Multi-specification braider spindle, dial and slider wear accelerated testing system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-specification braiding machine spindle base, a dial and a sliding block wear acceleration test system and method, and belongs to the technical field of thread braiding machine product testing. The system comprises a test bench support, a friction behavior simulation mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a multifunctional working condition monitoring system are arranged on the test bench support; the system can simulate the stress and wear conditions of the spindle base, the dial and the sliding block in the real running process of different types of braiding machines. The mechanism can quickly carry out accelerated failure tests of the spindle base, the dial and the sliding block, and can carry out friction and wear tests of the spindle base, the dial and the sliding block of multiple types / diameters of braiding machines on the same device by adjusting the shaft center distance. In addition, the best material matching between the spindle base, the dial and the sliding block under different types, different materials and different rotating speeds can be analyzed, and the vibration and noise in the running process of the braiding machine can be monitored, so that the function is comprehensive, and the application provides an effective tool for the research and testing of the braiding machine.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of silk braiding machine, in particular to a multi-specification braiding machine spindle holder, dial and sliding block wear accelerated test system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The braiding machine is a common device in the textile industry, mainly used for braiding rope, net tube, glass sleeve, and suitable for raw materials such as PET, chemical fiber, yarn, polyamide multifilament, polypropylene filament, nylon, and glass fiber.

[0003] On the braiding machine, the spindle holder is a key component for installing and fixing the yarn spindle. During the braiding process, the silk thread is drawn out from the yarn spindle on the spindle holder and guided to the braiding area through the guide hole and other components. The spindle holder is installed in the dial groove on the workbench of the braiding machine and directly contacts the dial. When the braiding machine is running, the rotation of the spindle holder and the extrusion with the dial will cause wear between the dial and the spindle holder. In addition, the sliding block below the spindle holder is constrained to do an "8" type movement by the ring groove, and the high-speed rotation of the gear causes the sliding block and the ring groove to extrude each other, causing wear; long-term operation will cause the sliding block or the spindle to fail, which needs to be replaced frequently, seriously affecting the running efficiency and service life of the braiding machine. At present, the grinding test between the spindle holder and the spindle requires a long time through real machine operation, and the noise is relatively large during the operation. In addition, there is a lack of general test equipment for the friction and wear between the spindle holder and the dial of multi-model braiding machines, the test range is limited, and it cannot meet the material optimization needs of different models of braiding machines. At the same time, there is less research on the wear characteristics and optimization scheme of the spindle holder and the dial material, which limits the improvement of the performance and the extension of the service life of the braiding machine. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, a multi-specification braiding machine spindle holder, dial and sliding block wear accelerated test system and method are provided to simulate the stress and friction and wear of the spindle and the spindle holder during the actual operation of the braiding machine. Through the variable diameter structure, friction and wear tests of multiple models / diameters of braiding machine spindles and spindle holders can be carried out on the same equipment. Not only can the best material matching between the spindle holder and the spindle be found, but also the vibration and noise during the operation of the braiding machine can be monitored, the function is comprehensive, and an effective tool is provided for the research and development and testing of the braiding machine.

[0005] To achieve the above technical purpose, the present application provides a multi-specification braiding machine spindle holder, dial and sliding block wear accelerated test system, which comprises a test bench support, a friction behavior simulation mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a multifunctional working condition monitoring system are respectively arranged on the test bench support;

[0006] The friction behavior simulation mechanism comprises an upper plate cover, a replaceable measured dial set, a measured spindle, a suspension support, an infrared temperature measuring device and a vibration measuring system arranged on the upper plate cover, the measured dial set comprises a driving dial and a driven dial, the driving dial and the driven dial are movably connected to the upper plate cover through shafts, the driving dial and the driven dial are arranged side by side, the upper plate cover below the driving dial and the driven dial is provided with tracks matched with the driving dial and the driven dial, the driving dial and the driven dial are each provided with three clamping grooves on the outer edge of the dial surface, and the clamping grooves on the driving dial and the driven dial are aligned in position when rotating to the intersection; three load devices of the simulation spindles are arranged in the six clamping grooves on the driving dial and the driven dial, and the load devices move in an "8" shape between the tracks of the driving dial and the driven dial to simulate the operation of the spindles of the knitting machine, the driving dial and the driven dial maintain dynamic balance during rotation, so that each load device can reciprocate between the driving dial and the driven dial and ensure that the movement is continuous and smooth; the suspension support comprises a vertical rod vertically arranged on the upper plate cover through a support block, the vertical rod movably connects a horizontal rod through a clamping block, the horizontal rod is provided with a rotary joint, and the rotary joint is connected to the top end of the three load devices through three elastic connecting pieces; the vertical rod is vertically installed on the support block through threaded connection to ensure the stability of the device, and the clamping block is used to fix the horizontal rod on the vertical rod, so that the relative position of the two is kept unchanged.

[0007] The transmission mechanism comprises a power source and a dynamic wheel combination, wherein the dynamic wheel combination comprises a guide wheel with fixed position, and a driven wheel, a driving wheel, a first tensioning wheel and a second tensioning wheel with independently adjustable position, wherein the power source drives the driving wheel through a chain, the driving wheel drives the driven wheel to rotate through the chain, and the chain is tensioned through the movable first tensioning wheel and the second tensioning wheel; the driven wheel and the driving wheel are connected to and drive the driven dial and the driving dial respectively, and the driven wheel and the driving wheel adjust the position distance according to the different specifications of the driven dial and the driving dial installed, so that the driven dial and the driving dial can match the work, thereby realizing the installation and testing of the dials and spindles of different types of knitting machines, improving the flexibility and application range of the testing, and carrying out performance testing of different types of spindles and spindle seats on the same device.

[0008] Furthermore, the power source of the transmission mechanism includes a servo motor, the driving shaft of the servo motor is connected to a small sprocket, and the driven wheel combination includes a guide wheel, a driven wheel, a driving wheel, a first tensioning wheel and a second tensioning wheel, which are respectively arranged horizontally, wherein the guide wheel is connected through a fixed guide wheel support seat bearing, and the driven wheel and the driving wheel are both arranged on a movable nut of a screw that can be manually adjusted in position through bearings, and the first tensioning wheel and the second tensioning wheel are both arranged in a guide rail through sliding blocks, wherein the driving wheel is a double-row sprocket structure, and the small sprocket is connected to the lower row sprocket of the driving wheel through a second chain, and the second chain is tensioned after adjusting the position on the screw through the first tensioning wheel; the guide wheel, the driven wheel, the driving wheel and the second tensioning wheel are interconnected through a first chain, wherein the first chain is successively connected to the driving wheel, the guide wheel, the driven wheel and the second tensioning wheel, wherein the driven wheel and the driving wheel are driven by the first chain, and the driven wheel and the driving wheel reverse synchronously.

