Fixed bed device for synthesizing aliphatic amine

Abstract

The invention specifically discloses a fixed bed device for synthesizing aliphatic amine, and relates to the technical field of fixed bed reactors. The problem that an existing device cannot regulate and control the local temperature runaway condition is solved. Comprising a fixing base, the fixing base is fixedly connected with vertically-distributed fixing shells, every two adjacent fixing shells are jointly and fixedly connected with a cooling shell, inert filler plates which are symmetrically distributed are fixedly connected in the fixing shells, the fixing shells are fixedly connected and communicated with pressure spray heads which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and annular air bags are fixedly connected in the pressure spray heads. And the pressure nozzle is provided with through holes which are spherically distributed. Through mutual cooperation of the pressure nozzle and the annular air bag, the amount of fatty alcohol sprayed by the local pressure nozzle is adjusted, a small amount of fatty alcohol is put at the position where temperature runaway is likely to happen, the reaction speed is controlled, the temperature runaway phenomenon is relieved, normal reaction of fatty alcohol at other positions is not affected, and the purity and efficiency of fatty amine production are maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fixed bed reactors, and in particular discloses a fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines. Background Art

[0002] Fixed bed reactor is a kind of reactor commonly used in chemical industry. The difference between fixed bed reactor and other reactors is that the catalyst inside is always in a stacked state. The large amount of accumulated catalyst has no relative movement and no relative friction during the reaction process. Therefore, the life of the catalyst is relatively long. When producing fatty amines in existing fixed beds, fatty alcohols and hydrogen are usually mixed together to form mist gas and then introduced into the reactor. Fatty alcohols and hydrogen react spontaneously after contacting with the catalyst. Because the reaction between fatty alcohols and hydrogen is an exothermic reaction, the reaction degree and temperature during the reaction of the two will gradually increase with the reaction time. It is necessary to cool down the fixed bed reactor. The existing fixed bed reactor is filled with It is difficult to keep the catalyst absolutely uniform, and the catalyst gradually wears away as the reaction proceeds, causing some catalyst particles to gradually become smaller and the gaps between the catalysts to gradually become denser, making it more difficult for fatty alcohols and hydrogen to pass through the catalyst during the downward flow. When fatty alcohols and hydrogen pass through the catalyst, fatty alcohols and hydrogen accumulate in large quantities there due to poor flow, causing the reaction temperature to rise rapidly locally, resulting in a temperature runaway phenomenon. Temperature runaway can lead to intensified side reactions of fatty alcohols and hydrogen, affecting the purity of fatty amines produced there. Existing devices cannot regulate the above-mentioned local temperature runaway conditions, and can only uniformly increase the cooling intensity or reduce the amount of reactants added, which will undoubtedly affect the normal production efficiency of existing devices. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcoming that the existing device cannot regulate the above-mentioned local temperature fluctuation, the present invention provides a fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines.

[0004] The technical scheme is as follows: A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines, comprising a fixed seat, the fixed seat is fixedly connected to a vertically distributed fixed shell, two adjacent fixed shells are commonly fixedly connected to a cooling shell, the upper side of the fixed shell is fixedly connected to and communicated with a vent head, symmetrically distributed inert filler plates are fixedly connected inside the fixed shell, the upper side of the fixed shell is fixedly connected to a first liquid guide ring, the fixed shell is fixedly connected to and communicated with a circumferentially uniformly distributed pressure nozzle, the pressure nozzle is connected to the adjacent first liquid guide ring, the pressure nozzle is located on the upper side of the inert filler plate in the same fixed shell The lower side of the plate, an annular airbag is fixedly connected in the pressure nozzle, and the pressure nozzle is provided with spherically distributed through holes. The inert filler plate on the lower side of the fixed shell is fixedly connected with a circumferentially uniformly distributed liquid inlet pipe and a circumferentially uniformly distributed liquid outlet pipe. The liquid inlet pipe is fixedly connected to one of the adjacent liquid outlet pipes and is connected with a uniformly distributed middle connecting pipe. The number of the pressure nozzles, the liquid outlet pipes and the liquid inlet pipes in the same fixed shell is the same. The fixed shell is provided with inflation mechanisms that are uniformly distributed circumferentially and are respectively used to inflate the adjacent annular airbags.

[0005] Furthermore, a second liquid guiding ring and a third liquid guiding ring are fixedly connected to the lower side of the fixed shell, the second liquid guiding ring is connected to the liquid inlet pipe in the same fixed shell, the third liquid guiding ring is connected to the liquid outlet pipe in the same fixed shell, and the cooling shell is fixedly connected with symmetrically distributed and mutually connected annular cooling pipes, one of which is connected to the fixed shell on the upper side, and the other is connected to the ventilation head on the lower side.

[0006] Furthermore, the adjacent and connected liquid inlet pipes, the liquid outlet pipes and the middle connecting pipe form a group, the distance between the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipes in the same group is greater than the distance between the liquid inlet pipe and another group of adjacent liquid outlet pipes, and the pressure nozzle is located between the adjacent liquid inlet pipe and the adjacent liquid outlet pipe, close to the side of the adjacent liquid outlet pipe.

[0007] Furthermore, the through-hole density and diameter of the pressure nozzle in the horizontal direction are greater than the through-hole density and diameter on the upper and lower sides thereof.

