Capacitor backup function detection system and safety control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of capacitor detection and maintenance, in particular to a capacitor backup function detection system and a safety control method. The parameter sampling circuit is used for detecting voltage, current and temperature parameters and importing the parameters into the MCU; the safety protection circuit is started by the MCU through an output port according to feedback parameters of the parameter sampling circuit; and the communication circuit realizes data interconnection with human-computer interaction display equipment through an MCU communication port, and an MCU forms a safety protection circuit operation condition according to feedback parameters of the parameter sampling circuit. Effective function detection can be carried out on the terminal, voltage, current and temperature changes are detected, adjustment is carried out actively according to problems, distribution network automation accidents are prevented, and normal operation of equipment is not affected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of capacitor detection and maintenance, and in particular to a capacitor backup function detection system and a safety control method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of distribution automation technology, distribution automation terminals (FTU) play an increasingly important role in power systems. As an intelligent node in the distribution network, FTU is responsible for tasks such as collecting data, controlling equipment, and transmitting information. Its normal operation is crucial to ensuring the safety and stability of the power system. However, there are still some problems with the power supply system of distribution automation terminals.

[0003] The energy storage unit has poor performance and short service life, which will make the intelligent equipment unable to operate normally. The line cannot be cut off when a line fault occurs, and the power supply cannot be restored in time when the line needs to be restored. The power system charge and discharge management function is not perfect and lacks online detection function, which cannot effectively extend the energy storage time.

[0004] Therefore, a capacitor backup function detection system and safety control method are needed to meet the needs of the existing environment, which can perform functional detection on the terminal, detect voltage, current, and temperature changes, actively make adjustments based on problems, prevent distribution network automation accidents, and improve the power distribution network automation operation and maintenance capabilities. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the abstract of the specification and the title of the invention of this application to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, the abstract of the specification and the title of the invention, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned existing technologies, the distribution automation terminal cannot actively cut off the line when a line fault occurs, and cannot restore power in time when the line needs to be restored. The power supply system charging and discharging management function is imperfect and lacks online detection function.

[0007] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to design a capacitor backup function detection system and safety control method that can perform functional detection on the terminal, detect voltage, current, and temperature changes, actively make adjustments based on problems, prevent distribution network automation accidents, and improve the power distribution network automation operation and maintenance capabilities to meet the needs of the existing environment.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a capacitor backup function detection system, comprising:

[0009] Parameter sampling circuit, detect voltage, current, and temperature parameters and import them into MCU;

[0010] Safety protection circuit, MCU starts through the output port according to the feedback parameters of the parameter sampling circuit;

[0011] The communication circuit realizes data interconnection through the MCU communication port and the human-computer interaction display device.

[0012] As an improvement of the present invention,

[0013] The parameter sampling circuit includes a current, voltage and power sampling circuit and a temperature sampling circuit;

[0014] The current, voltage and power sampling circuit includes a processing chip, and the processing chip is connected to the pin of the voltage source to be measured;

[0015] The temperature sampling circuit comprises an amplifying unit and a filtering unit, and the filtering units are connected in parallel.

[0016] As an improvement of the present invention,

[0017] Series sampling resistors in current, voltage and power sampling circuits;

[0018] The Vbus pin on the processing chip is connected to the positive end of the voltage source to be measured, and the VIN- pin is connected to the negative end of the voltage source to be measured or the reference ground to measure the voltage value.

[0019] As an improvement of the present invention,

[0020] The VIN+ and VIN- pins on the processing chip are connected to the two ends of the sampling resistor;

[0021] The differential amplifier in the processing chip processes the voltage drop across the sampling resistor to generate an electrical signal;

[0022] The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in the processing chip converts the electrical signal into a digital signal and transmits the measured current value to the outside through the I2C or SMBus interface.

[0023] As an improvement of the present invention,

[0024] The processing chip integrates a multiplier to calculate the voltage and current values ​​to obtain the power value;

[0025] The processing chip provides calibration values ​​and configuration registers to compensate for errors and optimize accuracy;

[0026] The power value is transmitted to the outside in the form of a digital signal through the I2C or SMBus interface.

[0027] As an improvement of the present invention,

[0028] A bridge arm resistor is set in the temperature sampling circuit to simulate a Wheatstone bridge;

[0029] The resistance of the bridge arm changes temperature, the bridge becomes unbalanced, and the voltage signal is digitally processed by the amplification unit;

[0030] The temperature sampling circuit detects the voltage signal and calculates the actual temperature based on the resistance-temperature characteristic.