[0009] Furthermore, the elastic connecting member includes a rigid rod, a connecting spring and a spring adjusting device, wherein the tail end of the rigid rod is connected to the connecting spring, and the other end of the connecting spring is connected to the spring adjusting device. The spring adjusting device includes a bolt connected to the connecting spring at one end, and a hollow connecting tube is connected to the middle part of the bolt through a nut and a bearing. A bearing and a retaining spring are installed on the boss on the bottom surface of the nut. The retaining spring fixes the bearing behind the nut, and the outer ring of the bearing is fixed in the hollow connecting tube by an interference fit. The end of the hollow connecting tube is connected to the load device through a hook. The tension of the connecting spring is adjusted by rotating the nut so that the tension of the spring is kept within the designed test value range to simulate the eccentric tension of the tested spindle during operation in actual work. In addition, by simply adjusting the preload of the spring, wear tests can be carried out under different eccentric forces on the spindle seat, thereby simulating the stress conditions of the spindle seat during the actual operation of the knitting machine, and truly reflecting the friction and wear characteristics of different models of dials and spindle seats under different load conditions.

[0010] Furthermore, the load device includes a spindle with a slider at the bottom, and a counterweight block that can be increased or decreased and connected by a fastening bolt is connected to the spindle through a spindle shaft. The top of the counterweight block is provided with a hanging ear connected to the end of the hollow connecting tube. All the counterweight blocks are set on the spindle, and the spindle shaft cooperates with the slot on the dial group to be tested. The load device is clamped in the slot through the spindle shaft, so that the slider under the spindle is matched with the track. The slider can rotate freely and is clamped in the "8"-shaped track on the upper plate cover as a guide block, so that the load device imitates the spindle running along the track, simulating the operation of the spindle of the knitting machine.

[0011] When the active dial and the driven dial rotate, the spindle seat in the dial slot is driven to move, and the slider at the bottom of the spindle seat slides in the track inside the upper plate cover. The track constrains the movement trajectory of the slider, thereby guiding the spindle seat to move along an "8"-shaped trajectory, so that the spindle seat reciprocates in the slots of the active dial and the driven dial, and can move from the slot of one dial to the slot of another dial at the intersection of the active dial and the driven dial according to the movement trajectory; in addition, by adding or reducing the number of counterweights, experiments can be conducted to simulate spindles with different loads.

[0012] Furthermore, the driven wheel and the driving wheel are movably connected to the screw-nut pair through bearings, wherein bearing seats and support shafts are provided at both ends of the screw, the movable nut is set on the screw, the tensioning wheel shaft is installed on the sliding block, the bottom of the sliding block is installed on the guide rail, and the sliding block and the positioning seat are connected by a spring. By adjusting the compression or extension of the spring, the first tensioning wheel and the second tensioning wheel can move in the horizontal direction to realize elastic adjustment of the tensioning force of the first chain and the second chain. The sliding block is provided with a positioning pin for accurately positioning and fixing the position of the first tensioning wheel and the second tensioning wheel.

[0013] Furthermore, a stepped shaft is provided on the rotary joint, and three bearings matching the number of the load devices are provided under the stepped shaft, a retaining ring is provided between the bearings, a sleeve is provided on the outside of the bearing, and a lifting ring is processed under the sleeve, and the three lifting rings are respectively connected to three elastic connectors; for wear experiments on different models of braiding machines, according to the distance between the spindle and the silk thread weaving point on the braiding machine, the relative position of the rotary joint and the load device is changed by adjusting the position of the clamp on the vertical rod, so that the distance between the two is equal to the distance between the spindle and the silk thread weaving point, ensuring that the test conditions are consistent with the actual working conditions, and more realistically reflecting the changes in dynamic friction performance.

[0014] Furthermore, the vibration measurement system comprises four acceleration sensors arranged at the upper, lower, left and right positions of the measuring dial group, wherein two acceleration sensors are arranged on both sides of the intersection of the “8”-shaped track, and two acceleration sensors are arranged at both ends of the “8”-shaped motion track;

[0015] The infrared temperature measuring device includes a cooling fan and two non-contact infrared temperature measuring devices arranged next to the active dial and the driven dial. The infrared temperature measuring device performs real-time temperature detection on the spindle base and the dial body. When the detected temperature is higher than the preset normal temperature threshold, the cooling fan is turned on to cool the dial group being tested.

[0016] An analysis method for a wear acceleration test system for spindles, dials, and sliders of multi-specification knitting machines, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1. Before conducting friction performance analysis, first adjust the relevant parameters of the device according to the braiding machine to be tested: ensure the chain tension is moderate by adjusting the position of the lead screw and the first and second tensioning pulleys in the transmission mechanism. Adjust the center distance between the driving and driven pulleys to adapt to the size and installation requirements of the different models of dial assemblies being tested. At the same time, adjust the position of the clamping block on the vertical rod to ensure that the distance between the rotary joint and the load device is consistent with the distance between the actual braiding machine spindle and the thread braiding point. Connect the three lugs on the rotary joint to the three load devices respectively to ensure that the three load devices do not tangle together when performing the "8" motion, thereby simulating real working conditions.

[0018] S2. The servo motor drives the active wheel to rotate, driving the active dial and the driven dial in the dial group under test to operate synchronously. The spindle seat slides along the track driven by the dial slot, simulating the movement process of the knitting machine spindle in actual operation, which smoothly transitions from one dial area to another. The load device flexibly adjusts the load on the spindle seat by adding or reducing the number of counterweights to simulate the friction behavior under different loads. By gradually increasing the load, the change pattern of the friction force between the spindle seat and the dial, as well as the wear characteristics under high load conditions, are tested. In addition, by adjusting the preload of the elastic connector, the size of the eccentric force is adjusted to ensure that the test bench can truly simulate the eccentric tension applied to the spindle seat in actual operation.

[0019] Furthermore, in actual work, the contact wear between the spindle and the dial group under test mainly occurs in the following three parts: first, the contact wear between the dial and the upper and lower surfaces of the spindle; second, the wear between the card slot around the dial and the spindle shaft due to impact and rotation; third, the sliding wear between the slider at the bottom of the spindle and the guide rail of the upper plate cover. Therefore, the analysis plan for the friction performance between the spindle and the dial on any tested knitting machine includes the following three detection parts:

[0020] Wear testing of different materials: This is used to study the influence of material hardness on the wear and damage of spindles and dials. The materials of the dial group to be tested include graphite cast iron and ductile iron. The material of the spindle is usually No. 1 steel (Cr). The material of the slider is No. 1 steel (powder metallurgy). Different materials are processed into spindles, dial groups and sliders that meet the part size requirements.

[0021] Wear test under different loads: Detect the transformation mechanism of wear and damage behavior of spindle and dial assembly materials with load, i.e. counterweight;

[0022] Wear test with varying speed: This test examines the effect of the speed of the dial assembly on the wear and damage of the spindle base, the dial assembly itself, and the slider. Setting the spindle speed to 1.5-2 m / s, the dial speed is 190-255 r / min, and the servo motor's operating speed range is calculated based on the transmission ratio.

[0023] To evaluate the wear and fatigue properties of different materials under specific operating conditions, the surface roughness of the spindle and slider was first measured using a profilometer. Roughness measurement points were selected at equal intervals along the circumference of the contact surface between the spindle shaft and the dial slot, and the measurement was made along the axial direction. On the contact surface between the slider and the track, a position on the slider was selected and measured along the circumferential direction. The measurement results were averaged.

