An antenna with an easily designed beam shape based on a waveguide structure

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of antenna beamforming, and provides an antenna with an easily designed beam shape based on a waveguide structure, including a lower-layer E-plane waveguide power divider, a left transition waveguide structure, a right transition waveguide structure, a left rotating waveguide radiation structure, and a right rotating waveguide radiation structure. The lower-layer E-plane waveguide power divider includes a metal spacer, a wedge tip, an input waveguide, a left output waveguide, and a right output waveguide. A metal hole is provided on the metal spacer for a feeding joint probe to be inserted for feeding to achieve feeding matching characteristics. The wedge tip is located between the left output waveguide and the right output waveguide, and the amplitude ratio of the electromagnetic wave energy input to the left output waveguide and the right output waveguide is regulated by changing the position of the wedge tip. Thus, by adjusting the position of the wedge tip, different amplitude ratios and anti-phase phases are provided for the radiating antenna, greatly simplifying the complexity of beam shape design and improving the flexibility of beamforming.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of antenna beamforming, and particularly to an antenna with an easily designed beam shape based on a waveguide structure. Background Art

[0002] With the gradual intelligentization and digitalization of wireless communication applications and technologies, their application scenarios have become more complex and diverse. The antenna front-end with beamforming capabilities and corresponding means has become the key technical support for current and future 5G and 6G wireless communications.

[0003] Traditional beamforming technologies achieve the target radiation pattern characteristics by adjusting the amplitude and phase of the feeding signals of each antenna element in an array antenna. Currently, beamforming technologies often rely on complex mathematical models and algorithms, which can improve performance but also increase the complexity of the system. The structural design of most antennas with beamforming functions is more complex and has certain limitations in complex and changing environmental backgrounds. Therefore, there is a need to provide an antenna with an easily designed beam shape based on a waveguide structure to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an antenna with an easily designed beam shape based on a waveguide structure, aiming to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An antenna with an easily designed beam shape based on a waveguide structure, comprising a lower-layer E-plane waveguide power divider, a left transition waveguide structure, a right transition waveguide structure, a left rotating waveguide radiation structure, and a right rotating waveguide radiation structure. The lower-layer E-plane waveguide power divider includes a metal spacer, a wedge tip, an input waveguide, a left output waveguide, and a right output waveguide. A metal hole is provided on the metal spacer for a feeding joint probe to insert for feeding to achieve feeding matching characteristics. The wedge tip is located between the left output waveguide and the right output waveguide, and the amplitude ratio of the electromagnetic wave energy input to the left output waveguide and the right output waveguide is regulated by changing the position of the wedge tip, and an anti-phase is obtained. The left output waveguide extends forward and makes a 180° turn in the E-plane and a 90° turn in the H-plane, and the right output waveguide extends to the right and makes a 90° turn in the E-plane and a 90° turn in the H-plane.

[0006] As a further solution of the present invention, the left transition waveguide structure includes a left flat waveguide, a left stepped waveguide, and a left standard waveguide. The left flat waveguide is connected to the left output waveguide, and the left stepped waveguide is located between the left flat waveguide and the left standard waveguide.

[0007] As a further aspect of the present invention, the right transition waveguide structure includes a right widened flat waveguide, a right widened stepped waveguide, a right standard waveguide, and a right inclined waveguide. The right widened flat waveguide is connected to the right output waveguide, the right standard waveguide is connected to the right inclined waveguide, and the right widened stepped waveguide is located between the right widened flat waveguide and the right standard waveguide.

