On-off keying modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexing waveform generation

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A transmitter may modulate a set of bits into an on-off keying (OOK) sample sequence for wireless transmission to a receiver in a set of frequency resources. The transmitter may apply a transform (e.g., a discrete Fourier transform (DFT)) to the sequence of OOK samples to generate a frequency domain representation of the sequence of OOK samples. In some cases, the transmitter may generate an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) waveform using an OFDM waveform generator based on a set of resource elements that map the frequency domain representation of the OOK sample sequence to the set of frequency resources. In some cases, the transmitter may transmit the OFDM waveform to the receiver via the set of frequency resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, including orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform generation via on-off keying (OOK) modulation. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcasting, and the like. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations, each of which supports wireless communication of a communication device, which may be referred to as a user equipment (UE).

[0003] In some wireless communication systems, one or more receivers may use amplitude shift keying (ASK) such as on-off keying (OOK) to receive and decode signals. However, some OOK signals used in some wireless communication systems may be incompatible with one or more OFDM signals used in different wireless communication systems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, devices and apparatuses that support the generation of OFDM waveforms modulated by OOK. For example, the described technology enables a transmitter (e.g., a network entity, a base station) to multiplex one or more on-off keying (OOK) waveforms with one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveforms. In some examples, the transmitter may modulate a set of bits (e.g., having a value of 1 or 0) into an OOK sample sequence (e.g., a time domain sample sequence) for wireless transmission to a first receiver (e.g., a UE) in a first set of frequency resources. The transmitter may apply a transform to the OOK sample sequence to generate a frequency domain representation of the OOK sample sequence. For example, the transformed OOK sample sequence may be represented as a time domain frequency domain sample sequence. Using the frequency domain sample sequence, the transmitter may generate an OOK-based OFDM waveform. In some aspects, the frequency domain sample sequence is mapped to one or more resource elements included in the first set of frequency resources. The transmitter may send the OFDM waveform to a first receiver. In this way, the receiver can use the OOK signal to receive and decode the OFDM waveform.

[0005] A method for wireless communication at a transmitter is described. The method may include: modulating a set of bits into an OOK sample sequence for wireless transmission to a first receiver within a first set of frequency resources; applying a transform to the OOK sample sequence to generate a frequency domain sample sequence that is a frequency domain representation of the OOK sample sequence; generating an OFDM waveform based on mapping the frequency domain sample sequence to a first plurality of resource elements within the first set of frequency resources; and transmitting the OFDM waveform to the first receiver via the first set of frequency resources.

[0006] An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitter is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: modulate a set of bits into an OOK sample sequence for wireless transmission to a first receiver within a first set of frequency resources; apply a transform to the OOK sample sequence to generate a frequency domain sample sequence that is a frequency domain representation of the OOK sample sequence; generate an OFDM waveform based on mapping the frequency domain sample sequence to a first set of multiple resource elements within the first set of frequency resources; and transmit the OFDM waveform to the first receiver via the first set of frequency resources.

[0007] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitter is described. The apparatus may include: means for modulating a set of bits into an OOK sample sequence for wireless transmission to a first receiver within a first set of frequency resources; means for applying a transform to the OOK sample sequence to generate a frequency domain sample sequence that is a frequency domain representation of the OOK sample sequence; means for generating an OFDM waveform based on mapping the frequency domain sample sequence to a first plurality of resource elements within the first set of frequency resources; and means for transmitting the OFDM waveform to the first receiver via the first set of frequency resources.

[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a transmitter is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: modulate a set of bits into an OOK sample sequence for wireless transmission to a first receiver within a first set of frequency resources; apply a transform to the OOK sample sequence to generate a frequency domain sample sequence that is a frequency domain representation of the OOK sample sequence; generate an OFDM waveform based on mapping the frequency domain sample sequence to a first set of multiple resource elements within the first set of frequency resources; and transmit the OFDM waveform to the first receiver via the first set of frequency resources.

[0009] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving a sequence of data samples for transmission to a second receiver within a second set of frequency resources different from the first set of frequency resources; applying a second transform to the sequence of frequency domain samples and the sequence of data samples to generate a time domain representation of a multiplexed signal; and generating an OFDM waveform based on adding a cyclic prefix to the time domain representation of the multiplexed signal.

[0010] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, generating an OFDM waveform may include operations, features, components, or instructions for generating an OFDM waveform based on inserting guard band samples in one or more resource elements positioned on either side of a first plurality of resource elements.

[0011] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, applying a transform may include operations, features, components, or instructions for applying a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to the OOK sample sequence to generate a frequency domain sample sequence.

[0012] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, generating an OFDM waveform may include operations, features, components, or instructions for applying an inverse DFT (IDFT) to a sequence of frequency domain samples to generate an OFDM waveform.

[0013] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, modulating the set of bits into the OOK sample sequence may include operations, features, components, or instructions for identifying an on duration and an off duration of the OOK sample sequence based on the set of bits.

[0014] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, modulating the group of bits into an OOK sample sequence may include operations, features, components, or instructions for modulating information bits in the group of bits into an OOK sample sequence using Manchester decoding.

[0015] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for identifying an on duration of the OOK sample sequence and an off duration of the OOK sample sequence, wherein the on duration may be shorter than the off duration.

[0016] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for inserting a first sequence of one or more samples having zero values ​​at the end of an on-time of an OOK sample sequence, inserting a second sequence of one or more samples having zero values ​​at the beginning of the on-time, or performing both operations.

[0017] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the lengths of the first sequence and the second sequence may be based on a cyclic prefix.

[0018] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending an OFDM waveform may include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending the OFDM waveform during a symbol period at a transmit power level that may be based on a length of an on duration of an OOK sample sequence and a length of an off duration of the OOK sample sequence.

[0019] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the transmit power level may be an average transmit power level normalized according to a target transmit power value based on a length of the on duration relative to a length of the off duration.

[0020] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the OOK sample sequence corresponds to a first length, and wherein an on-duration of the OOK sample sequence includes a sequence of non-zero valued samples having a second length, which second length may be a fraction of the first length.

[0021] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, a disconnected duration of the sequence of OOK samples includes a sequence of samples having a zero value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system supporting on-off keying (OOK) modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform generation according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0023] Figure 2 and Figure 3 An example of a waveform generation process that supports OOK modulated OFDM waveform generation according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0024] Figure 4 An example of a waveform supporting OOK modulated OFDM waveform generation according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0025] Figure 5An example of an OOK signal supporting OOK modulated OFDM waveform generation according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0026] Figure 6 An example of a process flow supporting OOK modulated OFDM waveform generation according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0027] Figure 7 and Figure 8 A block diagram of a device supporting OOK modulated OFDM waveform generation according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0028] Fig. 9 A block diagram of a communications manager supporting OOK modulated OFDM waveform generation is shown in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] Fig.10 A diagram of a system including a device supporting OOK modulated OFDM waveform generation is shown in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figures 11 to 13 A flow chart illustrating a method of supporting OOK modulated OFDM waveform generation according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Some wireless communication systems (e.g., new radio (NR)) may include devices that use amplitude shift keying (ASK) such as on-off keying (OOK). In some examples, a receiver (e.g., a network entity, a base station) may use OOK to receive and decode signals. In some cases, a wireless communication system may benefit from generating an OOK signal that is compatible with other orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. In some aspects, a wireless communication system may support generating an OOK waveform from an OFDM waveform generator. For example, an OFDM waveform generator may generate an OOK waveform based on an OFDM symbol or a waveform based on a sub-OFDM symbol. However, some wireless communication systems (e.g., NR) may not support an OFDM-based OOK waveform. For example, a conventional wireless communication system may not support an OFDM-based OOK waveform because a conventional OOK waveform may interfere with other different signals multiplexed in the frequency domain. Such an approach may lead to bandwidth regeneration problems (e.g., the adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) may be large).

[0032] The techniques, systems, and devices described herein support the generation of an OOK modulated OFDM waveform that can reduce the power consumption of a receiver. In some examples, a transmitter may generate an OOK sample sequence, which may be a time domain OOK signal represented by a sequence of bits (e.g., 1s and 0s) of a signal length of M for transmission to a receiver (e.g., a UE) within a first set of frequency resources. The transmitter may apply a transform (e.g., a discrete Fourier transform (DFT)) to the OOK sample sequence to generate a frequency domain representation of the time domain OOK signal. In some cases, the frequency domain representation may be identified as a frequency domain sample sequence. The transmitter may pass the frequency domain sample sequence to a waveform generator (e.g., an OFDM waveform generator to which an inverse DFT (IDFT) may be applied), which may generate an OOK modulated OFDM waveform. In some examples, the waveform generator may generate an OFDM waveform based on mapping the frequency domain sample sequence to a set of resource elements of the first set of frequency resources. In this way, the wireless communication system may enable the transmitter to send an OFDM waveform to a receiver via the first set of frequency resources.

[0033] Aspects of the disclosure are first described in the context of wireless communication systems. Aspects of the disclosure are then described in the context of waveform generation processes, waveforms, and process flows. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated and described by and with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flow diagrams related to OFDM waveform generation with OOK modulation.

[0034] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting OFDM waveform generation with OOK modulation according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating according to other systems and radio technologies (including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein).

[0035] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communication system 100, and may include devices in different forms or with different capabilities. In various examples, the network entities 105 may be referred to as network elements, mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, the network entities 105 and the UE 115 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., radio frequency (RF) access links). For example, the network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) within which the UE 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area within which the network entity 105 and the UE 115 may support signal communications according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0036] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile, or stationary and mobile at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communication with various types of devices (such as Figure 1 Communicate with other UEs 115 or network entities 105) as shown.

[0037] As described herein, a node of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as a network node or a wireless node) may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, the node may be a UE 115. As another example, the node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. may include disclosure of UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. as nodes. For example, a disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that the first node is configured to receive information from a second node.

[0038] In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with each other, or both. For example, the network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between the network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) via the backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols). In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other via midhaul communication links 162 (e.g., according to a midhaul interface protocol) or fronthaul communication links 168 (e.g., according to a fronthaul interface protocol) or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication links 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, optical fiber links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), etc. or various combinations thereof. UE 115 may communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155 .

[0039] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a transceiver base station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a next-generation Node B, or a Gigabit Node B (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), a Home Node B, a Home Evolved Node B, or other suitable terms). In some examples, the network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, stand-alone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as a base station 140).

