Anti-falling safety helmet for underground miner

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground miner anti-falling safety helmet which comprises a helmet body, a helmet hoop is arranged on a circle of the inner side of the helmet body, tension sensors are arranged on the helmet hoop at equal intervals, the tension sensors are connected to a circular ring structure in the center of the interior of the helmet body through a top belt, and an integrated device is installed on the side face of the helmet body. The integrated device comprises a power supply and on-off key, an initial reset key, a timer, a cap-off alarm module, an RFID data transmission module and a microprocessor. And the microprocessor is connected with each module through an internal bus or a specific communication interface. According to the anti-falling safety helmet for the underground miner, the wearing state can be monitored in real time, the wearing duration can be automatically recorded, and data can be transmitted, so that the mine underground operation safety and the management efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of labor protection products for special operations in underground mines, and in particular to an anti-fall-off safety helmet for underground miners. Background Art

[0002] The working environment in underground mines is extremely harsh, with many dangerous and harmful factors, which are very likely to cause damage to the miners' heads. As an important personal protective equipment for preventing head injuries, the correct and effective wearing of safety helmets is crucial to protecting miners' heads from injuries caused by falling objects and specific factors underground. However, due to the lack of comfort of the safety helmets themselves, inadequate on-site management, insufficient initial safety training, and the fluke mentality of underground workers, the wearing rate of safety helmets by underground miners is often low or irregular, thereby increasing the risk of injury to underground miners during the production process.

[0003] In addition, managers lack effective records and real-time supervision of the wearing time and status of miners' safety helmets, making it difficult for managers to grasp the safety protection status of underground miners throughout the entire process, seriously affecting the effectiveness of underground production safety management. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an anti-slip safety helmet for underground miners, which can monitor the wearing status in real time, automatically record the wearing time and transmit data, so as to improve the safety and management efficiency of underground mine operations.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] An anti-dropping safety helmet for underground miners, comprising a cap body, a cap hoop 1 arranged around the inner side of the cap body, tension sensors 2 arranged at equal intervals on the cap hoop 1, the tension sensors 2 connected to a circular ring structure 3 (buffer pad) at the center of the cap body through a top strap 12, an integrated device 4 installed on the side of the cap body, the integrated device 4 comprising a power supply and switch key 5, an initial reset key 6, a timer 7, a cap drop alarm module 8, an RFID data transmission module 9, and a microprocessor 11;

[0007] The power supply and switch key 5 provides power for the entire system, and controls the on and off of the power supply through the power supply and switch key 5; the initial reset key 6 is connected to the microprocessor 11 for initial threshold setting; the timer 7 receives the control signal from the microprocessor 11 to perform timing operation, and outputs the timing data to the microprocessor 11; the cap removal alarm module 8 receives the control signal from the microprocessor 11 to start or stop the alarm; the RFID data transmission module 9 receives the data from the microprocessor 11, and transmits the data to the remote system wirelessly; the microprocessor 11 is connected to each module through an internal bus or a specific communication interface.

[0008] The power source is a rechargeable battery, which can provide a continuous and stable power source for all integrated components;

[0009] The cap body is made of high-strength, impact-resistant ABS plastic material, which has good corrosion resistance and heat resistance;

[0010] The tension sensor module 13 is installed on the tension sensor 2, and the tension sensor module 13 monitors the tension change of the head strap 12 on the cap hoop 1 in real time, and compares the tension with the preset safety threshold. Considering the vibration and impact factors that miners may encounter when working underground, the tension range is finally determined to be 12-18N, and the safety threshold is set to 11N.

[0011] In the cap-off alarm module 8, when the tension sensor module 13 detects that the tension value is lower than a preset threshold value and lasts for more than 10 seconds, the built-in alarm system is triggered.

[0012] The timer 7 has a built-in high-precision timer for accurately recording the wearing time and clearly displaying the wearing time on the outside of the integrated device 4 of the helmet;

[0013] The microprocessor 11 adopts the ultra-low energy consumption STM32 L5 model, which is used to process data and instructions from the tension sensor module 13, the cap removal alarm module 8 and the timer 7.

