Microwave and optics combined wind profile detection system

Abstract

The invention discloses a microwave and optics combined wind profile detection system, which relates to the technical field of meteorology and integrates a laser probe of a laser radar subsystem in the center of a microwave antenna array plane of a wind profile radar subsystem. The electric scanning center of the wind profile radar subsystem and the optical detection center of the laser radar subsystem are enabled to coincide, and the comprehensive processing subsystem is utilized to realize unified scheduling of the two subsystems so as to guarantee the synchronism of the two subsystems. The comprehensive processing subsystem is used for carrying out data quality analysis and data analysis control on the radial speed data obtained by the two subsystems so as to realize data fusion, and fused radial speed data is obtained. Therefore, the wind profile radar subsystem and the laser radar subsystem are integrated together to realize wind profile combined application detection, and respective detection characteristics of the wind profile radar and the laser radar can be effectively combined, so that the wind profile detection precision and accuracy are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of meteorological technology, and in particular to a microwave and optical combined wind profile detection system. Background Art

[0002] The wind profile is a curve showing how the speed and direction of the atmospheric wind field change with height. It is important radial velocity data for studying the laws of atmospheric motion. In order to achieve real-time and accurate measurement of the wind profile above the observation site, relevant domestic meteorological business departments mainly acquire wind profiles through major observation and detection equipment such as radiosonde radar, satellite navigation sounding system, and wind profiler radar. In addition to the above equipment, lidar (coherent and incoherent systems) has also been used to detect wind profiles in recent years and has been recognized by meteorological business departments. The current common and mainstream practice is to use wind profiler radar or lidar to detect wind profiles. These two methods each have their own advantages and disadvantages: Wind profiler radar, also known as wind profiler, is the most important supplementary means of temporal and spatial resolution for the business application of radiosonde equipment to observe wind profiles. Domestic research on wind profiler radar began in the 1980s. After more than 30 years of development, the hardware and software technology of wind profiler radar has matured, and a wind profiler radar observation network has been built in China. The World Meteorological Organization Observation Committee (WMO) affirmed the role of wind profiler radar in the "Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Observations", clarified the detection of physical quantities such as atmospheric wind fields by wind profiler radar, and effectively solved the shortcomings of conventional sounding business such as long single detection time and high equipment consumption. At the same time, it has played a good role in mesoscale weather forecasting, wind shear, turbulence research, etc. However, the detection effect of wind profiler radar is closely related to environmental changes. Due to the very low scattering power intensity of atmospheric turbulence, wind profiler radar is more sensitive to ground clutter interference. In extremely dry and cold atmospheric environments, the detection effect is also reduced.

[0003] The basis of lidar wind measurement technology is the same as that of wind profiler, which is the Doppler effect. Lidar uses the physical process generated by the interaction between light radiation and molecules, atoms and aerosol particles in the atmosphere to obtain detection of atmospheric movement. At present, the technology of detecting wind fields through lidar is relatively common in the world. Although the relevant fields in China started later, lidar has also been put into business applications. Lidar has high temporal and spatial resolution for wind profile detection, high wind measurement accuracy, and coherent lidar equipment is small in size and easy to transport and integrate, which makes lidar have broad application prospects in the field of wind profile detection. However, due to the general disadvantages of optical equipment, it is greatly affected by weather conditions, especially under cloudy, low visibility, weak precipitation and other weather conditions. The laser signal is severely attenuated, resulting in a significant decrease in the detection power of lidar. In addition, strong background light conditions during the day will also have an adverse effect on the scattering of laser signals.

