A fixed-bed device for synthesizing fatty amines

Abstract

The present invention specifically discloses a fixed-bed device for synthesizing fatty amines, which relates to the technical field of fixed-bed reactors. Aiming at the problem that the existing device cannot regulate the above-mentioned local temperature runaway situation. It includes a fixed seat, the fixed seat is fixedly connected with a vertically distributed fixed shell, and adjacent two of the fixed shells are jointly fixedly connected with a cooling shell. Symmetrically distributed inert packing plates are fixedly connected inside the fixed shell. The fixed shell is fixedly connected and communicated with circumferentially and uniformly distributed pressure spray nozzles. An annular airbag is fixedly connected inside the pressure spray nozzle, and the pressure spray nozzle is provided with spherically distributed through holes. By the mutual cooperation of the pressure spray nozzle and the annular airbag, the present invention adjusts the quantity of fatty alcohol sprayed by the local pressure spray nozzle, puts less fatty alcohol at the position prone to temperature runaway, controls the reaction speed to relieve the temperature runaway phenomenon, and does not affect the normal reaction of fatty alcohol in other parts, maintaining the purity and efficiency of producing fatty amines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fixed bed reactors, and in particular discloses a fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines. Background Art

[0002] Fixed bed reactor is a kind of reactor commonly used in chemical industry. The difference between fixed bed reactor and other reactors is that the catalyst inside is always in a stacked state. The large amount of accumulated catalyst has no relative movement and no relative friction during the reaction process. Therefore, the life of the catalyst is relatively long. When producing fatty amines in existing fixed beds, fatty alcohols and hydrogen are usually mixed together to form mist gas and then introduced into the reactor. Fatty alcohols and hydrogen react spontaneously after contacting with the catalyst. Because the reaction between fatty alcohols and hydrogen is an exothermic reaction, the reaction degree and temperature during the reaction of the two will gradually increase with the reaction time. It is necessary to cool down the fixed bed reactor. The existing fixed bed reactor is filled with It is difficult to keep the catalyst absolutely uniform, and the catalyst gradually wears away as the reaction proceeds, causing some catalyst particles to gradually become smaller and the gaps between the catalysts to gradually become denser, making it more difficult for fatty alcohols and hydrogen to pass through the catalyst during the downward flow. When fatty alcohols and hydrogen pass through the catalyst, fatty alcohols and hydrogen accumulate in large quantities there due to poor flow, causing the reaction temperature to rise rapidly locally, resulting in a temperature runaway phenomenon. Temperature runaway can lead to intensified side reactions of fatty alcohols and hydrogen, affecting the purity of fatty amines produced there. Existing devices cannot regulate the above-mentioned local temperature runaway conditions, and can only uniformly increase the cooling intensity or reduce the amount of reactants added, which will undoubtedly affect the normal production efficiency of existing devices. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcoming that the existing device cannot regulate the above-mentioned local temperature fluctuation, the present invention provides a fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines.

[0004] The technical solution is as follows: A fixed-bed device for synthesizing fatty amines includes a fixed seat. The fixed seat is fixedly connected with a vertically distributed fixed shell. Two adjacent fixed shells are jointly fixedly connected with a cooling shell. The upper side of the fixed shell is fixedly connected and communicated with an air vent head. Symmetrically distributed inert filler plates are fixedly connected inside the fixed shell. A first liquid guide ring is fixedly connected to the upper side of the fixed shell. The fixed shell is fixedly connected and communicated with circumferentially uniformly distributed pressure spray heads. The pressure spray heads are communicated with the adjacent first liquid guide rings. The pressure spray heads are located below the inert filler plates on the upper side inside the same fixed shell. An annular airbag is fixedly connected inside the pressure spray heads. The pressure spray heads are provided with spherically distributed through holes. Circumferentially uniformly distributed liquid inlet pipes and circumferentially uniformly distributed liquid outlet pipes are fixedly connected to the inert filler plates on the lower side inside the fixed shell. Uniformly distributed middle connecting pipes are fixedly connected and communicated between one of the liquid inlet pipes and an adjacent liquid outlet pipe. The number of the pressure spray heads, the liquid outlet pipes, and the liquid inlet pipes inside the same fixed shell is the same. An inflation mechanism that is circumferentially uniformly distributed and is respectively used for inflating the adjacent annular airbags is arranged inside the fixed shell.

[0005] Furthermore, a second liquid guide ring and a third liquid guide ring are fixedly connected to the lower side of the fixed shell. The second liquid guide ring is communicated with the liquid inlet pipes inside the same fixed shell. The third liquid guide ring is communicated with the liquid outlet pipes inside the same fixed shell. Circumferentially symmetrically distributed and mutually communicated annular cooling pipes are fixedly connected inside the cooling shell. One of the annular cooling pipes is communicated with the upper fixed shell. The other annular cooling pipe is communicated with the lower air vent head.

[0006] Furthermore, the adjacent and communicated liquid inlet pipes, the liquid outlet pipes, and the middle connecting pipes are in a group. The distance between the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe in the same group is greater than the distance between the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe in another adjacent group. The pressure spray heads are located on the side close to the adjacent liquid outlet pipe between the adjacent liquid inlet pipes and the adjacent liquid outlet pipes.

[0007] Furthermore, the density and diameter of the through holes in the horizontal direction of the pressure spray heads are greater than those of the through holes on their upper and lower sides.