[0014] The RFID data transmission module 9 includes an RFID tag, which automatically uploads the miner's ID and wearing time data to the dispatching room through the RFID scanning system at the mine entrance.

[0015] The output end of the tension sensor module 13 is connected to the microprocessor 11 to transmit tension data for determining the wearing status;

[0016] The output end of the microprocessor 11 is connected to the cap removal alarm module 8 to send instructions or signals to control the alarm device;

[0017] The output end of the microprocessor 11 is connected to the timer 7 for receiving a wearing status signal and controlling a timing function;

[0018] The output end of the microprocessor 11 is connected to the RFID data transmission module 9 to transmit the miner's identity information and wearing time data to the remote system.

[0019] The specific algorithm in the microprocessor 11 is as follows:

[0020] ① Real-time tension acquisition: Let F_real be the real-time tension value obtained from tension sensor 2;

[0021] ②Safety threshold setting: Set F_threshold as the preset safety tension threshold;

[0022] ③Comparison and judgment: The algorithm compares through the following formula:

[0023] if F_real>=F_threshold:

[0024] status="Safety Wear"

[0025] else:status="Unsafe to wear"

[0026] Among them, status is a variable used to indicate the current wearing status.

[0027] The specific calculation process of the microprocessor 11 is as follows:

[0028] ① Initialization phase

[0029] Timer 7 setting: When the miner wears the helmet, the tension sensor 2 detects sufficient tension, that is, it reaches the previously set threshold (indicating that the helmet is worn correctly), and then timer 7 starts timing, and the initial value is set to 0;

[0030] Status flag: Set a status flag variable to indicate the wearing status of the helmet;

[0031] ②Data collection and transmission

[0032] Tension monitoring: The tension sensor 2 continuously monitors the tension of the miner's head on the cap hoop 1, and transmits the real-time data to the microprocessor 11 through the data line;

[0033] Data transmission: The microprocessor 11 receives the tension data and determines the wearing status according to a preset safety threshold; if the tension is lower than the threshold and the duration exceeds a set value (such as 10 seconds), it is considered unsafe to wear and an alarm is triggered;

[0034] ③ Wearing time calculation

[0035] Timing logic: As long as the status flag indicates that the helmet is worn (is_worn = True), timer 7 continues to accumulate time;

[0036] Pause and resume: If it is detected that the wearing is unsafe, the timer 7 is paused (but the current timing value is maintained) until the tension returns to the safe range and lasts for a certain period of time, and then the timing is resumed;

[0037] Manual stop: In order to accurately record the effective wearing time of the operation and improve the level of safety management, miners or managers manually stop the timing by pressing a button. At this time, the current timing value is saved as the final wearing time;

[0038] ④Data processing and display

[0039] Data formatting: The microprocessor 11 formats the time data in the timer 7 into an easy-to-read format;

[0040] LED display control: The processed time data is sent to the LED display screen through the output port of the microprocessor 11, and the display screen updates the display content according to the received data.

[0041] Refresh rate: To ensure the real-time display, the microprocessor 11 sets a fixed refresh rate (e.g., once per second) to update the time on the LED display screen;

[0042] ⑤Automatic data transmission:

[0043] When miners get off work, the RFID tag built into the helmet automatically establishes a connection with the scanning system through the RFID scanning system at the mine entrance. The RFID tag uploads the ID information and wearing time data of the helmet to the receiving terminal in the dispatching room. The receiving terminal summarizes, processes and displays the uploaded data on the monitoring screen, providing management personnel with comprehensive miners' wearing status, alarm records and wearing time data.

[0044] The power source is an environmentally friendly, safe and reliable rechargeable battery.