[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention, the right widened flat waveguide and the right widened stepped waveguide achieve phase regulation by increasing the waveguide width, so that the phase difference of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the left rotating waveguide radiation structure and the right rotating waveguide radiation structure remains stable. The phase difference is maintained within ±180°, and the phase deviation is within ±10°. The wide side of the right widened flat waveguide is 4 mm longer than that of the left flat waveguide, and the wide side of the right widened stepped waveguide is 4 mm longer than that of the left stepped waveguide.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention, the left rotating waveguide radiation structure includes a left rotating waveguide and a left radiation waveguide, and the lower end of the left rotating waveguide is connected to the left standard waveguide; the right rotating waveguide radiation structure includes a right rotating waveguide and a right radiation waveguide, and the lower end of the right rotating waveguide is connected to the right inclined waveguide; the counterclockwise rotation angle of the right rotating waveguide from bottom to top is the same as that of the left rotating waveguide from bottom to top.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention, the height of the right rotating waveguide is the same as that of the left rotating waveguide, and the counterclockwise rotation angle of both the left rotating waveguide and the right rotating waveguide from bottom to top is 45°.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention, the offset of the wedge tip is 1.7 mm, so that the power ratio of the electromagnetic wave energy input into the left output waveguide and the right output waveguide is 4:1.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention, the offset of the wedge tip is 1.95 mm, so that the power ratio of the electromagnetic wave energy input into the left output waveguide and the right output waveguide is 1:0.001.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention, the offset of the wedge tip is 0.5 mm, so that the power ratio of the electromagnetic wave energy input into the left output waveguide and the right output waveguide is 2.5:1.

[0014] As a further aspect of the present invention, the working steps are as follows: The electromagnetic wave is fed into the input waveguide of the lower-layer E-plane waveguide power divider, and is guided and split by the wedge tip, dividing the input electromagnetic wave into two electromagnetic waves. The power ratio of the two electromagnetic waves is (a + b) / (a – b), and they respectively enter the left transition waveguide structure and the right transition waveguide structure to achieve the inversion of the phase electromagnetic wave, where the sum beam F in the antenna beam F （Sum） and the difference beam F （Dif）The power ratio is a / b; electromagnetic waves with a power ratio of (a + b) / (a - b) respectively pass through the left transition waveguide structure and the right transition waveguide structure to achieve impedance matching with the left rotating waveguide radiation structure and the right rotating waveguide radiation structure, and fine-tuning of the electromagnetic wave phase; electromagnetic waves with a power ratio of (a + b) / (a - b) respectively enter the left rotating waveguide radiation structure and the right rotating waveguide radiation structure, achieve 45° polarization through the left rotating waveguide and the right rotating waveguide, and finally achieve a controllable beam through the combined radiation of the left radiation waveguide and the right radiation waveguide.

[0015] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] The antenna with an easily designed beam shape based on a waveguide structure has the characteristics of a compact structure and simple feeding, and can be integrally processed by 3D printing; in addition, unequal power ratios and opposite phases are obtained through an E-plane waveguide power divider, and finally, electromagnetic wave radiation is carried out through the left rotating waveguide radiation structure and the right rotating waveguide radiation structure to achieve beam pattern shaping and oblique polarization at any angle; the antenna structure with an easily designed beam shape based on a waveguide structure is more conducive to the integration of array antennas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings, where:

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna with an easily designed beam shape based on a waveguide structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of a waveguide cavity of an antenna with an easily designed beam shape based on a waveguide structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a lower-layer E-plane waveguide power divider of an antenna with an easily designed beam shape based on a waveguide structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a left transition waveguide structure of an antenna with an easily designed beam shape based on a waveguide structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of a right transition waveguide structure of an antenna with an easily designed beam shape based on a waveguide structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6Schematic diagram of the left rotating waveguide radiation structure in the beam shape easily designed antenna based on waveguide structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the right rotating waveguide radiation structure in the beam shape easily designed antenna based on waveguide structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 SWR schematic diagrams of Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, and Embodiment 3 in the working frequency band of 8.4 GHz - 9.4 GHz.

[0026] Figure 9 Y - O - Z plane patterns of the antenna of Embodiment 1 at 8.4 GHz, 8.9 GHz, and 9.4 GHz.