[0008] Furthermore, the inflation mechanism includes a pneumatic telescopic rod, which is fixedly connected to the adjacent fixed shell near the adjacent group of liquid inlet pipes. The pneumatic telescopic rod is communicated with the adjacent group of annular air bags through a hose. A first elastic member is fixedly connected between the telescopic end and the fixed part of the pneumatic telescopic rod. The liquid inlet pipe is fixedly connected with temperature sensors evenly distributed thereon. The liquid inlet pipe is rotatably connected with an electric rotating shaft. A swing frame is rotatably connected to the upper side of the liquid inlet pipe. The telescopic end of the pneumatic telescopic rod is fixedly connected with a connecting frame, which is slidably connected with the adjacent swing frame and slidably connected with the adjacent liquid inlet pipe. The electric rotating shaft is threadedly connected with a moving block, and the moving block is fixedly connected with extrusion blocks symmetrically distributed and both extrusion blocks are in extrusion fit with the adjacent swing frame. A convex part is arranged on one side of the middle connecting pipe close to the adjacent liquid inlet pipe. A flow rate adjusting component for adjusting the flow rate of the circulating water in the adjacent group of middle connecting pipes is arranged in the liquid inlet pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, a liquid guiding block is fixedly connected inside the pressure nozzle, and the liquid guiding block is in extrusion fit with the adjacent annular air bag. The liquid guiding block is provided with through holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

[0010] Furthermore, the flow rate adjusting component includes evenly distributed plugging rings, which are fixedly connected inside the convex parts of the adjacent middle connecting pipes. A frustum-shaped plugging block is slidably connected to one side of the middle connecting pipe close to the convex part through a bracket. The frustum-shaped plugging block is in plugging fit with the adjacent plugging ring. A second elastic member is fixedly connected between the frustum-shaped plugging block and the bracket inside the adjacent middle connecting pipe. A rolling ball is ball-jointed to one side of the frustum-shaped plugging block close to the adjacent electric rotating shaft. The frustum-shaped plugging block is in extrusion fit with the adjacent electric rotating shaft through the rolling ball thereon. The moving block is fixedly connected with an extrusion plate that is in extrusion fit with the rolling ball on the adjacent frustum-shaped plugging block.

[0011] Furthermore, a circumferentially evenly distributed liquid guiding groove is arranged on one side of the frustum-shaped plugging block close to the adjacent plugging ring.

[0012] Furthermore, a multi-stage telescopic rod that is in extrusion fit with the rolling ball on the adjacent frustum-shaped plugging block is fixedly connected to the bottom of the liquid inlet pipe. The telescopic end of the multi-stage telescopic rod is fixedly connected with the adjacent extrusion plate, and the multi-stage telescopic rod is located between the adjacent electric rotating shaft and the adjacent frustum-shaped plugging block.

[0013] Further, it further includes an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the hydrogen cooling efficiency in the annular cooling pipe. The adjusting mechanism is arranged in the cooling shell. The adjusting mechanism includes a hydraulic telescopic rod, which is fixedly connected in the cooling shell. A sliding telescopic rod is fixedly connected in the cooling shell. Through holes are provided at the telescopic ends of the sliding telescopic rod and the hydraulic telescopic rod, and the through holes of the two are fixedly connected and communicated with a fixed pipe. The telescopic ends of the sliding telescopic rod and the hydraulic telescopic rod are respectively in sealing cooperation with the adjacent annular cooling pipes. The fixed pipe is communicated with the symmetrically distributed annular cooling pipes through the through holes on the sliding telescopic rod and the through holes on the hydraulic telescopic rod at the same time.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Through the mutual cooperation of the pressure nozzle and the annular airbag, the present invention adjusts the quantity of fatty alcohol sprayed by the local pressure nozzle, puts less fatty alcohol at the position where thermal runaway is likely to occur, controls the reaction rate to relieve the thermal runaway phenomenon, and does not affect the normal reaction of fatty alcohol in other parts, maintaining the purity and efficiency of producing fatty amine.

[0015] On this basis, the present invention also ensures the minimum spraying quantity of adjacent pressure nozzles through the liquid guide block, more conveniently and rigorously controls the spraying quantity of adjacent pressure nozzles, promotes the normal production of nearby fatty amine, and does not cause the problem of local reaction stop.

[0016] On this basis, by adjusting the cooling efficiency of the adjacent middle connecting pipes, the present invention focuses on cooling the parts where thermal runaway occurs, relieves the thermal runaway phenomenon, and reduces the influence on the reaction rate of other parts, ensuring the smooth progress of the overall reaction.

[0017] On this basis, the present invention drives adjacent components through the hydraulic telescopic rod to adjust the cooling efficiency of the symmetrically distributed annular cooling pipes for hydrogen, ensures the sufficient utilization of hydrogen, and controls the reaction rate in the lower fixed shell by controlling the temperature of hydrogen, promoting the normal reaction of fatty alcohol in the lower fixed shell. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the fixed shell, the cooling shell and the ventilation head of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the fixed shell, the cooling shell and the annular cooling pipe of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 is a sectional view of the fixed shell, the inert filler plate and the first liquid guide ring of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 Schematic perspective view of the liquid inlet pipe, liquid outlet pipe and middle connecting pipe of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 Cross-sectional view of the pressure nozzle, annular airbag and liquid guiding block of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 Cross-sectional view of the liquid inlet pipe, liquid outlet pipe and middle connecting pipe of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 Schematic perspective view of the liquid inlet pipe, electric rotating shaft and moving block of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 9 Schematic perspective view of the liquid inlet pipe, electric rotating shaft and swing frame of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 10 Schematic perspective view of the hydraulic telescopic rod, sliding telescopic rod and fixed pipe of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 11 Cross-sectional view of the annular cooling pipe, sliding telescopic rod and fixed pipe of the present invention.