[0004] It can be seen that although the technology of using wind profile radar or lidar to detect wind profiles is relatively mature at this stage, the detection effect is affected by environmental weather and other factors, and the detection accuracy is difficult to guarantee. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems and technical requirements, this application proposes a microwave and optical combined wind profile detection system. The technical solution of this application is as follows: A microwave and optical combined wind profile detection system, the wind profile detection system comprises a comprehensive processing subsystem, a wind profile radar subsystem and a laser radar subsystem, the wind profile radar subsystem comprises a microwave transceiver module and a microwave antenna array surface connected and controlled thereto, the laser radar subsystem comprises an optical transceiver module and a laser probe connected and controlled thereto; the laser probe is integrated at the center of the microwave antenna array surface, so that the electronic scanning center of the wind profile radar subsystem coincides with the optical detection center of the laser radar subsystem; the comprehensive processing subsystem is connected to the microwave transceiver module and the optical transceiver module; the wind profile detection method performed by the comprehensive processing subsystem comprises: Control the microwave transceiver module and the optical transceiver module to perform synchronous transmission and reception, and at each time step, receive the microwave radial velocity data on each range gate obtained by the wind profile radar subsystem from the microwave transceiver module, and receive the optical radial velocity data on each range gate obtained by the lidar subsystem from the optical transceiver module, and perform spatiotemporal alignment processing on the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data; Performing arithmetic averaging on the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data on each first-category range gate to obtain the fused radial velocity data on the first-category range gate; The wind speed data model of the current time step is obtained by fitting the fused radial velocity data on each first-class range gate and calculating the spatiotemporal consistency parameters of the current time step to obtain the spatiotemporal consistency model of the wind profile of the current time step. The wind speed data model characterizes the data variation characteristics of the radial velocity on different range gates as the height of the range gate changes; Based on the spatiotemporal consistency model of the wind profile at the current time step, the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data at each second-class range gate are fused to obtain the fused radial velocity data at each second-class range gate. The fused radial velocity data on each first-class range gate and the fused radial velocity data on each second-class range gate are integrated, and the fused wind speed and direction results on the range gate are obtained according to the fused radial velocity data on each range gate, and the wind profile detection result of the current time step is obtained, including the fused radial velocity data and fused wind speed and direction results of all range gates at the current time step; Wherein, each set of radial velocity data on each range gate includes the radial velocity of the detection beam at the current range gate decomposed into horizontal radial velocity u and vertical radial velocity v in the horizontal and vertical directions; for any range gate, when the error between the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data on the range gate does not exceed the error threshold, it is determined that the range gate belongs to the first type of range gate, otherwise it is determined that the range gate belongs to the second type of range gate.

[0006] The beneficial technical effects of this application are: The present application discloses a microwave and optical combined wind profile detection system, which integrates a laser probe in the center of a microwave antenna array so that the electrical scanning center of the two subsystems coincides with the optical detection center, thereby ensuring the consistency of the detection positions of the two subsystems, and then uses a comprehensive processing subsystem to achieve unified scheduling to solve the problem of asynchrony between the two subsystems. The comprehensive processing subsystem performs data quality analysis and data analysis control on radial velocity data acquired by the two subsystems to achieve data fusion, and obtains the final fused radial velocity data. The system has been optimized in terms of hardware structure and software function, thereby integrating a wind profile radar subsystem and a laser radar subsystem to achieve joint application detection of wind profiles, and can effectively combine the respective detection characteristics of wind profile radar and laser radar, thereby improving the precision and accuracy of wind profile detection.

[0007] When the comprehensive processing subsystem fuses the radial velocity data of the two subsystems, it determines whether the two sets of radial velocity data corresponding to the range gate can pass the quality control to synthesize the wind profile data, and then summarizes and calculates the wind profile spatiotemporal consistency model. This model can effectively standardize the generated wind profile data, and solve the problem of data jumps that are prone to occur when the current single wind profile radar and lidar perform spatiotemporal consistency standardization, thereby improving the accuracy of the radial velocity data.

[0008] When performing data fusion, the comprehensive processing subsystem will also use the echo signal strength of the original radial velocity data as an indicator to judge the real-time detection power, and use its detection results to judge the weather conditions and environmental characteristics of each range gate, and give priority to the system that is more suitable for detection under the weather conditions of the range gate, thereby adopting different data fusion strategies. This measure takes the advantages of the two observation systems and solves the significant problems existing in detection under a single system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 It is a system structure block diagram of a wind profile detection system according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0010] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of a wind profile detection method executed by a comprehensive processing subsystem in one embodiment of the present application.

[0011] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application in which a laser probe is integrated in the center of a microwave antenna array.

[0012] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present application in which a laser probe is integrated in the center of a microwave antenna array.

[0013] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the portion below the workbench of the wind profile detection system of the structure shown.

[0014] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the portion below the workbench of the wind profile detection system of the structure shown.

[0015] Figure 7 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the internal device arrangement structure of a comprehensive cabinet in an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The specific implementation of the present application is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0017] This application discloses a microwave and optical combined wind profile detection system, please refer to Figure 1 As shown in the system structure block diagram, the wind profile detection system includes a comprehensive processing subsystem, a wind profile radar subsystem and a laser radar subsystem. Among them, the wind profile radar subsystem includes a microwave transceiver module and a microwave antenna array 1 connected and controlled by it. The laser radar subsystem includes an optical transceiver module and a laser probe connected and controlled by it. According to the classic structure of the laser probe, the laser probe includes an optical lens 2 and an optical servo 3.

[0018] The specific structure and working principle of the wind profile radar subsystem can refer to the existing wind profile radar, and the specific structure and working principle of the laser radar subsystem can refer to the existing laser radar. This application does not adjust the structure and working principle of each of the two subsystems, so this part will not be described in detail. The focus of this application is to integrate the wind profile radar subsystem and the laser radar subsystem to achieve joint application detection, thereby combining the detection characteristics of the two wind measurement radars to improve the detection accuracy. In order to achieve this joint application detection, this application has made an optimized design from the hardware structure and software structure, which are introduced as follows: The first part is the hardware structure optimization design to realize the integration of wind profile radar subsystem and lidar subsystem.