[0045] The tension sensor module 13, also known as a resistance strain sensor, includes a force sensitive device, a tension transmission part, a measurement circuit and a housing;

[0046] The force-sensitive device is used to sense the external tension on the tension sensor 2 and produce corresponding physical deformation, and the two ends are respectively connected to the tension transmission part, and the force-sensitive device is clamped by the lateral action surface between the two ends to ensure that the tension can be accurately transmitted to the force sensor;

[0047] The force sensor is connected to a measuring circuit, which converts the physical deformation (resistance change) generated by the force sensor into an electrical signal (current);

[0048] The tension transmission part is responsible for accurately transmitting the external tension to the force-sensitive device. The tension transmission part is usually designed as a solid and non-deformable structure to ensure accurate transmission of the tension.

[0049] The hat-off alarm module 8 can immediately trigger an alarm when the tension value is lower than the preset threshold value for more than 10 seconds to warn the wearer that the helmet may fall off or be worn improperly; the hat-off alarm module 8 is used to monitor the wearing status of the helmet;

[0050] The cap-off alarm module 8 includes a tension sensor 2, a microprocessor 11 and an alarm;

[0051] The tension sensor module 13 monitors the change of the tension of the headband 12 on the headband 1 in real time, and compares the tension with the preset safety threshold; if the helmet is worn on the head, the sensor will send a normal signal; if the helmet falls off or is not worn correctly, the sensor will sense an abnormal signal;

[0052] The microprocessor 11 is responsible for receiving the signals collected by the sensor and performing filtering, amplification and digital processing to ensure the reliability and stability of the signals and reduce the false alarm rate. The specific steps are as follows:

[0053] ① Filtering: Use analog filters to remove high-frequency noise and interference signals before the signal enters the MCU. The selection of analog filters should be based on the characteristics of the signal and the frequency range of the noise to ensure the filtering effect.

[0054] ② Amplification: Select a suitable operational amplifier based on the actual signal strength and amplification requirements. The gain of the operational amplifier should be set according to the signal characteristics and amplification requirements.

[0055] ③Digital processing: Inside the MCU, the converted digital signal is further processed and analyzed. Algorithms such as digital filtering, smoothing, and feature extraction can be used to improve the reliability and stability of the signal.

[0056] The hat-off alarm module 8 is responsible for emitting sound, light and other alarm signals; when the sensor detects an abnormal signal, the signal is transmitted and processed by the microprocessor 11, which triggers the alarm and emits sound, light and other signals to remind the wearer.

[0057] The timer 7 can accurately record the wearing time and clearly display it on the outside of the helmet so that miners and supervisors can check it at any time.

[0058] The RFID data transmission module 9 can realize wireless transmission and automatic collection of data, thereby improving the safety and management efficiency of mine operations.

[0059] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0060] (1) Real-time monitoring and feedback: Through the real-time monitoring of the tension sensor 2 and the instant feedback of the alarm device, unsafe behaviors such as improper wearing of the miners or the falling off of the helmet can be discovered and corrected in time, effectively preventing the occurrence of head injury accidents.

[0061] (2) Wearing time recording and display: The built-in high-precision timing module can accurately record the wearing time and display it intuitively on the left side of the helmet, making it easy for miners and on-site managers to understand the wearing status at any time.

[0062] (3) Automatic data collection and transmission: Through the RFID data transmission module 9, the automatic collection and transmission of helmet wearing data to the dispatching room is realized, which improves the efficiency and accuracy of data management.

[0063] (4) Improve management efficiency and accuracy: The receiving terminal in the dispatching room can summarize and display the wearing status, alarm records and wearing time data of all miners, providing comprehensive information support for management personnel, facilitating the rapid identification and correction of unsafe behaviors, and promoting the standardized use of safety helmets.

[0064] In summary, the anti-dropping safety helmet for underground miners of the present invention integrates multiple intelligent functions to realize real-time monitoring, recording, feedback and management of miners wearing safety helmets, providing strong protection for the production safety of underground miners. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0065] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mine safety helmet according to the present invention.

[0066] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the integrated device of the present invention.

[0067] Figure 3 It is a working principle diagram of the timing alarm device of the present invention.

[0068] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the tension sensor module of the present invention.

