Seed cleaning and grading device and grading method for wheat breeding

Abstract

The invention discloses a seed cleaning and grading device and method for wheat breeding, a screening mechanism is arranged to be a plurality of layers of screen bodies, the screen bodies are sequentially arranged in the height direction, screened materials are conveyed to the next screen body under the guide of a flow guide plate, and the screened materials of all levels are discharged through corresponding output channels; a screen cleaning mechanism used for preventing blocking of a screen is arranged below the screen of the screening mechanism in a matched mode, wheat seeds are cleaned and graded, the seeds of different grades are obtained and discharged out of the machine through different output channels, and the requirement for unsatisfactory equivalence is met; and during grading, a small amount of straw and other impurities in the wheat grains can be removed to the greatest extent through the fan, so that the impurity rate is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wheat breeding seed cleaning, and particularly relates to a seed cleaning and grading device and a grading method for wheat breeding. Background Art

[0002] At present, most seed cleaning machines are of wind screen type and specific gravity type. From the perspective of the screen body, wheat is cleaned mainly by designing and optimizing the screen structure, screen frame vibration frequency, screen tilt angle, screen quantity and layout, etc. The quality of seeds after cleaning is uneven, and it is difficult to meet the agronomic requirements of wheat breeding operations for seeds. The seeds after cleaning still contain a large number of broken grains and shrunken grains, which cannot be used for wheat breeding operations.

[0003] Although a lot of research has been done on the structural motion parameters of the cleaning device, the optimization of the air flow field of the air separation, and the mathematical model of the material in the screening process, many of the current studies are still single-layer screens. The double-layer screens do not grade the seeds and there is no cleaning device. When faced with a large feed volume and complex material composition, they only separate the impurities from the seeds, and do not grade the seeds to obtain high-quality seeds for breeding operations. In addition, the existing cleaning machine screens are seriously clogged, which seriously affects the cleaning efficiency and cleaning effect, and also causes the phenomenon of mixing of different wheat seed varieties. Currently, most of the cleaning is done manually, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and also reduces work efficiency.

[0004] The utility model with announcement number CN213943843U discloses a multi-stage cleaning device for grain seeds, the key points of its technical solution include a screening barrel assembly, a rotating drive assembly, a supporting base plate and a screening barrel supporting assembly, the supporting base plate includes a supporting platform and foot columns arranged at the four corners of the lower surface of the supporting platform, and a screening barrel supporting assembly is arranged on one side of the upper surface of the supporting platform, a rotating drive assembly is arranged between one side of the screening barrel supporting assembly and the upper surface of the supporting platform, a screening barrel assembly is arranged on one side of the annular disk of the rotating drive assembly, the number of the screening barrel assemblies is not less than three, and the three screening barrel assemblies are distributed in sequence from the inside to the outside, and the screened seeds can be guided out from one end of the opening of the cleaning screen cylinder through spiral conveying blades. The multi-stage cleaning device for grain seeds has a simple structure and is easy to operate. It not only makes it more convenient to control the device, but also can perform multi-stage screening at the same time. However, it mainly performs multi-stage cleaning on seeds of different sizes by rotating the screening barrel assemblies distributed in sequence from the inside to the outside. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art and to provide a seed cleaning and grading device and a grading method for wheat breeding, which can achieve the discharge of debris while collecting wheat seeds in different channels of large, medium and small sizes, thereby improving the wheat cleaning efficiency and grading pass rate.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A seed cleaning and grading device for wheat breeding comprises a main frame and a material box, a material lifting mechanism, a screening mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a fan arranged on the main frame. The material enters the material lifting mechanism through the material inlet of the material box and is conveyed to the top of the material lifting mechanism through a belt transmission and falls onto a material receiving device along a material pipeline provided. The fan connected to the material receiving device removes impurities from the material, and the cleaned material is conveyed to the screening mechanism through a material receiving plate arranged on the material receiving device. The screening mechanism includes multiple layers of screen bodies, and the multiple layers of screen bodies are arranged in sequence along the height direction and send the screened materials to the next screen body under the guidance of the guide plate, and the screened materials are discharged through the corresponding output channels respectively; The cleaning mechanism is arranged below the screen of the screening mechanism and is used to prevent the screen from being blocked.