[0008] Furthermore, the inflation mechanism includes a pneumatic telescopic rod, which is fixedly connected to the adjacent fixed shell near the adjacent group of liquid inlet pipes, and the pneumatic telescopic rod is connected to the adjacent group of annular airbags through a hose, a first elastic member is fixedly connected between the telescopic end of the pneumatic telescopic rod and its fixed part, the liquid inlet pipe is fixedly connected with evenly distributed temperature measuring sensors, the liquid inlet pipe is rotatably connected with an electric shaft, the upper side of the liquid inlet pipe is rotatably connected with a swing frame, the telescopic end of the pneumatic telescopic rod is fixedly connected with a connecting frame, the connecting frame is slidably connected to the adjacent swing frame, the connecting frame is slidably connected to the adjacent liquid inlet pipe, the electric shaft is threadedly connected with a moving block, the moving block is fixedly connected with extrusion blocks that are symmetrically distributed and are extruded and matched with the adjacent swing frames, a protrusion is provided on the side of the middle connecting pipe close to the adjacent liquid inlet pipe, and a flow regulating component for regulating the circulating water flow in the middle connecting pipe of the adjacent group is provided in the liquid inlet pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, a liquid guiding block is fixedly connected in the pressure nozzle, the liquid guiding block is extruded and matched with the adjacent annular airbag, and the liquid guiding block is provided with through holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

[0010] Furthermore, the flow regulating component includes evenly distributed sealing rings, which are fixedly connected to the raised portion of the adjacent middle connecting tube, and a frustum-shaped sealing block is slidably connected to the side of the middle connecting tube close to the raised portion through a bracket, and the frustum-shaped sealing block is sealed and matched with the adjacent sealing ring, and a second elastic member is fixedly connected between the frustum-shaped sealing block and the bracket in the adjacent middle connecting tube, and a rolling ball is ball-connected to the side of the frustum-shaped sealing block close to the adjacent electric rotating shaft, and the frustum-shaped sealing block is squeezed and matched with the adjacent electric rotating shaft through the rolling ball thereon, and the moving block is fixedly connected to an extrusion plate which is squeezed and matched with the rolling ball on the adjacent frustum-shaped sealing block.

[0011] Furthermore, a side of the frustum-shaped blocking block close to the adjacent blocking ring is provided with liquid guiding grooves evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

[0012] Furthermore, a multi-stage telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the liquid inlet pipe and is squeezed and matched with the rolling ball on the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block. The telescopic end of the multi-stage telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the adjacent extrusion plate, and the multi-stage telescopic rod is located between the adjacent electric rotating shaft and the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the hydrogen cooling efficiency in the annular cooling tube, the adjustment mechanism is arranged in the cooling shell, the adjustment mechanism includes a hydraulic telescopic rod, the hydraulic telescopic rod is fixed in the cooling shell, a sliding telescopic rod is fixed in the cooling shell, the telescopic end of the sliding telescopic rod and the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod are both provided with through holes, and the through holes of the two are fixed together and connected with a fixed pipe, the telescopic end of the sliding telescopic rod and the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod are respectively sealed with the adjacent annular cooling tube, and the fixed tube is connected with the symmetrically distributed annular cooling tube at the same time through the through holes on the sliding telescopic rod and the through holes on the hydraulic telescopic rod.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention adjusts the amount of fatty alcohol sprayed by the local pressure nozzle through the cooperation between the pressure nozzle and the annular airbag, and puts less fatty alcohol in the position where the temperature runaway is likely to occur, thereby controlling the reaction speed and alleviating the temperature runaway phenomenon without affecting the normal reaction of the fatty alcohol in other parts, thereby maintaining the purity and efficiency of the production of fatty amines.

[0015] On this basis, the present invention also ensures the minimum injection amount of adjacent pressure nozzles through the liquid guide block, and more conveniently strictly controls the injection amount of adjacent pressure nozzles, promotes the normal production of nearby fatty amines, and does not cause the problem of local cessation of reaction.

[0016] On this basis, the present invention adjusts the cooling efficiency of adjacent middle connecting pipes, focuses on cooling the parts where temperature runaway occurs, alleviates the temperature runaway phenomenon, reduces the impact on the reaction rate of other parts, and ensures the smooth progress of the overall reaction.

[0017] On this basis, the present invention uses a hydraulic telescopic rod to drive adjacent components to adjust the cooling efficiency of the symmetrically distributed annular cooling tubes on hydrogen, thereby ensuring sufficient utilization of hydrogen. At the same time, the reaction rate in the lower fixed shell is controlled by controlling the temperature of the hydrogen, thereby promoting the normal reaction of the fatty alcohol in the lower fixed shell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the fixed shell, cooling shell and ventilation head of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fixed shell, the cooling shell and the annular cooling pipe of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the fixed shell, the inert filler plate and the first liquid guide ring of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the liquid inlet pipe, the liquid outlet pipe and the middle connecting pipe of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the pressure nozzle, the annular air bag and the liquid guide block of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the liquid inlet pipe, the liquid outlet pipe and the middle connecting pipe of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the liquid inlet pipe, the electric rotating shaft and the moving block of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the liquid inlet pipe, the electric rotating shaft and the swing frame of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the hydraulic telescopic rod, the sliding telescopic rod and the fixed tube of the present invention; Fig.11 It is a cross-sectional view of the annular cooling tube, the sliding telescopic rod and the fixed tube of the present invention.

