River ice layer thickening structure and thickening method
By setting up a combined structure of air-cooled pipes and steel pipe frames on the river surface, and using natural wind to guide cold air into the underside of the river surface ice layer, the problem of fragility and thickness of the river surface ice layer is solved, and the long-lasting dense thickening of the river surface ice layer and the extension of the construction period are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510008750.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-25
AI Technical Summary
When cross-river bridge construction is carried out in severely cold areas in the north, the fragility and unfixed thickness of the river ice layer lead to unstable construction period, and traditional ice thickening methods are difficult to achieve the effect of lasting and denseness.
The combined structure of air-cooled pipe and steel pipe frame is adopted. The air-cooled pipe drives an unpowered fan through natural wind, guiding cold air into the river surface ice layer, forming convection, reducing the temperature of the water body, promoting the thickening of the ice layer and maintaining the strength of the ice layer.
It effectively improves the bearing capacity of the river ice layer, extends the construction period, ensures the safety of ice construction, and to a certain extent expands the ice layer consolidation strength during the beginning and end period of winter ice.
Smart Images
Figure CN119687635A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of bridge construction and provides a river surface ice layer thickening structure and a thickening method. Background Art
[0002] When constructing a cross-river bridge in the northern cold regions, the river surface will form a certain thickness of ice due to the winter freezing period. The long freezing period of the river surface will also bring certain advantages. Since the ice layer has a certain bearing capacity, the cold regions have always had the tradition of using ice for logistics transportation in winter. According to a research result (Correlation analysis of the maximum ice thickness characteristics and influencing factors of the Songhua River mainstream, Journal of China Three Gorges University (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 39(1), Hao Zhenchun, Yin Ruosong), the empirical formula for the bearing capacity of the ice layer is P = 4h 2 , where P is the maximum carrying capacity of the ice layer (kg), h is the thickness of the ice layer (cm), and the ice thickness observed in winter at a station in the Songhua River Basin is between 0.55m-1.25m, and the carrying capacity of the thinnest ice layer is about 12.1t. That is, when the thickness of the ice layer reaches a certain carrying capacity, the ice surface of the ice layer can be regarded as land, and materials transportation or bridge auxiliary construction can be carried out on the ice surface. However, due to the length of the freezing period, the natural ice layer is relatively fragile during the beginning and end of the freezing period, or the thickness of the ice in the water area is not fixed, which is not conducive to extending the construction period. The traditional ice surface thickening adopts the form of ice surface watering to increase the position above the ice surface. If a fixed Archimedes pump is required, it will continue to sprinkle water after the surface water freezes to increase the thickness, but this method is also difficult to achieve the desired thickness of the ice layer. The persistent and dense effect. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the persistent thickening of the river ice layer. Summary of the invention
[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a river surface ice thickening structure and method, so as to strengthen the ice bearing capacity of the river surface at the beginning and end of the freezing period as much as possible under the premise of strengthening the ice bearing capacity during the winter river surface freezing period, so as to relatively extend the construction period.
[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
[0005] The present invention provides a river surface ice layer thickening structure, including an air cooling pipe and a steel pipe frame, the steel pipe frame is inserted and fixed on the riverbed, and the steel pipe frame is provided with an air cooling pipe for guiding the cold air above the river surface ice layer and indirectly exchanging heat below the river surface ice layer, the pipe body at the bottom of the air cooling pipe is located in the river surface ice layer, and the air cooling pipe is respectively provided with a non-powered fan and a rain cap at both ends above the river surface ice layer. The above scheme is adopted, based on the cold air diversion effect, the air cooling pipe drives the fan through natural wind to guide the cold air under the river surface ice layer to form convection, thereby reducing the temperature of the water body under the ice layer, prompting the water body to transport cold to the top of the ice layer, accelerating the thickening of the ice layer, or maintaining the strength of the ice layer. In the air cooling pipe, the cold air exchanges heat with the water under the ice layer, reducing the temperature of the water, and promoting the formation and thickening of ice. In this way, the heat exchange efficiency can be optimized by adjusting the layout of the air cooling pipe and the operation of the fan.