[0007] The multi-layer sieve body is provided with four layers, including a first sieve body, a second sieve body, a third sieve body and a fourth sieve body arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The first layer of screen body is a screen structure and is tilted and fixed at the end of the receiving plate; The second layer screen body, the third layer screen body and the fourth layer screen body all include a screen, a swing arm fixed on the main frame and a driving device, and the driving device is sleeved with an eccentric shaft sleeve, and a driving rod is fixedly connected to the eccentric shaft sleeve, and the head end of the driving rod is fixedly arranged under the screen plate; the driving device is connected to the motor through a belt drive and drives the screen body to perform linear reciprocating motion through the driving rod; The third and fourth screen bodies move in opposite directions.

[0008] The screening mechanism comprises baffles protruding at intervals, a plurality of support rods fixed on the main frame at both sides, and elastic balls placed between the baffles. The elastic balls bounce on the support rods and continuously hit the screen as the screen body vibrates.

[0009] The screening mechanism is arranged below the screen meshes of the second and third screen layers.

[0010] The baffles are provided with 2 to 5 pieces, and 10 to 20 elastic balls are arranged between each baffle.

[0011] The mesh openings of the screen decrease from top to bottom, and the receiving plates of each layer of the screen body are arranged in an S shape at the end of the screen.

[0012] The multi-layer screen bodies also include impurity material channels, and the impurity material channels move in the opposite direction to the screen mesh.

[0013] The driving device adopts belt drive, and includes an impeller pulley connected to the motor belt drive, the other end of the impeller pulley is connected to the driving rod pulley of the driving device, and the other end of the impeller pulley is also connected to the fan pulley by belt drive.

[0014] The material receiving device is provided with a material discharge port and a material guide plate arranged at the lower end, and the material guide plate is provided with two layers, and the pipeline port equipped with the fan is correspondingly arranged on the side wall between the two layers of material guide plates.

[0015] A grading method for a seed cleaning and grading device for wheat breeding is based on the three-axis size of wheat seeds. A cleaning and screening mechanism is combined with a fan to clean the debris through a wind-screen combination. The wheat seeds are then graded in multiple layers according to the thickness of the wheat grains through a screening mechanism. The seeds stuck on the screen surface and the screen holes are cleaned by elastic oscillation of the cleaning and screening mechanism to avoid mixed seeds.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) The present invention discloses a seed cleaning and grading device and grading method for wheat breeding. The device comprises a screening mechanism with multiple layers of screen bodies, which are arranged in sequence along the height direction and are guided by guide plates to send the screened materials to the next screen body. The screened materials of each level are discharged through corresponding output channels. A screening mechanism is provided under the screen of the screening mechanism to prevent the screen from being blocked. The wheat seeds are cleaned and graded, and seeds of different grades are obtained and discharged to the outside of the machine through different output channels, thereby meeting the requirements of different grades. During the grading process, a small amount of straw and other impurities in the wheat grains can be removed to the greatest extent through a fan, thereby reducing the impurity content.

[0017] (2) The screening mechanism can effectively prevent the screen from being blocked, thereby preventing the mixing of wheat varieties and effectively improving the wheat screening efficiency and grading pass rate.

[0018] (3) After grading, wheat seeds can be used in different scenarios according to their quality. High-quality seeds can be used for scientific research to breed new varieties or for direct sowing, while seeds of lower quality can be used for food processing and feed, thereby improving seed utilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a stereogram of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the material receiving device; Figure 4 is a side view of the material receiving device; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driving device and the driving rod; Figure 6It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second layer of screen body; Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the third-layer screen body; Figure 8 It is a side view of the third screen body; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth layer screen body; Fig.10 It is a structural diagram of the material lifting mechanism; Fig.11 It is a transmission schematic diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by means of specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0022] The present invention provides a seed cleaning and grading device and a grading method for wheat breeding, such as Figures 1 to 11 shown.

[0023] A seed cleaning and grading device for wheat breeding includes a main frame and a material box 16, a material lifting mechanism 10, a screening mechanism 4, a cleaning mechanism 25, a transmission mechanism 13 and a fan 7. The material enters the material lifting mechanism 10 through the material inlet of the material box 16 and is conveyed to the top of the material lifting mechanism 10 through a belt drive and falls onto a material receiving device along a material pipeline 9 provided thereto. The fan 7 connected to the material receiving device removes impurities from the material, and the impurity-free material is sent to the screening mechanism through a material receiving plate provided on the material receiving device. The material receiving device is provided with a discharge port 18 and a material guide plate arranged at the lower end. In this embodiment, the material guide plate is provided with two layers including a first material guide plate 19 and a second material guide plate 20, and the pipeline port provided with the fan 7 is correspondingly arranged on the side wall between the two layers of material guide plates, and a fan interface 21 is correspondingly provided on the side wall.