[0069] Figure 5 It is the working flow chart of the timing system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0071] like Figure 1 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mine helmet of the present invention, including the specific positions of the helmet body, the tension sensor module 13, the integrated device 4, the hat hoop 1, and the top strap 12. The specific implementation of the helmet structure is as follows:

[0072] (1) Cap design:

[0073] The cap body is made of high-strength, impact-resistant ABS plastic material with good corrosion resistance and heat resistance to adapt to the harsh environment of underground mine operations. The inside of the cap body is equipped with a soft and comfortable liner to increase the comfort and stability of wearing.

[0074] (2) Installation of tension sensor module 13:

[0075] The tension sensor 2 is installed at the part where the hat body hoop 1 and the helmet top strap 12 are connected. It converts the physical deformation (resistance) change produced by the force-sensitive device into an electrical signal (current) and transmits it to the microprocessor 11 STM32 H7 through wires. It has high precision and sensitivity, ensuring that it can accurately sense the tension of the miner's head strap 12 on the helmet hoop 1, and perform real-time detection of the helmet wearing status through the microprocessor 11.

[0076] (3) Integrated device 4:

[0077] The integrated device 4 is compactly arranged on the left side of the cap body, and integrates a power module, a timer 7, an instant alarm module for removing the cap, and an RFID data transmission module 9.

[0078] like Figure 2 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the integrated device 4 of the present invention, which includes a power supply and switch key 5, an initial reset key 6, a timer 7, a cap removal alarm module 8, an RFID data transmission module 9, and a microprocessor 11.

[0079] The power supply of the integrated device 4 and the switch key 5 provide power for the entire system, and the on and off of the power supply are controlled by the switch key; the initial reset key 6 is connected to the microprocessor 11 for initial threshold setting; the timer 7 receives the control signal from the microprocessor 11 to perform timing operation, and outputs the timing data to the microprocessor 11; the cap removal alarm module 8 receives the control signal from the microprocessor 11 to start or stop the alarm; the RFID data transmission module 9 receives the data from the microprocessor 11, and transmits the data to the remote system wirelessly; the microprocessor 11 may be connected to each module through an internal bus or a specific communication interface.

[0080] The details are as follows:

[0081] (1) Power and switch 5

[0082] The power supply of the integrated device 4 adopts a rechargeable battery design, which is environmentally friendly, safe and reliable, providing a stable and continuous power supply for all integrated components, ensuring long-term efficient and stable operation. In addition, the device is also equipped with a convenient power switch, located on both sides of the reset button, which is convenient for turning off the power during non-working hours and effectively saving energy.

[0083] (2) Initial reset button 6

[0084] By activating the reset button, the sensor will automatically detect and record the tension value, which is then stored by the microprocessor 11 and used as a safety threshold for real-time monitoring of subsequent states.

[0085] (3) Timer 7

[0086] The timer 7 includes a timer 7 and an LED display screen. The timer 7 is located in the integrated device 4. The LED display screen is installed on the surface of the integrated device 4 on the left side of the helmet, and the wearing time is displayed by the microprocessor 11. The display screen adopts a high-brightness, high-definition LED screen to ensure clear display under various light conditions.

[0087] (4) Hat-off alarm module 8: The hat-off alarm module 8 includes a sound alarm and an LED flashing light. The sound alarm speakers are located on both sides of the integrated device 4, and the LED flashing light is located above the integrated device 4. The module is connected to the microprocessor 11 through wires to realize intelligent alarm.

[0088] ⑤RFID data transmission module 9:

[0089] The RFID tag is located in the integrated device 4 and is wirelessly transmitted through the RFID scanning system at the mine entrance. The RFID tag contains the unique ID information of the helmet, which is used to identify and recognize different helmets, and automatically uploads data such as the miner's ID and wearing time to the dispatch room.

[0090] like Figure 3 , which is a schematic structural diagram of a tension sensor module 13 of the present invention, the tension sensor 2 is mainly composed of three parts: a tension transmission part, a force sensitive device and a measurement circuit.