[0040] In some examples, the network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, the network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a near real-time RIC (near RT RIC), a non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC)), a service management and orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio unit (RRU), or a transmit receive point (TRP). One or more components of the network entity 105 in the decomposed RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of the decomposed RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0041] The functional split between CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and can support different functionalities, depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack can be employed between CU 160 and DU 165, such that CU 160 can support one or more layers of a protocol stack and DU 165 can support one or more different layers of a protocol stack. In some examples, CU 160 can host higher protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3), layer 2 (L2)) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP)). The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between the DUs 165 and RUs 170, such that the DUs 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and the RUs 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DUs 165 may support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170). In some cases, the functional split between CU 160 and DU 165 or between DU 165 and RU 170 may be within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions of the protocol layer may be performed by one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by different ones of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). CU 160 may be further functionally split into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via midhaul communication links 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via fronthaul communication links 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, midhaul communication link 162 or fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented based on interfaces (eg, channels) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 that communicate via those communication links.

[0042] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication system 100), infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as donor entities or IAB donors. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be controlled in part by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., a donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication links 120). The IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile terminal (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by a DU 165 of a coupled IAB donor. The IAB-MT may include a collection of independent antennas for relaying communications with the UE 115, or may share the same antenna of the IAB node 104 (e.g., of the RU 170) for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, the IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such cases, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of the IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0043] Where the techniques described herein are applied in the context of a decomposed RAN architecture, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture may be configured to support OOK modulated OFDM waveform generation as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., an IAB node 104, a DU 165, a CU 160, a RU 170, a RIC 175, a SMO 180).

[0044] UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable term, where a "device" may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, etc. UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0045] The UE 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115, which may sometimes act as relays, as well as network entities 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 shown.

[0046] The UE 115 and the network entity 105 may use resources associated with one or more carriers to wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links). The term "carrier" may refer to a collection of RF spectrum resources having a physical layer structure defined to support the communication link 125. For example, a carrier for the communication link 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) that operates according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling for coordinating carrier operations, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 may support communications with the UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, the UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation may be used for both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between the network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between a device and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of the network entity 105. For example, the terms "send," "receive," or "communicate" when referring to the network entity 105 may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, CU 160, DU 165, RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0047] In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates the operation of other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Absolute RF Channel Number (EARFCN)) and may be identified based on a channel raster for discovery by UE 115. A carrier may operate in a standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be made by UE 115 via the carrier, or a carrier may operate in a non-standalone mode, in which case the connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., a different carrier of the same or different radio access technology).

[0048] The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from the network entity 105 to the UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from the UE 115 to the network entity 105, or both, among other transmission configurations. A carrier may carry either downlink communications or uplink communications (e.g., in FDD mode), or may be configured to carry both downlink communications and uplink communications (e.g., in TDD mode).

[0049] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum, and in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a "system bandwidth" of the carrier or wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths (e.g., 1.4 megahertz (MHz), 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz) of a carrier of a particular radio access technology. A device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115, or both) of the wireless communication system 100 may have a hardware configuration that supports communications using a particular carrier bandwidth, or may be capable of being configured to support communications using one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include a network entity 105 or a UE 115 that supports concurrent communications using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured to operate using a portion (e.g., a subband, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.

[0050] The signal waveform transmitted via the carrier wave may be composed of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as OFDM or DFT-spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system using MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to a resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and the subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), so that a relatively high number of resource elements (e.g., in the transmission duration) and a relatively high order modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively high communication rate. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers, beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0051] One or more parameter sets for a carrier may be supported, and the parameter sets may include subcarrier spacing (Δf) and cyclic prefixes. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs with the same or different parameter sets. In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time, and communications of a UE 115 may be constrained to one or more active BWPs.

[0052] The time interval for the network entity 105 or the UE 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit, which may be, for example, a sample period T s =1 / (Δf max ·N f ) seconds, where Δf max It can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, and N f The supported DFT size may be indicated. The time intervals of the communication resources may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0053] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, the frame may be divided into subframes (e.g., in the time domain), and each subframe may be further divided into a certain number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a certain number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix appended in front of each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, the time slot may be further divided into a plurality of micro time slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., N f The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0054] A subframe, a time slot, a mini-time slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of a shortened TTI (sTTI)).

[0055] Physical channels may be multiplexed according to various techniques in order to communicate using a carrier. For example, physical control channels and physical data channels may be multiplexed using one or more of a time division multiplexing (TDM) technique, a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technique, or a hybrid TDM-FDM technique to signal via a downlink carrier. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) of a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across a system bandwidth of a carrier or a subset of that system bandwidth. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs in UE115 may monitor or search a control region to obtain control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level of a control channel candidate may refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space sets may include a common search space set configured for transmitting control information to a plurality of UEs 115 , and a UE-specific search space set for transmitting control information to a specific UE 115 .

[0056] The network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells (e.g., macro cells, small cells, hot spots, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof). The term "cell" may refer to a logical communication entity used to communicate with the network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier), and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID), or other identifier) ​​used to distinguish adjacent cells. In some examples, a cell may also refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) on which the logical communication entity operates. Depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105, such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., structures, subsets of structures) to larger areas. For example, a cell may be or may include a building, a subset of a building, or an external space between or overlapping coverage areas 110, and the like.

[0057] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access to UEs 115 that have service subscriptions with a network provider that supports the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a lower power network entity 105 (e.g., a lower power base station 140) (compared to a macro cell), and the small cell may operate using the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency band as the macro cell. A small cell may provide unrestricted access to UEs 115 that have service subscriptions with a network provider, or may provide restricted access to UEs 115 associated with a small cell (e.g., a UE 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG), a UE 115 associated with a user in a home or office). A network entity 105 may support one or more cells, and may also use one or more component carriers to support communications via one or more cells.

[0058] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)) that may provide access to different types of devices.

[0059] In some examples, the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) may be mobile and thus provide communication coverage for mobile coverage areas 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

[0060] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ a reduced power consumption mode of operation, such as half-duplex communication (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception but does not transmit and receive concurrently). In some examples, half-duplex communication may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power saving techniques for UEs 115 include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaged in active communications, operating using limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured to operate using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., a subcarrier or resource block (RB) set) within a carrier, within a guard band of a carrier, or outside a carrier.

[0061] The wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). UE 115 can be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private communication or group communication, and may be supported by one or more services (such as push-to-talk, video or data). Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.

[0062] In some examples, the UE 115 may be configured to support communication directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to a peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocol). In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in a group that are performing D2D communication may be within a coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communication configured (e.g., scheduled) by the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in such a group may be outside of the coverage area 110 of the network entity 105, or may otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from the network entity 105. In some examples, a group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication may support a one-to-many (1:M) system, in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, network entity 105 may facilitate scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be performed between UEs 115 without involving network entity 105.

[0063] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity for managing access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) and at least one user plane entity for routing packets or interconnecting to an external network (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW)), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) or a user plane function (UPF)). The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE 115 served by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to the IP service 150 of one or more network operators. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0064] The wireless communication system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands that may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). In general, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelength range is about one decimeter to one meter. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which may be referred to as clusters), but these waves may be sufficient to penetrate structures so that macro cells provide services to UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to communications using lower frequencies and longer wavelengths of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0065] The wireless communication system 100 may also operate using a super high frequency (SHF) region, which may be in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz (also known as a centimeter band), or an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) (also known as a millimeter band). In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UE 115 and the network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), and the EHF antennas of the corresponding devices may be smaller and closer together than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques may facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the device. However, the propagation of EHF transmissions may be affected by even greater attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions using one or more different frequency regions, and the use of frequency bands specified across these frequency regions may vary by country or regulatory agency.

[0066] The wireless communication system 100 may utilize licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may use unlicensed bands (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band) to employ license assisted access (LAA), LTE unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology. When operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as network entity 105 and UE 115 may employ carrier sensing for conflict detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations performed using unlicensed bands may be based on carrier aggregation configuration (e.g., LAA) in conjunction with component carriers operating using licensed bands. Operations performed using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among others.

[0067] The network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which can be used to employ technologies such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of the network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located in one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with the network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. The network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a collection of multiple rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communications with the UE 115. Similarly, the UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals sent via the antenna ports.

[0068] Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or direct an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining signals conveyed via antenna elements of an antenna array so that some signals propagating in a particular direction relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to signals conveyed via antenna elements may include the transmitting device or the receiving device applying an amplitude offset, a phase offset, or both to signals carried via antenna elements associated with the device. Adjustments associated with each of these antenna elements may be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a particular direction (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device or relative to some other direction).

[0069] In some cases, the wireless communication system 100 may support zero-power or near-zero-power wireless devices (e.g., receivers, transmitters) and other lower-power devices. In order to reduce the power consumption of the receiver, the wireless communication system 100 may support ASK-based signals, such as OOK signals. For example, the receiver may use an envelope detector to detect or demodulate the OOK signal, which may consume less power than other forms of detection (e.g., coherent detection). In some examples, in order to further reduce the power consumption of the receiver, the receiver may generate an OOK signal that is compatible with other OFDM signals. For example, a transmitter (e.g., a network entity, a base station) may generate an OOK waveform for a low-power wake-up signal that can be received by a low-power receiver. In addition, the transmitter may generate an OFDM-based signal (e.g., a conventional OFDM-based signal) that a low-power receiver can receive via a main radio component. Additionally or alternatively, a reference signal (e.g., for time or frequency synchronization) associated with a low-power wake-up signal (which may be referred to as a low-power reference signal) may be based on an OOK waveform so that it can be received by the same low-power receiver.

[0070] In some other examples (e.g., in high-frequency or broadband communications), some devices may use OFDM signals while some other devices may use OOK signals. In this case, it may be required that the OFDM signal and the OOK signal coexist in the same wireless spectrum (e.g., the same high-frequency spectrum). In this way, the transmitter may multiplex the OOK-based waveform with other OFDM waveforms (e.g., to achieve power savings for a receiver that receives the OOK-based waveform). Additionally or alternatively, a transmitter (e.g., a network entity, a base station) may send both an OOK signal and an OFDM signal, wherein a first receiver (e.g., a UE) may receive the OOK signal and a second receiver (e.g., a UE) may receive the OFDM signal. Alternatively, in an uplink scenario, the first receiver and the second receiver may send the OOK signal and the OFDM signal, respectively, but the receiver may receive the OOK signal and the OFDM signal on the same frequency band (e.g., on different resource blocks or resource elements of the same frequency band).