[0019] (1) On the one hand, the microwave antenna array 1 in the wind profiler radar subsystem generally has a side length of 3 to 10 meters, while the lidar subsystem is mainly used for low-altitude detection (atmospheric boundary layer). If the laser probe of the wind profiler radar subsystem is simply placed near the wind profiler radar subsystem, although in theory the two subsystems can observe the same high-altitude wind field at a similar position, in practice it cannot be guaranteed that the two subsystems detect the wind field movement in the same area, and the deviation of the detection centers of the two subsystems will cause a detection blind spot for both at low altitudes.

[0020] In order to avoid this problem, the present application integrates the laser probe of the laser radar subsystem into the center of the microwave antenna array 1, so that the electronic scanning center of the wind profile radar subsystem coincides with the optical detection center of the laser radar subsystem. Figure 1 , which can ensure that the detection positions of the wind profile radar subsystem's detection beam 4 and the lidar subsystem's detection beam 5 for the overhead wind field are completely consistent, and avoid detection blind spots, which can effectively improve the accuracy of radial velocity data.

[0021] (2) On the other hand, the time resolution and spatial resolution of the wind profile radar subsystem and the lidar subsystem are different, which brings difficulties to the subsequent data fusion of the two. In order to solve this problem, a comprehensive processing subsystem is set in the wind profile detection system of the present application. The comprehensive processing subsystem connects the microwave transceiver module and the optical transceiver module, so that the two subsystems are uniformly scheduled by the same comprehensive processing subsystem, ensuring that the two subsystems can transmit simultaneously under the control of the synchronous clock, ensuring the working synchronization of the two subsystems.

[0022] Part II: In addition to the hardware structure optimization design mentioned above, in order to achieve joint application detection, software optimization design is also required, mainly to design the scheduling execution process of the comprehensive processing subsystem. The wind profile detection method implemented by the comprehensive processing subsystem includes the following steps, please refer to Figure 2 The flowchart shown: Control the microwave transceiver module and the optical transceiver module to perform synchronous transceiver. In the wind profile radar subsystem, the microwave transceiver module transmits and receives microwave signals through the microwave antenna array 1 to obtain microwave radial velocity data on each range gate. In the laser radar subsystem, the optical transceiver module transmits and receives optical signals through the laser probe to obtain optical radial velocity data on each range gate. The microwave transceiver module and the optical transceiver module are uniformly scheduled by the comprehensive processing subsystem. The two subsystems share a set of working timings, so that the microwave signal and the optical signal are transmitted simultaneously under the control of the synchronization time, ensuring the synchronization of the two subsystems.

[0023] Then at each time step, execute steps 1 to 5 as follows: Step 1: At each time step, the microwave radial velocity data on each range gate obtained by the wind profile radar subsystem is received from the microwave transceiver module, and the optical radial velocity data on each range gate obtained by the lidar subsystem is received from the optical transceiver module, and the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data are aligned in time and space. Each set of radial velocity data on each range gate obtained includes the radial velocity of the detection beam at the current range gate decomposed into the horizontal radial velocity u and the vertical radial velocity v in the horizontal and vertical directions.

[0024] Since the time resolution of optical radial velocity data is generally higher than that of microwave radial velocity data, it is necessary to perform an arithmetic average of the optical radial velocity data in time to match the time resolution of the microwave radial velocity data to ensure that the two data are aligned in time resolution.

[0025] In addition to aligning the temporal resolution of microwave radial velocity data and optical radial velocity data, spatially aligning microwave radial velocity data and optical radial velocity data is also a very important step. Since the optical radial velocity data is superior to the microwave radial velocity data in terms of height resolution, the microwave radial velocity data is linearly interpolated to align the microwave radial velocity data with the optical radial velocity data in space.

[0026] After obtaining the microwave radial velocity data and optical radial velocity data that have completed time and space alignment on each range gate, first perform a radial velocity comparison on the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data, and detect the error between the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data for each range gate. For any range gate, when the error between the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data on the range gate does not exceed the error threshold, it is determined that the range gate belongs to the first type of range gate, otherwise it is determined that the range gate belongs to the second type of range gate. Among them, the error threshold is custom set, so that the category to which each range gate belongs can be determined by comparing and classifying each range gate. Due to the difference in the principles of the microwave and optical wind measurement systems, under certain weather conditions with a high liquid water content in the atmosphere, the echo signal-to-noise ratio of microwave detection is relatively strong, but at this time the optical detection signal will be unable to obtain an echo signal with a strong signal-to-noise ratio due to its large attenuation, and at this time there will be a large difference in the wind measurement results of the two systems. Conversely, under dry and cold weather conditions, as long as the aerosol content in the atmosphere is sufficient, the echo signal-to-noise ratio of microwave detection will weaken and the echo signal-to-noise ratio of optical detection will increase. There will also be a large difference in the wind measurement results of the two systems. Therefore, in actual applications, there are often both first-class and second-class range gates.