[0027] Figure 10 Y - O - Z plane patterns of the antenna of Embodiment 2 at 8.4 GHz, 8.9 GHz, and 9.4 GHz.

[0028] Figure 11 Y - O - Z plane patterns of the antenna of Embodiment 3 at 8.4 GHz, 8.9 GHz, and 9.4 GHz.

[0029] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the cross - polarization isolation degree of the E - plane of the antenna of Embodiment 1 at 8.9 GHz under the oblique 45° polarization.

[0030] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the cross - polarization isolation degree of the E - plane of the antenna of Embodiment 2 at 8.9 GHz under the oblique 45° polarization.

[0031] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the cross - polarization isolation degree of the E - plane of the antenna of Embodiment 3 at 8.9 GHz under the oblique 45° polarization.

[0032] Reference numerals: 1 - input waveguide; 2 - metal spacer; 3 - wedge tip; 4 - left output waveguide; 5 - right output waveguide; 6 - left flat waveguide; 7 - left stepped waveguide; 8 - left standard waveguide; 9 - right widened flat waveguide; 10 - right widened stepped waveguide; 11 - right standard waveguide; 12 - right inclined waveguide; 13 - left rotating waveguide; 14 - left radiating waveguide; 15 - right rotating waveguide; 16 - right radiating waveguide. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0034] The following describes the specific implementation of the present invention in detail in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0035] Please refer to Figures 1 to 7 , an antenna with an easily designed beam shape based on a waveguide structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a lower-layer E-plane waveguide power divider, a left transition waveguide structure, a right transition waveguide structure, a left rotating waveguide radiation structure, and a right rotating waveguide radiation structure. The lower-layer E-plane waveguide power divider includes a metal spacer 2, a wedge tip 3, an input waveguide 1, a left output waveguide 4, and a right output waveguide 5. A metal hole is provided on the metal spacer 2 for a feeding joint probe to insert for feeding to achieve feeding matching characteristics; the wedge tip 3 is located between the left output waveguide 4 and the right output waveguide 5, and the amplitude ratio of electromagnetic wave energy input into the left output waveguide 4 and the right output waveguide 5 is regulated by changing the position of the wedge tip 3, and an anti-phase is obtained; the left output waveguide 4 extends forward and makes a 180° turn in the E-plane and a 90° turn in the H-plane, and the right output waveguide 5 extends to the right and makes a 90° turn in the E-plane and a 90° turn in the H-plane, making the structure of the lower-layer E-plane waveguide power divider more compact and reducing the size of the antenna.

[0036] In the embodiment of the present invention, the left transition waveguide structure includes a left flat waveguide 6, a left stepped waveguide 7, and a left standard waveguide 8. The left flat waveguide 6 is connected to the left output waveguide 4, and the left stepped waveguide 7 is located between the left flat waveguide 6 and the left standard waveguide 8 to achieve good impedance matching; the right transition waveguide structure includes a right widened flat waveguide 9, a right widened stepped waveguide 10, a right standard waveguide 11, and a right inclined waveguide 12. The right widened flat waveguide 9 is connected to the right output waveguide 5, the right standard waveguide 11 is connected to the right inclined waveguide 12, and the right widened stepped waveguide 10 is located between the right widened flat waveguide 9 and the right standard waveguide 11 to achieve good impedance matching. The right widened flat waveguide 9 and the right widened stepped waveguide 10 achieve phase regulation by increasing the waveguide width, so that the phase difference of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the left rotating waveguide radiation structure and the right rotating waveguide radiation structure remains stable, the phase difference remains within ±180°, and the phase deviation is within ±10°; the wide side of the right widened flat waveguide 9 is 4 mm longer than that of the left flat waveguide 6, and the wide side of the right widened stepped waveguide 10 is 4 mm longer than that of the left stepped waveguide 7.