[0071] A waveform generator (e.g., an OFDM waveform generator) may generate an OFDM waveform including an OOK waveform having a specific frequency range. For example, the waveform generator may generate an OOK waveform based on an OFDM symbol. In such examples, the transmitter may turn the waveform generator on and off to generate an on-off pattern across multiple OFDM symbols. However, such an OFDM symbol-based OOK waveform may have a relatively high granularity (e.g., based on one OFDM symbol). In addition, the transmitter may not be able to use the OFDM symbol-based OOK waveform to send other non-OFDM waveforms to other receiving devices. Alternatively, the waveform generator may generate a waveform based on a sub-OFDM symbol. In such examples, the transmitter may zero half of the OFDM symbol (e.g., the first half or the second half) in the time domain to generate an on-off pattern within the OFDM symbol. However, such a waveform based on a sub-OFDM symbol may introduce a bandwidth regeneration problem because the bandwidth of the sub-OFDM symbol may be extended after half of the signal is zeroed. In the case where the wireless communication system 100 supports Wi-Fi communication, the access point may generate an OOK signal.

[0072] In some aspects, a transmitter may use a Manchester code (e.g., a code with phase encoding (PE)) to generate an OOK waveform. For example, the Manchester code may include a line code, and the transmitter may encode each data bit as a high state or a low state for an equal amount of time (e.g., 0: on to off, 1: off to on) for the line code. That is, each data bit may be encoded as a transition from an on state to an off state or from an off state to an on state. In some examples, the Manchester code may simplify the design of the receiver by enabling the transmitter to suppress the detector threshold in the estimated receiver and provide a more robust structure (e.g., unbiased, equal number of 0s and 1s) to resist interference. That is, the transmitter may use the transition between the on duration and the off duration to generate an OOK waveform, where the receiver may detect changes in power rather than detecting the absolute power of the OOK waveform. However, using Manchester decoding with an OOK waveform based on an OFDM symbol, the transmitter may send one bit for every two OFDM symbols, which may reduce signaling throughput and spectral efficiency.

[0073] For NR communication in the wireless communication system 100, the transmitter may multiplex other OFDM signals (e.g., OFDM signals in one frequency domain) with the OOK signal. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may support a transmitter (e.g., a network entity) to multiplex one or more OOK waveforms with one or more OFDM waveforms. In some examples, the transmitter may modulate a set of data bits into an OOK sample sequence (which may be a time domain sample sequence) for wireless transmission to a first receiver in a first set of frequency resources. The transmitter may apply a transform to an OOK sample sequence that will be represented as a frequency domain sample sequence (e.g., a frequency representation of the OOK sample sequence). Using the frequency domain sample sequence, the transmitter may generate an OOK-based OFDM waveform. In some aspects, the frequency domain sample sequence is mapped to one or more resource elements included in the first set of frequency resources. The transmitter may send the OFDM waveform to the first receiver. In this way, the receiver can use a simple detection scheme (e.g., incoherent envelope detection) to decode the OOK modulated OFDM waveform. It should be noted that the techniques described herein are directly applicable to ASK-based OFDM waveforms, in addition to other OFDM waveforms based on other ASK-based signal modulations.

[0074] Figure 2 An example of a waveform generation process 200 that supports generation of an OOK modulated OFDM waveform according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the waveform generation process 200 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100, or can be implemented by aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, a transmitter can use the waveform generation process 200 to generate an OFDM waveform 230 (e.g., an OOK modulated OFDM waveform) for transmission to a receiver. The waveform generation process 200 may include a transform 210 and an OFDM waveform generator 225, among other components. In some examples, the transmitter can apply the transform 210 to generate an intra-symbol OOK signal based on DFT-spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM), which can reduce power consumption at the receiver.

[0075] A wireless communication system (e.g., a wireless communication system 100 as described herein) including the waveform generation process 200 may support communication between a receiver (e.g., a UE) and a transmitter (e.g., a network entity, a base station). In some examples, the transmitter may modulate a set of bits into an OOK sample sequence 205 of length M (e.g., using BPSK, QPSK, etc.). For example, the OOK sample sequence 205 may include a time domain sample sequence of a signal (e.g., including bits), wherein the value of the bit of the signal may represent an on duration (e.g., a bit with a value of 1) or an off duration (e.g., a bit with a value of 0) of the OOK sample sequence 205. That is, the transmitter may identify the on duration and the off duration of the OOK sample sequence 205 based on the set of bits or the signal.

[0076] In some cases, the transmitter may modulate the set of bits into an OOK sample sequence 205 for wireless transmission to a first receiver within a first set of frequency resources. In some examples, the on duration of the OOK sample sequence 205 (e.g., x, ..., x, which may represent a 1-bit signal) may correspond to a length of M / K samples, where M is an integer multiple of K, such that each on-off duration of the OOK sample sequence 205 is the same length. In some examples, K=2 b , b = 0, 1, 2, ..., where b = 0 may indicate an on-duration of length M. Thus, the OOK sample sequence 205 may include K different on-and-off levels (eg, durations).

[0077] In some cases, the transmitter may modulate the set of bits into the OOK sample sequence 205 to enable more than one bit to be sent in the same OFDM symbol period. For example, if K=2, the transmitter may generate an on duration (e.g., a time domain sample sequence XXXX) and an off duration (e.g., a time domain sample sequence 0000). The transmitter may concatenate the time domain sample sequence for the on duration and the off duration to modulate the OOK sample sequence 205 (e.g., XXXX0000 or 0000XXXX). Because K=2, the OOK sample sequence 205 may include two bits (e.g., the on duration may include one bit and the off duration may include one bit). In this way, the transmitter may send these two bits within the same OFDM symbol without using Manchester decoding.

[0078] In some examples, the OOK sample sequence 205 may include a group of modulated bits using Manchester coding. For example, the transmitter may modulate information bits in the group of bits into the OOK sample sequence 205 using Manchester coding. In an example where K=2 and Manchester coding is used, the transmitter may modulate the information bits into a time domain sample sequence of 00000XXXXX or XXXXX00000 based on whether the information bits have a value of 1 or 0.

[0079] In some cases, the on duration (e.g., on state) of the OOK sample sequence 205 may be represented as a sequence of non-zero samples (e.g., bits having a value of 1) having a length of M / K samples. For example, the on duration may include a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) or π / 2BPSK sequence, a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) sequence, a Zadoff-Chu sequence, a vector or sequence having all 1 values, a constant envelope signal (e.g., a random BPSK / QPSK signal, which may have the same amplitude for all symbols in the sequence), a predefined symbol sequence (which may be selected so that the OFDM waveform 230 is as close as possible to an ideal OOK signal), or any other low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) sequence. That is, the on duration of the OOK sample sequence 205 may include a sequence of non-zero time domain samples having a second length (e.g., M / K) that is a fraction of the first length (e.g., M) of the OOK sample sequence 205. In some cases, an disconnected duration (eg, an disconnected state) of the OOK sample sequence 205 may be represented as a sequence of zero samples (eg, bits having a value of 0).

[0080] In some aspects, the transmitter may apply a transform 210 to the OOK sample sequence 205 for wireless transmission to the first receiver within the first set of frequency resources. In some examples, the transform 210 may apply a DFT (e.g., an M-point DFT), which may transform the OOK sample sequence 205 from a time domain sample sequence to a frequency domain sample sequence. In some cases, the frequency domain sample sequence is a frequency domain representation of the OOK sample sequence 205.

[0081] In some examples, the transmitter may pass the frequency domain sample sequence to an OFDM waveform generator 225 (e.g., a DFT-S-OFDM waveform generator). The OFDM waveform generator 225 may generate an OFDM waveform 230 based on mapping the frequency domain sample sequence to a first set of one or more resource elements within a first set of frequency resources, which may be an example of an OOK signal based on DFT-S-OFDM. In some examples, the OFDM waveform generator 225 may apply an IDFT (e.g., using an N-point IFFT, an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), where N>M) to the frequency domain sample sequence to generate the OFDM waveform 230. For example, the OFDM waveform generator 225 may apply an IDFT to the frequency domain sample sequence to map the sample sequence in the frequency domain back to the original time sequence. For example, the transmitter may apply a DFT-S-OFDM waveform generation including an M-point DFT and an N-point IFFT, where N>M. In this way, the transmitter may generate an intra-symbol OOK signal based on DFT-S-OFDM.

[0082] In some cases, in order to generate an OOK pattern across one or more full OFDM symbols, the transmitter may map all-zero signals (e.g., off durations) and all-non-zero signals (e.g., on durations) on frequency domain subcarriers corresponding to the OOK sample sequence 205. For example, the frequency domain sample sequence may include one or more frequency domain subcarriers corresponding to the OOK pattern (e.g., on durations x,...,x, off durations 0,...,0). In this case, the on duration (e.g., on state) may be represented by a non-zero sample sequence or signal in the frequency domain designed to minimize the PAPR of the generated OFDM waveform (e.g., a dedicated sequence that reduces or minimizes the PAPR of the on signal). Alternatively, the off duration (e.g., off state) may be represented by a zero sample sequence or signal in the frequency domain. In some cases, a cyclic prefix may be added to a sequence of zero or non-zero samples. For example, a percentage of samples in an OFDM symbol (e.g., the last X% of samples) is copied and concatenated to the beginning of the OFDM symbol. In some examples, a transmitter may use a single IFFT to generate a signal (eg, an OFDM waveform) that includes data for both an OOK receiver and a non-OOK receiver.

[0083] In some examples, guard bands 215 may be inserted in the frequency domain around a group of subcarriers (e.g., a first group of resource elements in a first group of frequency resources) in which a frequency domain sample sequence (e.g., a frequency representation of the OOK sample sequence 205) is allocated. For example, the transmitter may insert guard bands 215 (e.g., guard band samples) into one or more resource elements located on either side (e.g., before and after or above and below) of the first plurality of resource elements before the frequency domain sample sequence is passed to the OFDM waveform generator 225. In some cases, guard bands 215 may be inserted to reduce interference to a low-power receiver (e.g., a receiver of the OFDM waveform 230). In such scenarios, guard bands 215 may ensure that other signals (e.g., signals other than the frequency domain sample sequence of the OOK sample sequence 205) are suppressed from causing interference to a low-power receiver (which may use a relatively coarse filter when decoding the transmission) by keeping other signals (e.g., signals other than the frequency domain sample sequence of the OOK sample sequence 205) separate from the frequency domain sample sequence. For example, guard bands 215 may correspond to a subset of specific subcarriers at either end of the first group of frequency resources. Therefore, the transmitter may use the first group of resource elements within the first group of frequency resources for the frequency domain sample sequence, thereby preventing interference by allocating a subset of subcarriers on both ends of the frequency domain sample sequence for the guard band 215 .