[0027] Step 2, performing arithmetic averaging on the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data on each first-class range gate to obtain the fused radial velocity data on the first-class range gate, including performing arithmetic averaging on the horizontal radial velocities in the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data to obtain the horizontal radial velocity in the fused radial velocity data, and performing arithmetic averaging on the vertical radial velocities in the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data to obtain the vertical radial velocity in the fused radial velocity data.

[0028] Step 3: Get the wind speed data model of the current time step based on the fused radial velocity data on each first-class range gate. And the spatiotemporal consistency parameters are calculated to obtain the spatiotemporal consistency model of the wind profile at the current time step.

[0029] The wind speed data model obtained by fitting characterizes the data variation characteristics of the radial velocity at different range gates as the height of the range gate changes. In one embodiment, the wind speed data model obtained by fitting includes: According to the fused radial velocity data on each first-class range gate in the current time step, the wind speed data model of the current time step is obtained by nonlinear fitting , wind speed data model for the current time step Indicates the data variation characteristics of the reference radial velocity data at the current time step as the height of the range gate changes.

[0030] Calculating the spatiotemporal consistency parameters of the current time step includes: determining the reference radial velocity data of each range gate according to the wind speed data model, calculating the spatial consistency parameters of the current time step according to the reference radial velocity data of each range gate, and calculating the temporal consistency parameters of each range gate according to the fused radial velocity data of each range gate in multiple historical time steps. The reference radial velocity data of each range gate includes the reference results of the horizontal radial velocity and the reference results of the vertical radial velocity.

[0031] Current time step The spatial consistency parameters include the current time step The spatial consistency parameter of the horizontal radial velocity and the current time step The spatial consistency parameter of the vertical velocity , including calculation according to the following formula:

[0032] in, is the number of all range gates. The distance from low to high The range gate is at the current time step The horizontal radial velocity in the reference radial velocity data, The distance from low to high The range gate is at the current time step The vertical radial velocity in the reference radial velocity data. The distance from low to high The range gate is at the current time step The horizontal radial velocity in the reference radial velocity data, The distance from low to high The range gate is at the current time step The vertical radial velocity in the reference radial velocity data. An integer parameter.

[0033] Calculate the average of the difference between the fused radial velocity data of two adjacent historical time steps in the fused radial velocity data of multiple historical time steps before the current time step for each range gate, and obtain the time consistency parameter of the range gate at the current time step, including the time consistency parameter of any distance from low to high. The range gate is calculated according to the following formula to get the The range gate is at the current time step Time consistency parameters:

[0034] in, It is The range gate is at the current time step The time consistency parameter of the horizontal radial velocity, It is The range gate is at the current time step Time consistency parameter of the vertical radial velocity. It is The range gate is at the current time step The previous The horizontal radial velocity in the fused radial velocity data of time steps, It is The range gate is at the current time step The previous The vertical radial velocity in the fused radial velocity data at time steps. It is The range gate is at the current time step The previous The horizontal radial velocity in the fused radial velocity data of time steps, It is The range gate is at the current time step The previous The vertical radial velocity in the fused radial velocity data for time steps. Integer parameter .

[0035] Step 4: Based on the spatiotemporal consistency model of the wind profile at the current time step, the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data at each second-class range gate are fused to obtain the fused radial velocity data at each second-class range gate.

[0036] First, comprehensively judge the echo intensity of microwave radial velocity data and optical radial velocity data on each range gate, and fuse them according to different fusion strategies according to different echo intensity conditions. The echo intensity conditions of microwave radial velocity data and optical radial velocity data on each second-class range gate mainly fall into the following situations, and different fusion strategies are used for data fusion, for each second-class range gate: (1) The echo intensity of only one type of radial velocity data on the second type range gate meets the corresponding intensity requirement, including that only the echo intensity of microwave radial velocity data meets the corresponding microwave intensity requirement, or only the echo intensity of optical radial velocity data meets the corresponding optical intensity requirement.

[0037] In this case, it is necessary to use the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data on the second type of range gate at the same time to obtain the fused radial velocity data, and to perform weighted calculation on the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data on the second type of range gate based on the wind profile data model to obtain the fused radial velocity data on the second type of range gate. Including: (a) Determine the wind measurement system applicable to the weather conditions where the second type of range gate is located based on the echo intensities of the two types of radial velocity data, and initialize the weighting coefficient a of the microwave radial velocity data and the weighting coefficient b of the optical radial velocity data based on the wind measurement system applicable to the weather conditions where the second type of range gate is located, 0<a<1, 0<b<1, a+b=1.