[0091] (1) Tension transmission part:

[0092] It is the main structure of the sensor, responsible for accurately transmitting the external tension to the force-sensitive device. The tension transmission part is usually designed to be a sturdy and non-deformable structure to ensure accurate transmission of the tension.

[0093] (2) Force-sensitive devices:

[0094] The force-sensitive device is the core part of the sensor, which senses external tension and produces corresponding physical deformation. In the structure of the tension sensor 2, the force-sensitive device is usually composed of a piezoelectric sheet, a piezoelectric sheet gasket, and a substrate. The piezoelectric sheet is a sensitive element that senses tension. When subjected to tension, it deforms and causes a change in resistance. The piezoelectric sheet gasket is used to evenly transfer tension to the piezoelectric sheet to prevent measurement errors caused by uneven distribution of tension. The substrate supports and protects the piezoelectric sheet to ensure the stability and reliability of the force-sensitive device.

[0095] (3) Measurement circuit:

[0096] The measurement circuit converts the physical deformation (resistance change) generated by the force-sensitive device into an electrical signal (current or voltage) output. The measurement circuit usually contains a resistance strain gauge and a Wheatstone bridge circuit. In this circuit:

[0097] R1, R2, R3 and R4: four resistors that form a Wheatstone bridge circuit. Among them, R2 (or R1) is a resistance strain gauge, and its resistance value will change with the deformation of the piezoelectric piece.

[0098] OUT1 and OUT2: are the output ends of the bridge. When the resistance value of R2 (or R1) changes, the voltage difference between OUT1 and OUT2 will change. This change reflects the change in external tension.

[0099] +Vs and GND: They are the positive and negative terminals of the circuit power supply, respectively, and provide the circuit with working voltage. When external tension acts on the tension sensor 2, the piezoelectric sheet of the force-sensitive device is deformed, causing the resistance value of the resistance strain gauge to change. This change is converted through the Wheatstone bridge circuit, causing the voltage difference between OUT1 and OUT2 to change. By measuring this voltage difference, the change in external tension can be obtained.

[0100] like Figure 4 As shown in FIG. 1 , it is a working principle diagram of the timing alarm device of the present invention, which details the data transmission and control relationship between the tension sensor 2, the timer 7, the microprocessor 11, the alarm device and the LED display screen. The specific implementation of the working principle is as follows:

[0101] (1) Wearing and resetting: After the underground miner wears the device correctly each time, he needs to press the reset button. At this time, the sensor will automatically detect and record the tension value, which will then be stored by the microprocessor 11 and used as a safety threshold for real-time monitoring of subsequent status.

[0102] (2) Real-time monitoring and comparison:

[0103] After the miner puts on the helmet, the tension sensor 2 starts working and continuously monitors the tension of the miner's head strap 12 on the headband 1. The monitored tension data is transmitted to the microprocessor 11 through the data line, and the algorithm built into the microprocessor 11 compares the real-time tension with the preset safety threshold.

[0104] The specific algorithm built into the microprocessor 11 is as follows:

[0105] ① Real-time tension acquisition: Let F_real be the real-time tension value obtained from tension sensor 2.

[0106] ②Safety threshold setting: Set F_threshold as the preset safety tension threshold. This value is set according to the design of the helmet, the miner's head circumference and safety standards.

[0107] ③Comparison and judgment: The algorithm compares through the following formula:

[0108] if F_real>=F_threshold:

[0109] status="Safety Wear"

[0110] else:status="Unsafe to wear"

[0111] Among them, status is a variable used to indicate the current wearing status.

[0112] (3) Intelligent alarm:

[0113] Based on factors such as avoiding false alarms, ergonomic principles, and the reaction time of underground miners, if the real-time tension is lower than the safety threshold for more than 10 seconds, the microprocessor 11 will control the alarm device to issue an audible and visual alarm. The sound alarm emits a loud alarm sound, and the LED flashing light flashes at a high frequency to attract the attention of miners and surrounding personnel. After the alarm lasts for a period of time (such as 10 seconds), if the tension has not returned to the safe range, the alarm will be repeated until the miner puts on the safety helmet correctly again.