[0024] The screening mechanism includes multiple layers of screen bodies, and the multiple layers of screen bodies are arranged in sequence along the height direction and send the screened materials to the next screen body under the guidance of the guide plate. The screened materials of each level are discharged through the corresponding output channels.

[0025] The screening mechanism is arranged below the screen of the screening mechanism and is used to prevent the screen from being blocked; in this embodiment, the multi-layer screen body is provided with four layers, including a first screen body 11, a second screen body 12, a third screen body 4 and a fourth screen body 2 arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the first screen body is a screen structure and is tilted and fixed at the end of the receiving plate; the second screen body, the third screen body and the fourth screen body all include a screen, a swing arm 6 fixed to the main frame and a driving device, and an eccentric shaft sleeve 14 is sleeved on the driving device, and a driving rod 13 is also fixedly connected to the eccentric shaft sleeve 14, and the head end of the driving rod 13 is fixedly arranged below the bottom plate of the screen body; the driving device is connected to the motor 1 through a belt drive and drives the screen body to perform linear reciprocating motion through the driving rod; and the third screen body 4 and the fourth screen body 2 perform reverse motion; the mesh size of the screen decreases from top to bottom, and the receiving plate of each layer of the screen body is arranged in an S shape at the end of the screen.

[0026] In this embodiment, the cleaning mechanism is arranged below the screen mesh of the second screen body 12 and the third screen body 4. Figure 6 As shown, the cleaning mechanism provided below the second layer of the screen body 12 includes a first baffle 25 protruding at intervals, a plurality of first support rods 26 fixed on both sides of the main frame, and an elastic ball placed between the first baffles 25, and a first screen body bottom plate 28 is also fixed at the lower end of the first support rod 26. The elastic ball bounces on the first support rod 26 with the vibration of the screen body and continuously hits the screen. Preferably, the elastic ball is a rubber ball. The elastic ball can effectively prevent the screen from being blocked, thereby preventing the wheat varieties from being mixed, and can effectively improve the wheat cleaning efficiency and qualified rate.

[0027] The driving device adopts a pulley drive, and includes an impeller pulley connected to the motor 1 by a belt drive, the other end of the impeller pulley is connected to the driving rod pulley 48 of the driving device by a belt drive, and the other end of the impeller pulley is also connected to the fan pulley 50 by a belt drive.

[0028] For effective screening, each layer of the screening mechanism is provided with 2 to 5 baffles, and 10 to 20 elastic balls are arranged between each baffle. In this embodiment, three baffles are provided, dividing the screening mechanism into four grids, and there are 15 rubber balls with a diameter of 30 mm between each grid.

[0029] The multi-layer screen body is also provided with an impurity material channel, and the impurity material channel moves in the opposite direction to the screen.

[0030] The grading method of the seed cleaning and grading device for wheat breeding is based on the three-axis size of the wheat seeds. The cleaning and screening mechanism and the fan are combined to clean the impurities through the wind and screen combination. Then, the wheat seeds are graded in multiple layers according to the thickness of the wheat grains through the screening mechanism, and the seeds stuck on the screen surface and the screen holes are cleaned by elastic oscillation of the equipped cleaning and screening mechanism to avoid mixed seeds.

[0031] The following is further described in conjunction with specific embodiments: During operation, the cleaning and grading device is connected to the power supply, the motor runs, and the material lifting mechanism pulley 48 is driven to run through the second motor pulley 42, the material lifting mechanism performs material lifting, the first motor pulley 41 drives the first impeller pulley 44 to run, the fan runs, the second impeller pulley 45 drives the driving rod pulley 43 to run, the fourth layer of screen body 2 is connected to the driving rod and drives the driving rod to perform linear reciprocating motion through the movement of the eccentric sleeve, the third layer of screen body 4 is connected to the screen box through the four swing arms for reverse movement, the fourth impeller pulley 47 drives the second driving rod pulley 48, the second layer of screen body 12 is connected to the driving rod, and the movement of the eccentric sleeve drives the screen body to perform linear reciprocating motion for cleaning, the third impeller pulley 46 drives the fan pulley 50, and then drives the fan to run.