[0038] As mentioned above, this situation specifically includes two situations: Case 1: Only the echo intensity of the microwave radial velocity data on the second type range gate meets the corresponding microwave intensity requirement, while the echo intensity of the optical radial velocity data does not meet the corresponding optical intensity requirement, indicating that the weather condition where the second type range gate is located is in low visibility weather that is not conducive to optical detection. At this time, a higher weighting coefficient is allocated to the microwave radial velocity data. Therefore, when it is determined that the wind measurement system applicable to the weather condition where the second type range gate is located is the microwave wind measurement system, a>b is initialized.

[0039] Case 2: Only the echo intensity of the optical radial velocity data on the second type of range gate meets the corresponding optical intensity requirement, while the echo intensity of the microwave radial velocity data does not meet the corresponding microwave intensity requirement, indicating that the weather condition where the second type of range gate is located is sunny and dry, and is the weather used for optical detection. At this time, a higher weighting coefficient is assigned to the optical radial velocity data. Therefore, when it is determined that the wind measurement system applicable to the weather condition where the second type of range gate is located is the optical wind measurement system, b>a is initialized.

[0040] (b) The microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data on the second-class range gate are weighted according to the weighting coefficient to obtain the weighted result on the second-class range gate. The weighted result on the second-class range gate includes the weighted result of the horizontal radial velocity and the weighted result of the vertical radial velocity. Then, it is checked whether the weighted result on the second-class range gate matches the spatiotemporal consistency model of the wind profile at the current time step, including for any second-class range gate : When satisfied and When the weighted result on the second type of range gate matches the wind profile spatiotemporal consistency model, it is determined that the weighted result on the second type of range gate matches the wind profile spatiotemporal consistency model; otherwise, it is determined that the weighted result on the second type of range gate does not match the wind profile spatiotemporal consistency model.

[0041] in, It is the second type of range gate At the current time step The weighted result of the horizontal radial velocity is It is the second type of range gate At the current time step The weighted result of the vertical radial velocity. It is the second type of distance gate determined by the wind speed data model at the current time step. At the current time step The reference result of the horizontal radial velocity is It is the second type of distance gate determined by the wind speed data model at the current time step. At the current time step Reference results of vertical diameter velocity. It is the second type of range gate In the previous time step The horizontal radial velocity in the fused radial velocity data is It is the second type of range gate In the previous time step The vertical radial velocity in the fused radial velocity data. , It is the second type of range gate At the current time step Time consistency parameters.

[0042] (c) When the weighted result on the second type of range gate does not match the spatiotemporal consistency model of the wind profile at the current time step, the weighting coefficient a of the microwave radial velocity data and the weighting coefficient b of the optical radial velocity data are adjusted and the weighted result is recalculated. The adjustment method is to increase the weighting coefficient of the radial velocity data with stronger echo intensity. Including: when a>b is initialized in step (a), in the process of adjusting the two weighting coefficients, a>b is maintained and the weighting coefficient a is increased and the weighting coefficient b is decreased. When b>a is initialized in step (a), b>a is maintained and the weighting coefficient b is increased and the weighting coefficient a is decreased in the process of adjusting the two weighting coefficients.

[0043] It is worth noting that when the weighting coefficient is adjusted more than the set number of times or reaches a specific ratio, if the weighted result on the second-type range gate still does not match the spatiotemporal consistency model of the wind profile at the current time step, the radial velocity data of the second-type range gate at the current time step will be set to an invalid value. This situation may occur when the radial velocity data of a certain system is subject to external interference, causing the radial velocity data to be distorted, resulting in large data errors.

[0044] (d) When the weighted result on the second-type range gate matches the spatiotemporal consistency model of the wind profile at the current time step, the weighted result on the second-type range gate is used as the fused radial velocity data of the second-type range gate at the current time step.

[0045] (2) The echo intensity of the microwave radial velocity data on the second type range gate meets the corresponding microwave intensity requirement, and the echo intensity of the optical radial velocity data on the second type range gate meets the corresponding optical intensity requirement.

[0046] In this case, a set of radial velocity data on the second-type range gate that has a higher degree of matching with the spatiotemporal consistency model of the wind profile at the current time step is directly used as the fused radial velocity data on the second-type range gate. Any set of radial velocity data, which is consistent with the second type of range gate At the current time step The difference between the reference radial velocity data and the radial velocity data of the second type range gate The smaller the average value of the difference of the fused radial velocity data in the previous time step is, the higher the degree of match between this set of radial velocity data and the spatiotemporal consistency model of the wind profile is.

