Preparation and preservation method of dendrobium officinale fruit preservative

Abstract

The preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: in a fruit harvesting season, disinfecting scissors with 75% alcohol, picking and collecting fruits, disinfecting the fruits in 75% alcohol for 1 minute, then washing the fruits with sterile water for 3 times and 1 minute each time, disinfecting the fruits with 0.1% mercury bichloride for 10 minutes, and then washing the fruits with sterile water for 5 times and 1 minute each time. Soaking in a special solution for 1 hour, and absorbing excessive water on sterile disinfection filter paper; the dendrobium officinale fruits can be stored for 10-12 months, the cracking rate of the fruits is only within 5%, the pollution rate of the fruits is within 4%, the stored pollution-free deteriorated fruits are sown in a disinfection bottle when needing to be sown, and the occurrence rate of protocorms is 98%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit preservation and storage, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a Dendrobium officinale fruit preservative and a fruit preservation method. Background Art

[0002] Dendrobium candidum Dendrobium officinale ), is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Dendrobium in the Orchidaceae family, and is a traditional precious Chinese medicine. For many years, the medicinal materials of Dendrobium have been derived from wild resources, which have low reproductive capacity and are frequently harvested, which has led to the extinction of wild Dendrobium officinale.

[0003] At present, through the exploration of scholars, Dendrobium officinale has been realized to be artificially cultivated. However, due to the limited seed sources and the concentrated flowering period each year, the capsule maturity period is concentrated. Mature fruits are very easy to lose water and crack, causing the cracked fruits and seeds to be infected or dead, affecting the seed germination rate; if ultra-low temperature preservation is used, the cost is expensive and the applicability is low. At the same time, for seedling production companies, because the seed sources are concentrated in time, if there is no suitable preservation method, the sterile sowing season is limited. Through artificial preservation technology, sterile sowing of seed sources can be carried out throughout the year, thus avoiding the problem of seedling production concentrated in one time period, greatly increasing the number of seedlings on the market, and facilitating the supply of seedlings in the market.

[0004] Currently, for this technology, the patent application number is 2022113276828. The preservation methods proposed in patent 2022106637268 are all preservation methods invented based on the principle of proper dehydration and drying of seeds. In addition, patent 2022106637268 requires cutting open the fruit to take out the seeds. Orchid seeds are too small to be picked out one by one. At the same time, this method undoubtedly increases the seed contamination rate in subsequent sowing, reduces the number of seeds that can be used for production experiments, and the repeated seed transfer operation is complicated. In the patent "A preservative for orchid fruits and its preparation method and use method", plant chitosan, chlorothalonil, and vitamin C are used for preservation, and the principle of providing disinfection, vitamin supplementation, and forming a protective film for the fruit is used for preservation. The preservation time is about 6 months, the contamination rate is controlled within 30%, and the germination rate is 85%. This preservation method is mainly based on disinfection and film formation. For long-term preservation, it is also necessary to appropriately supplement the fruit with some slow-release nutrients. In addition, the thickness of the seed coat of different orchid fruits is different, and the shape is very different. The fruit of Huoshan Dendrobium is about 1.5cm long, and the fruit of D. chrysotoxum is about 5-6cm long. Therefore, for the great differences in the appearance of orchid fruits, different optimal preservation methods should be proposed according to the actual preservation species, and there are few reports on this aspect. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the difficulty in preserving Dendrobium officinale fruit, the method of the present invention is proposed. The present invention aims to provide a preparation method of a preservative for Dendrobium officinale fruit and a method for preserving the same, thereby extending the annual sowing period of Dendrobium officinale provenance and solving the problem that the aseptic sowing production of Dendrobium officinale is concentrated in one period of time.

[0006] A method for preparing a preservative for Dendrobium officinale fruit and preserving the fruit, characterized in that: the mature fruit needs to be collected by cutting it short from the fruit stalk with scissors, and the scissors need to be disinfected with 75% alcohol. The collected fruit needs to be pretreated, that is, placed in 75% alcohol for disinfection for 1 minute, then rinsed with sterile water 3-5 times, each time for 1 minute, disinfected with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 10 minutes, and then rinsed with sterile water 3-5 times, each time for 1 minute.

[0007] The pre-treated fruits need to be soaked in a special solution. The special solution is 824 mg of ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ), 950mg potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ), 1850mg magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO 4 7H 2 O), 850 mg potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 ), 2200mg calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O), 1g potassium permanganate, 9-12g chitosan are dissolved separately and then fixed to 1 liter. The solution needs to be sterilized by high pressure sterilization for 30 minutes before soaking the fruit. The soaking time of the fruit is 1 hour. After soaking, place it on sterile filter paper to absorb excess water, dry it, wrap it in sterile kraft paper, and then put it in a plastic sealed bag and store it in a refrigerator at 4℃.