[0024] After the analysis, microscopic analysis technology is used to observe the surface wear morphology of the tested spindle seat, the tested dial group and the slider. The wear scar morphology on the surface of the spindle seat, the tested dial group and the slider is initially observed to quickly obtain the macroscopic characteristics of the wear area. Then, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy are used to observe the wear scar area at a higher resolution and to observe the micromorphology of key areas, focusing on analyzing the microstructural characteristics of the worn surface and the wear mechanism.

[0025] Vibration tests were performed using accelerometers mounted on the upper cover to evaluate the performance of different materials and structures during the wear phase.

[0026] Furthermore, the vibration test steps include: using four accelerometers to collect vibration signals generated during the test in real time, and performing frequency and time domain analysis on the vibration data; extracting the spectral characteristics of the vibration signals through Fourier transform (FFT), quantifying changes in vibration amplitude, analyzing the similarities and differences in vibration signals at different locations, and identifying characteristic frequencies associated with material wear failure during the wear process to characterize differences in vibration characteristics caused by wear or structural imbalance;

[0027] When testing different materials, different loads, and different speed conditions, a group of dial sets, spindle bases, and sliders of the selected materials are selected. Different speed conditions of the dial sets are set under fixed load conditions. During the experiment, vibration signals are collected at different intervals and the surface roughness is measured. The vibration characteristics of the vibration signals collected by the acceleration sensor on the upper plate cover and the changing trends of the surface roughness of the spindle base, the dial sets, and the sliders are recorded. The influence of the speed on the material vibration characteristics and wear performance of the spindle base, the dial sets, and the sliders is analyzed.

[0028] After determining the speed and load conditions, the dial, spindle seat, and slider made of different materials were repeatedly replaced, vibration signals and wear data were collected, and the vibration and wear resistance of different material combinations under the same load and speed conditions were compared. After determining the speed and material conditions, different counterweights were replaced to change the load conditions of the tested spindles, and the impact of the load change on the vibration characteristics and wear performance of the tested spindles under the same material and speed conditions was studied.

[0029] Combined with the test running time, the vibration signal characteristics obtained from the measuring points of different acceleration sensors under different materials, rotational speeds and load conditions are compared and analyzed to see how they change with wear time. The vibration signal characteristics include the dominant frequency and amplitude growth rate. At the same time, the surface roughness of the spindle seat, dial and slider at different wear time points is measured, and the correlation between the surface roughness of the spindle seat, dial and slider and the change in vibration intensity is analyzed. The surface roughness and vibration intensity growth characteristics of the spindle seat, dial and slider under the same rotational speed and load conditions of different materials are further compared. A correlation model between the vibration signal of the acceleration sensor and the wear performance is established, and the material's anti-vibration and anti-wear capabilities under different rotational speeds, loads and wear times are comprehensively evaluated. Based on the specific application requirements, the material type and hardness level suitable for the working environment are selected to provide a scientific basis for improving the service life of the actual braiding machine.

[0030] A non-contact infrared temperature measuring device is used to detect the real-time temperature of the spindle base and dial. When the temperature is higher than the normal operating temperature range, the cooling fan is turned on for cooling. The sealed box where the transmission mechanism is located is filled with oil, which can effectively absorb and dissipate the heat generated by the transmission mechanism. Even if the oil temperature rises or the performance deteriorates after long-term operation, the normal heat dissipation and lubrication effects can be restored by regularly replacing the oil, thereby ensuring that the wear test environment is close to the actual working conditions.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] 1. By designing a research scheme for accelerated wear, the present invention can observe the wear morphology changes of the spindle seat, dial assembly, and slider in a relatively short period of time, analyze their failure modes, significantly shorten the experimental cycle, and improve research efficiency.

[0033] 2. This invention provides an adjustable transmission mechanism. By adjusting the center distance between the driving and driven wheels to accommodate dials and spindles of different specifications, it can simulate complex friction behaviors under different operating conditions (such as speed, load, and material combination) on the same test bench, providing a more comprehensive experimental verification method.

[0034] 3. This invention takes into account the eccentric force that the load device will be subjected to during operation. By designing and combining elastic connectors with rotary joints, it can accurately simulate the eccentric force in actual working conditions during the test and ensure that the three load devices will not be entangled when performing the "8" shape movement. This simplifies the operation process of the equipment and improves the reliability and safety of the test.

[0035] 4. Taking into account the wear and vibration characteristics of materials, a detailed braiding machine spindle and dial analysis solution is provided. This solution can more accurately evaluate the wear resistance and reliability of braiding machine spindles, dial assemblies, and sliders made of different materials under actual working conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the accelerated wear test scheme flow of a multi-specification braiding machine spindle and dial wear accelerated testing method of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a wear detection and analysis process of a wear acceleration test method for spindles and dials of a multi-specification knitting machine according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the wear acceleration test system for spindles, dials and sliders of multi-specification braiding machines according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism of the wear acceleration test system for spindles, dials and sliders of multi-specification braiding machines according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of a tensioning device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of a center distance adjustment device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the friction behavior simulation mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a partial enlarged view of the friction simulation mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of a load device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of a rotary joint in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of a spring connector in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 12Schematic diagram of a multifunctional working condition monitoring system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] In the figure: friction behavior simulation mechanism 1, transmission mechanism 2, multifunctional working condition monitoring system 3, test bench bracket 4, support block 11, vertical rod, 12, clamping block 13, cross bar 14, rotary joint 15, elastic connector 16, load device 17, shaft 18, dial group 19, active dial 1911, upper plate cover 110, slot 19111, track 1101, driven dial 192, sleeve 151, stepped shaft 152, bearing 153, retaining ring 154, lifting ring 1511, rigid part 161, connecting spring 162, bolt 163, nut 164, bearing 165, retaining ring 166, hollow connecting pipe 167, hanging ear 171, fastening bolt 172, counterweight block 173, spindle seat 174, spindle seat shaft 1741, slider 17 5. Guide wheel support seat 21, guide wheel 22, first chain 23, center distance adjustment device 24, second chain 25, servo motor 26, small sprocket 27, tensioning device 28, first tensioning wheel 281, second tensioning wheel 282, tensioning device handwheel 283, positioning seat 284, screw 285, spring 286, tensioning wheel bearing 287, smooth shaft 288, guide rail 289, positioning pin 2810, sliding block 2811, center distance adjustment handwheel 241, bearing seat 242, bearing seat screw 243, screw 244, driven wheel 245, driving wheel 246, support shaft 247, movable nut 248, acceleration sensor 31, cooling fan 32, infrared temperature measuring device 33, vibration measurement system 34, host computer 35. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, the present invention discloses a wear acceleration test system for spindles, dials and sliders of multi-specification braiding machines, including a test bench bracket 4, on which a friction behavior simulation mechanism 1, a transmission mechanism 2 and a multifunctional working condition monitoring system 3 are respectively provided;