[0019] The marks in the accompanying drawings are specifically: 1-fixed seat, 2-fixed shell, 3-cooling shell, 4-ventilation head, 5-inert filler plate, 6-first liquid guide ring, 7-pressure nozzle, 8-annular air bag, 9-liquid inlet pipe, 10-liquid outlet pipe, 11-middle connecting pipe, 12-second liquid guide ring, 121-third liquid guide ring, 13-annular cooling pipe, 14-pneumatic telescopic rod, 141-first elastic member, 142-connecting frame, 15-liquid guide block, 16-electric rotating shaft, 17-swing frame, 18-moving block, 19-extrusion block, 20-temperature sensor, 21-sealing ring, 22-cone-shaped sealing block, 221-second elastic member, 222-rolling ball, 223-liquid guide groove, 23-extrusion plate, 24-multi-stage telescopic rod, 30-hydraulic telescopic rod, 31-sliding telescopic rod, 32-fixed pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] First of all, it should be pointed out that in the different described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosure contained in the entire description can be transferred to the same parts with the same reference numerals or the same component names. Selected positional descriptions in the description, such as top, bottom, etc., also refer to the directly described and shown figures and are transferred to the new positions in the case of a change in position.

[0021] Example 1: When producing fatty amines, the existing device often causes the gaps between the catalyst particles to become smaller and denser due to uneven catalyst filling or consumption. This will cause the fatty alcohol solution and hydrogen to be unable to pass through and flow downward at a normal speed, thereby causing a temperature runaway phenomenon. The temperature runaway phenomenon will cause the fatty alcohol and hydrogen to over-react and generate side reactions. The existing device does not have the function of adjusting the local temperature or dosage in the fixed bed according to the temperature. It can only reduce the reaction efficiency in the fixed bed as a whole by reducing the number of reactants added or increasing the cooling intensity, thereby alleviating the local temperature runaway situation. The solution is referred to as the fatty alcohol solution below.

[0022] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines. Figure 1-Figure 6, including a fixed seat 1, a control terminal is arranged on the front side of the fixed shell 2, a liquid discharge port for discharging the solution and an exhaust port for discharging the hydrogen are arranged at the bottom of the fixed shell 2, a gas stop valve (existing device) is installed in the liquid discharge port, the fixed seat 1 is fixedly connected with two vertically distributed fixed shells 2, a cooling shell 3 is fixedly connected between the two fixed shells 2, the cooling shell 3 is fixedly connected to the fixed seat 1, a vent head 4 is fixedly connected and communicated with the upper side of the fixed shell 2, the vent head 4 is used to introduce hydrogen into the adjacent fixed shell 2, a solenoid valve (existing device and electrically connected to the control terminal) electrically connected to the control terminal is installed in the vent head 4, two inert filler plates 5 symmetrically distributed up and down are fixedly connected in the fixed shell 2, the inert filler plates 5 are porous air-permeable plates, and the catalyst is placed between the two inert filler plates 5 A first liquid guide ring 6 is fixedly connected to the upper side of the fixed shell 2. The first liquid guide ring 6 is connected to a hydraulic pump (an existing device and electrically connected to a control terminal) through a hose. The hydraulic pump is used to simultaneously introduce the pressurized fatty alcohol solution into the two first liquid guide rings 6. The fixed shell 2 is fixedly connected and connected to four pressure nozzles 7 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The pressure nozzles 7 are connected to the adjacent first liquid guide rings 6. The pressure nozzles 7 are located on the lower side of the inert filler plate 5 on the upper side of the same fixed shell 2 and are used to fill the solution into the catalyst at the upper part of the catalyst. The solution flows downward together with the hydrogen and reacts under the action of the catalyst. An annular airbag 8 is fixedly connected to the pressure nozzle 7. The annular airbag 8 controls the injection amount of the solution injected in the adjacent pressure nozzle 7 by blocking the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel in the adjacent pressure nozzle 7. The pressure nozzle 7 is connected to the fixed shell 2. The pressure nozzle 7 is provided with spherically distributed through holes, and the density and diameter of the through holes in the horizontal direction of the pressure nozzle 7 are greater than the density and diameter of the through holes on its upper and lower sides, which is used to increase the width of the pressure nozzle 7 spraying the solution in the horizontal direction and reduce the width of the pressure nozzle 7 spraying the solution in the vertical direction, so as to alleviate the degree of accumulation of the solution in the downward flow process. The inert filler plate 5 on the lower side of the fixed shell 2 is fixedly connected with four circumferentially uniformly distributed liquid inlet pipes 9 and four circumferentially uniformly distributed liquid outlet pipes 10. The liquid inlet pipe 9 is fixedly connected and connected to one of the adjacent liquid outlet pipes 10 with a uniformly distributed middle connecting pipe 11. The adjacent and connected liquid inlet pipes 9, liquid outlet pipes 10 and middle connecting pipe 11 are a group, and the distance between the liquid inlet pipe 9 and the liquid outlet pipe 10 in the same group is greater than the distance between the liquid inlet pipe 9 and the liquid outlet pipe 10 in the same group. The distance between the pressure nozzle 7 and another group of adjacent liquid outlet pipes 10 is such that the pressure nozzle 7 is located between the adjacent liquid inlet pipe 9 and the adjacent liquid outlet pipe 10 and on one side close to the adjacent liquid outlet pipe 10, so that the liquid inlet pipe 9 is always located at the overlapping position of the spraying ranges of the two adjacent pressure nozzles 7 to enhance the cooling efficiency at the overlapping position of the spraying ranges of the two pressure nozzles 7. The lower side of the fixed shell 2 is fixedly connected with a second liquid guide ring 12 and a third liquid guide ring 121. The second liquid guide ring 12 and the third liquid guide ring 121 are both connected to a cooling circulation pump (an existing device and electrically connected to a control terminal). The second liquid guide ring 12 is connected to the liquid inlet pipe 9 in the same fixed shell 2 for introducing cooling liquid into the liquid inlet pipe 9. The third liquid guide ring 121 is connected to the liquid outlet pipe 10 in the same fixed shell 2 for discharging the cooling liquid in the liquid outlet pipe 10.The cooling shell 3 is fixed with annular cooling tubes 13 that are symmetrically distributed and interconnected up and down. The upper annular cooling tube 13 is connected to the upper fixed shell 2, and the lower annular cooling tube 13 is connected to the lower ventilation head 4. The cooling shell 3 is provided with cooling pipes for cooling the hydrogen in the two annular cooling tubes 13. The cooling pipes are connected to the cooling circulation pump. The fixed shell 2 is provided with inflation mechanisms that are evenly distributed in the circumference and are respectively used to inflate the adjacent annular airbags 8. The inflation mechanisms are electrically connected to the control terminal.