[0084] In some examples, the transmitter may receive other data for transmission to another receiver (different from the first receiver). In some cases, the other data may include a data sample sequence 220 (e.g., a non-OOK based signal), which may be multiplexed in the frequency domain with a frequency domain sample sequence (e.g., a frequency representation of the OOK sample sequence 205). The transmitter may apply a second transform (e.g., IDFT) to the frequency domain sample sequence and the data sample sequence to generate a time domain representation of the multiplexed signal.

[0085] Based on the data sample sequence 220, the OFDM waveform generator 225 can generate the OFDM waveform 230 based on adding a cyclic prefix to the time domain representation of the multiplexed signal. In this way, the OFDM waveform generator 225 can generate the OFDM waveform 230 based on the OOK sample sequence 205 and the frequency domain representation of the data sample sequence 220, where each sample sequence can be assigned to a different set of resources (e.g., frequency domain resources). In some examples, the OFDM waveform generator 225 can send the OFDM waveform 230 to the first receiver via the first set of frequency resources.

[0086] Figure 3 An example of a waveform generation process 300 for supporting OFDM waveform generation via OOK modulation according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The waveform generation process 300 may be implemented by various aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the waveform generation process 300 may be implemented by a transmitter, a receiver, or any combination thereof, as described in reference to FIG. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some examples, the transmitter may use waveform generation process 300 to generate an OOK modulated OFDM waveform (eg, as described herein). Figure 2 An example of the OFDM waveform 230 ).

[0087] In some examples, a transmitter (e.g., a network entity or a UE) may modulate a group of bits into an OOK sample sequence using Manchester decoding. For example, the transmitter may send a Manchester code for each OFDM symbol allocated for transmitting an OFDM waveform 325 (e.g., an OOK modulated OFDM waveform). The transmitter may implement a Manchester code that uses repetition to modulate the group of bits into an OOK sample sequence 305-a of length M. In some examples, the OOK sample sequence 305-a may include zeros and ones representing the waveform 305-b. That is, the waveform 305-b may represent the Manchester code of each information bit in the OOK sample sequence 305-a.

[0088] In some aspects, the transmitter may modulate the OOK sample sequence 305-a based on a length of M=144 subcarriers, K=2, and a subcarrier spacing of 30kHz. That is, the OOK sample sequence 305-a may include the set of bits of length M (e.g., M subcarriers), wherein the on duration or off duration of the OOK sample sequence 305-a each has a length of M divided by 2 (e.g., M / K). For example, the OOK sample sequence 305-a may include two samples (e.g., K=2), wherein the first half of the OOK sample sequence 305-a may be represented as a non-zero sample sequence of length M / 2 samples (e.g., bits having a value of 1). In addition, the second half of the OOK sample sequence 305-a may be represented as a zero sample sequence of length M / 2 samples (e.g., bits having a value of 0).

[0089] Additionally, waveform 305-b may represent OOK sample sequence 305-a as a square wave having peak values ​​of 1 (e.g., representing bits of OOK sample sequence 305-a having values ​​of 1) and low values ​​of 0 (e.g., bits of OOK sample sequence 305-a having values ​​of 0). Thus, half of waveform 305-b may represent an on duration of OOK sample sequence 305-a, and the other half of waveform 305-b may represent an off duration of OOK sample sequence 305-a, where each half of the sequence may have a length of M divided by K samples. Thus, the on duration may correspond to a non-zero time-domain sample sequence 310-a, and the off duration may correspond to a zero time-domain sample sequence 310-b, where the non-zero time-domain sample sequence has a length equal to the length of the zero time-domain sample sequence 310-b (e.g., M / 2 samples).

[0090] In some cases, the transmitter may apply a transform 315 to the OOK sample sequence 305-a for wireless transmission to a first receiver (e.g., a first UE) within a first set of frequency resources. In some examples, the transform 315 may be a DFT (e.g., an M-point DFT) that may transform the OOK sample sequence 305-a from a time domain sample sequence to a frequency domain sample sequence. In some cases, the frequency domain sample sequence is a frequency domain representation of the OOK sample sequence 305-a.

[0091] In some examples, the transmitter may pass the sequence of frequency domain samples to OFDM waveform generator 320. OFDM waveform generator 320 may generate OFDM waveform 325 based on mapping the sequence of frequency domain samples to a first plurality of resource elements. In some cases, the first plurality of resource elements may be included in the first set of frequency resources. In some examples, OFDM waveform generator 320 may apply IDFT (e.g., N-point IFFT, IFFT, where N>M) to the sequence of frequency domain samples.

[0092] In some cases, OFDM waveform generator 320 may send an OFDM waveform 325 (e.g., an OOK modulated OFDM waveform) to a first receiver. In some examples, OFDM waveform 325 may correspond to waveform 305-b representing OOK sample sequence 305-a. In some aspects, OFDM waveform 325 may represent an example of a frequency domain sample sequence when passed through a low pass filter (LPF) and 4 MHz sub-sampling of the frequency domain sample sequence. In some examples, the first receiver may receive OFDM waveform 325 from a transmitter via a first set of frequency resources. In some examples, because the frequency domain sample sequence is mapped to specific resource elements of the first set of frequency resources, the bandwidth used to transmit OFDM waveform 325 is limited to these resource elements (e.g., a set of subcarriers). Using the techniques described herein, the OFDM waveform 325 can suppress leakage (e.g., causing interference) to other tones (e.g., frequency bands) or subcarriers outside of the bandwidth allocated to the OFDM waveform 325 because the OFDM waveform 325 can be limited to the M subcarriers to which the frequency domain sample sequence (e.g., the frequency representation of the OOK sample sequence 305) is allocated. In this way, the OOK sample sequence 305 can be transmitted in the OFDM waveform 325 while suppressing adverse interference with data transmitted in other frequencies of the OFDM waveform 325.

[0093] Figure 4 An example of waveform 400 and waveform 401 that support generation of an OOK modulated OFDM waveform according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, waveform 400 and waveform 401 can be implemented by aspects of wireless communication system 100. For example, a transmitter can generate an OOK modulated OFDM waveform based on an OOK sample sequence for transmission to a receiver, which waveform can be an example of waveform 400 and waveform 401.

[0094] In some examples, inserting one or more CPs can provide a more robust structure for waveform 400, thereby reducing delay spread and timing errors. In some examples, cyclic prefix insertion may cause inter-symbol interference (ISI) problems, where signals of the same frequency may interfere. In some cases, the receiver (e.g., UE) may not know the delay spread of the frequency channel and cause ISI problems. In some OFDM systems, the receiver may estimate the delay spread from the pilot transmission (e.g., demodulation reference signal (DMRS)) to compensate for the delay spread. Alternatively, in some systems where the transmitter sends an OOK signal and the receiver uses an envelope detector to decode such an OOK signal, the receiver may not be able to estimate the delay spread. In this way, the energy in the on duration of the OOK signal may leak into the off duration, resulting in a reduction in signal energy from the on duration and an increase in interference or energy level in the off duration, and thus reducing system performance.

[0095] The receiver may receive waveform 400 during receive window 425-a. Waveform 400 may include one or more on-off durations between boundaries 415. For example, the on duration may occur between boundary 415-a and boundary 415-b, and the off duration may occur between boundary 415-a and boundary 415-c. If waveform 400 is an OOK sample sequence and Manchester decoding is used, the receiver may detect a transition from an off duration to an on duration (e.g., at boundary 415-a and boundary 415-c) or a transition from an on duration to an off duration (e.g., at boundary 415-b). Based on identifying the transition, the receiver determines whether waveform 400 includes a bit with a value of 0 or 1 at a given time during receive window 425.

[0096] In order for the receiver to accurately detect such transitions in this manner, the receiver may have some indications about where the on-off transition may occur. That is, the receiver may rely on knowing the center of the OFDM symbol in which the waveform 400 is sent, which represents the transition between the on duration and the off duration of the waveform 400. However, the receiver may not know the delay spread associated with the waveform 400 as described herein, and therefore the receiver may not accurately detect the transition point. For example, at the boundary 415-a, it is expected that the waveform 400 changes from the off duration to the on duration. However, due to the delay spread, the on duration may start at a certain time after the boundary 415-a, and therefore there may be an energy leakage 405-a that loses energy during the on duration. In addition, it is expected that the waveform 400 changes from the on duration to the off duration at the boundary 415-b. However, the delay spread may cause an energy leakage 405-b from the on duration to the off duration (e.g., energy may leak from the on duration to the off duration), so that the power level of the on duration and the quality of the waveform 400 may be reduced. This reduced energy for the on duration may be repeated for the energy leak 405 - c , which may be delayed based on the transition from the off duration to the second on duration.

[0097] To prevent such energy leakage, as described herein, the transmitter may insert one or more samples having a zero value into the waveform 401 (e.g., an OOK sample sequence) for transmitting the waveform 401 during the receive window 425-b. For example, the transmitter may identify an on duration and an off duration of the OOK sample sequence (e.g., waveform 401), where the on duration is shorter than the off duration. The transmitter may then insert one or more zero samples (e.g., samples having a zero value) associated with the on duration of the waveform 401 associated with the cyclic prefix. In some cases, the length of the sequence of zero samples may be based on the cyclic prefix. In this way, inserting one or more zero samples may reduce energy leakage between the on and off durations of the waveform 401 based on leveling the energy to a peak or low level before the waveform 401 transitions to the on duration or the off duration.

[0098] In some examples, the transmitter may insert zero samples at the end of each on duration of waveform 401 before applying a transform (e.g., DFT) to waveform 401 as described herein (e.g., pre-DFT zero sample insertion). In some cases, the inserted zero samples may be associated with a cyclic prefix, where the length of the inserted zero samples may be equal to or greater than the cyclic prefix duration (e.g., a percentage of the number of subcarriers or samples occupied by waveform 401, X%*M zero samples). For example, waveform 401 may include a shortened on duration 410-a (e.g., corresponding to a bit having a value of 1) and then insert a zero sample sequence 420-a before boundary 415-d. The length of the zero sample sequence 420-a may be equal to or greater than the cyclic prefix duration. Boundary 415-d may represent a half-symbol boundary or the time when the on duration of the OOK sample sequence may transition to the off duration. Thus, by inserting a zero sample sequence after the shortened on duration 410-a, the transmitter can effectively cause the shortened on duration 410-a to transition to an off duration at the boundary 415-d. Alternatively, if Manchester decoding is used to modulate the waveform 401, the half-symbol boundary 415-d can follow Manchester decoding and effectively divide the OOK sample sequence into two parts, where the length of the sum of the shortened on duration 410-a and the zero sample sequence 420-a is equal to the length of the off duration.