[0029] The reference signs in the drawings are specifically: 1 - fixed seat, 2 - fixed shell, 3 - cooling shell, 4 - ventilation head, 5 - inert packing plate, 6 - first liquid guiding ring, 7 - pressure nozzle, 8 - annular airbag, 9 - liquid inlet pipe, 10 - liquid outlet pipe, 11 - middle connecting pipe, 12 - second liquid guiding ring, 121 - third liquid guiding ring, 13 - annular cooling pipe, 14 - pneumatic telescopic rod, 141 - first elastic member, 142 - connecting frame, 15 - liquid guiding block, 16 - electric rotating shaft, 17 - swing frame, 18 - moving block, 19 - extrusion block, 20 - temperature measuring sensor, 21 - sealing ring, 22 - frustum-shaped sealing block, 221 - second elastic member, 222 - rolling ball, 223 - liquid guiding groove, 23 - extrusion plate, 24 - multi-stage telescopic rod, 30 - hydraulic telescopic rod, 31 - sliding telescopic rod, 32 - fixed pipe. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] It should be noted first that in different described embodiments, the same components are provided with the same reference signs or the same component names. Among them, the disclosed content included in the entire specification can be meaningfully applied to the same components with the same reference signs or the same component names. The positional descriptions selected in the specification, such as up, down, etc., also refer to the directly described and illustrated drawings and are meaningfully applied to the new positions when the positions change.

[0031] Example 1: When producing fatty amines with existing devices, due to uneven catalyst filling or catalyst consumption during production, the voids between catalyst particles become smaller and denser. This causes the fatty alcohol solution and hydrogen to be unable to pass through and flow downward at a normal rate, leading to a temperature runaway phenomenon. The temperature runaway phenomenon causes the fatty alcohol and hydrogen to react excessively and produce side reactions. However, the existing device does not have the function of adjusting the local temperature or the amount of medicine added in the fixed bed according to the temperature. It can only reduce the overall reaction efficiency in the fixed bed by reducing the quantity of reactants put in or increasing the cooling intensity, thereby alleviating the local temperature runaway situation. Hereinafter, the solution refers to the fatty alcohol solution.

[0032] To address the above problems, the present invention proposes a fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines. Please refer to Figures 1-6, including a fixed seat 1, a control terminal is arranged on the front side of the fixed shell 2, a liquid discharge port for discharging the solution and an exhaust port for discharging hydrogen are arranged at the bottom of the fixed shell 2, a gas stop valve (existing device) is installed in the liquid discharge port, the fixed seat 1 is fixedly connected with two vertically distributed fixed shells 2, a cooling shell 3 is fixedly connected between the two fixed shells 2, the cooling shell 3 is fixedly connected with the fixed seat 1, a ventilation head 4 is fixedly connected and communicated with the upper side of the fixed shell 2, the ventilation head 4 is used for introducing hydrogen into the adjacent fixed shell 2, and an electromagnetic valve (existing device and electrically connected with the control terminal) is installed in the ventilation head 4, two inert packing plates 5 which are symmetrically distributed up and down are fixedly connected in the fixed shell 2, the inert packing plates 5 are porous breathable plates, a catalyst is placed between the two inert packing plates 5, a first liquid guide ring 6 is fixedly connected to the upper side of the fixed shell 2, the first liquid guide ring 6 is communicated with a hydraulic pump (existing device and electrically connected with the control terminal) through a hose, the hydraulic pump is used for simultaneously introducing a pressure-stored fatty alcohol solution into the two first liquid guide rings 6, the fixed shell 2 is fixedly connected and communicated with four pressure spray nozzles 7 which are circumferentially and evenly distributed, the pressure spray nozzles 7 are communicated with the adjacent first liquid guide ring 6, the pressure spray nozzles 7 are located below the upper-side inert packing plate 5 in the same fixed shell 2 and are used for filling the solution into the catalyst above the catalyst, the solution and hydrogen flow downward together and react under the action of the catalyst, a ring-shaped airbag 8 is fixedly connected in the pressure spray nozzle 7, the ring-shaped airbag 8 controls the spraying amount of the solution sprayed in the adjacent pressure spray nozzle 7 by blocking the cross-sectional area of the flow channel in the adjacent pressure spray nozzle 7, the pressure spray nozzle 7 is provided with through holes distributed in a spherical shape, and the density and diameter of the through holes in the horizontal direction of the pressure spray nozzle 7 are both larger than the density and diameter of the through holes on its upper and lower sides, which is used to increase the breadth of the solution sprayed by the pressure spray nozzle 7 in the horizontal direction and reduce the breadth of the solution sprayed by the pressure spray nozzle 7 in the vertical direction, and relieve the degree of accumulation of the solution during the downward flow, four liquid inlet pipes 9 which are circumferentially and evenly distributed and four liquid outlet pipes 10 which are circumferentially and evenly distributed are fixedly connected to the lower-side inert packing plate 5 in the fixed shell 2, a middle communication pipe 11 which is evenly distributed is fixedly connected and communicated between one of the adjacent liquid inlet pipes 9 and the adjacent liquid outlet pipe 10, the adjacent and communicated liquid inlet pipe 9, liquid outlet pipe 10 and middle communication pipe 11 are a group, the distance between the liquid inlet pipe 9 and the liquid outlet pipe 10 in the same group is greater than the distance between the liquid inlet pipe 9 and the liquid outlet pipe 10 in another adjacent group, the pressure spray nozzle 7 is located on the side close to the adjacent liquid outlet pipe 10 between the adjacent liquid inlet pipe 9 and the adjacent liquid outlet pipe 10, so that the liquid inlet pipe 9 is always located at the overlapping part of the spraying ranges of the adjacent two pressure spray nozzles 7 to enhance the cooling efficiency of the overlapping part of the spraying ranges of the two pressure spray nozzles 7, a second liquid guide ring 12 and a third liquid guide ring 121 are fixedly connected to the lower side of the fixed shell 2, both the second liquid guide ring 12 and the third liquid guide ring 121 are communicated with a cooling circulation pump (existing device and electrically connected with the control terminal), the second liquid guide ring 12 is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe 9 in the same fixed shell 2 and is used for introducing a coolant into the liquid inlet pipe 9, and the third liquid guide ring 121 is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe 10 in the same fixed shell 2 and is used for discharging the coolant in the liquid outlet pipe 10,An annular cooling pipe 13 which is symmetrically distributed up and down and interconnected is fixedly connected inside the cooling shell 3. The upper annular cooling pipe 13 is communicated with the upper fixed shell 2, and the lower annular cooling pipe 13 is communicated with the lower vent head 4. A cooling pipeline for cooling the hydrogen in the two annular cooling pipes 13 is arranged inside the cooling shell 3, and the cooling pipeline is communicated with a cooling circulation pump. An inflation mechanism which is circumferentially and uniformly distributed and is respectively used for inflating adjacent annular air bags 8 is arranged inside the fixed shell 2, and the inflation mechanism is electrically connected with a control terminal.,