[0114] (4) Wearing time recording and display:

[0115] The timer 7 automatically counts the time when the miner puts on the helmet and records the wearing time. The wearing time data is transmitted to the microprocessor 11 through the data line, and the microprocessor 11 calculates and controls the LED display screen to display the wearing time through the algorithm. Miners and on-site managers can check the wearing time at any time to ensure compliance with safety regulations.

[0116] The specific algorithm built into the microprocessor 11 is as follows:

[0117] ① Initialization phase

[0118] Timer 7 setting: When the miner wears the safety helmet, the tension sensor 2 detects sufficient tension (indicating that the safety helmet is worn correctly), and then timer 7 starts timing, with the initial value set to 0.

[0119] Status flag: Set a status flag variable to indicate the wearing status of the helmet (for example, is_worn = True means it is worn, is_worn = False means it is not worn).

[0120] ②Data collection and transmission

[0121] Tension monitoring: The tension sensor 2 continuously monitors the tension of the miner's head on the cap hoop 1, and transmits the real-time data to the microprocessor 11 via a data line.

[0122] Data transmission: The microprocessor 11 receives the tension data and determines the wearing state according to the preset safety threshold. If the tension is lower than the threshold and the duration exceeds the set value (such as 10 seconds), it is considered unsafe to wear and may trigger an alarm.

[0123] ③ Wearing time calculation

[0124] Timing logic: As long as the status flag indicates that the helmet is worn (is_worn = True), the timer 7 continues to accumulate time.

[0125] Pause and resume: If it is detected that the wearing is unsafe (for example, the tension is lower than the threshold), the timer 7 can be paused (but the current timing value is maintained) until the tension returns to a safe range and lasts for a certain period of time, and then the timing is resumed.

[0126] Manual stop: Miners or managers can manually stop the timing through specific operations (such as pressing a button), and the current timing value is saved as the final wearing time.

[0127] ④Data processing and display

[0128] Data formatting: The microprocessor 11 formats the time data in the timer 7 into an easy-to-read format (such as hours: minutes: seconds).

[0129] LED display control: The processed time data is sent to the LED display screen through the output port of the microprocessor 11, and the display screen updates the display content according to the received data.

[0130] Refresh rate: In order to ensure the real-time display, the microprocessor 11 can set a fixed refresh rate (such as once per second) to update the time on the LED display screen.

[0131] ⑤Automatic data transmission:

[0132] When miners leave work, the RFID tags built into the helmets automatically connect to the scanning system through the RFID scanning system at the mine entrance. The RFID tags upload the ID information and wearing time data of the helmets to the receiving terminal in the dispatching room. The receiving terminal summarizes, processes and displays the uploaded data on the monitoring screen, providing management personnel with comprehensive data on the miners' wearing status, alarm records and wearing time.

[0133] like Figure 5 As shown, it is a working flow chart of the timing system of the present invention, which describes in detail the whole process from the miner wearing the safety helmet to the wearing time recording, data transmission and alarm.

[0134] After the miner puts on the helmet, he starts timing by pressing the power button. The system starts immediately and automatically detects the wearing status. Once it is confirmed that the helmet is worn properly, the timing module starts recording the working time. During this period, the tension sensor 2 continuously monitors the wearing status. Any change such as the helmet falling off or not being worn as required will trigger the timing pause and issue an alarm. After reconfirming that the helmet is worn correctly, the timing will resume. After the work is completed, the miner stops the timing by pressing the power button. When leaving get off work, the system will automatically identify the miner's identity when passing through the mine entrance RFID system, and synchronize the timing data and any alarm information to the dispatch room. This process ensures the efficient integration of the monitoring of miners' helmet wearing and the recording of working hours.