[0051] like Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the friction behavior simulation mechanism 1 comprises an upper plate cover 110, which is provided with a replaceable measured dial set 19, a measured spindle, a suspension support, an infrared temperature measuring device 33 and a vibration measuring system 34. The measured dial set 19 comprises a driving dial 191 and a driven dial 192, which are respectively movably connected to the upper plate cover 110 through shafts 18. The driving dial 191 and the driven dial 192 are arranged side by side. The upper plate cover below the driving dial 191 and the driven dial 192 is provided with tracks 1101 matched with the driving dial 191 and the driven dial 192. The driving dial 191 and the driven dial 192 are each provided with three clamping grooves 1911 on the outer edge of the dial surface at intervals of 120°, and the clamping grooves 1911 on the driving dial 191 and the driven dial 192 are aligned in position when rotated to the intersection. Three load devices 17 of the simulation spindle are arranged through the six clamping grooves 1911 on the driving dial 191 and the driven dial 192, and move in an "8" shape between the tracks 1101 of the driving dial 191 and the driven dial 192 to simulate the operation of the spinning machine spindle. The driving dial 191 and the driven dial 192 maintain dynamic balance during rotation, so that each load device 17 can reciprocate between the driving dial 191 and the driven dial 192 and ensure continuous and smooth movement.

[0052] As shown in Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, the transmission mechanism 2 includes a power source and a driven wheel combination, wherein the driven wheel combination includes a fixed guide wheel 22, and a driven wheel 245, a driving wheel 246, a first tensioning wheel 281 and a second tensioning wheel 282, the positions of which are independently adjustable. The power source drives the driving wheel 246 through a chain, and the driving wheel 246 drives the driven wheel 245 to rotate through the chain, and tensions the chain through the movable first tensioning wheel 281 and the second tensioning wheel 282; the driven wheel 245 and the driving wheel 246 are connected to the driven dial 192 and the driving dial 191 respectively. The driven wheel 245 and the driving wheel 246 are connected and driven, and the position spacing is adjusted according to the driven dial 192 and the driving dial 191 of different specifications installed, so that the driven dial 192 and the driving dial 191 can match the work, thereby realizing the installation and testing of different types of knitting machine dials and spindles, improving the flexibility and applicability of the test, and carrying out performance tests of different types of spindles and spindle seats on the same equipment; the power source of the transmission mechanism 2 includes a servo motor 26, the driving shaft of the servo motor 26 is connected to a small sprocket 27, and the driving wheel assembly includes a guide The guide wheel 22, the driven wheel 245, the driving wheel 246, the first tensioning wheel 281 and the second tensioning wheel 282 are respectively arranged horizontally, wherein the guide wheel 22 is connected by a bearing of the guide wheel support seat 21 fixed in position, the driven wheel 245 and the driving wheel 246 are both arranged on the movable nut 248 of the screw 244 which can be manually adjusted in position through bearings, the first tensioning wheel 281 and the second tensioning wheel 282 are both arranged in the guide rail 289 through the sliding block 2811, wherein the driving wheel 246 is a double-row sprocket structure, and the small sprocket 27 is connected by the second chain The second chain 25 is connected to the lower sprocket of the driving wheel 246, and the second chain 25 is tensioned after the position is adjusted on the screw 244 by the first tensioning wheel 281; the guide wheel 22, the driven wheel 245, the driving wheel 246 and the second tensioning wheel 282 are interconnected by the first chain 23, wherein the first chain 23 sequentially connects the driving wheel 246, the guide wheel 22, the driven wheel 245, and the second tensioning wheel 282, wherein the driven wheel 245 and the driving wheel 246 are driven by the first chain 23, and the driven wheel 245 and the driving wheel 246 rotate in reverse synchronously;

[0053] The driven wheel 245 and the driving wheel 246 are movably connected to the screw-nut pair through bearings, wherein bearing seats 242 and support shafts 247 are provided at both ends of the screw 244, and the movable nut 248 is provided on the screw 244. The tensioning wheel shaft is installed on the sliding block 2811, and the bottom of the sliding block 2811 is installed on the guide rail 289. The sliding block 2811 is connected to the positioning seat 284 by a spring 286. By adjusting the compression or extension of the spring 286, the first tensioning wheel 281 and the second tensioning wheel 282 can be moved in the horizontal direction to achieve elastic adjustment of the tensioning force of the first chain 23 and the second chain 25. The sliding block 2811 is provided with a positioning pin 2810 for accurately positioning and fixing the positions of the first tensioning wheel 281 and the second tensioning wheel 282;

[0054] like Figure 9 、 Figure 10 As shown, the load device 17 includes a spindle seat 174 with a slider 175 at the bottom. The spindle seat 174 is connected to a counterweight block 173 that can be increased or decreased and connected by a fastening bolt 172 through a spindle seat shaft 1741. The top of the counterweight block 173 is provided with a hanging ear 171 connected to the end of the hollow connecting tube 167. All the counterweight blocks 173 are set on the spindle seat 174. The spindle seat shaft 1741 cooperates with the card slot 1911 on the measured dial group 19. The load device 17 is clamped in the card slot 1911 through the spindle seat shaft 1741, so that the slider 175 under the spindle seat 174 matches the track 1101. The slider 175 can rotate freely and is clamped in the "8"-shaped track 1101 on the upper plate cover 111 as a guide block, so that the load device 17 imitates the spindle along the track 1 101 operates to simulate the operation of the braiding machine spindle; a stepped shaft 152 is provided on the rotary joint 15, and three bearings 153 matching the number of the load device 17 are provided below the stepped shaft 152, and a retaining ring 154 is provided between the bearings 153. A sleeve 151 is provided on the outside of the bearing 153, and a hanging ring 1511 is processed below the sleeve 151. The three hanging rings are respectively connected to three elastic connectors 16; for wear experiments on braiding machines of different models, according to the distance between the spindle and the silk thread weaving point on the braiding machine, the relative position of the rotary joint 15 and the load device 17 is changed by adjusting the position of the clamping block 13 on the vertical rod 12, so that the distance between the two is equal to the distance between the spindle and the silk thread weaving point, ensuring that the test conditions are consistent with the actual working conditions and more realistically reflecting the changes in dynamic friction performance.

[0055] When the active dial 191 and the driven dial 192 rotate, the spindle base 174 in the dial slot 1911 is driven to move, and the slider 175 at the bottom of the spindle base slides in the track 1101 in the upper plate cover 110. The track 1101 constrains the movement trajectory of the slider 175, thereby guiding the spindle base 174 to move along an "8"-shaped trajectory, so that the spindle base 174 reciprocates in the slots of the active dial 191 and the driven dial 192, and can move from the slot 1911 of one dial to the slot 1911 of another dial at the intersection of the active dial 191 and the driven dial 192 according to the movement trajectory; in addition, by adding or reducing the number of counterweights 173, spindles with different loads are simulated for experiments.