[0033] Please refer to Figures 5-9 The inflation mechanism includes a pneumatic telescopic rod 14 fixedly connected to the upper side of the adjacent fixed shell 2. The pneumatic telescopic rod 14 is communicated with the adjacent group of annular air bags 8 through a hose. The pneumatic telescopic rod 14 is located near the adjacent group of liquid inlet pipes 9. A protective shell is fixedly connected between the fixed part of the pneumatic telescopic rod 14 and the adjacent liquid inlet pipe 9 to ensure that the telescopic end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 14 can normally retract without being hindered by the catalyst. A first elastic member 141 is fixedly connected between the telescopic end and the fixed part of the pneumatic telescopic rod 14. The first elastic member 141 is a spring. Temperature measuring sensors 20 which are evenly distributed are fixedly connected to the liquid inlet pipe 9. The temperature measuring sensors 20 are electrically connected with the control terminal. An electric rotating shaft 16 which is electrically connected with the control terminal is rotatably connected inside the liquid inlet pipe 9. A swing frame 17 is rotatably connected to the upper side inside the liquid inlet pipe 9. The rotation connection part of the swing frame 17 and the adjacent liquid inlet pipe 9 is located on the side of the adjacent liquid inlet pipe 9 close to the adjacent pneumatic telescopic rod 14 and is used for controlling the swing of the swing frame 17 towards the adjacent pneumatic telescopic rod 14. A connecting frame 142 is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 14. The connecting frame 142 is slidably connected with the adjacent swing frame 17 and is slidably connected with the adjacent liquid inlet pipe 9. When the swing frame 17 swings towards the side of the adjacent pneumatic telescopic rod 14, the swing frame 17 pushes the telescopic end of the adjacent pneumatic telescopic rod 14 to retract through the adjacent connecting frame 142. A moving block 18 is threadedly connected to the electric rotating shaft 16. Symmetrically distributed extrusion blocks 19 which are both in extrusion fit with the adjacent swing frame 17 are fixedly connected to the moving block 18. The extrusion blocks 19 are used for pushing the adjacent swing frame 17 to swing. A convex part is arranged on one side of the middle connecting pipe 11 close to the adjacent liquid inlet pipe 9. A liquid guiding block 15 is fixedly connected inside the pressure nozzle 7. The liquid guiding block 15 is located inside the adjacent annular air bag 8. The liquid guiding block 15 is in extrusion fit with the adjacent annular air bag 8. The liquid guiding block 15 is provided with through holes which are circumferentially and evenly distributed to ensure that even if the adjacent annular air bag 8 completely blocks the inside of the pressure nozzle 7, the pressure nozzle 7 can still maintain the lowest solution spraying amount, so as to avoid accidental blockage of the pressure nozzle 7 due to uneven expansion during inflation after the annular air bag 8 is aged after long-term use. A flow regulating component for regulating the flow rate of the circulating water in the adjacent group of middle connecting pipes 11 is arranged inside the liquid inlet pipe 9.