[0099] Another portion of the waveform 401 may show a shortened on duration 410-b, and then insert a zero sample sequence 420-b to extend the on duration of the waveform 401 after the boundary 415-e. In some cases, the zero sample sequence 420-b may have a length equal to or greater than the cyclic prefix duration. The boundary 415-e may represent a half-symbol boundary or the time when the off duration of the OOK sample sequence can be transformed into an on duration. In this way, by inserting a zero sample sequence after the shortened on duration 410-b, the transmitter can prevent energy from leaking from the on duration. Alternatively, if Manchester decoding is used to modulate the waveform 401, the half-symbol boundary 415-e may follow Manchester decoding and effectively divide the OOK sample sequence into two parts, wherein the length of the shortened on duration 410-b and the zero sample sequence 420-b is equal to the length of the previous off duration.

[0100] In some examples, the transmitter may generate waveform 401 such that waveform 401 is a bandwidth-limited OOK signal with a shortened on-duration 410. For example, for example, Figure 5For the OOK signal with a typical on-duration, the transmitter may convert the initial time-domain OOK signal (e.g., an ideal time-domain sample sequence) with a shortened on-duration into the frequency domain (e.g., using DFT, FFT) to obtain a frequency-domain OOK signal with a shortened on-duration. The transmitter may shift the center of the frequency-domain OOK signal to the center of a set of resources allocated for waveform 401 and zero any frequency-domain signal outside the set of allocated resources. In some examples, the transmitter may convert the frequency-domain OOK signal back to the time domain (e.g., using IDFT, IFFT), where the time-domain OOK signal may represent a bandwidth-limited OOK signal.

[0101] Additionally or alternatively, a zero sample sequence 420 may be inserted before the on-duration of the OOK sample sequence. That is, the transmitter may insert a first sequence of zero samples at the end of the shortened on-duration 410 and a second sequence of zero samples at the beginning of the shortened on-duration 410, or both. In other words, the transmitter may insert a certain zero sample sequence 420 into the beginning of the shortened on-duration 410 such that half of a certain amount of Z zero samples are inserted before and after the shortened on-duration 410 (e.g., Z / 2% zero samples are inserted at the beginning of the shortened on-duration 410 and Z / 2% zero samples are inserted at the end of the shortened on-duration 410).

[0102] In some examples, the transmitter may insert a sequence of zero samples 420 associated with a cyclic prefix in different ways. For example, the transmitter may insert a cyclic prefix into the waveform 401 by copying the end Y% of a time domain OOK sample sequence (e.g., a post-IDFT or post-IFFT OFDM signal) to the beginning of the OOK sample sequence. In the case where the OOK sample sequence is FDMed with other conventional OFDM signals, the receiver may insert the cyclic prefix before or after the time domain sample sequence (e.g., post-IDFT or post-IFFT OFDM signal) of the multiplexed signal. For example, the on duration of the OOK sample sequence may include bits with zero values ​​added to the beginning of a symbol period of the frequency domain sample sequence (e.g., a symbol period may read 0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0). The transmitter may use an IDFT to return the frequency domain sample sequence to a time domain representation and generate OFDM waveforms for both OOK-based signals and non-OOK-based signals. In this way, when the OOK signal is multiplexed with other non-OOK signals (eg, conventional OFDM signals), the transmitter may first generate the multiplexed OOK signal and OFDM signal (eg, by Figure 2 The OFDM waveform generator 225 described above then adds the cyclic prefix jointly to the multiplexed signal. Using this approach, the transmitter can perform cyclic prefix insertion for the OOK modulated OFDM waveform just as it does for a conventional OFDM waveform.

[0103] In some examples, the transmitter may transform waveform 401 (e.g., including one or more shortened on durations 410, one or more zero sample sequences 420, and one or more off durations) into a frequency domain representation of an OOK sample sequence, such as a frequency domain sample sequence. The transmitter may then pass waveform 401 to an OFDM waveform generator, which may generate an OOK modulated OFDM waveform for transmission to a receiver during a symbol period and using a transmit power. In some cases, the transmit power level may be normalized so that the total energy remains the same during the on duration (e.g., similar to the case where the zero sample sequence 420 is not implemented). In some examples, the transmit power may be based on the length of the on and off durations of the OOK sample sequence. For example, the transmitter may transmit an OFDM waveform during a symbol period at a transmit power level based on the length of the on duration of waveform 401 and the length of the off duration of waveform 401. In some aspects, the transmit power level may be an average transmit power level that can be normalized by a target transmit power value based on the length of the on duration relative to the length of the off duration.

[0104] Figure 5 An example of an OOK signal 500 supporting generation of an OOK modulated OFDM waveform according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the OOK signal 500 may be an OOK-based OFDM waveform that is generated to represent an ideal OOK signal. For example, a transmitter may use an OFDM waveform generator (e.g., such as that described herein with reference to Figure 2 The OFDM waveform generator 225) is used to generate the OOK signal 500 which may have a limited bandwidth.

[0105] In some examples, the transmitter may generate an OOK sample sequence (e.g., a time-domain OOK signal having on-durations and off-durations of equal length) with a restricted (e.g., finite) bandwidth. That is, although the transmitter may generate an OOK sample sequence similar to an OOK signal (e.g., an ideal OOK signal), the transmitter may limit the bandwidth of the OOK sample sequence rather than using the infinite bandwidth characteristic of the OOK signal.

[0106] In some examples, the OOK signal 505 can correspond to a step function or a square wave function (e.g., an ideal step function) that includes a sudden transition from one value to another value (e.g., from a high value to a low value, from a low value to a high value). For example, the time-domain OOK samples of the OOK signal 505 can have a size equal to the IFFT size (e.g., IDFT size) applied to the OOK signal 505 (e.g., as described herein with reference to Figure 2The length of the DFT) applied to the frequency domain sample sequence by the OFDM waveform generator 225. For example, the time domain OOK samples may correspond to a length N instead of a length M, where M may represent the size of the allocated bandwidth and N may represent the size of the DFT or FFT applied to the time domain OOK samples.

[0107] In some cases, the transmitter may apply a transform to the OOK signal 505 to convert it from a time domain OOK sequence to a frequency domain signal 510. The transform may include a DFT or an FFT. Based on the transform, the frequency domain signal 510 may have a length N, which may include a first set of frequency resources (e.g., resource elements, resource blocks) allocated for the OOK signal 505 and other signals (e.g., regular data for other users). In this way, the transmitter may generate a signal including the OOK signal 505 as described herein. Figure 2 The third frequency domain sample sequence of the frequency domain sample sequence described above. That is, the transmitter can transform the OOK signal 505 from the time domain to the frequency domain. In the case of an OOK signal, the frequency domain signal 510 (with infinite bandwidth) can correspond to a pulse signal with sidelobe ripples extending at all frequencies above and below the pulse.

[0108] Then, the transmitter may shift the center of the frequency domain signal 510 (e.g., the transition point between the on duration and the off duration of the OOK sample sequence) to the center of the allocated bandwidth and zero the signal components outside the allocated bandwidth to generate a shifted frequency domain signal 515. That is, the transmitter may shift the center of the frequency domain signal 510 to align with the center of the first plurality of resource elements and remove one or more samples of the third frequency domain signal 510 that appear outside the plurality of resource elements after the shift to generate the shifted frequency domain signal 515. After zeroing the frequency domain signal outside the allocated bandwidth (e.g., the first plurality of resource elements), the remaining shifted frequency domain signal 515 may include only M non-zero values ​​in frequency, where M may represent one side of the allocated bandwidth (e.g., the number of allocated resource elements). In this way, the transmitter may effectively limit the bandwidth of the OOK signal 505 by centering the OOK sample sequence in the first plurality of resource elements corresponding to the first plurality of frequency resources and limiting any signaling outside the allocated bandwidth. At this time, due to the shift, the pulses of the OOK signal 505 (eg, the initial OOK signal) may be shifted, and any sidelobe ripples outside the allocated bandwidth may be removed.

[0109] The transmitter may convert the shifted frequency domain signal 515 back to the time domain so that the OFDM waveform generator may generate the now possibly bandwidth-limited OFDM waveform 520. When converted back to a time domain signal, the OFDM waveform 520 may be represented as a wavy step-like function that does not have the same sharp transitions as in a pure (e.g., ideal) step function and is confined within the allocated bandwidth (e.g., as a bandwidth-limited waveform).

[0110] Figure 6 An example of a process flow 600 for supporting OFDM waveform generation via OOK modulation according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the process flow 600 may be implemented as described in reference Figure 1 – Figure 3 Aspects of the wireless communication system 100 and waveform generation processes 200 and 300 described above may be implemented by or as described herein. For example, process flow 600 illustrates communication between a transmitter 605, a receiver 610-a (e.g., a first receiver), and a receiver 610-b (e.g., a second receiver), which may be referred to as Figure 1 – Figure 3 Examples of corresponding devices described. For example, transmitter 605 can be a network entity or a UE, and receiver 610 can be a network entity or a UE. In some aspects, transmitter 605 can support OOK-based OFDM waveform generation for transmission to receiver 610-a or receiver 610-b. In the following description of process flow 600, operations between transmitter 605 and receiver 610 can be performed in different orders or at different times. Some operations can also be excluded from process flow 600, or other operations can be added. Although transmitter 605 and receiver 610 are shown as performing operations of process flow 600, some aspects of some operations can also be performed by one or more other wireless devices.

[0111] At 615, the transmitter 605 may modulate a set of bits into an OOK sample sequence for wireless transmission to the first receiver within the first set of frequency resources. In some examples, the OOK sample sequence may include a time domain sample sequence of bits (e.g., 0s and 1s), where the value of the bit may represent an on duration (e.g., a bit having a value of 1) or an off duration (e.g., a bit having a value of 0). Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 605 may use a Manchester decoding method to modulate the information bits in the set of bits into the OOK sample sequence.

[0112] At 620, the transmitter may apply a transform to the sequence of OOK samples to generate a sequence of frequency domain samples that is a frequency domain representation of the sequence of OOK samples. In some cases, the transform may include a DFT.

[0113] At 625, the transmitter 605 may map the sequence of frequency domain samples to a first plurality of resource elements in the first set of frequency resources. For example, the transmitter 605 may map the sequence of frequency domain samples to one or more subcarriers of the first set of frequency resources, which may be allocated for transmission to the receiver 610-a.

[0114] At 630, if it is a first set of frequency resources, the transmitter 605 may insert guard band samples into one or more resource elements located on either side of a set of multiple resource elements. In some examples, the guard band may span one or more subcarriers of the first set of frequency resources. That is, the guard band samples may be inserted before and after the sequence of frequency domain samples. In some examples, the OFDM waveform generator may use the guard band samples to generate an OFDM waveform.