[0135] Through the above specific implementation methods, the underground miner's anti-dropping safety helmet of the present invention realizes real-time monitoring of the miner's wearing status, accurate recording of the wearing time, and automatic collection and transmission of data, providing strong protection for the safety of underground mine operations.

Claims

1. An anti-drop safety helmet for underground miners, characterized in that: The invention comprises a cap body, a cap hoop (1) is arranged around the inner side of the cap body, tension sensors (2) are arranged on the cap hoop (1) at equal intervals, the tension sensors (2) are connected to a circular ring structure (3) at the inner center of the cap body through a top strap (12), an integrated device (4) is installed on the side of the cap body, and the integrated device (4) comprises a power supply and switch key (5), an initial reset key (6), a timer (7), a cap removal alarm module (8), an RFID data transmission module (9), and a microprocessor (11); The power supply and switch key (5) provides power to the entire system and controls the on and off of the power supply through the power supply and switch key (5); the initial reset key (6) is connected to the microprocessor (11) and is used for initial threshold setting; the timer (7) receives a control signal from the microprocessor (11) to perform a timing operation and outputs the timing data to the microprocessor (11); the cap removal alarm module (8) receives a control signal from the microprocessor (11) to start or stop the alarm; the RFID data transmission module (9) receives data from the microprocessor (11) and transmits the data to a remote system in a wireless manner; the microprocessor (11) is connected to each module through an internal bus or a specific communication interface.

2. The anti-drop safety helmet for underground miners according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power source is a rechargeable battery; The cap body is made of high-strength, impact-resistant ABS plastic material; The timer (7) has a built-in high-precision timer for accurately recording the wearing time and clearly displays the wearing time on the outside of the integrated device (4) of the helmet so that miners and supervisors can check it at any time; The microprocessor (11) adopts an ultra-low energy consumption STM32 L5 model, and is used to process data and instructions from the tension sensor module (13), the cap removal alarm module (8) and the timer (7); The RFID data transmission module (9) comprises an RFID tag, which automatically uploads the miner's ID and wearing time data to the dispatching room through the RFID scanning system at the mine entrance; the RFID data transmission module (9) can realize wireless transmission and automatic collection of data, thereby improving the safety and management efficiency of mine operations; The hat removal alarm module (8) is responsible for emitting sound, light and other alarm signals; when the sensor detects an abnormal signal, the signal is transmitted and processed by the microprocessor (11), which triggers the alarm and emits sound, light and other signals to remind the wearer.

3. The anti-drop safety helmet for underground miners according to claim 1, characterized in that: A tension sensor module (13) is installed on the tension sensor (2), and the tension sensor module (13) monitors the change of tension of the head strap (12) on the headband (1) in real time, and compares the tension with a preset safety threshold. The tension range is 12 to 18N, and the safety threshold is set to 11N.

4. The anti-drop safety helmet for underground miners according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the tension sensor module (13) is connected to the microprocessor (11) to transmit tension data for determining the wearing status; The output end of the microprocessor (11) is connected to the cap removal alarm module (8) to send instructions or signals to control the alarm device; The output end of the microprocessor (11) is connected to a timer (7) for receiving a wearing status signal and controlling a timing function; The output end of the microprocessor (11) is connected to an RFID data transmission module (9) for transmitting the miner's identity information and wearing time data to a remote system.

5. The anti-drop safety helmet for underground miners according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific algorithm in the microprocessor (11) is as follows: ① Real-time tension acquisition: Let F_real be the real-time tension value obtained from the tension sensor (2); ②Safety threshold setting: Set F_threshold as the preset safety tension threshold; ③Comparison and judgment: The algorithm compares through the following formula: if F_real>=F_threshold: status="Safety Wear" else:status="Unsafe to wear" Among them, status is a variable used to indicate the current wearing status.