[0037] In the embodiment of the present invention, the left rotating waveguide radiation structure includes a left rotating waveguide 13 and a left radiation waveguide 14, and the lower end of the left rotating waveguide 13 is connected to the left standard waveguide 8; the right rotating waveguide radiation structure includes a right rotating waveguide 15 and a right radiation waveguide 16, and the lower end of the right rotating waveguide 15 is connected to the right inclined waveguide 12; the counterclockwise rotation angle of the right rotating waveguide 15 from bottom to top is the same as that of the left rotating waveguide 13 from bottom to top. The height of the right rotating waveguide 15 is the same as that of the left rotating waveguide 13, and the counterclockwise rotation angles of the left rotating waveguide 13 and the right rotating waveguide 15 from bottom to top are both 45°.

[0038] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 12 , the offset of the wedge 3 is 1.7 mm, and the power ratio of the electromagnetic wave energy input to the left output waveguide 4 and the right output waveguide 5 is 4:1. The standing wave ratio in the working frequency band of 8.4 GHz - 9.4 GHz is less than 2. In the working frequency band, the difference between the lowest gain value and the highest gain value of the beam depression can be maintained within the range of -5 dB to -10 dB. Under the 45° oblique polarization, the cross-polarization isolation degree of the E-plane at 8.9 GHz is greater than 15 dB, indicating good polarization isolation.

[0039] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 10 and Figure 13 , the offset of the wedge 3 is 1.95 mm, and the power ratio of the electromagnetic wave energy input to the left output waveguide 4 and the right output waveguide 5 is 1:0.001. The standing wave ratio in the working frequency band of 8.4 GHz - 9.4 GHz is less than 2. In the working frequency band, the difference between the lowest gain value and the highest gain value of the beam depression can be maintained within the range of 0 dB to -3 dB. Under the 45° oblique polarization, the cross-polarization isolation degree of the E-plane at 8.9 GHz is greater than 15 dB, indicating good polarization isolation.

[0040] Example 3: Please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 11 and Figure 14 , the offset of the wedge 3 is 0.5 mm, and the power ratio of the electromagnetic wave energy input to the left output waveguide 4 and the right output waveguide 5 is 2.5:1. The standing wave ratio in the working frequency band of 8.4 GHz - 9.4 GHz is less than 2. In the working frequency band, the difference between the lowest gain value and the highest gain value of the beam depression can be maintained within the range of -12 dB to -17 dB. Under the 45° oblique polarization, the cross-polarization isolation degree of the E-plane at 8.9 GHz is greater than 15 dB, indicating good polarization isolation.

[0041] The antenna described in the present invention can be applied to a special wireless communication system in a complex environment. The antenna structure is compact and only one port is required for beamforming. Specifically, when implemented, the working frequency range is 8.4 - 9.4 GHz. In this frequency band, the return loss and polarization isolation are good, and the radiation efficiency is high. By adjusting the position of the wedge, different amplitude ratios and anti-phase phases are provided for the radiating antenna, greatly simplifying the complexity of beam shape design and improving the flexibility of beamforming.

[0042] The working principle of the embodiments of the present invention is as follows: To facilitate the design of the antenna beam shape, according to the principle of electric field superposition, the antenna beam FThe sum beam radiated by a unit power radiation source F （Sum） and the difference beam radiated by a unit power radiation source F （Dif） are superimposed in a specific ratio to obtain the sum beam F （Sum） and the difference beam F （Dif） with a power ratio of a / b, that is, the sum beam F （Sum） has a total radiation power of a, and the difference beam F （Dif） has a total radiation power of b. . In addition, the sum beam with a total radiation power of a F （Sum） can be realized by the left radiation waveguide and the right radiation waveguide together radiating electromagnetic waves with a power of a / 2 and the same phase and the same polarization; the difference beam with a total radiation power of b F （Dif） can be realized by the left radiation waveguide and the right radiation waveguide together radiating electromagnetic waves with a power of b / 2 and opposite phases and the same polarization. Combining the sum beam F （Sum） and the sum-difference beam F （Dif） of the above two radiation power modes of the left radiation waveguide and the right radiation waveguide can obtain the antenna beam F , and the output power of the left radiation waveguide is a / 2 + b / 2, and the output power of the right radiation waveguide is a / 2 - b / 2, so that the required input power ratio of the left radiation waveguide and the right radiation waveguide is (a + b) / (a – b); finally, by adjusting the positions of the tips on the left and right sides of the lower E-plane waveguide power divider, the required electromagnetic wave power ratio of (a + b) / (a – b) is achieved.