[0115] At 635, transmitter 605 may receive a sequence of data samples for transmission to receiver 610-b within a second set of frequency resources different from the first set of frequency resources. The sequence of data samples may include a conventional OFDM signal or other data that may be multiplexed with an OFDM waveform.

[0116] At 640, the transmitter 605 may generate an OFDM waveform based on mapping the frequency domain sample sequence to the set of multiple resource elements in the first set of frequency resources. In some examples, the OFDM waveform generator may apply an IDFT (e.g., or an IFFT) to the frequency domain sample sequence to generate an OFDM waveform (e.g., by transforming the OOK sample sequence from the frequency domain back to the time domain). Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 605 may apply a second transform such as an IFFT to the frequency domain sample sequence and the data sample sequence to generate a time domain representation of the multiplexed signal. In this way, the OFDM waveform generator may generate an OFDM waveform based on adding a cyclic prefix to the time domain representation of the multiplexed signal to generate an OFDM waveform. In some examples, the OFDM waveform generator may further add a cyclic prefix by copying the end portion of the IFFT output and repeating the end portion at the beginning of the generated OFDM waveform. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 605 may generate an OFDM waveform based on inserting guard band samples.

[0117] At 645, the transmitter 605 may transmit an OFDM waveform to the receiver 610-a via the first set of frequency resources. In some implementations, the transmitter 605 may transmit the OFDM waveform using a transmit power level based on the length of the on and off duration of the OOK sample sequence. Alternatively, the transmit power level may be normalized with a target transmit power value.

[0118] Figure 7A block diagram 700 of a device 705 supporting OFDM waveform generation via OOK modulation according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a transmitter as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communication manager 720. The device 705 may also include one or more processors, a memory coupled to the one or more processors, and instructions stored in the memory that can be executed by the one or more processors to enable the one or more processors to perform the OFDM generation features discussed herein. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0119] Receiver 710 may provide means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be passed to other components of device 705. In some examples, receiver 710 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 710 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0120] The transmitter 715 may provide means for outputting (e.g., sending, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, the transmitter 715 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 715 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 715 and the receiver 710 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include a modem or be coupled to a modem.

[0121] The communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of OOK modulated OFDM waveform generation as described herein. For example, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof or components thereof may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0122] In some examples, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The hardware may include a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof that is configured as or otherwise supports components for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, a processor and a memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in the memory by the processor).

[0123] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured or otherwise supported to perform the functions described in the present disclosure).

[0124] In some examples, the communication manager 720 can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, send) using or otherwise cooperating with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communication manager 720 can receive information from the receiver 710, transmit information to the transmitter 715, or integrate with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0125] According to examples as disclosed herein, the communication manager 720 may support wireless communication at a transmitter. For example, the communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support components for modulating a set of bits into an OOK sample sequence for wireless transmission to a first receiver within a first set of frequency resources. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support components for applying a transform to the OOK sample sequence to generate a frequency domain sample sequence as a frequency domain representation of the OOK sample sequence. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support components for generating an OFDM waveform based on mapping the frequency domain sample sequence to a first set of multiple resource elements within the first set of frequency resources. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending an OFDM waveform to a first receiver via a first set of frequency resources.

[0126] By including or configuring a communication manager 720 according to examples as described herein, the device 705 (e.g., a processor controlling or otherwise coupled to the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communication manager 720, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for OOK modulated OFDM waveform generation that may reduce power consumption, minimize the PAPR of the OFDM signal, and increase spectral efficiency.

[0127] Figure 8 A block diagram 800 of a device 805 supporting OFDM waveform generation via OOK modulation according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 805 may be an example of aspects of the device 705 or a transmitter (e.g., UE 115) as described herein. The device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communication manager 820. The device 805 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0128] The receiver 810 may provide means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be passed to other components of the device 805. In some examples, the receiver 810 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the receiver 810 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0129] The transmitter 815 may provide means for outputting (e.g., sending, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of the device 805. For example, the transmitter 815 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, the transmitter 815 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 815 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 815 and the receiver 810 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include a modem or be coupled to a modem.

[0130] The device 805 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of OOK modulated OFDM waveform generation as described herein. For example, the communication manager 820 may include an OOK signal component 825, a transform component 830, a mapping component 835, an OFDM waveform component 840, or any combination thereof. The communication manager 820 may be an example of various aspects of the communication manager 720 as described herein. In some examples, the communication manager 820 or its various components may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, send). For example, the communication manager 820 may receive information from the receiver 810, transmit information to the transmitter 815, or be integrated with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0131] According to examples as disclosed herein, the communication manager 820 may support wireless communication at a transmitter. The OOK signal component 825 may be configured to or otherwise support components for modulating a set of bits into an OOK sample sequence for wireless transmission to a first receiver within a first set of frequency resources. The transform component 830 may be configured to or otherwise support components for applying a transform to the OOK sample sequence to generate a frequency domain sample sequence as a frequency domain representation of the OOK sample sequence. The mapping component 835 may be configured to or otherwise support components for generating an OFDM waveform based on mapping the frequency domain sample sequence to a first set of multiple resource elements within the first set of frequency resources. The OFDM waveform component 840 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending an OFDM waveform to a first receiver via a first set of frequency resources.

[0132] In some cases, the OOK signal component 825, the transform component 830, the mapping component 835, and the OFDM waveform component 840 can each be a processor (e.g., a transceiver processor, or a radio processor, or a transmitter processor, or a receiver processor) or at least a portion of a processor. The processor can be coupled to a memory and execute instructions stored in the memory, which enable the processor to perform or facilitate the features of the OOK signal component 825, the transform component 830, the mapping component 835, and the OFDM waveform component 840 discussed herein. The transceiver processor can be co-located with and / or communicate with (e.g., direct its operation) a transceiver of the device. The radio processor can be co-located with and / or communicate with (e.g., direct the operation of) a radio of the device (e.g., an NR radio, an LTE radio, a Wi-Fi radio). The transmitter processor can be co-located with and / or communicate with (e.g., direct its operation) a transmitter of the device. The receiver processor can be co-located with and / or communicate with (e.g., direct its operation) a receiver of the device.

[0133] Fig. 9 A block diagram 900 of a communication manager 920 supporting OOK modulated OFDM waveform generation according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communication manager 920 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 720, the communication manager 820, or both as described herein. The communication manager 920 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of OOK modulated OFDM waveform generation as described herein. For example, the communication manager 920 may include an OOK signal component 925, a transform component 930, a mapping component 935, an OFDM waveform component 940, a data sample component 945, a guard band component 950, an IDFT component 955, a Manchester decoding component 960, a cyclic prefix component 965, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0134] According to examples as disclosed herein, the communication manager 920 may support wireless communication at a transmitter. The OOK signal component 925 may be configured to or otherwise support components for modulating a set of bits into an OOK sample sequence for wireless transmission to a first receiver within a first set of frequency resources. The transform component 930 may be configured to or otherwise support components for applying a transform to the OOK sample sequence to generate a frequency domain sample sequence as a frequency domain representation of the OOK sample sequence. The mapping component 935 may be configured to or otherwise support components for generating an OFDM waveform based on mapping the frequency domain sample sequence to a first set of multiple resource elements within the first set of frequency resources. The OFDM waveform component 940 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending an OFDM waveform to a first receiver via a first set of frequency resources.

[0135] In some examples, data sample component 945 may be configured or otherwise support components for receiving a sequence of data samples for transmission to a second receiver within a second set of frequency resources different from the first set of frequency resources. In some examples, transform component 930 may be configured or otherwise support components for applying a second transform to the sequence of frequency domain samples and the sequence of data samples to generate a time domain representation of the multiplexed signal. In some examples, mapping component 935 may be configured or otherwise support components for generating an OFDM waveform based on adding a cyclic prefix to the time domain representation of the multiplexed signal.

[0136] In some examples, to support generating an OFDM waveform, guard band component 950 may be configured or otherwise support components for generating an OFDM waveform based on inserting guard band samples into one or more resource elements positioned on either side of the first plurality of resource elements.

[0137] In some examples, to support applying the transform, transform component 930 may be configured as or otherwise support means for applying a DFT to the OOK sample sequence to generate a frequency domain sample sequence.

[0138] In some examples, to support generating an OFDM waveform, IDFT component 955 may be configured or otherwise support means for applying an IDFT to a sequence of frequency domain samples to generate an OFDM waveform.

[0139] In some examples, to support modulation of the set of bits into the OOK sample sequence, OOK signal component 925 can be configured or otherwise support means for identifying an on duration and an off duration of the OOK sample sequence based on the set of bits.

[0140] In some examples, to support modulation of the set of bits into a sequence of OOK samples, Manchester decoding component 960 may be configured or otherwise support means for modulating information bits in the set of bits into a sequence of OOK samples using Manchester decoding.

[0141] In some examples, the cyclic prefix component 965 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for identifying an on duration of an on-off keying sample sequence and an off duration of an on-off keying sample sequence, wherein the on duration is shorter than the off duration. In some examples, the cyclic prefix component 965 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for inserting a first sequence of one or more samples having a zero value at the end of the on duration of the OOK sample sequence, inserting a second sequence of one or more samples having a zero value at the beginning of the on duration, or performing both operations. In some examples, the lengths of the first sequence and the second sequence are based at least in part on the cyclic prefix.

[0142] In some examples, to support transmitting the OFDM waveform, OFDM waveform component 940 may be configured or otherwise support components for transmitting the OFDM waveform during a symbol period at a transmit power level based on a length of an on duration of the OOK sample sequence and a length of an off duration of the OOK sample sequence. In some examples, the transmit power level is an average transmit power level normalized according to a target transmit power value based on a length of the on duration relative to a length of the off duration.

[0143] In some examples, the transform component 930 may be configured to or otherwise support means for applying a transform to the on-off keying sample sequence to generate a third frequency domain sample sequence comprising the frequency domain sample sequence. In some examples, the mapping component 935 may be configured to or otherwise support means for shifting the center of the third frequency domain sample sequence to align with the center of the first plurality of resource elements and removing one or more samples of the third frequency domain sample sequence that appear outside the first plurality of resource elements after the shift to generate the frequency domain sample sequence.

[0144] In some examples, the OOK sample sequence corresponds to a first length, and wherein the on duration of the OOK sample sequence includes a sequence of samples having a non-zero value of a second length, the second length being a fraction of the first length. In some examples, the off duration of the OOK sample sequence includes a sequence of samples having a zero value.