[0047] (3) Under certain special weather conditions, some altitude layers in the atmosphere may be extremely dry, cold, and have low aerosol content. At this time, the detection effects of the microwave system and the optical system will decrease at the same time, which may cause the echo intensity of the microwave radial velocity data on the second-type range gate to fail to meet the corresponding microwave intensity requirements, and the echo intensity of the optical radial velocity data on the second-type range gate to fail to meet the corresponding optical intensity requirements. In this case, the radial velocity data of the second-type range gate at the current time step is set to an invalid value.

[0048] It should be noted that when a second-class range gate is set at any time step When the radial velocity data is set to an invalid value, the second type of range gate is There is no corresponding fused radial velocity data, then at the next time step Need to use time step When calculating the fused radial velocity data, the second type of range gate is directly used in the time step If there is no time step When fusing radial velocity data, continue to traverse forward in time order.

[0049] Step 5: Integrate the fused radial velocity data on each first-class range gate and the fused radial velocity data on each second-class range gate, and obtain the fused wind direction result on each range gate according to the fused radial velocity data on the range gate, and obtain the wind profile detection result of the current time step including the fused radial velocity data and fused wind direction results of all range gates at the current time step. Then enter the data fusion processing of the next time step.

[0050] Based on the design concept of the wind profile detection system of this application, the wind profile detection system actually has a variety of structural designs and implementation forms, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure: The specific integration structure of the two subsystems is related to the equipment scale of the two subsystems. Generally speaking, the equipment size of the microwave antenna array 1 in the wind profile radar subsystem is much larger than the size of the optical lens 2 in the laser radar subsystem. Therefore, the conventional method of integrating the laser probe in the center of the microwave antenna array 1 is to reserve a suitable size for the optical lens 2 directly in the middle of the microwave antenna array 1, and integrate the antenna cover of the microwave antenna array 1 with the lens cover of the optical lens 2 to ensure that the electronic scanning center of the wind profile radar subsystem coincides with the optical detection center of the laser radar subsystem. Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated design of the microwave antenna array 1 and the optical lens 2 of the large microwave system is shown.

[0051] For a wind profiler radar subsystem with a continuous wave system, a small size and a split antenna structure, the microwave antenna array 1 of the wind profiler radar subsystem includes a transmitting antenna array 11 and a receiving antenna array 12. Figure 4 As shown, in this case, the laser probe including the optical lens 2 is integrated between the transmitting antenna array 11 and the receiving antenna array 12.

[0052] Regardless of the use Figure 3 The integrated antenna structure still adopts Figure 4 In order to improve the equipment integration of the entire wind profile detection system, the entire wind profile detection system includes a workbench 6, and the microwave antenna array 1 and the laser probe are arranged on the table of the workbench 6. Figure 3 The structure diagram of the wind profile detection system of the antenna structure shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown, Figure 4 The structure diagram of the wind profile detection system of the antenna structure shown in FIG. Figure 6 The optical lens 2 and the microwave antenna array 1 are both exposed to the air area relative to the workbench 6, and an integrated cabinet 7 is fixed under the workbench 6, and other circuit modules are arranged in the integrated cabinet 7.

[0053] Please refer to Figure 7 The circuit structure layout diagram of the integrated cabinet 7 shown in the figure is mainly based on the position of the laser radar subsystem. Since the optical lens 2 is installed on the optical servo 3, the position of the optical servo 3 can be determined after the position of the optical lens 2 is determined. The optical servo 3 is directly connected to the optical transceiver module below, and the optical transceiver module includes structures such as a laser 8 and a telescope 9. In order to ensure the reliability and cleanliness of the optical device, the internal space of the integrated cabinet 7 is divided into a first compartment and a second compartment by a partition 10. The optical transceiver module is arranged in the first compartment, and the microwave transceiver module and the integrated processing subsystem are arranged in the second compartment, so that the optical device is isolated from other environments in the integrated cabinet 7. The microwave transceiver module mainly includes a transmitter 15 and a frequency synthesizer receiver 16. The transmitter 15 and the frequency synthesizer receiver 16 are installed around the first compartment. This can ensure the distribution of the two transceiver modules on the one hand, and the scattering of the microwave device on the other hand.

[0054] In addition, regardless of the Figure 3 The integrated antenna structure still adopts Figure 4 The optical servo 3 in the laser probe adopts a wedge-shaped servo, and the optical lens 2 is mounted and rotated on the wedge-shaped servo 3. The wedge-shaped servo is adopted instead of a servo turntable, so that the servo turntable is located on the microwave antenna array surface 1 to avoid affecting the microwave antenna array surface 1.

[0055] In order to reduce interference, in one embodiment, an electromagnetic shielding net 13 is arranged around the microwave antenna array 1. During the design, the scanning angle of the laser detection beam and the structure of the electromagnetic shielding net 13 must also be matched to ensure that the electromagnetic shielding net 13 does not block the laser detection signal.