[0031] A safety control method,

[0032] The MCU forms the operating conditions of the safety protection circuit according to the feedback parameters of the parameter sampling circuit;

[0033] The voltage is too high and the safety protection circuit disconnects the circuit;

[0034] The current is too large, and the safety protection circuit limits the current or disconnects the circuit;

[0035] The voltage is too low and the safety protection circuit triggers an alarm;

[0036] The temperature is too high and the safety protection circuit triggers an alarm.

[0037] As an improvement of the present invention,

[0038] Safety protection circuit operating conditions, including,

[0039] Set the overvoltage threshold of the power supply to be tested to 8.25V;

[0040] A relay is provided in the safety protection circuit;

[0041] When the voltage sampling detection value exceeds the overvoltage threshold, the relay in the safety protection circuit disconnects the circuit.

[0042] As an improvement of the present invention,

[0043] Safety protection circuit operating conditions, including,

[0044] Set the overcurrent threshold of the return circuit to 15A;

[0045] An overcurrent protection module is provided in the safety protection circuit;

[0046] When the current sampling detection value exceeds the overcurrent threshold, the overcurrent protection module in the safety protection circuit limits the current;

[0047] If the current sampling detection value exceeds the overcurrent threshold by 40%, the overcurrent protection module in the safety protection circuit disconnects the circuit.

[0048] As an improvement of the present invention,

[0049] Safety protection circuit operating conditions, including,

[0050] Set the undervoltage threshold of the power supply to be tested to 1.65V;

[0051] An alarm module is provided in the safety protection circuit;

[0052] When the voltage sampling detection value is lower than the undervoltage threshold, the safety protection circuit starts the alarm module to prompt;

[0053] Set the over-temperature threshold of the reflow circuit to 80°C;

[0054] When the temperature sampling detection value exceeds the over-temperature threshold, the safety protection circuit activates the alarm module to prompt.

[0055] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: being able to perform effective function detection on the terminal, detecting changes in voltage, current, and temperature, actively making adjustments based on problems, preventing distribution network automation accidents from occurring, and not affecting the normal operation of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor. Among them:

[0057] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the capacitor backup function detection system of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the coordination of the internal modules of the MCU in the capacitor backup function detection system of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the current, voltage and power sampling circuit architecture in the capacitor backup function detection system of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the temperature sampling circuit architecture in the capacitor backup function detection system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] Reference Figure 1 , this embodiment provides a capacitor backup function detection system.

[0064] The composition and working principle of the parameter sampling circuit 100 are as follows. The circuit is mainly composed of a voltage detection module, a current detection module and a temperature detection module. The voltage detection module uses a precision voltage divider circuit to reduce the voltage across the supercapacitor to a range suitable for MCU input. The current detection module can use a non-inductive resistor as a sampling resistor and calculate the current flowing through the capacitor by measuring the voltage drop across the resistor.

[0065] The temperature detection module uses a thermistor, whose resistance changes with temperature, and obtains the temperature information of the capacitor by measuring its resistance. These parameters are imported into the MCU through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), that is, a high-performance single-chip STM32CBT6, which has rich peripheral interfaces and powerful processing capabilities, and can process sampled data quickly and accurately.

[0066] The output port of the MCU is connected to the remote control output circuit, which includes switch elements such as relays and transistors, and is used to control the charging and discharging process of the capacitor. When the MCU detects that the voltage, current or temperature parameter transmitted by the parameter sampling circuit 100 exceeds the preset safety range, the MCU will immediately send a signal through the output port to start the safety protection circuit 200. For example, if an overvoltage condition is detected, the MCU will trigger the overvoltage protection circuit and cut off the charging path of the capacitor through the relay to prevent the voltage from continuing to rise.

[0067] The implementation of communication circuit 300 is as follows. The communication port of MCU is connected to a human-computer interaction display device via a serial communication interface (such as RS-232, RS-485 or USB). The device can be an LCD display, an LED display or a touch screen, etc., for displaying the voltage, current and temperature parameters of the capacitor in real time, as well as the working state of the system. The user can monitor the operation of the capacitor through the interactive interface and receive an alarm message when an abnormality occurs. The capacitor backup function detection system provided by the present invention can ensure the safe operation of the supercapacitor under various working conditions, and provide an intuitive operation and monitoring interface for the user.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] Reference Figures 1 to 4 This embodiment is based on the previous embodiment, and is different from the previous embodiment in that:

[0070] The current, voltage and power sampling circuit 101 includes a processing chip 101a, which is a high-precision analog front-end processor, such as INA226, which is specially designed for accurate measurement of current and voltage. The Vbus pin of the processing chip 101a is connected to the positive terminal of the voltage source to be measured, and the VIN- pin is connected to the negative terminal of the voltage source to be measured or the reference ground to measure the voltage value.