[0006] Optionally, the inner and outer walls of the air-cooled pipe are covered with a low-temperature resistant and anti-corrosion coating, which can effectively improve the stability and durability of the structure in low-temperature environments in winter, thereby effectively enhancing the bearing capacity of the river ice layer in the long term.
[0007] Optionally, the air cooling pipe is U-shaped, and multiple air cooling pipes are spaced along the riverbed, so that the cold air can be evenly distributed over a larger area, avoiding the problem of local thinning of the ice layer. This design can ensure uniform thickening of the ice layer, thereby improving its overall bearing capacity.
[0008] Optionally, the air-cooled pipe located in the ice layer on the river surface has a pipe body in one or more of a serpentine, wavy, square, rectangular, field-shaped, circular, elliptical or tic-tac-toe shape, which can create a larger or longer cooling area to increase the indirect contact time between the cold air and the water, improve the effect of heat exchange, and help to more effectively reduce the water temperature and promote the thickening of the ice layer.
[0009] Optionally, multiple air-cooling pipes are connected to each other with capillary branches arranged in a mesh shape to form a connection network, so that cold air can flow freely between the multiple air-cooling pipes. This design can improve the air flow efficiency of the entire system, ensure that each air-cooling pipe can effectively introduce cold air, so as to strengthen the air circulation between the air-cooling pipes, further improve the cold air diversion and heat exchange effects, and avoid the loss of the connection channel due to the deformation and fragmentation of the river ice layer.
[0010] Optionally, a refrigeration device connected to the air cooling pipe is also included. The refrigeration device can provide an additional cold source to further reduce the temperature of the air in the air cooling pipe, thereby accelerating the formation and thickening of the ice layer. Through active refrigeration, the required ice layer thickness can be achieved in a shorter time.
[0011] The present invention is also based on the above-mentioned thickening method of the river surface ice layer thickening structure, comprising the following steps:
[0012] 1) In the early stage of river freezing, a steel pipe rack consisting of vertical steel pipes and horizontal steel pipes is set in the riverbed, and the lower ends of the vertical steel pipes are inserted into the bearing layer under the riverbed, and the upper ends of the vertical steel pipes are set above the river surface water level. Adjacent vertical steel pipes are connected to at least one layer of horizontal steel pipes between the parts above the river surface water level and / or the parts below the river surface ice layer;
[0013] 2) First determine the thickness of the river ice layer that meets the construction bearing capacity, and then arrange the bottom pipe body of the air-cooling pipe installed on the steel pipe rack at a predetermined water level below the river surface according to the thickness of the river ice layer, and the unpowered fans and rain caps at both ends of the air-cooling pipe are set higher than the river water level;
[0014] 3) In the middle stage of river freezing, the unpowered fan on the air-cooling pipe is used to guide the cold air above the river ice layer to the bottom of the river ice layer, so as to indirectly exchange heat with the ice or water below the river ice layer, so as to achieve the thickening and reinforcement of the river ice layer to meet the required construction bearing capacity.
[0015] Preferably, the method further includes step 4), in which cold air is injected into the air-cooled pipe by a refrigeration device at the end of freezing of the river water, so as to thicken and extend the thickness of the river surface ice layer to meet the required construction bearing capacity, thereby further improving the bearing capacity of the river surface ice layer.
[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0017] 1. The present invention effectively utilizes natural cold sources and exchanges heat between the thin ice or warm river water below the natural ice layer and the external cold air through air-cooled pipes to increase the thickness of ice on the river surface, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the ice layer, ensuring the safety of construction on ice, and can, to a certain extent, extend the consolidation strength of the ice layer at the beginning and end of the freezing period in winter to extend the construction period.