[0008] Experimental verification shows that under this method, the fruits of Dendrobium officinale can be preserved for 10-12 months, the fruit cracking rate is only less than 5%, the fruit contamination rate is less than 4%, and the preserved non-polluted and deteriorated fruits undergo routine plant tissue culture disinfection in this field when they need to be sown, and the original corm incidence rate is 98%.

[0009] 1. Innovatively improved and implemented the preservation technology of Dendrobium officinale fruits.

[0010] 2. The preservative has low cost and simple preservation method.

[0011] 3. After soaking in the solution of the invention, the fruit becomes bright and bright, and the nutrition is gradually replenished, which prolongs the storage time of the Dendrobium officinale fruit, prolongs the time period of sterile sowing, and improves the germination rate of the source, so that there is sufficient source of Dendrobium officinale for production throughout the year, promotes planting, and increases market output.

[0012] Example 1: 1.648 g of ammonium nitrate (NH4 NO 3 ), 1.9 g potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ), 3.7 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO 4 7H 2 O), 1.7 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 ), 4.4g calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O), 1g potassium permanganate, 10g chitosan are dissolved separately and then fixed to 2 liters and sterilized by autoclave for 30 minutes for later use. Use scissors disinfected with 75% alcohol to cut off the fruit stalk of Dendrobium officinale. The collected fruits are placed in 75% alcohol for disinfection for 1 minute, rinsed with sterile water 3 times, 1 minute each time, and then disinfected with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 10 minutes, and then rinsed with sterile water 3 times, 1 minute each time. The pretreated fruits are placed in the above solution for soaking. After soaking for 1 hour, the fruits of Dendrobium officinale are placed on sterile filter paper to absorb moisture. After drying, wrap them in sterile kraft paper, then put them in a plastic sealed bag, and store them in a refrigerator at 4°C.

[0013] Example 2 824 mg of ammonium nitrate NH 4 NO 3 ), 950mg potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ), 1850mg magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO 4 7H 2 O), 850 mg potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 ), 2200mg calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O), 1g potassium permanganate, and 12g chitosan are dissolved separately and then fixed to 1 liter, sterilized by high pressure for 30 minutes, and then cooled for use. Cut the fruits from the stalk of Dendrobium officinale with scissors disinfected with 75% alcohol. The collected fruits are placed in 75% alcohol for disinfection for 1 minute, rinsed with sterile water 5 times, 1 minute each time, and then disinfected with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 10 minutes, and then rinsed with sterile water 5 times, 1 minute each time. The pretreated fruits are placed in the above solution for soaking. After soaking for 1 hour, the Dendrobium officinale fruits are placed on sterile filter paper to absorb moisture. After drying, wrap them in sterile kraft paper, then put them in a sealed plastic bag, and store them in a refrigerator at 4°C.

[0014] Example 3. 100 Dendrobium officinale fruits of similar state and size were picked at the same time, and 50 fruits in each group were used for comparative experiments. The first group used the method of the present invention, and the second group did not take any measures as a control treatment. After 300 days of storage, the fruit contamination rate and cracking rate were counted. The Dendrobium officinale fruits stored by this method for 300 days had a fruit cracking rate of only 4%, a contamination rate of only 2%, and a germination rate of 98% ( Figure 1 ).

[0015] Save time Storage method Fruit contamination rate Fruit cracking rate Germination rate of protocorms after fruit sowing 300 days Method of the present invention 3% 5% 100% 300 days No action taken 60% 30% 100% BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 Germination of protocorms sown in fruit bottles after 300 days of storage.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a preservative for Dendrobium officinale fruit and a method for preserving the same, characterized in that: (1) When collecting fruits, they need to be cut off from the fruit stalk with scissors, and the scissors need to be disinfected with 75% alcohol. The collected fruits need to be pre-treated, that is, placed in 75% alcohol for 1 minute, then rinsed with sterile water 3 times, each time for 1 minute, disinfected with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 10 minutes, and then rinsed with sterile water 5 times, each time for 1 minute; (2) After the disinfection in step 1, the fruit needs to be immersed in a special solution, which is: 824 mg of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), 950 mg of potassium nitrate (KNO3), 1850 mg of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4·7H2O), 850 mg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), 2200 mg of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2·2H2O), 1 g of potassium permanganate (KMnO4), and 9-12 g of chitosan are dissolved in distilled water and then fixed to 1 liter. The solution is sterilized by high pressure sterilization for 30 minutes before use; (3) The soaking time is 1 hour. After soaking, place it on sterile filter paper to absorb excess moisture, dry it, wrap it in sterile kraft paper, and then put it in a plastic sealed bag and store it in a refrigerator at 4°C.

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