[0023] Please check Figure 5-Figure 9 The inflation mechanism includes a pneumatic telescopic rod 14 fixed to the upper side of the adjacent fixed shell 2, the pneumatic telescopic rod 14 is connected to the adjacent group of annular airbags 8 through a hose, the pneumatic telescopic rod 14 is located near the adjacent group of liquid inlet pipes 9, a protective shell is fixed between the fixed part of the pneumatic telescopic rod 14 and the adjacent liquid inlet pipe 9, which is used to ensure that the normal retraction of the telescopic end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 14 is not hindered by the catalyst, a first elastic member 141 is fixed between the telescopic end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 14 and its fixed part, and the first elastic member 141 is a spring, and the liquid inlet pipe 9 is fixed with uniformly distributed The temperature sensor 20 is electrically connected to the control terminal, and the electric shaft 16 electrically connected to the control terminal is rotatably connected in the liquid inlet pipe 9. The upper side of the liquid inlet pipe 9 is rotatably connected to the swing frame 17. The rotation connection between the swing frame 17 and the adjacent liquid inlet pipe 9 is located on the side of the adjacent liquid inlet pipe 9 close to the adjacent pneumatic telescopic rod 14, which is used to control the swing frame 17 to swing toward the adjacent pneumatic telescopic rod 14. The telescopic end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 14 is fixedly connected to a connecting frame 142, and the connecting frame 142 is slidably connected to the adjacent swing frame 17. The frame 142 is slidably connected to the adjacent liquid inlet pipe 9. When the swing frame 17 swings to one side of the adjacent pneumatic telescopic rod 14, the swing frame 17 pushes the telescopic end of the adjacent pneumatic telescopic rod 14 to retract through the adjacent connecting frame 142. The electric rotating shaft 16 is threadedly connected with a moving block 18. The moving block 18 is fixedly connected with extrusion blocks 19 that are symmetrically distributed and extruded and matched with the adjacent swing frame 17. The extrusion blocks 19 are used to push the adjacent swing frame 17 to swing. A convex portion is provided on one side of the middle connecting pipe 11 close to the adjacent liquid inlet pipe 9. A guide is fixedly connected in the pressure nozzle 7. Liquid block 15, the liquid guiding block 15 is located inside the adjacent annular airbag 8, the liquid guiding block 15 is squeezed and matched with the adjacent annular airbag 8, and the liquid guiding block 15 is provided with through holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, which is used to ensure that even if the adjacent annular airbag 8 completely blocks the pressure nozzle 7, the pressure nozzle 7 can still maintain a minimum solution injection amount, so as to avoid the annular airbag 8 from aging after being used for too long, and uneven expansion during inflation, which accidentally blocks the pressure nozzle 7. A flow regulating component for regulating the circulating water flow in the middle connecting pipe 11 of the adjacent group is provided in the liquid inlet pipe 9.