[0018] 2. The present invention makes full use of the principle of the downward action of cold air in high-cold areas, and continuously transports cold air to the water below the river ice layer through the connection of the air-cooling pipe and the capillary branch pipe, which can form a lasting and dense freezing effect, providing safety protection for winter water operations. In addition, the thickening and reinforcement method of the river ice layer of the present invention does not change the existing state of the ice surface, which is conducive to extending the winter transportation time in high-cold areas.
[0019] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be described in the following description to some extent, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0021] Figure 1 It is a front view schematic diagram of the river surface ice thickening structure of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A side view schematic diagram of
[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 1 AA section view in;
[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Another structural schematic diagram of the air cooling pipe in FIG.
[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Another structural schematic diagram of the air cooling pipe in FIG.
[0026] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Another structural schematic diagram of the air cooling pipe in FIG.
[0027] Figure 7 for Figure 1 Another structural schematic diagram of the air cooling pipe in FIG.
[0028] Figure numerals: 1-air cooling pipe; 2-unpowered fan; 3-rain cap; 4-steel pipe rack; 5-ice layer on river surface; 6-riverbed; 7-capillary branch; 8-refrigeration device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods. The accompanying drawings are only used for exemplary descriptions and are only schematic diagrams, not actual drawings, and cannot be understood as limiting this patent; in order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the accompanying drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product; for those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the accompanying drawings may be omitted.
[0030] like Figure 1-2As shown, a river surface ice layer thickening structure mentioned in the present invention includes an air-cooling pipe 1 and a steel pipe rack 4. The steel pipe rack 4 is inserted and fixed on the riverbed 6 to provide stable support, that is, a steel pipe rack 4 composed of vertical steel pipes and horizontal steel pipes is set in the riverbed 6, and the lower end of the vertical steel pipe is inserted into the bearing layer under the riverbed 6, and the upper end of the vertical steel pipe is set above the river surface water level. Adjacent vertical steel pipes are connected to at least one layer of horizontal steel pipes between the part above the river surface water level or / and the part below the river surface ice layer 5. The design should take into account the influence of ice layer and water flow on the structure to ensure its stability and durability under severe cold and water flow conditions. The steel pipe rack 4 is provided with an air-cooling pipe 1 for diverting the cold air above the river surface ice layer 5 and indirectly exchanging heat below the river surface ice layer 5. The design of its pipe body should ensure good heat exchange efficiency to increase the thermal contact with water and ice layer and enhance the cooling effect. The vertical steel pipe serves as both a supporting structure for the air-cooling pipe 1 and a guide sign for the ice road; the pipe body at the bottom of the air-cooling pipe 1 is located in the river ice layer 5, and the air-cooling pipe 1 is provided with a non-powered fan 2 and a rain cap 3 at both ends above the river ice layer 5. The non-powered fan 2 does not require electricity and can use a propeller-type impeller. The function of the rain cap 3 is to prevent rainwater from entering the air-cooling pipe 1. In this way, by using natural wind power and setting the non-powered fan 2 with self-rotating air exhaust, the wind energy can be fully utilized to drive the non-powered fan 2 to rotate to form air flow in the pipeline, without the need for additional power, and the efficiency of introducing cold air is improved, which is cost-saving and environmentally friendly. The function of the rain cap 3 is to prevent rainwater or snow water from directly entering the air-cooling pipe 1, keep the system dry, and ensure the effectiveness of the cold air. At the same time, the design of the rain cap 3 should take into account the direction and intensity of the wind to prevent it from being blown away or damaged by the wind.
[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, multiple air-cooling pipes 1 are connected to each other by capillary branches 7 arranged in a mesh. In this way, the capillary branches 7 can not only effectively reinforce the ice layer and improve its crack resistance, but also the use of the hollow tube reduces the surface structure density and improves the structural bearing capacity (the ice surface is mainly supported by buoyancy). The air-cooling pipe 1 is U-shaped, and multiple ones are distributed at intervals along the riverbed 6. When the cold air is conducted to the water body under the ice, a multi-layer capillary arrangement can be adopted to increase the freezing depth when a larger layer thickness is required. That is, when the ice layer on the river surface is deformed or broken, the capillary branch network can provide a certain flexibility to avoid the failure of the overall cold air diversion channel due to damage to the local ice layer. The connected mesh structure can help maintain air circulation and reduce the fragility of the system.