[0145] In some cases, OOK signal component 925, transform component 930, mapping component 935, OFDM waveform component 940, data sample component 945, guard band component 950, IDFT component 955, Manchester decoding component 960, and cyclic prefix component 965 can each be a processor (e.g., a transceiver processor, or a radio processor, or a transmitter processor, or a receiver processor) or at least a portion of a processor. The processor can be coupled to a memory and execute instructions stored in the memory, which enable the processor to perform or facilitate the features of OOK signal component 925, transform component 930, mapping component 935, OFDM waveform component 940, data sample component 945, guard band component 950, IDFT component 955, Manchester decoding component 960, and cyclic prefix component 965 discussed herein.

[0146] Fig.10 A diagram of a system 1000 including a device 1005 supporting OFDM waveform generation via OOK modulation according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1005 may be an example of a device 705, a device 805, or a transmitter as described herein or may include components of these devices. The device 1005 may include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for sending and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 1020, a transceiver 1010, an antenna 1015, a memory 1025, a code 1030, and a processor 1035. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1040).

[0147] The transceiver 1010 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both, as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1010 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1010 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1005 may include one or more antennas 1015, which may be capable of sending or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently). The transceiver 1010 may also include a modem for modulating a signal, for providing a modulated signal for transmission (e.g., via one or more antennas 1015, via a wired transmitter), for receiving a modulated signal (e.g., from one or more antennas 1015, from a wired receiver), and for demodulating a signal. In some implementations, the transceiver 1010 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1015 configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1015 configured to support various sending or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1010 may include or be configured to be coupled to one or more processors or memory components, which are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1010, or the transceiver 1010 and one or more antennas 1015, or the transceiver 1010 and one or more antennas 1015 and one or more processors or memory components (e.g., processor 1035 or memory 1025 or both) may be included in a chip or chip assembly installed in the device 1005. In some examples, the transceiver may be operable to support communications via one or more communication links (eg, communication link 125, backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, fronthaul communication link 168).

[0148] The memory 1025 may include RAM and ROM. The memory 1025 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1030 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1035, cause the device 1005 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1030 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as a system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1030 may not be directly executable by the processor 1035, but may (for example, when compiled and executed) cause the computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 1025 may also include a BIOS, etc., which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0149] Processor 1035 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 1035 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 1035. Processor 1035 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1025) to enable device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks that support OFDM waveform generation via OOK modulation). For example, device 1005 or a component of device 1005 may include processor 1035 and memory 1025 coupled to processor 1035, the processor 1035 and memory 1025 being configured to perform the various functions described herein. The processor 1035 may be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as an operating system, a virtual machine, or a container instance) that can host functions (e.g., by executing code 1030) to perform functions of the device 1005. The processor 1035 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1005 (such as in the memory 1025). In some specific implementations, the processor 1035 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally refer to a system or a series of machines or components that receive inputs and process these inputs to generate a set of outputs (which may be passed to, for example, other systems or components of the device 1005). For example, the processing system of the device 1005 may refer to a system including various other components or subcomponents of the device 1005 (such as the processor 1035, or the transceiver 1010, or the communication manager 1020, or other components or combinations of components of the device 1005). The processing system of device 1005 can be docked with other components of device 1005, and can process information (such as input or signal) received from other components or output information to other components. For example, the chip or modem of device 1005 may include a processing system and one or more interfaces for outputting information or for obtaining information or both. One or more interfaces may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to obtain information, or the same interface configured to output information and obtain information, as well as other specific implementations. In some specific implementations, one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between a processing system of a chip or modem and a transmitter, so that device 1005 can send information output from a chip or modem. Additionally or alternatively, in some specific implementations, one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between a processing system of a chip or modem and a receiver, so that device 1005 can obtain information or signal input, and the information can be passed to the processing system.One of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the first interface may also obtain information or signal input, and the second interface may also output information or signal output.

[0150] In some examples, bus 1040 may support communications of a protocol layer (e.g., within a protocol layer) of a protocol stack. In some examples, bus 1040 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack), which may include communications performed within a component of device 1005, or communications performed between different components of device 1005 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where device 1005 may refer to a system in which one or more of communication manager 1020, transceiver 1010, memory 1025, code 1030, and processor 1035 may be located in one of the different components or divided between the different components).

[0151] In some examples, the communication manager 1020 may manage aspects of communications with the core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links). For example, the communication manager 1020 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communication manager 1020 may manage communications with other network entities 105 and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with the UE 115 in collaboration with the other network entities 105. In some examples, the communication manager 1020 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communications between network entities 105.

[0152] According to examples as disclosed herein, the communication manager 1020 may support wireless communication at a transmitter. For example, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support components for modulating a set of bits into an OOK sample sequence for wireless transmission to a first receiver within a first set of frequency resources. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support components for applying a transform to the OOK sample sequence to generate a frequency domain sample sequence as a frequency domain representation of the OOK sample sequence. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support components for generating an OFDM waveform based on mapping the frequency domain sample sequence to a first set of multiple resource elements within the first set of frequency resources. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending an OFDM waveform to a first receiver via a first set of frequency resources.

[0153] By including or configuring the communication manager 1020 according to examples as described herein, the device 1005 can support techniques for OOK modulated OFDM waveform generation that can reduce power consumption, minimize the PAPR of the OFDM signal, and increase spectral efficiency.

[0154] In some examples, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the transceiver 1010, one or more antennas 1015 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1020 may be supported or performed by the transceiver 1010, the processor 1035, the memory 1025, the code 1030, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1030 may include instructions that are executable by the processor 1035 to cause the device 1005 to perform various aspects of OOK modulated OFDM waveform generation as described herein, or the processor 1035 and the memory 1025 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0155] Fig.11 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 for generating an OFDM waveform supporting OOK modulation according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a transmitter or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a transmitter or components thereof as described in reference to Figures 1 to 10 In some examples, the transmitter may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the transmitter to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0156] At 1105, the method may include modulating a set of bits into an OOK sample sequence for wireless transmission to a first receiver within a first set of frequency resources. The operations of 1105 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The OOK signal component 925 is used to perform.

[0157] At 1110, the method may include applying a transform to the OOK sample sequence to generate a frequency domain sample sequence that is a frequency domain representation of the OOK sample sequence. The operations of 1110 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The transformation component 930 is used to perform the above.

[0158] At 1115, the method may include generating an OFDM waveform based on mapping the frequency domain sample sequence to a first plurality of resource elements within a first set of frequency resources. The operations of 1115 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1115 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The mapping component 935 is used to perform.

[0159] At 1120, the method may include sending an OFDM waveform to a first receiver via a first set of frequency resources. The operations of 1120 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1120 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The OFDM waveform component 940 is implemented.

[0160] Fig.12 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 for generating an OFDM waveform supporting OOK modulation according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a transmitter or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a transmitter or components thereof as described in reference to Figures 1 to 10 In some examples, the transmitter may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the transmitter to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0161] At 1205, the method may include modulating a set of bits into an OOK sample sequence for wireless transmission to a first receiver within a first set of frequency resources. The operations of 1205 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The OOK signal component 925 is used to perform.

[0162] At 1210, the method may include applying a transform to the OOK sample sequence to generate a frequency domain sample sequence that is a frequency domain representation of the OOK sample sequence. The operations of 1210 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The transformation component 930 is used to perform the above.

[0163] At 1215, the method may include receiving a sequence of data samples for transmission to a second receiver within a second set of frequency resources different from the first set of frequency resources. The operations of 1215 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1215 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The data sample component 945 is executed.

[0164] At 1220, the method may include applying a second transform to the frequency domain sample sequence and the data sample sequence to generate a time domain representation of the multiplexed signal. The operations of 1220 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1220 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The transformation component 930 is used to perform the above.

[0165] At 1225, the method may include generating an OFDM waveform based on mapping the frequency domain sample sequence to a first plurality of resource elements within the first set of frequency resources and mapping the data sample sequence to a second plurality of resource elements within the second set of frequency resources. The operations of 1225 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1225 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The mapping component 935 is used to perform.

[0166] At 1230, the method may include sending an OFDM waveform to a first receiver via a first set of frequency resources. The operations of 1230 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1230 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The OFDM waveform component 940 is implemented.

[0167] Fig.13 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1300 for generating an OFDM waveform supporting OOK modulation according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a transmitter or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a transmitter or components thereof as described in reference to Figures 1 to 10 In some examples, the transmitter may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the transmitter to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0168] At 1305, the method may include modulating a set of bits into an OOK sample sequence for wireless transmission to a first receiver within a first set of frequency resources. The operations of 1305 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The OOK signal component 925 is used to perform.

[0169] At 1310, the method may include applying a transform to the OOK sample sequence to generate a frequency domain sample sequence that is a frequency domain representation of the OOK sample sequence. The operations of 1310 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The transformation component 930 is used to perform the above.

[0170] At 1315, the method may include generating an OFDM waveform based on inserting guard band samples into one or more resource elements positioned on either side of the first plurality of resource elements. The operations of 1315 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1315 may be performed as described in reference Fig. 9 The guard band component 950 is implemented.

[0171] At 1320, the method may include sending an OFDM waveform to a first receiver via a first set of frequency resources. The operations of 1320 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1320 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The OFDM waveform component 940 is implemented.

[0172] The following provides an overview of various aspects of the disclosure:

[0173] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a transmitter, the method comprising: modulating a set of bits into an OOK sample sequence for wireless transmission to a first receiver within a first set of frequency resources; applying a transform to the OOK sample sequence to generate a frequency domain sample sequence that is a frequency domain representation of the OOK sample sequence; generating an OFDM waveform based at least in part on mapping the frequency domain sample sequence to a first plurality of resource elements within the first set of frequency resources; and transmitting the OFDM waveform to the first receiver via the first set of frequency resources.

[0174] Aspect 2: According to the method of Aspect 1, the method also includes: receiving a data sample sequence for transmission to a second receiver within a second group of frequency resources different from the first group of frequency resources; applying a second transform to the frequency domain sample sequence and the data sample sequence to generate a time domain representation of a multiplexed signal; and generating the OFDM waveform based at least in part on adding a cyclic prefix to the time domain representation of the multiplexed signal.

[0175] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 2, wherein generating the OFDM waveform comprises: generating the OFDM waveform based at least in part on inserting guard band samples into one or more resource elements positioned on either side of the first plurality of resource elements.

[0176] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein applying the transform comprises: applying DFT to the OOK sample sequence to generate the frequency domain sample sequence.

[0177] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein generating the OFDM waveform comprises: applying IDFT to the frequency domain sample sequence to generate the OFDM waveform.

[0178] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, wherein modulating the set of bits into the OOK sample sequence includes: identifying an on duration and an off duration of the OOK sample sequence based at least in part on the set of bits.

[0179] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein modulating the group of bits into the OOK sample sequence includes: modulating the information bits in the group of bits into the OOK sample sequence using Manchester decoding.