[0024] Please check Figure 7-Figure 9The flow regulating component includes a sealing ring 21 that is evenly distributed and fixed to the protrusion of the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11. The inner side of the sealing ring 21 is a conical surface that is the same as the adjacent frustum-shaped sealing block 22. The side of the middle connecting pipe 11 close to the protrusion is slidably connected with a frustum-shaped sealing block 22 through a bracket. The frustum-shaped sealing block 22 is sealed and matched with the adjacent sealing ring 21, and the frustum-shaped sealing block 22 and the adjacent sealing ring 21 are in contact with each other in the initial state. When the frustum-shaped sealing block 22 moves and gradually staggers with the adjacent sealing ring 21, the gap between the two gradually increases, thereby increasing the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11. In order to control the flow of the inner cooling water, four liquid guide grooves 223 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction on one side of the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 close to the adjacent blocking ring 21. Even if the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 and the adjacent blocking ring 21 are kept in a completely fitted state, the coolant can still flow into the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11 through the adjacent liquid guide grooves 223, so that the middle connecting pipe 11 at this location always has the ability to cool the surrounding catalyst. A second elastic member 221 is fixedly connected between the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 and the inner bracket of the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11. The second elastic member 221 is a spring. One side of the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 close to the adjacent electric rotating shaft 16 The side ball is connected to a rolling ball 222, and the rolling ball 222 is used to promote the smoothness of the movement of the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block 22. The frustum-shaped blocking block 22 is squeezed and matched with the adjacent electric rotating shaft 16 through the rolling ball 222 thereon. At this time, the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 and the adjacent blocking ring 21 maintain a completely fitted state. The moving block 18 is fixedly connected to a squeezing plate 23, and the upper and lower sides of the squeezing plate 23 are provided with inclined surfaces. The squeezing plate 23 is squeezed and matched with the rolling ball 222 on the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block 22 through the inclined surface. The squeezing plate 23 is used to squeeze the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block 22 to move to the side away from the adjacent blocking ring 21, and the liquid inlet pipe The bottom of 9 is fixedly connected with a multi-stage telescopic rod 24 that is squeezed and matched with the rolling ball 222 on the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block 22. The telescopic end of the multi-stage telescopic rod 24 is fixedly connected to the adjacent extrusion plate 23, and the fixed part is located on the left side of the lower inclined surface of the adjacent extrusion plate 23 to ensure that the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 maintains smooth movement, and the multi-stage telescopic rod 24 is located between the adjacent electric rotating shaft 16 and the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block 22. The multi-stage telescopic rod 24 is used to prevent the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block 22 from being completely reset, thereby making the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11 have a larger flow rate than the initial state, thereby cooling the adjacent downward flowing solution.

[0025] Before using the device to prepare fatty amines, the staff first fills the catalyst into each fixed shell 2 so that the catalyst is located between two symmetrically distributed inert filler plates 5. At this time, the staff needs to ensure that the catalyst is in a uniform distribution state as much as possible. Then the staff connects the uppermost vent head 4 to the hydrogen tank, connects the first liquid guide ring 6 to the liquid storage tank for storing fatty alcohol solution, connects the second liquid guide ring 12 and the third liquid guide ring 121 to the cooling circulation pump, and then the staff starts the control terminal to start the production program for preparing fatty amines.

[0026] When the control terminal starts to prepare fatty amines, the control terminal opens the electromagnetic valve in the uppermost ventilation head 4, and the ventilation head 4 introduces hydrogen into the upper fixed shell 2. The control terminal starts the cooling circulation pump at the same time, and circulating cooling water is introduced into the second liquid guide ring 12 and the cooling pipeline on the cooling shell 3 through the cooling circulation pump. The circulating cooling water flows into the adjacent liquid inlet pipe 9 through the second liquid guide ring 12, and the coolant in the liquid inlet pipe 9 flows into the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11. The cooling water cools the adjacent catalyst through the liquid inlet pipe 9, the liquid outlet pipe 10 and the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11 to control the reaction temperature. The cooling water finally flows back from the middle connecting pipe 11 through the adjacent liquid outlet pipe 10 to the third liquid guide ring 121, and is discharged from the third liquid guide ring 121 to the cooling circulation pump. The control terminal introduces a high-pressure solution into the first liquid guide ring 6 through the hydraulic pump, and the solution enters through the first liquid guide ring 6 The solution is uniformly distributed in the pressure nozzles 7, and then the solution is sprayed into the catalyst along a spherical path through the pressure nozzles 7, and the amount of the solution sprayed horizontally is greater than the amount of the solution sprayed vertically, so as to avoid the vertically sprayed solution from gathering together in large quantities during the downward flow, and the vertical concentration of the solution increases, which is easy to cause violent reaction overheating. Moreover, because the liquid inlet pipe 9 is located near the intersection of the spherical range between two adjacent pressure nozzles 7, the solutions sprayed from the two adjacent pressure nozzles 7 intersect near the liquid inlet pipe 9, which is convenient for the liquid inlet pipe 9 to provide sufficient cooling effect there through the cooling water therein, so as to avoid the solution from having a large concentration at the time of intersection, resulting in violent reaction of the solution, rapid increase in the temperature of the solution, and the like. The solution entering the fixed shell 2 and the hydrogen entering the fixed shell 2 contact each other and flow downward together, and the solution and the hydrogen gradually react to generate fatty amines during the contact process.

[0027] The solution, hydrogen and synthesized fatty amine flow to the lower side of the adjacent fixed shell 2 during the downward flow, and are then uniformly discharged through the drain port. The hydrogen introduced into the upper fixed shell 2 flows to the lower side of the adjacent fixed shell 2, and is introduced into the upper annular cooling pipe 13 through the exhaust port. Subsequently, the hydrogen flows into the lower annular cooling pipe 13 through the hose. After the cooling pipe in the cooling shell 3 sufficiently cools the hydrogen, the hydrogen flows through the hose to the vent head 4 of the lower fixed shell 2, continues to react, and is subsequently discharged outwardly through the exhaust port at the bottom of the lower fixed shell 2.