[0032] In this embodiment, the inner and outer walls of the air cooling tube 1 and the capillary branch 7 are covered with a low temperature resistant anti-corrosion coating, and are made of a high thermal conductivity material, such as a polyurethane coating, which has good low temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, and can provide a certain elasticity to extend the service life of the air cooling tube 1, reduce maintenance costs, and have an effective heat conduction effect. In addition, in order to improve the structural strength of the air cooling tube 1 and the capillary branch 7 and prevent deformation and damage, they can be made of seamless steel pipes.
[0033] like Figure 4-7 As shown, the air-cooling pipe 1 in the river ice layer 5 is in one or more of the following shapes: serpentine, wavy, square, rectangular, field-shaped, circular, elliptical or tic-tac-toe. By designing in different shapes, a complex flow path can be formed, the heat exchange efficiency of the cold air can be improved, and the formation and thickening of the ice layer can be promoted. For example, in order to increase the contact area between the cold air and the water under the river ice layer 5, so as to accelerate the freezing speed of the water surface under the ice, thereby causing the river ice layer 5 to freeze as soon as possible, the air-cooling pipe 1 in the river ice layer 5 is bent in a serpentine shape. Due to the serpentine curve design, the cold air can make multiple turns when flowing, thereby improving the effect of heat exchange.
[0034] In this embodiment, the air-cooling pipe 1 and the unpowered fan 2 are arranged in staggered heights, so that the rotating airflow refracted by the air-cooling pipe 1 generated by the unpowered fan 2 can form a local negative pressure area outside the range of action, thereby guiding the surrounding air to flow at high speed, and the flowing air is dispersed into smaller air flow beams due to refraction. These air flow beams continuously exchange heat with the water body under the river ice layer 5 during movement, which can accelerate the movement rate of water molecules under the river ice layer 5 and promote the growth of the upper ice body, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the thickness of the river ice layer and enhancing the structural strength.
[0035] In this embodiment, a refrigeration device 8 connected to the air-cooled pipe 1 is also included. When the temperature is high or the ice layer forms slowly, the refrigeration device 8 can ensure that the system continues to work effectively and meet the requirements of the construction for the bearing capacity of the ice layer. In addition, the refrigeration device 8 usually has a temperature regulation function, and can adjust the refrigeration intensity according to the real-time monitored ice layer thickness and ambient temperature to ensure that the thickness of the ice layer reaches the predetermined target. The type of refrigeration device 8 can select a suitable refrigeration technology, such as compressor refrigeration, absorption refrigeration or heat pump technology. In this way, not only can the ice layer be actively thickened to ensure that the bearing capacity of the ice layer during construction meets the safety standards and reduce the risk of accidents; effective refrigeration measures can also be used to speed up the formation of the ice layer, thereby shortening the construction preparation time and improving construction efficiency; and in the case of large temperature fluctuations, the refrigeration device can respond quickly to maintain the stability of the ice layer thickness and ensure the smooth progress of the construction plan.