[0032] During the material movement, wheat seeds are first placed in the material box 16, and the appropriate size of the inlet area is adjusted by adjusting the adjustment plate located at the inlet, and the wheat seeds enter the material lifting mechanism 10 through the inlet. The wheat seeds fall into the material trough 33 fixed on the conveyor belt 34, and are transported to the discharge port 35 at the top of the material lifting mechanism through the belt drive and fall along the material pipeline 9 onto the material receiving device, which is connected to the fan 7, and the lighter impurities are discharged to the outside of the machine through the fan.

[0033] The wheat seeds move forward along the receiving plate 19 and reach the first layer of screen 11. The wheat seeds move forward under the vibration of the screen. Larger impurity particles move through the screen to the larger impurity material channel and are discharged out of the machine along the larger impurity material channel. The wheat seeds fall through the sieve holes onto the sieve of the second layer of screen body 12. The second layer of screen body 12 is fixed to the frame through four swing arms 6. The screen body is connected to the driving rod 24 connected to the eccentric shaft sleeve 23 for linear reciprocating motion. The wheat seeds move along the screen. The deflated grains and broken grains pass through the sieve holes and fall onto the bottom plate of the screen body. They move along the receiving plate and are discharged out of the machine through the small grain material channel 5 provided at the small grain outlet 27 corresponding to the smaller seeds through the discharge port.

[0034] The screening cleaning mechanism is below the screen and fixed on the screen body. The screening cleaning mechanism includes a support rod for supporting the rubber ball, a rubber ball and a baffle. The screening cleaning mechanism is divided into four grids by the baffle. There are 15 rubber balls with a diameter of 30 mm in each grid. The rubber balls bounce on the support rods under the vibration of the screen body. By continuously hitting the screen, the rubber balls come into contact and collide with the wheat seeds blocked in the screen, thereby reducing the blockage of the screen holes.

[0035] The wheat moves to the tail of the second screen and falls along the material guide plate to the screen of the third screen body 4. The medium-sized wheat seeds fall through the screen holes onto the second screen body bottom plate 38 and move forward along the bottom plate. The larger seeds move along the screen to the larger seed guide plate 15 at the tail end and are discharged out of the machine along the receiving plate. The screening mechanism is below the screen and fixed on the screen body. The screening mechanism on the screen of the third screen body 4 includes a second support rod 37, a rubber ball and a second baffle 36. The second baffle 36 divides the screening mechanism into four grids, and each grid has 15 rubber balls with a diameter of 30 mm. The rubber balls bounce on the second support rod 37 under the vibration of the screen body. By continuously hitting the screen, the rubber balls contact and collide with the wheat seeds blocked in the screen to reduce the blockage of the screen holes.

[0036] The medium-sized seeds move along the bottom plate 38 of the sieve body to the tail, and fall along the material guide plate 40 onto the screen of the fourth sieve body. The fourth sieve body 2 is also provided with an impurity material channel 29 and an impeller 30. The wheat seeds move forward along the sieve to the discharge port 31 and are discharged out of the machine. The lighter impurities move backward to the impurity material channel 29 and are discharged out of the machine along the material channel.

[0037] The third layer of screen body and the fourth layer of screen body are connected by four swing arms 3, and the swing arms 3 are fixed to the frame by two swing arm shafts. The fourth layer of screen body 2 is connected by a driving rod 24 connected to an eccentric shaft sleeve 23 to perform linear reciprocating motion. The movement of the fourth layer of screen body 2 drives the swing arms to move, and the third layer of screen body 4 is driven by the swing arms to perform linear reciprocating motion in the opposite direction to the fourth layer of screen body.

[0038] The present invention discloses a seed cleaning and grading device and a grading method for wheat breeding. The device can grade the wheat seeds according to their three-axis sizes and different thicknesses through a multi-layer sieve body to obtain seeds of three grades, large, medium and small, and discharge them to the outside of the machine through different material channels. The graded wheat seeds can be used in different scenarios according to the seed quality.