[0056] In order to improve reliability, in one embodiment, a wiper assembly 14 is also provided on the lens cover of the optical lens. Figure 6 As shown. The wiper assembly can be controlled by the integrated processor subsystem or manually controlled separately. The wiper assembly can clean the lens cover of the optical lens during the use of the system to ensure the effectiveness and accuracy of optical detection.

[0057] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and the present application is not limited to the above embodiments. It is understood that other improvements and changes directly derived or associated by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and concept of the present application should be considered to be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A microwave and optical combined wind profile detection system, characterized in that: The wind profile detection system includes a comprehensive processing subsystem, a wind profile radar subsystem and a laser radar subsystem. The wind profile radar subsystem includes a microwave transceiver module and a microwave antenna array surface connected and controlled thereto. The laser radar subsystem includes an optical transceiver module and a laser probe connected and controlled thereto. The laser probe is integrated at the center of the microwave antenna array surface so that the electronic scanning center of the wind profile radar subsystem coincides with the optical detection center of the laser radar subsystem. The integrated processing subsystem is connected to the microwave transceiver module and the optical transceiver module; The wind profile detection method performed by the comprehensive processing subsystem includes: Controlling the microwave transceiver module and the optical transceiver module to perform synchronous transceiver and receive, and at each time step, receiving the microwave radial velocity data on each range gate acquired by the wind profile radar subsystem from the microwave transceiver module, and receiving the optical radial velocity data on each range gate acquired by the laser radar subsystem from the optical transceiver module, and performing spatiotemporal alignment processing on the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data; performing arithmetic averaging on the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data on each first-category range gate to obtain fused radial velocity data on the first-category range gate; The wind speed data model of the current time step is obtained by fitting the fused radial velocity data on each first-class range gate and the spatiotemporal consistency parameter of the current time step is calculated to obtain the spatiotemporal consistency model of the wind profile of the current time step. The wind speed data model of the current time step indicates the data variation characteristics of the reference radial velocity data of the current time step as the height of the range gate changes; Based on the spatiotemporal consistency model of the wind profile at the current time step, the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data at each second-class range gate are fused to obtain the fused radial velocity data at each second-class range gate. The fused radial velocity data on each first-class range gate and the fused radial velocity data on each second-class range gate are integrated, and the fused wind speed and direction result on the range gate is obtained according to the fused radial velocity data on each range gate, so as to obtain the wind profile detection result of the current time step including the fused radial velocity data and the fused wind speed and direction results of all the range gates at the current time step; Wherein, each group of radial velocity data on each range gate includes the radial velocity of the detection beam at the current range gate decomposed into a horizontal radial velocity u and a vertical radial velocity v in the horizontal and vertical directions; for any range gate, when the error between the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data on the range gate does not exceed the error threshold, it is determined that the range gate belongs to the first type of range gate, otherwise, it is determined that the range gate belongs to the second type of range gate.

2. The wind profile detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spatiotemporal consistency parameters calculated to obtain the current time step include: The reference radial velocity data of each range gate is determined according to the wind speed data model. The reference radial velocity data of each range gate includes the reference results of the horizontal radial velocity and the reference results of the vertical radial velocity. According to the formula Calculate the current time step The spatial consistency parameter of is the current time step The spatial consistency parameter of the horizontal radial velocity, is the current time step The spatial consistency parameter of the vertical radial velocity, is the number of all range gates; The distance from low to high The range gate is at the current time step The horizontal radial velocity in the reference radial velocity data, The distance from low to high The range gate is at the current time step The vertical radial velocity in the reference radial velocity data; The distance from low to high The range gate is at the current time step The horizontal radial velocity in the reference radial velocity data, The distance from low to high The range gate is at the current time step The vertical radial velocity in the reference radial velocity data is is an integer parameter; For any distance from low to high Range gates, according to Calculate the above The range gate is at the current time step The time consistency parameter of It is The range gate is at the current time step The time consistency parameter of the horizontal radial velocity, It is The range gate is at the current time step Time consistency parameter of vertical radial velocity; It is The range gate is at the current time step The previous The horizontal radial velocity in the fused radial velocity data of time steps, It is The range gate is at the current time step The previous The vertical radial velocity in the fused radial velocity data of time steps; It is The range gate is at the current time step The previous The horizontal radial velocity in the fused radial velocity data of time steps, It is The range gate is at the current time step The previous The vertical radial velocity in the fused radial velocity data of time steps, integer parameter .

