A method for arranging a hydrogen safety exhaust system in a confined space

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for arranging a safe hydrogen exhaust system in a confined space, comprising the following steps: S1: conducting a hydrogen leakage and diffusion test on hydrogen-related equipment in the confined space to obtain hydrogen leakage and diffusion characteristics; S2: establishing a three-dimensional data model of the hydrogen-related equipment in the confined space and performing simulation analysis on the hydrogen leakage and diffusion of the hydrogen-related equipment in the confined space; S3: extracting the characteristic values ​​of the active and passive ventilation devices for hydrogen leakage; S4: based on the simulation model constructed in S2 and combined with the characteristic values ​​extracted in S3, performing a fluid dynamics simulation of the exhaust system under different topological characteristic values ​​and air volume characteristic values; S5: using the Kriging algorithm to construct a proxy model of the residual hydrogen concentration Q and characteristic values ​​in the confined space; S6: optimizing the proxy model based on the particle swarm algorithm to determine the optimal exhaust system layout method. Compared with the existing technology, in the event of a hydrogen leakage accident, the hydrogen in the box can be quickly and completely discharged, reducing or even eliminating the accident hazards, and contributing to the safety improvement and large-scale application of hydrogen utilization systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen safety technology, and in particular to a method for arranging a hydrogen safety exhaust system in a confined space. Background Art

[0002] The operation of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces involves the production, storage and utilization of hydrogen, and abnormal operating conditions such as power failure of the electrolyzer power supply system, excessively high or low voltage, large power fluctuations, and hydrogen / oxygen leakage in the system may affect the safety and stability of the system. In particular, hydrogen leakage is the most dangerous accident in hydrogen-related systems, and all hydrogen-related systems must prevent and avoid it.

[0003] In confined spaces, hydrogen leaks spread quickly to form a flammable cloud, increasing the probability of explosions caused by sparks in electrical systems and making rapid safety measures difficult to implement. A confined space hydrogen safety exhaust system can quickly remove leaked hydrogen in the event of a leak, ensuring safe operation of the system. Existing exhaust systems are unable to quickly and completely remove hydrogen from the enclosure.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to study a layout plan for hydrogen safety exhaust system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art and provide a method for arranging a hydrogen safety exhaust system in a confined space. In the event of a hydrogen leakage accident, the hydrogen in the box can be quickly and completely discharged, reducing or even eliminating the hazards of the accident, which is conducive to improving the safety and large-scale application of the hydrogen utilization system.

[0006] The present invention provides a method for arranging a hydrogen safety exhaust system in a confined space, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Conduct hydrogen leakage and diffusion tests on hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces to obtain hydrogen leakage and diffusion characteristics;

[0008] S2: Establish a three-dimensional data model of confined space hydrogen-related equipment and simulate and analyze the hydrogen leakage and diffusion of confined space hydrogen-related equipment. Combined with the experimental results in S1, verify the accuracy of the model. When the simulation accuracy is ≥80%, analyze the hydrogen leakage and diffusion law.

[0009] S3: Extract the characteristic values ​​of the active and passive ventilation devices for hydrogen leakage; the active ventilation device for hydrogen leakage is the exhaust fan, and its characteristic values ​​include the area, position, and wind speed of the exhaust port, which are set as x, y, and z respectively; the passive ventilation device is the ventilation grille and the top wind ball, and its characteristic values ​​include the area, position, and ventilation rate of the ventilation grille, u, v, and w, and the area, position, and wind speed of the top wind ball, which are set as i, j, and k respectively;

[0010] S4: Based on the simulation model constructed in S2 and combined with the eigenvalues ​​extracted in S3, the fluid dynamics simulation of the exhaust system under different topological eigenvalues ​​and air volume eigenvalues ​​is carried out to obtain the residual hydrogen concentration Q in the confined space after exhaust under different eigenvalues. i .

[0011] S5: Call the Kriging algorithm to construct a proxy model of the remaining hydrogen concentration Q and eigenvalues ​​in the confined space, Q = f(x, y, z, u, ,w, i, j, k);

[0012] S6: Based on the particle swarm algorithm to optimize the agent model, determine the optimal exhaust system layout method and conduct experimental verification.