[0034] Please refer to Figures 7-9The flow regulating component includes a sealing ring 21 that is evenly distributed and fixed to the protrusion of the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11. The inner side of the sealing ring 21 is a conical surface that is the same as the adjacent frustum-shaped sealing block 22. The side of the middle connecting pipe 11 close to the protrusion is slidably connected with a frustum-shaped sealing block 22 through a bracket. The frustum-shaped sealing block 22 is sealed and matched with the adjacent sealing ring 21, and the frustum-shaped sealing block 22 and the adjacent sealing ring 21 are in contact with each other in the initial state. When the frustum-shaped sealing block 22 moves and gradually staggers with the adjacent sealing ring 21, the gap between the two gradually increases, thereby increasing the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11. In order to control the flow of the inner cooling water, four liquid guide grooves 223 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction on one side of the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 close to the adjacent blocking ring 21. Even if the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 and the adjacent blocking ring 21 are kept in a completely fitted state, the coolant can still flow into the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11 through the adjacent liquid guide grooves 223, so that the middle connecting pipe 11 at this location always has the ability to cool the surrounding catalyst. A second elastic member 221 is fixedly connected between the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 and the inner bracket of the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11. The second elastic member 221 is a spring. One side of the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 close to the adjacent electric rotating shaft 16 The side ball is connected to a rolling ball 222, and the rolling ball 222 is used to promote the smoothness of the movement of the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block 22. The frustum-shaped blocking block 22 is squeezed and matched with the adjacent electric rotating shaft 16 through the rolling ball 222 thereon. At this time, the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 and the adjacent blocking ring 21 maintain a completely fitted state. The moving block 18 is fixedly connected to a squeezing plate 23, and the upper and lower sides of the squeezing plate 23 are provided with inclined surfaces. The squeezing plate 23 is squeezed and matched with the rolling ball 222 on the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block 22 through the inclined surface. The squeezing plate 23 is used to squeeze the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block 22 to move to the side away from the adjacent blocking ring 21, and the liquid inlet pipe The bottom of 9 is fixedly connected with a multi-stage telescopic rod 24 that is squeezed and matched with the rolling ball 222 on the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block 22. The telescopic end of the multi-stage telescopic rod 24 is fixedly connected to the adjacent extrusion plate 23, and the fixed part is located on the left side of the lower inclined surface of the adjacent extrusion plate 23 to ensure that the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 maintains smooth movement, and the multi-stage telescopic rod 24 is located between the adjacent electric rotating shaft 16 and the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block 22. The multi-stage telescopic rod 24 is used to prevent the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block 22 from being completely reset, thereby making the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11 have a larger flow rate than the initial state, thereby cooling the adjacent downward flowing solution.

[0035] Before the staff use this device to prepare fatty amines, they first fill the catalyst into each fixed shell 2, making the catalyst located between two symmetrically distributed inert packing plates 5. At this time, the staff need to ensure as much as possible that the catalyst is in a uniform distribution state. Subsequently, the staff connect the uppermost vent head 4 to the hydrogen tank, connect the first liquid guide ring 6 to the liquid storage tank storing the fatty alcohol solution, and connect the second liquid guide ring 12 and the third liquid guide ring 121 to the cooling circulation pump. Then the staff start the control terminal and turn on the production program for preparing fatty amines.

[0036] When the control terminal starts to prepare fatty amines, the control terminal opens the solenoid valve in the uppermost vent head 4, and hydrogen is introduced into the upper fixed shell 2 through the vent head 4. The control terminal simultaneously starts the cooling circulation pump, and circulating cooling water is introduced into the second liquid guide ring 12 and the cooling pipes on the cooling shell 3 through the cooling circulation pump. The circulating cooling water flows into the adjacent liquid inlet pipe 9 through the second liquid guide ring 12. The cooling liquid in the liquid inlet pipe 9 flows into the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11. The cooling water cools down the adjacent catalyst through the liquid inlet pipe 9, the liquid outlet pipe 10 and the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11 to control the reaction temperature. Finally, the cooling water flows back into the third liquid guide ring 121 through the middle connecting pipe 11 and the adjacent liquid outlet pipe 10, and is discharged into the cooling circulation pump from the third liquid guide ring 121. The control terminal introduces a solution with high pressure into the first liquid guide ring 6 through the hydraulic pump. The solution enters the uniformly distributed pressure nozzles 7 through the first liquid guide ring 6. Subsequently, the solution is sprayed into the catalyst along a spherical path through the pressure nozzles 7, and the number of the solution sprayed horizontally is more than the number of the solution sprayed vertically, avoiding a large amount of the solution sprayed vertically converging together during the downward flow, resulting in an increase in the vertical concentration of the solution, which is likely to cause a violent reaction overheat. And because the liquid inlet pipe 9 is near the junction of the spherical ranges between two adjacent pressure nozzles 7, the solutions sprayed by two adjacent pressure nozzles 7 meet near the liquid inlet pipe 9, facilitating the liquid inlet pipe 9 to provide sufficient cooling effect on this place through the cooling water in it, avoiding the solution reacting violently due to the large concentration when meeting, and the solution temperature rising rapidly and causing runaway temperature and other situations. The solution entering the fixed shell 2 and the hydrogen introduced into the fixed shell 2 come into contact with each other and flow downward together, and the solution and hydrogen gradually react to form fatty amines during the contact process.

[0037] During the downward flow of the solution, hydrogen and the synthesized fatty amines, they flow to the lower side of the adjacent fixed shell 2 and are then discharged uniformly through the drain port. And the hydrogen introduced into the upper fixed shell 2, when flowing to the lower side of the adjacent fixed shell 2, the hydrogen is introduced into the upper annular cooling pipe 13 through the exhaust port. Subsequently, the hydrogen flows into the lower annular cooling pipe 13 through the hose. After the cooling pipes in the cooling shell 3 fully cool down the hydrogen, the hydrogen flows through the hose to the vent head 4 of the lower fixed shell 2 and continues the reaction, and then is discharged outward through the exhaust port at the bottom of the lower fixed shell 2.