[0056] like Figure 11As shown, the elastic connector 16 includes a rigid rod 161, a connecting spring 162 and a spring adjustment device, wherein the tail end of the rigid rod 161 is connected to the connecting spring 162, and the other end of the connecting spring 162 is connected to the spring adjustment device. The spring adjustment device includes a bolt 163 connected to the connecting spring 162 at its end. The middle part of the bolt 163 is connected to a hollow connecting tube 167 through a nut 164 and a bearing 165. A bearing 165 and a retaining spring 166 are installed on the bottom boss of the nut 164. The retaining spring 166 fixes the bearing 165 to the rear of the nut 164, and the outer ring of the bearing 165 is fixed by an interference fit. In the hollow connecting tube 167, the end of the hollow connecting tube 167 is connected to the load device 17 through a hook. The tension of the connecting spring 162 is adjusted by rotating the nut 164 so that the tension of the spring 162 is maintained within the designed test value range to simulate the eccentric tension exerted on the tested spindle during operation in actual work. In addition, by simply adjusting the preload force of the spring 162, wear tests can be carried out on the spindle seat under different eccentric forces, thereby simulating the stress conditions of the spindle seat during the actual operation of the knitting machine, and truly reflecting the friction and wear characteristics of different models of dials and spindle seats under different load conditions.

[0057] like Figure 12 As shown, the vibration measurement system 34 is composed of four acceleration sensors 31 arranged at the upper, lower, left and right positions of the measuring dial group 19, of which two acceleration sensors 31 are respectively arranged on both sides of the intersection of the "8"-shaped track, and two acceleration sensors 31 are respectively arranged at both ends of the "8"-shaped motion track; the infrared temperature measuring device 33 includes a cooling fan 32 and two non-contact infrared temperature measuring devices 33 arranged next to the active dial 191 and the driven dial 192. The infrared temperature measuring device 33 performs real-time temperature detection on the spindle base and the dial body. When the detected temperature is higher than the preset normal temperature threshold, the cooling fan 32 is turned on to cool the measured dial group 19.

[0058] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an analysis method for a wear acceleration test system for spindles, dials, and sliders of a multi-specification knitting machine is provided, comprising the following steps: four acceleration sensors are rationally arranged near the dial to be tested, wherein an acceleration sensor 31 is installed on each side of the intersection of an "8"-shaped trajectory, and an acceleration sensor 31 is installed on each end of the "8"-shaped motion trajectory; the acceleration sensors 31 are used to collect vibration signals generated during the test in real time, and the vibration data is analyzed in the frequency domain and time domain; the spectral characteristics of the vibration signal are extracted through Fourier transform (FFT), the changes in vibration amplitude are quantified, the similarities and differences of vibration signals at different positions are analyzed, the characteristic frequencies related to material wear failure during the wear process are identified, and the differences in vibration characteristics caused by wear or structural imbalance are characterized;

[0059] S1. Before conducting friction performance analysis, first adjust the relevant parameters of the device according to the braiding machine to be tested: ensure that the chain tension is moderate by adjusting the positions of the lead screw 244 and the first tensioning pulley 281 and the second tensioning pulley 282 in the transmission mechanism, and adjust the center distance between the driving pulley 246 and the driven pulley 245 to adapt to the size and installation requirements of the dial group 19 of different models to be tested; at the same time, by adjusting the position of the clamping block 13 on the vertical rod 12, ensure that the distance between the rotary joint 15 and the load device 17 is consistent with the distance between the actual braiding machine spindle and the silk thread braiding point, and the three lugs 171 on the rotary joint 15 are respectively connected to the three load devices 17 to ensure that the three load devices 17 will not be entangled together when performing the "8" shape movement, thereby simulating real working conditions.

[0060] S2. The servo motor 26 drives the active wheel 246 to rotate, driving the active dial 191 and the driven dial 192 in the dial group 19 to be tested to operate synchronously; the spindle seat 174 slides along the track 1101 driven by the dial slot 1911, simulating the movement process of the knitting machine spindle in actual operation, which smoothly transitions from one dial area to another dial area; the load device 17 flexibly adjusts the load on the spindle seat 174 by adding or reducing the number of counterweights 173 to simulate the friction behavior under different loads; by gradually increasing the load, the change law of the friction force between the spindle seat 174 and the dial, as well as the wear characteristics under high load conditions, are tested; in addition, by adjusting the preload of the elastic connector 16, the size of the eccentric force is adjusted to ensure that the test bench can truly simulate the eccentric tension on the spindle seat in actual operation;

[0061] Since the contact wear between the spindle and the tested dial assembly 19 mainly occurs in the following three parts: first, the contact wear between the dial and the upper and lower surfaces of the spindle 174; second, the wear between the clamping groove 1911 around the dial and the spindle shaft 1741 due to impact and rotation; third, the sliding wear between the slider 175 at the bottom of the spindle 174 and the upper plate cover guide rail 1101. Therefore, the analysis scheme for the friction performance between the spindle and the dial on any tested knitting machine includes the following three testing parts:

[0062] Wear testing of different materials: This is used to study the influence of material hardness on the wear and damage of the spindle base 175 and the dial material. The materials of the dial group 19 under test include graphite cast iron and ductile iron. The material of the spindle base 174 is usually 45# steel, 40Cr. The material of the slider 175 is 45# steel, powder metallurgy. The different materials are processed into the spindle base 174, the dial group 19 under test, and the slider 175 that meet the part size requirements;

[0063] Wear test under different loads: to detect the transformation mechanism of wear and damage behavior of the spindle base 174 and the tested dial group 19 materials as the load, i.e. the counterweight 173, changes;

[0064] Wear test with varying speed: This test examines the effect of the speed of the tested dial assembly 19 on the wear and damage behavior of the spindle base 174, the tested dial assembly 19 itself, and the slider 175. Setting the spindle speed to 1.5-2 m / s, the dial speed is 190-255 r / min, and the servo motor's operating speed range is calculated based on the transmission ratio.

[0065] To evaluate the wear and fatigue properties of different materials under specific operating conditions, the surface roughness of the spindle 174 and slider 175 was first measured using a profilometer. Six to eight roughness measurement points were selected at equal intervals along the circumference of the contact surface between the spindle shaft 1741 and the dial slot, and the measurement was performed axially. Three to five locations on the slider 175, which were in contact with the track, were also measured circumferentially. The average of the measurement results was taken.

[0066] After the analysis, microscopic analysis techniques were used to observe the surface wear morphology of the tested spindle base 174, the tested dial assembly 19, and the slider 175. The wear scar morphology on the surfaces of the spindle base 174, the tested dial assembly 19, and the slider 175 was initially observed to quickly obtain the macroscopic characteristics of the wear area. Then, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the wear scar area at a higher resolution, and the microscopic morphology of key areas was observed, focusing on analyzing the microstructural characteristics of the worn surface and the wear mechanism.