[0036] The present invention is also based on the thickening method of the river surface ice layer thickening structure, which includes the following steps: first, in the early stage of river water freezing, a steel pipe rack 4 composed of vertical steel pipes and horizontal steel pipes is set in the riverbed 6, and the lower end of the vertical steel pipe is inserted into the bearing layer under the riverbed, and the upper end of the vertical steel pipe is set above the river surface water level, and the adjacent vertical steel pipes are connected with at least one layer of horizontal steel pipes between the part above the river surface water level and / or the part below the river surface ice layer 5; then, the thickness of the river surface ice layer 5 that meets the construction bearing capacity is first determined, and then according to the thickness of the river surface ice layer, the bottom pipe body of the air-cooling pipe 1 installed on the steel pipe rack 1 is arranged The water level is set below the river surface, and the unpowered fans 2 and rain caps 3 at both ends of the air cooling pipe 1 are set higher than the water level of the river surface; then, in the middle of freezing of the river water, the unpowered fans 2 on the air cooling pipe 1 are used to guide the cold air above the river ice layer 5 below the river ice layer 5, so as to indirectly exchange heat with the ice body or water body below the river ice layer 5, so as to achieve the thickening and reinforcement of the thickness of the river ice layer 5 with the required construction bearing capacity; then, in the late stage of freezing of the river water, the refrigeration device 8 is used to inject cold air into the air cooling pipe 1, so as to extend the thickening and extension of the thickness of the river ice layer 5 with the required construction bearing capacity. The refrigeration device 8 can be a refrigeration device that can work stably in the prior art.
[0037] Of course, in different embodiments, the refrigeration device 8 can also be set in the early and middle stages of river water freezing to achieve the effect of the river surface ice layer quickly entering the freezing period and the ice thickness becoming thicker and stronger.
[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A river surface ice thickening structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises an air cooling pipe (1) and a steel pipe rack (4), wherein the steel pipe rack (4) is inserted and fixed on a river bed (6), and the steel pipe rack (4) is provided with the air cooling pipe (1) for guiding the cold air above the river ice layer (5) to the bottom of the river ice layer (5) and indirectly exchanging heat, the pipe body at the bottom of the air cooling pipe (1) is located in the river ice layer (5), and the air cooling pipe (1) is provided with a non-powered fan (2) and a rain cap (3) at both ends above the river ice layer (5).
2. The river surface ice thickening structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner and outer walls of the air cooling pipe (1) are covered with a low-temperature resistant and anti-corrosion coating.
3. The river surface ice thickening structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air cooling pipe (1) is U-shaped, and a plurality of them are distributed at intervals along the riverbed (6).
4. The river surface ice thickening structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air cooling pipe (1) located in the river surface ice layer (5) has a pipe body in one or more of the following shapes: serpentine, wavy, square, rectangular, field-shaped, circular, elliptical or tic-tac-toe.
5. The river surface ice thickening structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The plurality of air-cooling tubes (1) are connected to each other by capillary branches (7) arranged in a mesh shape.
6. The river surface ice thickening structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a refrigeration device (8) connected to the air cooling pipe (1).
7. A method for thickening a river ice layer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) In the early stage of river freezing, a steel pipe rack (4) consisting of vertical steel pipes and horizontal steel pipes is arranged in the riverbed (6), and the lower ends of the vertical steel pipes are inserted into the bearing layer under the riverbed, and the upper ends of the vertical steel pipes are arranged above the river surface water level, and adjacent vertical steel pipes are connected to at least one layer of horizontal steel pipes between the parts above the river surface water level and / or the parts below the river surface ice layer (5); 2) first determine the thickness of the river surface ice layer (5) that meets the construction bearing capacity, and then, based on the thickness of the river surface ice layer, arrange the bottom pipe body of the air cooling pipe (1) installed on the steel pipe rack (1) at a predetermined water level below the river surface, and the unpowered fan (2) and rain cap (3) arranged at both ends of the air cooling pipe (1) are arranged above the river surface water level; 3) In the middle stage of river water freezing, the unpowered fan (2) on the air cooling pipe (1) is used to guide the cold air above the river surface ice layer (5) to the bottom of the river surface ice layer (5), so as to indirectly exchange heat with the ice body or water body below the river surface ice layer (5), thereby achieving the goal of thickening and strengthening the river surface ice layer (5) with the required construction bearing capacity.
8. The thickening method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method further comprises step 4), in which, at the end of freezing of the river water, cold air is injected into the air cooling pipe (1) by using a refrigeration device (8) to thicken and extend the thickness of the river surface ice layer (5) with the required construction bearing capacity.