[0028] When the catalyst in the fixed shell 2 is worn due to consumption and other reasons, resulting in poor local permeability, the solution and hydrogen are affected by the catalyst permeability when passing through this place, and cannot flow downward smoothly, resulting in a slow flow rate of the solution and hydrogen. This causes the solution and hydrogen to continue to accumulate and react in a small range, generating heat accumulation, and the heat cannot be discharged normally with the solution and hydrogen flowing downward, resulting in a local temperature runaway phenomenon. At this time, the temperature sensor 20 near the position detects a local increase in the temperature of the catalyst near the location, and feeds back data to the control terminal. The control terminal controls the electric shaft 16 in the adjacent liquid inlet pipe 9 to rotate, reducing the discharge of the nearby solution and improving the cooling effect of the catalyst at this location. The specific working principle is as follows: At this time, taking the leftmost liquid inlet pipe 9 and adjacent components as an example, the control terminal controls the electric rotating shaft 16 to rotate, and the electric rotating shaft 16 drives the moving block 18 and its adjacent components to move upward through the thread thereon, and controls the moving block 18 to stay at the position with the highest temperature on the liquid inlet pipe 9. If the position where local temperature rise occurs is relatively close to the inert filler plate 5 on the lower side, then in this process, the extrusion block 19 on the moving block 18 finally stays on the lower side of the swing frame 17 and does not contact the swing frame 17. The swing frame 17 and adjacent components are not affected. At this time, the amount of solution sprayed in the adjacent pressure nozzle 7 is not changed. If the position where local temperature rise occurs is relatively close to the inert filler plate 5 on the upper side, then in this process, the moving block 18 drives the extrusion block 19 thereon to move upward, the extrusion block 19 squeezes the swing frame 17, and the upper side of the swing frame 17 swings to the left. The swing frame 17 drives the connecting frame 142 to move to the left together, and the connecting frame 142 pushes the telescopic end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 14 to retract to the left, and the first elastic The telescopic end of the component 141 is compressed to store force, and the telescopic end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 14 is retracted to ventilate the connected annular airbag 8, and the annular airbag 8 expands, reducing the flow area in the adjacent pressure nozzle 7, thereby indirectly reducing the amount of solution sprayed by the adjacent pressure nozzle 7 to alleviate the occurrence of the temperature rise phenomenon. The greater the distance the moving block 18 moves upward, the more the pressure nozzle 7 reduces the amount of solution sprayed. In this way, when the temperature rise position is close to the upper part of the fixed shell 2, the temperature gradually accumulates as the solution propagates downward, resulting in the longer the solution moves, the more intense the temperature accumulation, causing the range of temperature rise to gradually extend downward. When the annular airbag 8 is fully expanded and the annular airbag 8 is fully squeezed and matched with the liquid guide block 15, the solution can still flow into the pressure nozzle 7 through the through hole on the liquid guide block 15. Therefore, the annular airbag 8 will not completely block the adjacent pressure nozzle 7, and the pressure nozzle 7 always has the ability to replenish a small amount of solution into the fixed shell 2 to maintain the reaction.

[0029] When the moving block 18 and the extrusion plate 23 do not move upward, the cone-shaped blocking block 22 located on the upper side of the extrusion plate 23 is always squeezed and matched with the electric shaft 16 through the rolling ball 222 thereon. At this time, the cone-shaped blocking block 22 is completely inserted into the adjacent blocking ring 21, and the coolant can only flow from the left side of the cone-shaped blocking block 22 through the adjacent liquid guide groove 223 to the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11. Therefore, the cooling efficiency of the coolant and the upper middle connecting pipe 11 for the adjacent catalyst and solution is low, which promotes the reaction to proceed at normal temperature. When the temperature sensor 20 detects that the temperature of the nearby catalyst has increased, the control terminal controls the electric shaft When the moving block 18 is driven by the movable block 18 to move upward, the extrusion plate 23 and the telescopic ends of the multi-stage telescopic rod 24 move upward with the moving block 18, and the extrusion plate 23 gradually squeezes the rolling ball 222 on the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block 22 through the inclined surface of its upper side surface. The frustum-shaped blocking block 22 is squeezed and gradually moves to the right, and the adjacent second elastic member 221 is compressed and stored. The frustum-shaped blocking block 22 gradually releases the cooperation with the adjacent blocking ring 21, and the gap between the two gradually increases. At this time, the flow rate of the coolant entering the middle connecting pipe 11 gradually increases, thereby enhancing the cooling efficiency of the adjacent catalyst, thereby alleviating the temperature rise phenomenon.

[0030] When the inclined surface on the upper side of the extrusion plate 23 squeezes the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block 22, the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 located at the lower side of the extrusion plate 23 and adjacent to it just moves to the inclined surface on the lower side of the extrusion plate 23. In the process of the extrusion plate 23 moving upward, the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 located at the lower side of the extrusion plate 23 and adjacent to it gradually slides to the left along the inclined surface on the lower side of the extrusion plate 23 under the action of the elastic force of the adjacent second elastic member 221, thereby reducing the flow area in the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11, thereby reducing the cooling efficiency at the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11, avoiding continuous and excessive cooling efficiency to excessively cool the adjacent catalyst, resulting in too low a temperature on the lower side of the fixed shell 2 and a slow reaction speed of the solution. When the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 breaks away from contact with the extrusion plate 23, the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 begins to contact the telescopic end of the multi-stage telescopic rod 24, thereby making it impossible for the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 to return to the position where it cooperates with the adjacent sealing ring 21, thereby retaining a certain degree of cooling efficiency for the adjacent catalyst.

[0031] When the staff has produced enough fatty amine, they shut down the production program through the control terminal. The control terminal controls the electric shaft 16 to drive the adjacent parts to reset, and simultaneously shuts down the solenoid valves, hydraulic pumps and cooling circulation pumps at various locations. Then the staff observes the data recorded during production through the control terminal, and cleans or adjusts the device accordingly to facilitate production use on the lower side.