[0071] In terms of current measurement, a sampling resistor 101b is connected in series in the circuit. The resistor has a very low temperature coefficient and a stable resistance value to ensure measurement accuracy. According to Ohm's law, when current passes through the sampling resistor 101b, a voltage drop proportional to the current will be generated across the sampling resistor 101b.

[0072] The VIN+ and VIN- pins of the processing chip 101a are connected to the two ends of the sampling resistor 101b respectively. The differential amplifier inside the processing chip 101a processes the voltage drop across the sampling resistor to generate an electrical signal. This electrical signal is then converted into a digital signal by the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) inside the processing chip 101a, and the measured current value is transmitted to the outside through the I2C or SMBus interface. The high-speed differential amplifier amplifies the weak voltage drop across the sampling resistor, and the amplification factor can be set by programming to adapt to different current measurement ranges and accuracy requirements.

[0073] The amplified voltage signal is converted into a digital signal by the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) inside the INA226. Then, the digital signal is transmitted to a microcontroller or other host device through the I2C or SMBus interface, and the host device can calculate the actual current value based on the calibration coefficient and configuration parameters.

[0074] The design of the temperature sampling circuit 102 includes a bridge arm resistor 201a, and J3, R22-23, and R29 in the figure jointly simulate the structure of the Wheatstone bridge. When the bridge arm resistor 201a changes its resistance due to temperature changes, the bridge is unbalanced, and the generated voltage signal is captured and digitally processed by the amplifier unit 102a. The amplifier unit 102a usually includes an operational amplifier for enhancing the amplitude of the voltage signal. The filter unit 102b is connected in parallel with the amplifier unit 102a to filter out high-frequency noise and ensure the stability of the signal. The voltage signal detected by the temperature sampling circuit 102 can calculate the actual temperature value based on the temperature characteristics of the bridge arm resistor. The R25-C21\C24 part in the figure is a filter circuit.

[0075] INA226 has an internal multiplier. It multiplies the measured current value (converted from the digital value obtained by the current sampling circuit) and the voltage value (directly measured or processed digital value) internally to obtain a digital representation of the power value. In order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement, INA226 provides programmable calibration values ​​and configuration registers. Users can set the calibration value according to the actual circuit parameters and measurement requirements to compensate for the measurement error; at the same time, configure parameters such as conversion time and averaging to optimize measurement accuracy and response speed. The calculated power value is transmitted to the host device in the form of a digital signal through the I2C or SMBus interface. The host device can further process, display or use the power data for other control purposes, such as power monitoring and control in power management, battery charging control, overload protection and other applications.

[0076] The present invention can realize accurate measurement of voltage, current, power and temperature of super capacitor, and perform real-time monitoring and analysis through MCU. The design of the system takes into account measurement accuracy, stability and reliability, ensuring the safe operation of super capacitor in various application environments. In addition, the communication circuit 300 of the system ensures real-time transmission of data and friendly interaction of user interface, so that users can easily monitor the state of capacitor and take necessary protective measures.

[0077] Example 3

[0078] Reference Figures 1-2 This embodiment is based on the previous embodiment, and is different from the previous embodiment in that:

[0079] The MCU forms the operating conditions of the safety protection circuit 200 according to the feedback parameters of the parameter sampling circuit 100. These conditions include but are not limited to the threshold settings of voltage, current, and temperature, as well as corresponding protection measures.

[0080] When the voltage is detected to be too high, the safety protection circuit 200 will disconnect the circuit to prevent further overvoltage damage. Specifically, the operating conditions of the safety protection circuit 200 include setting the overvoltage threshold of the power supply to be tested to 8.25V. In the safety protection circuit 200, a relay is provided as a switching element. When the voltage sampling detection value exceeds the overvoltage threshold, the MCU will send an instruction through the safety protection circuit 200 to cause the relay to disconnect the circuit, thereby cutting off the power supply and protecting the supercapacitor and other circuit components.

[0081] The operating conditions of the safety protection circuit 200 include setting the overcurrent threshold of the return circuit to 15A. An overcurrent protection module is provided in the safety protection circuit 200, which can be a circuit design based on a transistor or MOSFET. When the current sampling detection value exceeds the overcurrent threshold of 15A, the overcurrent protection module will first try to limit the current. If the current sampling detection value exceeds 40% of the overcurrent threshold, the overcurrent protection module will disconnect the circuit to prevent serious damage to the circuit.

[0082] In the case of low voltage, the safety protection circuit 200 will trigger an alarm. The operating conditions include setting the undervoltage threshold of the power supply to be tested to 1.65V. When the voltage sampling detection value is lower than the undervoltage threshold, the alarm module in the safety protection circuit 200 will be activated to prompt the user of abnormal power supply voltage through sound and light alarm or other forms.