[0067] The test scheme for analyzing the friction performance between the spindle holder and the dial plate of any type of braiding machine includes the following three parts: 1) wear test of different materials / hardness matching, for studying the influence mechanism of hardness on the wear and damage of the spindle holder and the dial plate materials. In the test study, the sample materials of the spindle holder and the dial plate are usually selected as common cast iron. The commonly used cast iron materials include graphite cast iron and nodular cast iron, which are machined to the required size by mechanical processing to meet the test requirements. 2) wear test under different loads, for exploring the transition mechanism of the wear and damage behavior of the spindle holder and the dial plate materials with the change of load. According to the actual working conditions, the load can be realized by adding different weight counterweights on the test bench. 3) wear test by changing the rotating speed, for analyzing the influence of the working rotating speed on the wear and damage behavior of the materials. The rotating speed of the market braiding machine is about 50-130 r / min, and the moving speed of the spindle is about 0.3-0.8 m / s. Considering the need for acceleration test, the moving speed of the spindle is set to about 1.5-2 m / s, and the approximate rotating speed of the dial plate is about 190-255 r / min, and then the rotating speed range of the servo motor is calculated according to the transmission ratio. And the infrared temperature measuring device 33 is used for automatic temperature measurement and heat dissipation, which includes a heat dissipation fan 32 and two non-contact infrared temperature measuring devices 33 arranged beside the driving dial plate 191 and the driven dial plate 192. The infrared temperature measuring device 33 detects the temperature of the spindle holder and the dial plate body in real time, and when the detected temperature is higher than the preset normal temperature threshold, the heat dissipation fan 32 is started to cool the measured dial plate group 19.

[0068] To evaluate the wear performance and fatigue characteristics of different materials and structures under specific working conditions, first, use a profilometer to measure the surface roughness of the spindle holder and the slider. On the contact surface of the spindle holder shaft and the dial plate slot, 6-8 positions are selected along the circumference and measured axially. On the contact surface of the slider and the rail, 3-5 positions are selected on the slider and measured circumferentially. The measurement results are averaged.

[0069] After the test, the surface wear morphology of the sample is observed by microscopic analysis technology. The wear scar morphology of the spindle holder, dial plate and slider surface is observed for preliminary observation, and the macroscopic features of the wear area are quickly obtained. Then, optical microscope and scanning electron microscope are used to observe the wear scar area at higher resolution, and the micro-morphology of the key area is observed, focusing on the analysis of the microstructure characteristics and wear mechanism of the wear surface.

[0070] The vibration test is carried out by the vibration measurement system 34 installed on the upper plate cover to evaluate the performance of different materials and structures in the wear stage.

[0071] When testing different materials, different loads, and different speed conditions, first, select a group of dial sets, spindle bases, and sliders of the selected materials. Set different speed conditions for the dial sets under fixed load conditions. During the experiment, collect vibration signals and measure surface roughness at different intervals. Record the vibration characteristics of the vibration signals collected by the acceleration sensors at different measuring points on the upper plate cover and the changing trends of the surface roughness of the spindle base, the dial sets, and the sliders. Analyze the influence of the speed on the material vibration characteristics and wear performance of the spindle base, the dial sets, and the sliders.

[0072] After determining the speed and load conditions, the dial, spindle seat, and slider made of different materials were repeatedly replaced, vibration signals and wear data were collected, and the vibration and wear resistance of different material combinations under the same load and speed conditions were compared. After determining the speed and material conditions, different counterweights were replaced to change the load conditions of the tested spindles, and the impact of the load change on the vibration characteristics and wear performance of the tested spindles under the same material and speed conditions was studied.

[0073] Combined with the test run time, the vibration signal characteristics (such as dominant frequency, amplitude growth rate, etc.) at different measurement points under different materials, rotational speeds, and load conditions were compared and analyzed as they changed with wear time. The surface roughness of the spindle seat, dial, and slider at different wear time points was measured, and the correlation between the surface roughness of the spindle seat, dial, and slider and the change in vibration intensity was analyzed. The surface roughness and vibration intensity growth characteristics of the spindle seat, dial, and slider under different materials and the same rotational speed and load conditions were further compared.

[0074] Finally, a correlation model between the vibration signal of the acceleration sensor and the wear performance is established to comprehensively evaluate the material's anti-vibration and anti-wear capabilities under different speeds, loads, and wear times. Based on specific application requirements, the material type and hardness level suitable for the working environment are selected, providing a scientific basis for improving the service life of the actual braiding machine.

Claims

1. A wear acceleration testing system for spindles, dials, and sliders of multi-specification knitting machines, characterized by: The test bench bracket (4) is provided with a friction behavior simulation mechanism (1), a transmission mechanism (2) and a multifunctional working condition monitoring system (3); The friction behavior simulation mechanism (1) includes an upper plate cover (110), and a replaceable dial group (19) to be tested, a spindle to be tested, a suspension bracket, an infrared temperature measuring device (33) and a vibration measuring system (34) are provided on the upper plate cover (110). The dial group (19) to be tested includes an active dial (191) and a driven dial (192). The active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) are movably connected to the upper plate cover (110) through a shaft (18). The active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) are arranged side by side. The upper plate cover below the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) is provided with a track (1101) that matches the two. The active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) are both provided with three slots (1911) at intervals of 120 degrees on the outer edge of the disk surface, and ensure that the slots (1911) on the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) are aligned when they are rotated to the intersection; three molds are provided through the six slots (1911) on the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192). The load device (17) of the simulated spindle is moved in an "8" shape between the tracks (1101) of the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) to simulate the operation of the knitting machine spindle. The active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) maintain dynamic balance during the rotation process, so that each load device (17) can move back and forth between the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) and ensure that the movement process is continuous and smooth. The suspension bracket includes a support block (11) vertically arranged on the upper plate cover. The vertical rod (12) on the support block (110) is movably connected to the horizontal rod (14) through the clamping block (13). The horizontal rod (14) is provided with a rotary joint (15). The rotary joint (15) is connected to the top of the three load devices (17) through three elastic connectors (16). The vertical rod (12) is vertically mounted on the support block (11) through a threaded connection to ensure the stability of the device. The clamping block (13) is used to fix the horizontal rod (14) on the vertical rod (12) so as to keep the relative position of the two unchanged. The transmission mechanism (2) includes a power source and a driven wheel combination, wherein the driven wheel combination includes a fixed guide wheel (22), and a driven wheel (245), a driving wheel (246), a first tensioning wheel (281) and a second tensioning wheel (282) whose positions are independently adjustable, wherein the power source drives the driving wheel (246) through a chain, and the driving wheel (246) drives the driven wheel (245) to rotate through the chain, and tensions the chain through the movable first tensioning wheel (281) and the second tensioning wheel (282); the driven wheel (245), the main guide wheel (22) and the second tensioning wheel (282) are connected to each other. The driven wheel (246) is respectively connected to the driven dial (192) and the active dial (191) and drives them. The driven wheel (245) and the active wheel (246) adjust the position spacing according to the driven dials (192) and the active dials (191) of different specifications installed, so that the driven dials (192) and the active dials (191) can work in a matching manner, thereby realizing the installation and testing of different types of knitting machine dials and spindles, improving the flexibility and application range of the test, and carrying out performance tests of different types of spindles and spindle seats on the same equipment.