[0180] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, further comprising: identifying an on duration of the OOK sample sequence and an off duration of the OOK sample sequence, wherein the on duration is shorter than the off duration.

[0181] Aspect 9: According to the method described in Aspect 8, the method also includes: inserting a first sequence of one or more samples having a zero value at the end of the connection duration of the OOK sample sequence, inserting a second sequence of one or more samples having a zero value at the beginning of the connection duration, or performing both operations.

[0182] Aspect 10: The method according to aspect 9, wherein the lengths of the first sequence and the second sequence are based at least in part on a cyclic prefix.

[0183] Aspect 11: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, wherein sending the OFDM waveform further comprises: sending the OFDM waveform during a symbol period at a transmission power level that is at least partially based on the length of the on-duration of the OOK sample sequence and the length of the off-duration of the OOK sample sequence.

[0184] Aspect 12: The method according to aspect 11, wherein the transmit power level is an average transmit power level normalized according to a target transmit power value based at least in part on the length of the on duration relative to the length of the off duration.

[0185] Aspect 13: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the OOK sample sequence corresponds to a first length, and wherein the on-duration of the OOK sample sequence includes a sequence of samples having non-zero values ​​of a second length, the second length being a portion of the first length.

[0186] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13, wherein the disconnected duration of the OOK sample sequence comprises a sequence of samples having a zero value.

[0187] Aspect 15: An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitter, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 14.

[0188] Aspect 16: An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitter, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14.

[0189] Aspect 17: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a transmitter, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14.

[0190] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the various operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more methods may be combined.

[0191] Although aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for example purposes, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein may also be applicable to networks other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the techniques described may be applicable to various other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0192] The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the specification may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0193] The various illustrative blocks and components described in conjunction with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0194] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or codes of a computer-readable medium, or sent using one or more instructions or codes of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and specific implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hard wiring, or a combination of any of these items. Features that implement the functions may also be physically located at different locations, including being distributed so that the functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0195] Computer-readable medium includes both non-transient computer storage medium and communication medium, and the communication medium includes any medium that promotes computer program to be transferred from one location to another location.Non-transient storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by general or special-purpose computer.By way of example and not limitation, non-transient computer-readable medium can include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage device, disk storage device or other magnetic storage device, or can be used for carrying or storing desired program code parts and can be accessed by general or special-purpose computer or general or special-purpose processor in the form of instruction or data structure Any other non-transient medium.Moreover, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer-readable medium.For example, if software is sent from website, server or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. As used herein, disks and optical disks include CDs, laser disks, optical disks, digital versatile disks (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray disks. Disks can reproduce data magnetically, and optical disks can reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0196] As used herein (including in the claims), "or" used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items followed by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive list, so that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). In addition, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" can be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on."

[0197] The term "determining" encompasses a variety of actions, and thus, "determining" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, database or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. Furthermore, "determining" may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in a memory), etc. Additionally, "determining" may include parsing, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.

[0198] In the drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference label. In addition, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label with a dash and a second label to distinguish between the similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description may apply to any of the similar components having the same first reference label, regardless of the second or other subsequent reference labels.

[0199] The descriptions set forth herein in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describe example configurations and do not represent all examples that may be implemented or within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "used as an example, instance, or illustration," rather than "preferred" or "having advantages over other examples." The specific embodiments include specific details to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0200] The description herein is provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to implement or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitter, the apparatus comprising: processor; a memory coupled to the processor; as well as instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: modulating a set of bits into a sequence of on-off keyed samples for wireless transmission to a first receiver within a first set of frequency resources; applying a transform to the on-off keying sample sequence to generate a frequency domain sample sequence that is a frequency domain representation of the on-off keying sample sequence; generating an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing waveform based at least in part on mapping the sequence of frequency domain samples to a first plurality of resource elements within the first set of frequency resources; as well as The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing waveform is transmitted to the first receiver via the first set of frequency resources.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: receiving a sequence of data samples for transmission to a second receiver within a second set of frequency resources different from the first set of frequency resources; applying a second transform to the sequence of frequency domain samples and the sequence of data samples to generate a time domain representation of a multiplexed signal; and The orthogonal frequency division multiplexed waveform is generated based at least in part on adding a cyclic prefix to the time domain representation of the multiplexed signal.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to generate the OFDM waveform by being executable by the processor to: The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing waveform is generated based at least in part on inserting guard band samples into one or more resource elements positioned on either side of the first plurality of resource elements.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to apply the transformation by being executable by the processor to: A discrete Fourier transform is applied to the sequence of on-off keyed samples to generate the sequence of frequency domain samples.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to generate the OFDM waveform by being executable by the processor to: An inverse discrete Fourier transform is applied to the sequence of frequency domain samples to generate the OFDM waveform.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to modulate the set of bits into the on-off keying sample sequence by being executable by the processor to: An on duration and an off duration of the sequence of on-off keying samples are identified based at least in part on the set of bits.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to modulate the set of bits into the on-off keying sample sequence by being executable by the processor to: Information bits in the group of bits are modulated into the sequence of on-off keying samples using Manchester decoding.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: An on duration of the on-off keying sample sequence and an off duration of the on-off keying sample sequence are identified, wherein the on duration is shorter than the off duration.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: A first sequence of one or more samples having zero values ​​is inserted at the end of the on-duration of the on-off keying sample sequence, a second sequence of one or more samples having the zero values ​​is inserted at the beginning of the on-duration, or both.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the lengths of the first sequence and the second sequence are based at least in part on a cyclic prefix.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to transmit the OFDM waveform by being further executable by the processor to: The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing waveform is transmitted during a symbol period at a transmit power level based at least in part on a length of an on duration of the sequence of on-off keying samples and a length of an off duration of the sequence of on-off keying samples.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the transmit power level is an average transmit power level normalized according to a target transmit power value based at least in part on the length of the on duration relative to the length of the off duration.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions for applying the transform to the sequence of on-off keying samples to generate the sequence of frequency domain samples are further executable by the processor to: applying the transform to the on-off keying sample sequence to generate a third frequency domain sample sequence comprising the frequency domain sample sequence; and The center of the third frequency domain sample sequence is shifted to be aligned with the center of the first plurality of resource elements and one or more samples of the third frequency domain sample sequence that appear outside the first plurality of resource elements after the shift are removed to generate the frequency domain sample sequence.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the on-off keying sample sequence corresponds to a first length, and wherein an on-duration of the on-off keying sample sequence comprises a sequence of non-zero-valued samples having a second length, the second length being a fraction of the first length.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein an off duration of the sequence of on-off keyed samples comprises a sequence of samples having a zero value.

16. A method for wireless communication at a transmitter, the method comprising: modulating a set of bits into a sequence of on-off keyed samples for wireless transmission to a first receiver within a first set of frequency resources; applying a transform to the on-off keying sample sequence to generate a frequency domain sample sequence that is a frequency domain representation of the on-off keying sample sequence; generating an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing waveform based at least in part on mapping the sequence of frequency domain samples to a first plurality of resource elements within the first set of frequency resources; as well as The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing waveform is transmitted to the first receiver via the first set of frequency resources.

17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: receiving a sequence of data samples for transmission to a second receiver within a second set of frequency resources different from the first set of frequency resources; applying a second transform to the sequence of frequency domain samples and the sequence of data samples to generate a time domain representation of a multiplexed signal; as well as The orthogonal frequency division multiplexed waveform is generated based at least in part on adding a cyclic prefix to the time domain representation of the multiplexed signal.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein generating the OFDM waveform comprises: The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing waveform is generated based at least in part on inserting guard band samples into one or more resource elements positioned on either side of the first plurality of resource elements.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein applying the transformation comprises: A discrete Fourier transform is applied to the sequence of on-off keyed samples to generate the sequence of frequency domain samples.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein generating the OFDM waveform comprises: An inverse discrete Fourier transform is applied to the sequence of frequency domain samples to generate the OFDM waveform.

21. The method of claim 16, wherein modulating the set of bits into the sequence of on-off keying samples comprises: An on duration and an off duration of the sequence of on-off keying samples are identified based at least in part on the set of bits.

22. The method of claim 16, wherein modulating the set of bits into the sequence of on-off keying samples comprises: Information bits in the group of bits are modulated into the sequence of on-off keying samples using Manchester decoding.

23. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: An on duration of the on-off keying sample sequence and an off duration of the on-off keying sample sequence are identified, wherein the on duration is shorter than the off duration.

24. The method according to claim 23, further comprising: A first sequence of one or more samples having zero values ​​is inserted at the end of the on-duration of the on-off keying sample sequence, a second sequence of one or more samples having the zero values ​​is inserted at the beginning of the on-duration, or both.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the lengths of the first sequence and the second sequence are based at least in part on a cyclic prefix.

26. The method of claim 16, wherein transmitting the OFDM waveform further comprises: The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing waveform is transmitted during a symbol period at a transmit power level based at least in part on a length of an on duration of the sequence of on-off keying samples and a length of an off duration of the sequence of on-off keying samples.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the transmit power level is an average transmit power level normalized according to a target transmit power value based at least in part on the length of the on duration relative to the length of the off duration.

28. The method of claim 16, further comprising: applying the transform to the on-off keying sample sequence to generate a third frequency domain sample sequence comprising the frequency domain sample sequence; as well as The center of the third frequency domain sample sequence is shifted to be aligned with the center of the first plurality of resource elements and one or more samples of the third frequency domain sample sequence that appear outside the first plurality of resource elements after the shift are removed to generate the frequency domain sample sequence.

29. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a transmitter, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to: modulating a set of bits into a sequence of on-off keyed samples for wireless transmission to a first receiver within a first set of frequency resources; applying a transform to the on-off keying sample sequence to generate a frequency domain sample sequence that is a frequency domain representation of the on-off keying sample sequence; generating an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing waveform based at least in part on mapping the sequence of frequency domain samples to a first plurality of resource elements within the first set of frequency resources; as well as The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing waveform is transmitted to the first receiver via the first set of frequency resources.

30. An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitter, the apparatus comprising: means for modulating a set of bits into a sequence of on-off keyed samples for wireless transmission to a first receiver within a first set of frequency resources; means for applying a transform to the sequence of on-off keying samples to generate a sequence of frequency domain samples that is a frequency domain representation of the sequence of on-off keying samples; means for generating an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing waveform based at least in part on mapping the sequence of frequency domain samples to a first plurality of resource elements within the first set of frequency resources; as well as Means for transmitting the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing waveform to the first receiver via the first set of frequency resources.

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