3. The wind profile detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data at each second-class range gate are fused, including: When only one of the echo intensities of the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data on the second-type range gate meets the corresponding intensity requirement, weighted calculation is performed on the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data on the second-type range gate based on the spatiotemporal consistency model of the wind profile at the current time step to obtain the fused radial velocity data on the second-type range gate; When the echo intensity of the microwave radial velocity data and the echo intensity of the optical radial velocity data on the second type of range gate meet the corresponding intensity requirements respectively, a group of radial velocity data on the second type of range gate that has a higher degree of matching with the spatiotemporal consistency model of the wind profile at the current time step is directly used as the fused radial velocity data on the second type of range gate.

4. The wind profile detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The weighted calculation of microwave radial velocity data and optical radial velocity data on each second-class range gate is performed based on the spatiotemporal consistency model of the wind profile at the current time step, including: Determine the wind measurement system applicable to the weather conditions where the second type of range gate is located according to the echo intensity of the two types of radial velocity data on the second type of range gate, and initialize the weighting coefficient a of the microwave radial velocity data and the weighting coefficient b of the optical radial velocity data according to the wind measurement system applicable to the weather conditions where the second type of range gate is located, 0<a<1, 0<b<1, a+b=1; performing weighted calculation on the microwave radial velocity data and the optical radial velocity data on the second type of range gate according to the weighting coefficient to obtain a weighted result on the second type of range gate; When the weighted result on the second type of range gate does not match the spatiotemporal consistency model of the wind profile at the current time step, the weighting coefficient a of the microwave radial velocity data and the weighting coefficient b of the optical radial velocity data are adjusted and the weighted result is recalculated; When the weighted result on the second type of range gate matches the spatiotemporal consistency model of the wind profile at the current time step, the weighted result on the second type of range gate is used as the fused radial velocity data on the second type of range gate.

5. The wind profile detection system according to claim 4, characterized in that: Initializing the weighting coefficient a of the microwave radial velocity data and the weighting coefficient b of the optical radial velocity data according to the wind measurement system applicable to the weather conditions of the second type of range gate, including: When the echo intensity of the microwave radial velocity data on the second type of range gate meets the corresponding microwave intensity requirement, and the echo intensity of the optical radial velocity data on the second type of range gate does not meet the corresponding optical intensity requirement, it is determined that the wind measurement system applicable to the weather conditions where the second type of range gate is located is the microwave wind measurement system, initializing a>b and maintaining a>b in the process of adjusting the two weighting coefficients, increasing the weighting coefficient a and decreasing the weighting coefficient b; When the echo intensity of the optical radial velocity data on the second type of range gate meets the corresponding optical intensity requirement, and the echo intensity of the microwave radial velocity data on the second type of range gate does not meet the corresponding microwave intensity requirement, when it is determined that the wind measurement system applicable to the weather conditions in which the second type of range gate is located is the optical wind measurement system, b>a is initialized and b>a is maintained during the process of adjusting the two weighting coefficients, and the weighting coefficient b is increased and the weighting coefficient a is decreased.

6. The wind profile detection system according to claim 4, characterized in that: Check whether the weighted result on the second-class range gate matches the spatiotemporal consistency model of the wind profile at the current time step, including for any second-class range gate : When it is detected that and When the weighted result on the second type of range gate matches the wind profile spatiotemporal consistency model, it is determined that the weighted result on the second type of range gate does not match the wind profile spatiotemporal consistency model; otherwise, it is determined that the weighted result on the second type of range gate does not match the wind profile spatiotemporal consistency model; in, It is the second type of range gate At the current time step The weighted result of the horizontal radial velocity is It is the second type of range gate At the current time step The weighted result of the vertical velocity; It is the second type of distance gate determined by the wind speed data model at the current time step. At the current time step The reference result of the horizontal radial velocity is It is the second type of distance gate determined by the wind speed data model at the current time step. At the current time step Reference results of vertical velocity; It is the second type of range gate In the previous time step The horizontal radial velocity in the fused radial velocity data is It is the second type of range gate In the previous time step The vertical radial velocity in the fused radial velocity data.

7. The wind profile detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser probe comprises an optical lens and a wedge-shaped servo, and the optical lens is mounted on the wedge-shaped servo for rotation.

8. The wind profile detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind profile detection system includes a workbench, the microwave antenna array and the laser probe are arranged on the surface of the workbench, an integrated cabinet is fixed under the surface of the workbench, the internal space of the integrated cabinet is divided into a first compartment and a second compartment by a partition, the optical transceiver module is arranged in the first compartment, and the microwave transceiver module and the integrated processing subsystem are arranged in the second compartment.

9. The wind profile detection system according to claim 7, characterized in that: An electromagnetic shielding net is arranged around the microwave antenna array surface, and a wiper assembly is arranged on the lens cover of the optical lens.

10. The wind profile detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the wind profile radar subsystem adopts a split antenna structure, the microwave antenna array of the wind profile radar subsystem includes a transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna array, and the laser probe is integrated between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array.

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