2. The multi-specification braiding machine spindle, dial, and slider wear acceleration testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power source of the transmission mechanism (2) includes a servo motor (26), a driving shaft of the servo motor (26) is connected to a small sprocket (27), and a driven wheel assembly includes a guide wheel (22), a driven wheel (245), a driving wheel (246), a first tensioning wheel (281) and a second tensioning wheel (282) which are respectively arranged horizontally, wherein the guide wheel (22) is connected to a bearing of a fixed guide wheel support seat (21), the driven wheel (245) and the driving wheel (246) are both arranged on a movable nut (248) of a screw (244) whose position can be manually adjusted through bearings, the first tensioning wheel (281) and the second tensioning wheel (282) are both arranged in a guide rail (289) through a sliding block (2811), wherein the driving wheel (24 6) is a double-row sprocket structure, the small sprocket (27) is connected to the lower row sprocket of the driving wheel (246) through the second chain (25), and the second chain (25) is tensioned after adjusting the position on the screw (244) through the first tensioning wheel (281); the guide wheel (22), the driven wheel (245), the driving wheel (246) and the second tensioning wheel (282) are connected to each other through the first chain (23), wherein the first chain (23) is sequentially connected to the driving wheel (246), the guide wheel (22), the driven wheel (245), and the second tensioning wheel (282), wherein the driven wheel (245) and the driving wheel (246) are driven by the first chain (23), and the driven wheel (245) and the driving wheel (246) are synchronously reversed.

3. The multi-specification braiding machine spindle, dial, and slider wear acceleration testing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elastic connecting member (16) includes a rigid rod (161), a connecting spring (162) and a spring adjusting device, wherein the tail end of the rigid rod (161) is connected to the connecting spring (162), and the other end of the connecting spring (162) is connected to the spring adjusting device. The spring adjusting device includes a bolt (163) whose end is connected to the connecting spring (162), and a hollow connecting tube (167) is connected to the middle of the bolt (163) through a nut (164) and a bearing (165). A bearing (165) and a retaining spring (166) are installed on a boss on the bottom surface of the nut (164). The retaining spring (166) fixes the bearing (165) to the rear of the nut (164). The bearing (165) ) is fixed in the hollow connecting tube (167) by interference fit, and the end of the hollow connecting tube (167) is connected to the load device (17) by a hook. The tension of the connecting spring (162) is adjusted by rotating the nut (164) so ​​that the tension of the spring (162) is kept within the design test value range to simulate the eccentric tension of the spindle under test during operation in actual work. In addition, by simply adjusting the preload of the spring (162), wear tests can be carried out under different eccentric forces on the spindle seat, thereby simulating the force of the spindle seat during the actual operation of the knitting machine, and truly reflecting the friction and wear characteristics of different models of dials and spindle seats under different load conditions.

4. The multi-specification braiding machine spindle, dial, and slider wear acceleration testing system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The load device (17) includes an ingot base (174) with a slider (175) at the bottom, a counterweight (173) which can be increased or decreased and connected by a fastening bolt (172) is connected to the ingot base (174) via an ingot base shaft (1741), a hanging ear (171) connected to the end of a hollow connecting pipe (167) is provided at the top of the counterweight (173), and all the counterweights (173) are arranged on the ingot base (174), and the ingot base shaft (1741) is connected to the dial group (167) to be tested. 9) on the card slot (1911), the load device (17) is clamped in the card slot (1911) through the spindle seat shaft (1741), so that the slider (175) below the spindle seat (174) matches the track (1101), the slider (175) can rotate freely, and is clamped in the "8"-shaped track (1101) on the upper plate cover (111) as a guide block, so that the load device (17) imitates the spindle to run along the track (1101), simulating the operation of the knitting machine spindle seat; When the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) rotate, the spindle seat (174) in the dial slot (1911) is driven to move, and the slider (175) at the bottom of the spindle seat slides in the track (1101) in the upper plate cover (110). The track (1101) constrains the movement trajectory of the slider (175), thereby guiding the spindle seat (174) to move along an "8"-shaped trajectory, so that the spindle seat (174) reciprocates in the slots of the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192), and can move from the slot (1911) of one dial to the slot (1911) of the other dial at the intersection of the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) according to the movement trajectory; in addition, by adding or reducing the number of counterweights (173), spindles with different loads are simulated for experiments.

5. The wear acceleration testing system for spindles, dials, and sliders of multi-specification braiding machines according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The driven wheel (245) and the driving wheel (246) are movably connected to the screw-nut pair through bearings, wherein bearing seats (242) and support shafts (247) are provided at both ends of the screw (244), the movable nut (248) is provided on the screw (244), the tensioning wheel shaft is installed on the sliding block (2811), the bottom of the sliding block (2811) is installed on the guide rail (289), the sliding block (2811) and the positioning seat (284) are connected by a spring (286), and by adjusting the compression or extension of the spring (286), the first tensioning wheel (281) and the second tensioning wheel (282) can be moved in the horizontal direction to achieve elastic adjustment of the tensioning force of the first chain (23) and the second chain (25), and the sliding block (2811) is provided with a positioning pin (2810) for accurately positioning and fixing the position of the first tensioning wheel (281) and the second tensioning wheel (282).

6. The multi-specification braiding machine spindle, dial, and slider wear acceleration testing system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A stepped shaft (152) is provided on the rotary joint (15), and three bearings (153) matching the number of the load device (17) are provided below the stepped shaft (152), a retaining ring (154) is provided between the bearings (153), a sleeve (151) is provided on the outside of the bearing (153), and a hanging ring (1511) is processed below the sleeve (151), and the three hanging rings are respectively connected to three elastic connectors (16); for wear experiments on different types of braiding machines, according to the distance between the spindle and the silk thread braiding point on the braiding machine, the relative position of the rotary joint (15) and the load device (17) is changed by adjusting the position of the clamping block (13) on the vertical rod (12), so that the distance between the two is equal to the distance between the spindle and the silk thread braiding point, ensuring that the test conditions are consistent with the actual working conditions and more realistically reflecting the changes in dynamic friction performance.

7. The multi-specification braiding machine spindle, dial, and slider wear acceleration testing system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The vibration measurement system (34) is composed of four acceleration sensors (31) arranged at upper, lower, left, and right positions of the measuring dial group (19), wherein two acceleration sensors (31) are respectively arranged on both sides of the intersection of the "8"-shaped track, and two acceleration sensors (31) are respectively arranged at both ends of the "8"-shaped motion track; The infrared temperature measuring device (33) includes a cooling fan (32) and two non-contact infrared temperature measuring devices (33) arranged beside the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192). The infrared temperature measuring device (33) performs real-time temperature detection on the spindle seat and the dial body. When the detected temperature is higher than a preset normal temperature threshold value within the temperature range, the cooling fan (32) is turned on to cool the dial group (19) being tested.