[0043] The working steps are as follows: Step 1: The electromagnetic wave is fed into the input waveguide of the lower E-plane waveguide power divider, guided and split by the tip 3, and the input electromagnetic wave is divided into two electromagnetic waves. The power ratio of the two electromagnetic waves is (a + b) / (a – b) and they enter the left transition waveguide structure and the right transition waveguide structure respectively, realizing the phase inversion of the electromagnetic wave. Among them, the sum beam F in the antenna beam F （Sum） and the difference beam F （Dif）The power ratio is a / b; Step 2: Electromagnetic waves with a power ratio of (a + b) / (a - b) respectively pass through the left transition waveguide structure and the right transition waveguide structure to achieve impedance matching with the left rotating waveguide radiation structure and the right rotating waveguide radiation structure, and fine-tuning of the electromagnetic wave phase; Step 3: Electromagnetic waves with a power ratio of (a + b) / (a - b) respectively enter the left rotating waveguide radiation structure and the right rotating waveguide radiation structure, achieve 45° polarization through the left rotating waveguide and the right rotating waveguide, and finally achieve a controllable beam through the common radiation of the left radiation waveguide and the right radiation waveguide.

[0044] It should be noted that the essence of beam control is the regulation of the electromagnetic field. It is known that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the far field of radiation and the electric field of the aperture. According to the principle of electric field superposition, the total radiation field is a pattern with a depression in the middle of the beam, and a sum beam F （Sum） and a difference beam F （Dif） need to be synthesized in a certain proportion. Looking at it from the perspective of mapping to the aperture, that is, a total electric field is required, which is composed of the electric field E （Sum） that generates the sum beam F （Sum） and the electric field E （Dif） that generates the difference beam F (Dif) superimposed in the above proportion. Theoretically, patterns with different depression depths can be obtained by changing the proportionality coefficient, that is, the beam shape can be easily controlled. Formula: The sum beam is generated by the in-phase electric field radiation on the aperture, and the difference beam is generated by the out-of-phase electric field radiation on the aperture. This requires an invention structure that can achieve adjustable amplitude ratio and out-of-phase phase of the electric field of the radiation aperture.

[0045] For those skilled in the art, although several embodiments and examples of the present invention have been described, these embodiments and examples are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These new embodiments can be implemented in various other ways, and various omissions, substitutions, and changes can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and its equivalents.

[0046] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to embodiments, not every embodiment only contains an independent technical solution. This narrative way of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A waveguide structure-based beam shape easily designed antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a lower layer E-plane waveguide power divider, a left transition waveguide structure, a right transition waveguide structure, a left-rotating waveguide radiation structure and a right-rotating waveguide radiation structure. The lower layer E-plane waveguide power divider comprises a metal pad (2), a wedge tip (3), an input waveguide (1), a left output waveguide (4) and a right output waveguide (5). The metal pad (2) is provided with a metal hole for inserting a feeding connector probe for feeding to achieve feeding matching characteristics. The wedge tip (3) is located between the left output waveguide (4) and the right output waveguide (5). By changing the position of the wedge tip (3), the amplitude ratio of the electromagnetic wave energy input to the left output waveguide (4) and the right output waveguide (5) is regulated to obtain an anti-phase. The left output waveguide (4) extends forward and makes a 180° turn on the E plane and a 90° turn on the H plane. The right output waveguide (5) extends rightward and makes a 90° turn on the E plane and a 90° turn on the H plane. The left transition waveguide structure comprises a left flat waveguide (6), a left step waveguide (7) and a left standard waveguide (8); the left flat waveguide (6) is connected to the left output waveguide (4); and the left step waveguide (7) is located between the left flat waveguide (6) and the left standard waveguide (8); The right transition waveguide structure comprises a right widened flat waveguide (9), a right widened step waveguide (10), a right standard waveguide (11) and a right oblique waveguide (12); the right widened flat waveguide (9) is connected to the right output waveguide (5); the right standard waveguide (11) is connected to the right oblique waveguide (12); and the right widened step waveguide (10) is located between the right widened flat waveguide (9) and the right standard waveguide (11); The right widened flat waveguide (9) and the right widened step waveguide (10) achieve phase control by increasing the waveguide width, so that the phase difference of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the left-rotating waveguide radiation structure and the right-rotating waveguide radiation structure remains stable, the phase difference is maintained at ±180°, and the phase deviation is within ±10°; the right widened flat waveguide (9) is 4 mm longer than the left flat waveguide (6), and the right widened step waveguide (10) is 4 mm longer than the left step waveguide (7).