[0083] For over-temperature protection, the operating conditions of the safety protection circuit 200 include setting the over-temperature threshold of the return circuit to 80°C. When the temperature sampling detection value exceeds the over-temperature threshold, the safety protection circuit 200 will start the alarm module to alert the user of abnormal temperature through an alarm. The alarm module can be an independent circuit or a function integrated in the MCU, which can issue a warning through an LED indicator, a buzzer, or a human-computer interactive display device.

[0084] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A capacitor backup function detection system, characterized in that: include, A parameter sampling circuit (100) detects voltage, current and temperature parameters and imports them into the MCU; The safety protection circuit (200) is started by the MCU through the output port according to the feedback parameters of the parameter sampling circuit (100); The communication circuit (300) realizes data interconnection through the MCU communication port and the human-computer interaction display device.

2. The capacitor backup function detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parameter sampling circuit (100) comprises a current, voltage and power sampling circuit (101) and a temperature sampling circuit (102); The current, voltage and power sampling circuit (101) comprises a processing chip (101a), and the processing chip (101a) is connected to a pin of a voltage source to be measured; The temperature sampling circuit (102) comprises an amplifying unit (102a) and a filtering unit (102b), wherein the filtering unit (102b) is connected in parallel.

3. The capacitor backup function detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A series current sampling resistor (101b) in the current, voltage and power sampling circuit (101); The Vbus pin on the processing chip (101a) is connected to the positive end of the voltage source to be measured, and the VIN- pin is connected to the negative end of the voltage source to be measured or a reference ground, and the voltage value is measured.

4. The capacitor backup function detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The VIN+ and VIN- pins on the processing chip (101a) are connected to two ends of the sampling resistor (101b); The differential amplifier in the processing chip (101a) processes the voltage drop across the sampling resistor (101b) to generate an electrical signal; An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in the processing chip (101a) converts the electrical signal into a digital signal, and transmits the measured current value to the outside through an I2C or SMBus interface.

5. The capacitor backup function detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A multiplier is integrated in the processing chip (101a) to calculate the voltage value and the current value to obtain the power value; The processing chip (101a) provides calibration values ​​and configuration registers to compensate for errors and optimize accuracy; The power value is transmitted to the outside in the form of a digital signal through the I2C or SMBus interface.

6. The capacitor backup function detection system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A bridge arm resistor (201a) is provided in the temperature sampling circuit (102) to simulate a Wheatstone bridge; The bridge arm resistor (201a) changes temperature, the bridge becomes unbalanced, and the voltage signal is digitally processed by the amplification unit (102a); The temperature sampling circuit (102) detects the voltage signal and calculates the actual temperature according to the resistance-temperature characteristic.

7. A safety control method, characterized in that: The capacitor backup function detection system according to claim 6, and The MCU forms operating conditions of the safety protection circuit (200) according to the feedback parameters of the parameter sampling circuit (100); If the voltage is too high, the safety protection circuit (200) disconnects the circuit; If the current is too large, the safety protection circuit (200) limits the current or disconnects the circuit; The voltage is too low, and the safety protection circuit (200) triggers a low voltage alarm; If the temperature is too high, the safety protection circuit (200) triggers a high temperature alarm.

8. The safety control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: When judging the voltage, Set the overvoltage threshold of the power supply to be tested to 8.25V; A relay is provided in the safety protection circuit (200); If the voltage sampling detection value exceeds the overvoltage threshold, the relay in the safety protection circuit (200) disconnects the circuit, and the voltage is too high. Set the undervoltage threshold of the power supply to be tested to 1.65V; An alarm module is provided in the safety protection circuit (200); When the voltage sampling detection value is lower than the undervoltage threshold, the safety protection circuit (200) starts the low voltage alarm module to prompt that the voltage is too low.

9. The safety control method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: When determining the current, Set the overcurrent threshold of the return circuit to 15A; An overcurrent protection module is provided in the safety protection circuit (200); The current sampling detection value exceeds the overcurrent threshold, and the overcurrent protection module in the safety protection circuit (200) limits the current, and the actual current is too high; If the current sampling detection value exceeds the overcurrent threshold by 40%, the overcurrent protection module in the safety protection circuit (200) disconnects the circuit, and the actual current is too high and exceeds the threshold by 40%.

10. The safety control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: When determining the temperature, Set the over-temperature threshold of the reflow circuit to 80°C; When the temperature sampling detection value exceeds the over-temperature threshold, the safety protection circuit (200) activates the high temperature alarm module to prompt that the temperature of the return circuit is too high.

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