[0038] When the catalyst in the fixed shell 2 is worn due to consumption or other reasons, resulting in poor local permeability, when the solution and hydrogen pass through this place, both are affected by the permeability of the catalyst and cannot flow downward smoothly, resulting in a slowdown in the downward flow rate of the solution and hydrogen. This leads to the continuous accumulation and reaction of the solution and hydrogen in a small area, generating heat accumulation. The heat cannot be discharged normally following the downward flow of the solution and hydrogen, resulting in a local runaway temperature phenomenon. At this time, the temperature sensor 20 near this position detects a local increase in the temperature of the catalyst near this place and feeds back the data to the control terminal. The control terminal controls the rotation of the electric rotating shaft 16 in the adjacent liquid inlet pipe 9, reduces the discharge of the nearby solution, and improves the cooling effect on the catalyst at this place. The specific working principle is as follows:

[0039] At this time, taking the leftmost liquid inlet pipe 9 and its adjacent components as an example, the control terminal controls the rotation of the electric rotating shaft 16. The electric rotating shaft 16 drives the moving block 18 and its adjacent components to move upward through the thread on it, and controls the moving block 18 to stay at the position with the highest temperature in the liquid inlet pipe 9. If the position where the local runaway temperature occurs is relatively close to the lower inert packing plate 5, then during this process, the extrusion block 19 on the moving block 18 finally stays below the swing frame 17 and does not contact the swing frame 17, and the swing frame 17 and its adjacent components are not affected. At this time, the amount of solution sprayed in the adjacent pressure nozzle 7 remains unchanged. If the position where the local runaway temperature occurs is relatively close to the upper inert packing plate 5, then during this process, the moving block 18 drives the extrusion block 19 on it to move upward. The extrusion block 19 squeezes the swing frame 17, and the upper side of the swing frame 17 swings to the left. The swing frame 17 drives the connecting frame 142 to move to the left together. The connecting frame 142 pushes the telescopic end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 14 to retract to the left, and the telescopic end of the first elastic member 141 compresses and stores energy. When the telescopic end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 14 retracts, it ventilates the connected annular airbag 8. The annular airbag 8 expands, reducing the flow area in the adjacent pressure nozzle 7, and indirectly reducing the number of solutions sprayed by the adjacent pressure nozzle 7 to relieve the generation of the runaway temperature phenomenon. The greater the upward movement distance of the moving block 18, the more the number of solutions sprayed by the pressure nozzle 7 is reduced. This is to address the problem that when the runaway temperature position is close to the upper part of the fixed shell 2, the heat accumulates gradually during the downward propagation of the solution, resulting in a more intense temperature accumulation as the solution moves a longer distance, and the range of the runaway temperature gradually extends downward. When the annular airbag 8 is fully inflated and the annular airbag 8 is fully squeezed and matched with the liquid guiding block 15, the solution can still flow into the pressure nozzle 7 through the through holes on the liquid guiding block 15. Therefore, the annular airbag 8 does not completely block the adjacent pressure nozzle 7, and the pressure nozzle 7 always retains the ability to supplement a small amount of solution into the fixed shell 2 to maintain the reaction.

[0040] When the moving block 18 and the extrusion plate 23 do not move upward, the cone-shaped blocking block 22 located on the upper side of the extrusion plate 23 is always squeezed and matched with the electric shaft 16 through the rolling ball 222 thereon. At this time, the cone-shaped blocking block 22 is completely inserted into the adjacent blocking ring 21, and the coolant can only flow from the left side of the cone-shaped blocking block 22 through the adjacent liquid guide groove 223 to the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11. Therefore, the cooling efficiency of the coolant and the upper middle connecting pipe 11 for the adjacent catalyst and solution is low, which promotes the reaction to proceed at normal temperature. When the temperature sensor 20 detects that the temperature of the nearby catalyst has increased, the control terminal controls the electric shaft When the moving block 18 is driven by the movable block 18 to move upward, the extrusion plate 23 and the telescopic ends of the multi-stage telescopic rod 24 move upward with the moving block 18, and the extrusion plate 23 gradually squeezes the rolling ball 222 on the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block 22 through the inclined surface of its upper side surface. The frustum-shaped blocking block 22 is squeezed and gradually moves to the right, and the adjacent second elastic member 221 is compressed and stored. The frustum-shaped blocking block 22 gradually releases the cooperation with the adjacent blocking ring 21, and the gap between the two gradually increases. At this time, the flow rate of the coolant entering the middle connecting pipe 11 gradually increases, thereby enhancing the cooling efficiency of the adjacent catalyst, thereby alleviating the temperature rise phenomenon.

[0041] When the inclined surface on the upper side of the extrusion plate 23 squeezes the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block 22, the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 located at the lower side of the extrusion plate 23 and adjacent to it just moves to the inclined surface on the lower side of the extrusion plate 23. In the process of the extrusion plate 23 moving upward, the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 located at the lower side of the extrusion plate 23 and adjacent to it gradually slides to the left along the inclined surface on the lower side of the extrusion plate 23 under the action of the elastic force of the adjacent second elastic member 221, thereby reducing the flow area in the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11, thereby reducing the cooling efficiency at the adjacent middle connecting pipe 11, avoiding continuous and excessive cooling efficiency to excessively cool the adjacent catalyst, resulting in too low a temperature on the lower side of the fixed shell 2 and a slow reaction speed of the solution. When the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 breaks away from contact with the extrusion plate 23, the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 begins to contact the telescopic end of the multi-stage telescopic rod 24, thereby making it impossible for the frustum-shaped blocking block 22 to return to the position where it cooperates with the adjacent sealing ring 21, thereby retaining a certain degree of cooling efficiency for the adjacent catalyst.

[0042] When the staff has produced enough fatty amine, they shut down the production program through the control terminal. The control terminal controls the electric shaft 16 to drive the adjacent parts to reset, and simultaneously shuts down the solenoid valves, hydraulic pumps and cooling circulation pumps at various locations. Then the staff observes the data recorded during production through the control terminal, and cleans or adjusts the device accordingly to facilitate production use on the lower side.