2. The waveguide structure-based beam shape easily designed antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left-rotating waveguide radiation structure comprises a left-rotating waveguide (13) and a left radiating waveguide (14), and the lower end of the left-rotating waveguide (13) is connected to the left standard waveguide (8); the right-rotating waveguide radiation structure comprises a right-rotating waveguide (15) and a right radiating waveguide (16), and the lower end of the right-rotating waveguide (15) is connected to the right oblique waveguide (12); the counterclockwise rotation angle of the right-rotating waveguide (15) from bottom to top is consistent with the counterclockwise rotation angle of the left-rotating waveguide (13) from bottom to top.

3. The waveguide structure-based beam shape easily designed antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The height of the right-handed waveguide (15) is the same as that of the left-handed waveguide (13), and the counterclockwise rotation angles of the left-handed waveguide (13) and the right-handed waveguide (15) from bottom to top are both 45 degrees.

4. The waveguide structure-based beam shape easily designed antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The offset of the wedge tip (3) is 1.7 mm, achieving a power ratio of 4:1 for electromagnetic wave energy input to the left output waveguide (4) and the right output waveguide (5).

5. The waveguide structure-based beam shape easily designed antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The offset of the wedge tip (3) is 1.95 mm, achieving a power ratio of 1:0.001 between the electromagnetic wave energy input to the left output waveguide (4) and the right output waveguide (5).

6. The waveguide structure-based beam shape easily designed antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The offset of the wedge tip (3) is 0.5 mm, achieving a power ratio of 2.5:1 for electromagnetic wave energy input to the left output waveguide (4) and the right output waveguide (5).

7. The waveguide structure-based beam shape easily designed antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working steps are as follows: the electromagnetic wave is fed into the input waveguide of the lower E-plane waveguide power divider, and is guided and split through the wedge tip (3), so that the input electromagnetic wave is divided into two electromagnetic waves, and the power ratio of the two electromagnetic waves is (a+b) / (a–b). The two electromagnetic waves enter the left transition waveguide structure and the right transition waveguide structure respectively, and the phase electromagnetic wave is reversed, wherein the sum beam F in the antenna beam F （Sum） and difference beam F （Dif） The power ratio is a / b; the electromagnetic wave with a power ratio of (a+b) / (a–b) passes through the left transition waveguide structure and the right transition waveguide structure respectively to achieve impedance matching with the left-rotating waveguide radiation structure and the right-rotating waveguide radiation structure, and fine-tuning of the electromagnetic wave phase; the electromagnetic wave with a power ratio of (a+b) / (a–b) enters the left-rotating waveguide radiation structure and the right-rotating waveguide radiation structure respectively, and achieves 45° polarization through the left-rotating waveguide and the right-rotating waveguide, and finally radiates together through the left radiating waveguide and the right radiating waveguide to realize a controllable beam.

Images