8. An analysis method using the wear acceleration test system for spindles, dials and sliders of multi-specification braiding machines according to claim 7, characterized in that: Here are the steps: S1. Before conducting friction performance analysis, first adjust the relevant parameters of the device according to the braiding machine to be tested: by adjusting the position of the lead screw (244) and the first tensioning wheel (281) and the second tensioning wheel (282) in the transmission mechanism, ensure that the tension of the chain is moderate, and adjust the center distance between the driving wheel (246) and the driven wheel (245) to adapt to the size and installation requirements of the dial group (19) of different models to be tested; at the same time, by adjusting the position of the clamping block (13) on the vertical rod (12), ensure that the distance between the rotary joint (15) and the load device (17) is consistent with the distance between the actual braiding machine spindle and the silk thread braiding point, and the three hanging ears (171) on the rotary joint (15) are respectively connected to the three load devices (17) to ensure that the three load devices (17) will not be entangled when performing the "8" shape movement, thereby simulating the real working conditions; S2. The servo motor (26) drives the driving wheel (246) to rotate, thereby driving the active dial (191) and the driven dial (192) in the dial group (19) to operate synchronously; the spindle seat (174) slides along the track (1101) driven by the dial slot (1911), simulating the movement process of the knitting machine spindle in actual work, which smoothly transitions from one dial area to another dial area; the load device (17) flexibly adjusts the load on the spindle seat (174) by adding or reducing the number of counterweights (173) to simulate the friction behavior under different loads; by gradually increasing the load, the friction force change law between the spindle seat (174) and the dial, as well as the wear characteristics under high load conditions, are tested; in addition, by adjusting the preload of the elastic connector (16), the eccentric force is adjusted to ensure that the test bench can truly simulate the eccentric tension applied to the spindle seat in actual work.

9. The analysis method according to claim 8, characterized in that In actual work, since the contact wear between the spindle seat and the dial group (19) under test mainly occurs in the following three parts: first, the contact wear between the dial and the upper and lower surfaces of the spindle seat (174); second, the wear between the card slot (1911) around the dial and the spindle seat shaft (1741) due to impact and rotation; third, the sliding wear between the slider (175) at the bottom of the spindle seat (174) and the upper plate cover guide rail (1101), the analysis scheme for the friction performance between the spindle seat and the dial on any tested knitting machine includes the following three detection parts: Wear detection of different materials: used to study the influence mechanism of material hardness on the wear and damage of the spindle seat (174) and the dial material. The materials of the dial group (19) to be tested include graphite cast iron and ductile iron. The material of the spindle seat (174) is usually 45# steel, 40Cr. The material of the slider (175) is 45# steel, powder metallurgy. Different materials are processed into the spindle seat (174), the dial group (19) to be tested and the slider (175) that meet the part size requirements; 175 Wear test under different loads: to detect the transformation mechanism of wear and damage behavior of the spindle base (174) and the tested dial group (19) with the change of load, i.e., the counterweight (173); Wear test with changing speed: Check the influence of the speed of the tested dial group (19) on the wear and damage behavior of the spindle base (174), the tested dial group (19) itself and the slider (175); set the spindle moving speed to 1.5-2 m / s, and the speed of the dial to 190-255 r / min, and then calculate the speed range of the servo motor according to the transmission ratio; In order to evaluate the wear performance and fatigue characteristics of different materials under specific working conditions, the surface roughness of the spindle seat (174) and the slider (175) is first measured using a profilometer. 6-8 roughness measurement points are selected at equal intervals along the circumference on the contact surface between the spindle seat shaft (1741) and the dial slot and measured in the axial direction. On the contact surface between the slider (175) and the track, 3-5 positions are selected on the slider (175) and measured in the circumferential direction. The measurement results are averaged. After the analysis is completed, the surface wear morphology of the tested spindle seat (174), the tested dial group (19) and the slider (175) is observed by using microscopic analysis technology. The wear scar morphology of the spindle seat (174), the tested dial group (19) and the slider (175) is preliminarily observed to quickly obtain the macroscopic characteristics of the wear area. Then, the wear scar area is observed at a higher resolution by using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The microscopic morphology of the key area is observed, and the microstructural characteristics of the wear surface and the wear mechanism are analyzed in detail. Vibration tests are performed using an acceleration sensor (31) installed on the upper plate cover (110) to evaluate the performance of different materials and structures during the wear stage.

10. The analysis method according to claim 9, characterized in that The vibration test steps are as follows: using four acceleration sensors (31) to collect the vibration signals generated during the test in real time, and performing frequency domain and time domain analysis on the vibration data; extracting the spectral characteristics of the vibration signal through Fourier transform (FFT), quantifying the change of vibration amplitude, analyzing the similarities and differences of vibration signals at different positions, identifying the characteristic frequencies related to material wear failure during the wear process, and characterizing the differences in vibration characteristics caused by wear or structural imbalance; When testing different materials, different loads and different speed conditions, a group of tested dial groups (19), spindle bases (174) and sliders (175) of selected materials are selected, and different speed working conditions of the tested dial group (19) are set under fixed load conditions. During the experiment, vibration signals are collected at different intervals and surface roughness is measured, and vibration characteristics of the vibration signals collected by the acceleration sensor on the upper plate cover and the change trend of the surface roughness of the spindle base (174), the tested dial group (19) and the slider (175) are recorded, and the influence of the speed on the material vibration characteristics and wear performance of the spindle base (174), the tested dial group (19) and the slider (175) is analyzed; After determining the speed and load conditions, repeatedly replacing the dial, spindle seat (174) and slider (175) of different materials, collecting vibration signals and wear data, and comparing the vibration resistance and wear resistance of different material combinations under the same load and speed conditions; after determining the speed and material conditions, replacing different counterweights (173) to change the load conditions of the tested spindle, and studying the influence of the load change of the tested spindle on the vibration characteristics and wear performance under the same material and speed conditions; Combined with the test running time, the measuring points of different acceleration sensors (31) under different materials, rotation speeds and load conditions are compared and analyzed to obtain the change law of vibration signal characteristics with wear time, and the vibration signal characteristics include dominant frequency and amplitude growth rate; at the same time, the surface roughness of the spindle seat (174), dial and slider (175) at different wear time points is measured, and the correlation between the surface roughness of the spindle seat (174), dial and slider (175) and the change of vibration intensity is analyzed, and the surface roughness and vibration intensity growth characteristics of the spindle seat (174), dial and slider (175) of different materials under the same rotation speed and load conditions are further compared; a correlation model between the vibration signal of the acceleration sensor and the wear performance is established, and the anti-vibration and anti-wear capabilities of the material under different rotation speeds, loads and wear time are comprehensively evaluated, and according to specific application requirements, the material type and hardness level suitable for the working environment are selected to provide a scientific basis for improving the service life of the actual braiding machine; A non-contact infrared temperature measuring device (33) is used to detect the real-time temperature of the spindle seat and the dial. When the temperature is higher than the temperature range during normal operation, the cooling fan (32) is turned on to cool down. The sealed box where the transmission mechanism is located is filled with oil, which can effectively absorb and dissipate the heat generated by the transmission mechanism. Even if the oil temperature rises or the performance decreases after long-term operation, the normal heat dissipation and lubrication effects can be restored by regularly replacing the oil, thereby ensuring that the environment of the wear test is close to the actual working conditions.

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