6. The anti-drop safety helmet for underground miners according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific calculation process of the microprocessor (11) is as follows: ① Initialization phase Timer (7) setting: When the miner wears the helmet, the tension sensor (2) detects sufficient tension, that is, reaches the previously set threshold (indicating that the helmet is worn correctly), and the timer (7) starts timing, with the initial value set to 0; Status flag: Set a status flag variable to indicate the wearing status of the helmet; ②Data collection and transmission Tension monitoring: The tension sensor (2) continuously monitors the tension of the miner's head on the cap hoop (1), and transmits the real-time data to the microprocessor (11) via a data line; Data transmission: The microprocessor (11) receives the tension data and determines the wearing status according to a preset safety threshold; if the tension is lower than the threshold and the duration exceeds the set value, it is considered unsafe to wear and an alarm is triggered; ③ Wearing time calculation Timing logic: As long as the status flag indicates that the helmet is worn (is_worn = True), the timer (7) continues to accumulate time; Pause and resume: If it is detected that the wearing is unsafe, the timer (7) is paused (but the current timing value is maintained) until the tension returns to a safe range and lasts for a certain period of time, and then the timing is resumed; Manual stop: To accurately record the effective wearing time of the operation, the miner or manager manually stops the timing by pressing a button, and the current timing value is saved as the final wearing time; ④Data processing and display Data formatting: The microprocessor (11) formats the time data in the timer (7) into an easy-to-read format; LED display control: The processed time data is sent to the LED display screen through the output port of the microprocessor (11), and the display screen updates the display content according to the received data. Refresh rate: In order to ensure the real-time display, the microprocessor 11 sets a fixed refresh rate) for updating the time on the LED display; ⑤Automatic data transmission: When miners get off work, the RFID tag built into the helmet automatically establishes a connection with the scanning system through the RFID scanning system at the mine entrance. The RFID tag uploads the ID information and wearing time data of the helmet to the receiving terminal in the dispatching room. The receiving terminal summarizes, processes and displays the uploaded data on the monitoring screen, providing management personnel with comprehensive miners' wearing status, alarm records and wearing time data.

7. The anti-drop safety helmet for underground miners according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tension sensor module (13), also known as a resistance strain sensor, comprises a force sensitive device, a tension transmission part, a measurement circuit and a housing; The force-sensitive device is used to sense the external tension on the tension sensor (2) and produce corresponding physical deformation, and the two ends are respectively connected to the tension transmission part, and the force-sensitive device is clamped by the lateral action surface between the two ends to ensure that the tension can be accurately transmitted to the force sensor; The force sensor is connected to a measuring circuit, which converts the physical deformation generated by the force sensor - resistance change - into an electrical signal - current; The tension transmission part is responsible for accurately transmitting the external tension to the force sensitive device.

8. The anti-drop safety helmet for underground miners according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the hat-off alarm module (8), when the tension sensor module (13) detects that the tension value is lower than a preset threshold value and lasts for more than 10 seconds, the built-in alarm system is triggered to warn the wearer that the helmet may fall off or is worn improperly; the hat-off alarm module (8) is used to monitor the wearing status of the helmet; The cap removal alarm module (8) comprises a tension sensor (2), a microprocessor (11) and an alarm; The tension sensor module (13) monitors the change in tension of the headband (12) on the headband (1) in real time, and compares the tension with a preset safety threshold; if the helmet is worn on the head, the sensor will send a normal signal; if the helmet falls off or is not worn correctly, the sensor will sense an abnormal signal; The microprocessor (11) is responsible for receiving the signals collected by the sensor and performing filtering, amplification and digital processing to ensure the reliability and stability of the signals and reduce the false alarm rate.

9. The anti-drop safety helmet for underground miners according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: ① Filtering: Use analog filters to remove high-frequency noise and interference signals before the signal enters the MCU. The selection of analog filters should be based on the characteristics of the signal and the frequency range of the noise to ensure the filtering effect; ② Amplification: Select a suitable operational amplifier based on the actual signal strength and amplification requirements. The gain of the operational amplifier should be set according to the characteristics of the signal and the amplification requirements. ③Digital processing: Inside the MCU, the converted digital signal is further processed and analyzed, using digital filtering, smoothing, and feature extraction algorithms to improve the reliability and stability of the signal.

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