[0043] In Embodiment 1, two annular cooling pipes 13 are interconnected through a hose, and the flow path of hydrogen in the two annular cooling pipes 13 always remains fixed. In Embodiment 2, the two annular cooling pipes 13 can only be interconnected through a fixed pipe 32, and the flow path of hydrogen circulating in the two annular cooling pipes 13 is changed by changing the position of the fixed pipe 32.

[0044] Embodiment 2: When hydrogen is introduced into the fixed bed of the existing device, to ensure the recycling of hydrogen, hydrogen is continuously introduced into the series-connected fixed beds. To ensure the cooling temperature of hydrogen before introduction and avoid the intensification of the reaction in the adjacent fixed beds caused by introducing hydrogen at too high a temperature, it is usually necessary to cool hydrogen between the two fixed beds. However, the cooling efficiency of hydrogen between the fixed beds in the existing device is the same, and the cooling amplitude is not adjusted according to the temperature of the introduced hydrogen, often resulting in unstable temperature of the hydrogen introduced into the next fixed bed, which has an adverse effect on the reaction rate in the next fixed bed.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 3 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11 also includes an adjusting mechanism arranged in the cooling shell 3. The adjusting mechanism is used to adjust the cooling efficiency of hydrogen in the annular cooling pipe 13. The adjusting mechanism includes a hydraulic telescopic rod 30 fixedly connected in the cooling shell 3. The hydraulic telescopic rod 30 is electrically connected to the control terminal. A sliding telescopic rod 31 is fixedly connected in the cooling shell 3. Through holes in the vertical direction are provided at the telescopic ends of both the sliding telescopic rod 31 and the hydraulic telescopic rod 30. The through hole at the telescopic end of the sliding telescopic rod 31 and the through hole at the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 30 are fixedly connected and communicated with a fixed pipe 32. Therefore, the movement of the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 30 drives the fixed pipe 32 to move synchronously. The fixed pipe 32 is communicated with the upper and lower two annular cooling pipes 13 through the through holes on the sliding telescopic rod 31 and the through holes on the hydraulic telescopic rod 30, facilitating the adjustment of the length of the circulation path of hydrogen in the two annular cooling pipes 13. The telescopic ends of the sliding telescopic rod 31 and the hydraulic telescopic rod 30 are hermetically matched with the adjacent annular cooling pipes 13 respectively.

[0046] When the reaction of the upper fixed shell 2 is relatively stable, the temperature of the hydrogen flowing out of the upper exhaust port is relatively stable. At this time, only a small amount of cooling is required for the hydrogen to discharge the hydrogen into the lower fixed shell 2. At this time, the control terminal controls the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 30 to extend to the left, so that the through hole on the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 30 is communicated with the leftmost pipe of the annular cooling pipe 13. At this time, the hydrogen only flows through the outermost pipe of the upper annular cooling pipe 13, and the hydrogen flows through the fixed pipe 32 into the lower annular cooling pipe 13, and then flows through the lower annular cooling pipe 13 into the lower vent head 4. When the reaction of the upper fixed shell 2 is relatively intense, resulting in a higher temperature in the upper fixed shell 2, at this time, a larger range of cooling is required for the outflowing hydrogen to facilitate the control of the reaction temperature in the lower fixed shell 2. At this time, the control terminal controls the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 30 to retract periodically to the right (each retraction can ensure that the upper and lower annular cooling pipes 13 are connected to each other through the fixed pipe 32). The retraction degree of the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 30 is proportional to the temperature in the upper fixed shell 2. At this time, the hydrogen introduced into the upper annular cooling pipe 13 needs to pass through a longer path to flow through the fixed pipe 32 into the lower annular cooling pipe 13, thereby sequentially reducing the temperature of the hydrogen entering the lower fixed shell 2, so as to assist the lower fixed shell 2 to react more stably.

[0047] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are similarly included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines, comprising a fixed base (1), the fixed base (1) being fixedly connected to a vertically distributed fixed shell (2), two adjacent fixed shells (2) being fixedly connected to a cooling shell (3), the upper side of the fixed shell (2) being fixedly connected to and in communication with a vent head (4), and symmetrically distributed inert filler plates (5) being fixedly connected inside the fixed shell (2), characterized in that: The invention also comprises a symmetrically distributed first liquid guide ring (6), the first liquid guide ring (6) being fixedly connected to the upper side of the adjacent fixed shell (2), the fixed shell (2) being fixedly connected and connected to a circumferentially uniformly distributed pressure nozzle (7), the pressure nozzle (7) being connected to the adjacent first liquid guide ring (6), the pressure nozzle (7) being located at the lower side of the inert filler plate (5) on the upper side inside the same fixed shell (2), an annular air bag (8) being fixedly connected inside the pressure nozzle (7), the pressure nozzle (7) being provided with spherically distributed through holes, the fixed shell ( 2) The inert filler plate (5) on the inner lower side is fixedly connected with a circumferentially uniformly distributed liquid inlet pipe (9) and a circumferentially uniformly distributed liquid outlet pipe (10); the liquid inlet pipe (9) is fixedly connected and connected to one of the adjacent liquid outlet pipes (10) with a uniformly distributed middle connecting pipe (11); the number of the pressure nozzles (7), the liquid outlet pipes (10) and the liquid inlet pipes (9) in the same fixed shell (2) is the same; and the fixed shell (2) is provided with circumferentially uniformly distributed inflation mechanisms for respectively inflating the adjacent annular airbags (8); The adjacent and connected liquid inlet pipe (9), the liquid outlet pipe (10) and the middle connecting pipe (11) form a group. The pressure nozzle (7) is located between the adjacent liquid inlet pipe (9) and the adjacent liquid outlet pipe (10) on one side close to the adjacent liquid outlet pipe (10). The liquid inlet pipe (9) is fixedly connected with evenly distributed temperature measuring sensors (20). The liquid inlet pipe (9) is provided with a flow regulating component for synchronously regulating the flow rate of circulating water in the adjacent group of middle connecting pipes (11) when the inflation mechanism is working.

2. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second liquid guide ring (12) and a third liquid guide ring (121) are fixedly connected to the lower side of the fixed shell (2); the second liquid guide ring (12) is connected to the liquid inlet pipe (9) in the same fixed shell (2); the third liquid guide ring (121) is connected to the liquid outlet pipe (10) in the same fixed shell (2); and annular cooling pipes (13) that are symmetrically distributed and connected to each other are fixedly connected to the cooling shell (3); one of the annular cooling pipes (13) is connected to the fixed shell (2) on the upper side, and the other annular cooling pipe (13) is connected to the ventilation head (4) on the lower side.

3. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The distance between the liquid inlet pipe (9) and the liquid outlet pipe (10) of the same group is greater than the distance between the liquid inlet pipe (9) and another group of adjacent liquid outlet pipes (10).

4. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The through-hole density and diameter of the pressure nozzle (7) in the horizontal direction are greater than the through-hole density and diameter on its upper and lower sides.

5. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inflation mechanism comprises a pneumatic telescopic rod (14), the pneumatic telescopic rod (14) being fixedly connected to the adjacent fixed shell (2) near the adjacent group of liquid inlet pipes (9), the pneumatic telescopic rod (14) being connected to the adjacent group of annular airbags (8) via a hose, a first elastic member (141) being fixedly connected between the telescopic end of the pneumatic telescopic rod (14) and its fixed portion, the liquid inlet pipe (9) being rotatably connected to an electric rotating shaft (16), the upper side of the liquid inlet pipe (9) being rotatably connected to a swing frame (17), the pneumatic The telescopic end of the telescopic rod (14) is fixedly connected to a connecting frame (142), the connecting frame (142) is slidably connected to the adjacent swing frame (17), the connecting frame (142) is slidably connected to the adjacent liquid inlet pipe (9), the electric rotating shaft (16) is threadedly connected to a moving block (18), the moving block (18) is fixedly connected to extrusion blocks (19) which are symmetrically distributed and are extruded and matched with the adjacent swing frame (17), and a protrusion is provided on one side of the middle connecting pipe (11) close to the adjacent liquid inlet pipe (9).

6. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines according to claim 4, characterized in that: A liquid guide block (15) is fixedly connected inside the pressure nozzle (7), the liquid guide block (15) is extruded and matched with the adjacent annular airbag (8), and the liquid guide block (15) is provided with through holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

7. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines according to claim 5, characterized in that: The flow regulating component comprises evenly distributed blocking rings (21), the blocking rings (21) being fixedly connected to the raised portion of the adjacent middle connecting tube (11), a frustum-shaped blocking block (22) being slidably connected to the side of the middle connecting tube (11) close to the raised portion through a bracket, the frustum-shaped blocking block (22) being blocked and matched with the adjacent blocking ring (21), a second elastic member (221) being fixedly connected between the frustum-shaped blocking block (22) and the bracket inside the adjacent middle connecting tube (11), a rolling ball (222) being ball-connected to the side of the frustum-shaped blocking block (22) close to the adjacent electric rotating shaft (16), the frustum-shaped blocking block (22) being pressed and matched with the adjacent electric rotating shaft (16) through the rolling ball (222) thereon, and the moving block (18) being fixedly connected to an extrusion plate (23) being pressed and matched with the rolling ball (222) on the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block (22).

8. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines according to claim 7, characterized in that: A side of the frustum-shaped blocking block (22) close to the adjacent blocking ring (21) is provided with liquid guide grooves (223) evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

9. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines according to claim 7, characterized in that: A multi-stage telescopic rod (24) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the liquid inlet pipe (9) and is extruded and matched with the rolling ball (222) on the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block (22). The telescopic end of the multi-stage telescopic rod (24) is fixedly connected to the adjacent extrusion plate (23), and the multi-stage telescopic rod (24) is located between the adjacent electric rotating shaft (16) and the adjacent frustum-shaped blocking block (22).

10. A fixed bed device for synthesizing fatty amines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling device further comprises an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the cooling efficiency of the hydrogen in the annular cooling tube (13). The adjusting mechanism is arranged in the cooling shell (3). The adjusting mechanism comprises a hydraulic telescopic rod (30). The hydraulic telescopic rod (30) is fixedly connected in the cooling shell (3). A sliding telescopic rod (31) is fixedly connected in the cooling shell (3). The telescopic end of the sliding telescopic rod (31) and the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (30) are both provided with through holes, and the through holes of the two are fixedly connected and connected with a fixed tube (32). The telescopic end of the sliding telescopic rod (31) and the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (30) are respectively sealed and matched with the adjacent annular cooling tube (13). The fixed tube (32) is simultaneously connected with the symmetrically distributed annular cooling tube (13) through the through holes on the sliding telescopic rod (31) and the through holes on the hydraulic telescopic rod (30).

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