[0032] In Example 1, the two annular cooling tubes 13 are interconnected by a hose, and the path of hydrogen flowing in the two annular cooling tubes 13 always remains fixed. In Example 2, the two annular cooling tubes 13 can only be interconnected by a fixed tube 32, and the path of hydrogen circulating in the two annular cooling tubes 13 is changed by changing the position of the fixed tube 32.

[0033] Example 2: When hydrogen is introduced into the fixed bed of the existing device, in order to ensure the recycling of hydrogen, hydrogen will be continuously introduced into the fixed beds in series. In order to ensure the cooling temperature of the hydrogen before introduction and avoid the introduction of too high temperature hydrogen which will lead to the intensified reaction in the adjacent fixed bed, it is usually necessary to cool the hydrogen between the two fixed beds. However, the existing device has the same cooling efficiency for the hydrogen between the fixed beds, and will not adjust the cooling amplitude according to the temperature of the introduced hydrogen, which often leads to unstable temperature of the hydrogen introduced into the next fixed bed, and has an adverse effect on the reaction rate in the next fixed bed.

[0034] Please check Figure 3 , Fig.10 and Fig.11 , also includes an adjusting mechanism arranged in the cooling shell 3, the adjusting mechanism is used to adjust the cooling efficiency of the hydrogen in the annular cooling tube 13, the adjusting mechanism includes a hydraulic telescopic rod 30 fixedly connected to the cooling shell 3, the hydraulic telescopic rod 30 is electrically connected to the control terminal, a sliding telescopic rod 31 is fixedly connected to the cooling shell 3, the telescopic end of the sliding telescopic rod 31 and the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 30 are both provided with vertical through holes, the through holes of the telescopic end of the sliding telescopic rod 31 and the through holes of the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 30 are jointly fixedly connected and connected with a fixed tube 32, so that the movement of the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 30 synchronously drives the fixed tube 32 to move, and the fixed tube 32 is simultaneously connected with the upper and lower annular cooling tubes 13 through the through holes on the sliding telescopic rod 31 and the through holes on the hydraulic telescopic rod 30, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the length of the circulation path of the hydrogen in the two annular cooling tubes 13, and the telescopic ends of the sliding telescopic rod 31 and the hydraulic telescopic rod 30 are respectively sealed and matched with adjacent annular cooling tubes 13.

[0035] When the upper fixed shell 2 reacts relatively steadily, the temperature of the hydrogen flowing out of the upper exhaust port is relatively stable. At this time, the hydrogen only needs to be cooled slightly to be discharged into the lower fixed shell 2. At this time, the control terminal controls the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 30 to extend to the left, so that the through hole on the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 30 is connected with the leftmost pipe of the annular cooling pipe 13. At this time, the hydrogen only flows through the outermost pipe of the upper annular cooling pipe 13, and the hydrogen flows through the fixed pipe 32 to the lower annular cooling pipe 13, and then flows through the lower annular cooling pipe 13 to the lower ventilation head 4. When the upper fixed shell 2 reacts relatively violently, resulting in a high temperature in the upper fixed shell 2, At this time, it is necessary to significantly cool the outflowing hydrogen to facilitate the control of the reaction temperature in the lower fixed shell 2. At this time, the control terminal controls the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 30 to retract to the right in stages (each retraction can ensure that the upper and lower annular cooling tubes 13 are interconnected through the fixed tube 32). The retraction degree of the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 30 is proportional to the temperature in the upper fixed shell 2. At this time, the hydrogen entering the upper annular cooling tube 13 needs to pass through a longer path before it can flow through the fixed tube 32 to the lower annular cooling tube 13, thereby successively reducing the temperature of the hydrogen entering the lower fixed shell 2, thereby assisting the lower fixed shell 2 to react more stably.

[0036] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the content of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines, comprising a fixed base (1), the fixed base (1) being fixedly connected to a vertically distributed fixed shell (2), two adjacent fixed shells (2) being fixedly connected to a cooling shell (3), the upper side of the fixed shell (2) being fixedly connected to and in communication with a vent head (4), and symmetrically distributed inert filler plates (5) being fixedly connected inside the fixed shell (2), characterized in that: The invention also comprises a symmetrically distributed first liquid guide ring (6), the first liquid guide ring (6) being fixedly connected to the upper side of the adjacent fixed shell (2), the fixed shell (2) being fixedly connected and connected to a circumferentially uniformly distributed pressure nozzle (7), the pressure nozzle (7) being connected to the adjacent first liquid guide ring (6), the pressure nozzle (7) being located at the lower side of the inert filler plate (5) on the upper side inside the same fixed shell (2), an annular air bag (8) being fixedly connected inside the pressure nozzle (7), the pressure nozzle (7) being provided with spherically distributed through holes, the fixed shell ( 2) The inert filler plate (5) on the inner lower side is fixedly connected with a circumferentially uniformly distributed liquid inlet pipe (9) and a circumferentially uniformly distributed liquid outlet pipe (10); the liquid inlet pipe (9) is fixedly connected and connected to one of the adjacent liquid outlet pipes (10) with a uniformly distributed middle connecting pipe (11); the number of the pressure nozzles (7), the liquid outlet pipes (10) and the liquid inlet pipes (9) in the same fixed shell (2) is the same; and the fixed shell (2) is provided with inflation mechanisms that are uniformly distributed in the circumference and are respectively used to inflate the adjacent annular airbags (8).

2. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second liquid guide ring (12) and a third liquid guide ring (121) are fixedly connected to the lower side of the fixed shell (2); the second liquid guide ring (12) is connected to the liquid inlet pipe (9) in the same fixed shell (2); the third liquid guide ring (121) is connected to the liquid outlet pipe (10) in the same fixed shell (2); and annular cooling pipes (13) that are symmetrically distributed and connected to each other are fixedly connected to the cooling shell (3); one of the annular cooling pipes (13) is connected to the fixed shell (2) on the upper side, and the other annular cooling pipe (13) is connected to the ventilation head (4) on the lower side.

3. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjacent and connected liquid inlet pipes (9), the liquid outlet pipes (10) and the middle connecting pipe (11) form a group, the distance between the liquid inlet pipe (9) and the liquid outlet pipes (10) of the same group is greater than the distance between the liquid inlet pipe (9) and another group of adjacent liquid outlet pipes (10), and the pressure nozzle (7) is located between the adjacent liquid inlet pipes (9) and the adjacent liquid outlet pipes (10) on one side close to the adjacent liquid outlet pipes (10).

4. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines according to claim 3, characterized in that: The through-hole density and diameter of the pressure nozzle (7) in the horizontal direction are greater than the through-hole density and diameter on its upper and lower sides.

5. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inflation mechanism comprises a pneumatic telescopic rod (14), the pneumatic telescopic rod (14) being fixedly connected to the adjacent fixed shell (2) near the adjacent group of liquid inlet pipes (9), the pneumatic telescopic rod (14) being connected to the adjacent group of annular airbags (8) via a hose, a first elastic member (141) being fixedly connected between the telescopic end of the pneumatic telescopic rod (14) and its fixed portion, the liquid inlet pipe (9) being fixedly connected to uniformly distributed temperature measuring sensors (20), the liquid inlet pipe (9) being rotatably connected to an electric rotating shaft (16), the upper side of the liquid inlet pipe (9) being rotatably connected to a swing frame (17), the extension and extension of the pneumatic telescopic rod (14) The contracted end is fixedly connected with a connecting frame (142), the connecting frame (142) is slidably connected to the adjacent swing frame (17), the connecting frame (142) is slidably connected to the adjacent liquid inlet pipe (9), the electric rotating shaft (16) is threadedly connected with a moving block (18), the moving block (18) is fixedly connected with extrusion blocks (19) which are symmetrically distributed and are extrusion-matched with the adjacent swing frame (17), a protrusion is provided on one side of the middle connecting pipe (11) close to the adjacent liquid inlet pipe (9), and a flow regulating component for regulating the circulating water flow in the adjacent group of the middle connecting pipes (11) is provided in the liquid inlet pipe (9).

6. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines according to claim 4, characterized in that: A liquid guide block (15) is fixedly connected inside the pressure nozzle (7), the liquid guide block (15) is extruded and matched with the adjacent annular airbag (8), and the liquid guide block (15) is provided with through holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

7. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines according to claim 5, characterized in that: The flow regulating component comprises evenly distributed blocking rings (21), the blocking rings (21) being fixedly connected to the raised portion of the adjacent middle connecting tube (11), a frustum-shaped blocking block (22) being slidably connected to the side of the middle connecting tube (11) close to the raised portion through a bracket, the frustum-shaped blocking block (22) being blocked and matched with the adjacent blocking ring (21), a second elastic member (221) being fixedly connected between the frustum-shaped blocking block (22) and the bracket inside the adjacent middle connecting tube (11), a rolling ball (222) being ball-connected to the side of the frustum-shaped blocking block (22) close to the adjacent electric rotating shaft (16), the frustum-shaped blocking block (22) being pressed and matched with the adjacent electric rotating shaft (16) through the rolling ball (222) thereon, and the moving block (18) being fixedly connected to an extrusion plate (23) being pressed and matched with the rolling ball (222) on the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block (22).

8. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines according to claim 7, characterized in that: A side of the frustum-shaped blocking block (22) close to the adjacent blocking ring (21) is provided with liquid guide grooves (223) evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

9. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines according to claim 7, characterized in that: A multi-stage telescopic rod (24) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the liquid inlet pipe (9) and is extruded and matched with the rolling ball (222) on the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block (22). The telescopic end of the multi-stage telescopic rod (24) is fixedly connected to the adjacent extrusion plate (23), and the multi-stage telescopic rod (24) is located between the adjacent electric rotating shaft (16) and the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block (22).

10. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling device further comprises an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the cooling efficiency of the hydrogen in the annular cooling tube (13). The adjusting mechanism is arranged in the cooling shell (3). The adjusting mechanism comprises a hydraulic telescopic rod (30). The hydraulic telescopic rod (30) is fixedly connected in the cooling shell (3). A sliding telescopic rod (31) is fixedly connected in the cooling shell (3). The telescopic end of the sliding telescopic rod (31) and the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (30) are both provided with through holes, and the through holes of the two are fixedly connected and connected with a fixed tube (32). The telescopic end of the sliding telescopic rod (31) and the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (30) are respectively sealed and matched with the adjacent annular cooling tube (13). The fixed tube (32) is simultaneously connected with the symmetrically distributed annular cooling tube (13) through the through holes on the sliding telescopic rod (31) and the through holes on the hydraulic telescopic rod (30).

Images