[0039] For example, high-quality seeds are used for scientific research to breed new varieties or for direct sowing, while seeds of poor quality can be used for food processing and feed, etc. While grading, a small amount of straw and other impurities in the wheat grains can be removed to the greatest extent to reduce the impurity rate; and adding a screening device to the second and third layers of the sieve body can effectively avoid clogging of the screen, thereby avoiding the mixing of wheat varieties, and can effectively improve the efficiency of wheat cleaning and the qualified rate; this method can replace traditional manual screening, effectively improve work efficiency, reduce labor input, and save costs.

[0040] If the words "first", "second" and the like are used in this patent to limit components, those skilled in the art should know that the use of "first" and "second" is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and the above words have no special meaning.

[0041] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. The present invention may be subject to various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. These changes and improvements fall within the scope of the invention claimed for protection. The scope of protection claimed for the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "center", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the protection content of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seed cleaning and grading device for wheat breeding, characterized in that: It includes a main frame and a material box, a material lifting mechanism, a screening mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a fan arranged on the main frame. The material enters the material lifting mechanism through the material inlet of the material box and is conveyed to the top of the material lifting mechanism through the belt transmission and falls onto the material receiving device along the material pipeline provided. The fan connected to the material receiving device removes impurities from the material. The cleaned material is conveyed to the screening mechanism through the material receiving plate arranged on the material receiving device. The screening mechanism includes multiple layers of screen bodies, and the multiple layers of screen bodies are arranged in sequence along the height direction and send the screened materials to the next screen body under the guidance of the guide plate, and the screened materials are discharged through the corresponding output channels respectively; The screening mechanism is arranged below the screen of the screening mechanism and is used to prevent the screen from being blocked.

2. A seed cleaning and grading device for wheat breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-layer sieve body is provided with four layers, including a first sieve body, a second sieve body, a third sieve body and a fourth sieve body arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The first layer of screen body is a screen structure and is tilted and fixed at the end of the receiving plate; The second layer screen body, the third layer screen body and the fourth layer screen body all include a screen, a swing arm fixed on the main frame and a driving device, and the driving device is sleeved with an eccentric shaft sleeve, and a driving rod is fixedly connected to the eccentric shaft sleeve, and the head end of the driving rod is fixedly arranged under the screen plate; the driving device is connected to the motor through a belt drive and drives the screen body to perform linear reciprocating motion through the driving rod; The third and fourth screen bodies move in opposite directions.

3. A seed cleaning and grading device for wheat breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening mechanism comprises baffles protruding at intervals, a plurality of support rods fixed on the main frame at both sides, and elastic balls placed between the baffles. The elastic balls bounce on the support rods and continuously hit the screen as the screen body vibrates.

4. A seed cleaning and grading device for wheat breeding according to claim 3, characterized in that: The screening mechanism is arranged below the screen meshes of the second and third screen layers.

5. The seed cleaning and grading device for wheat breeding according to claim 3, characterized in that: The baffles are provided with 2 to 5 pieces, and 10 to 20 elastic balls are arranged between each baffle.

6. The seed cleaning and grading device for wheat breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesh openings of the screen decrease from top to bottom, and the receiving plates of each layer of the screen body are arranged in an S shape at the end of the screen.

7. The seed cleaning and grading device for wheat breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-layer screen bodies also include impurity material channels, and the impurity material channels move in the opposite direction to the screen mesh.

8. The seed cleaning and grading device for wheat breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving device adopts belt drive, and includes an impeller pulley connected to the motor belt drive, the other end of the impeller pulley is connected to the driving rod pulley of the driving device, and the other end of the impeller pulley is also connected to the fan pulley by belt drive.

9. The seed cleaning and grading device for wheat breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material receiving device is provided with a material discharge port and a material guide plate arranged at the lower end, and the material guide plate is provided with two layers, and the pipeline port equipped with the fan is correspondingly arranged on the side wall between the two layers of material guide plates.

10. A grading method for a seed cleaning and grading device for wheat breeding based on any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Based on the three-axis size of the wheat seeds, the cleaning and screening mechanism is combined with the fan to clean the debris through a combination of wind and screen. The wheat seeds are then graded in multiple layers according to the thickness of the wheat grains through the screening mechanism. The elastic oscillation of the cleaning and screening mechanism is used to clean the seeds stuck on the screen surface and the screen holes to avoid mixing.

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