[0013] Furthermore, in S1, the hydrogen leakage and diffusion test of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces to obtain hydrogen leakage and diffusion laws specifically includes the following steps:

[0014] S11: Analyze relevant standards, specifications and safety accident information of typical hydrogen-related systems and equipment, clarify the failure modes and failure logic chains of hydrogen-related systems, and obtain the specific location and name of hazardous sources;

[0015] S12: Based on the location and name of the hazard source, set the hydrogen leakage point. If the leakage is small, densely arrange hydrogen concentration sensors around the leakage point to measure the gas concentration distribution in the near field, and evenly arrange hydrogen concentration sensors on the ceiling to record the hydrogen concentration distribution in the far field.

[0016] Furthermore, in S11, the identification of hazardous sources of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces specifically includes the following steps:

[0017] In-depth analysis of the routine operating characteristics of confined space hydrogen-related equipment, research on the structural degradation and failure behavior of the core components of the system's hydrogen-related equipment and possible accident consequences; explanation of the accident risks and hazards of the entire process and all working conditions of the system, and identification of the system's hazardous sources through fault type and impact analysis FMEA, and classification of risk levels.

[0018] Furthermore, in S1, the hydrogen leakage and diffusion test focuses on studying the diffusion and accumulation process of hydrogen in a confined space after an accidental leakage of hydrogen-related equipment in the system, and specifically includes the following processes:

[0019] A gas path module was set up at the possible leakage location. When the system simulated a small leak, hydrogen concentration sensors were densely arranged around the leakage point to measure the gas concentration distribution in the near field, named A10 to A15 respectively. Hydrogen concentration sensors were also evenly arranged on the ceiling to record the hydrogen concentration distribution in the far field.

[0020] Furthermore, the distance between adjacent hydrogen concentration sensors is 70 cm and the distance from the top is 40 cm. They are named A1 to A9 respectively. When installing the hydrogen concentration sensors, it is necessary to ensure that the tops of all sensors are flush with the installation surface to minimize the impact of the sensors themselves on the flow field and concentration field and improve the measurement accuracy.

[0021] Furthermore, in S2, the three-dimensional data model is a three-dimensional fluid dynamics model;

[0022] The simulation analysis of hydrogen leakage and diffusion of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces includes the following process:

[0023] A fluid dynamics model of hydrogen leakage and diffusion in confined space hydrogen-related equipment is established, and the identified hydrogen leakage points are set as leakage sources. The leakage scale includes small leakage, medium leakage and large leakage. Hydrogen leakage monitoring points are set according to the hydrogen concentration sensor layout method, and fluid dynamics simulation is carried out to obtain the hydrogen concentration characteristics of different monitoring points; combined with the test data of S1, when the accuracy of hydrogen concentration prediction is ≥80%, the established simulation model is valid, and the hydrogen leakage diffusion law is analyzed to obtain the simulation results of the spatiotemporal evolution law of hydrogen leakage diffusion and key influencing factors; if the hydrogen concentration prediction accuracy is less than 80%, the simulation analysis is repeated.

[0024] Furthermore, the small leakage is 1% of the flow area, the medium leakage is 10% of the flow area, and the large leakage is 100% of the flow area.

[0025] Furthermore, in S2, a three-dimensional data model of confined space hydrogen-related equipment is established, and the three-dimensional data model is a three-dimensional fluid dynamics model, and the hydrogen leakage and diffusion of the confined space hydrogen-related equipment is simulated and analyzed to obtain the hydrogen leakage and diffusion characteristics; based on the actual spatial layout of the system, a confined space geometric model of the confined space hydrogen-related equipment components and prefabricated cabin-type system is constructed through three-dimensional modeling software to prepare for subsequent fluid dynamics simulation; the geometric model includes: a hydrogen separation device, a fuel cell, a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, a metal hydrogen storage device, and a purification device.

[0026] Furthermore, in S5, the construction of the exhaust system combined proxy model specifically includes the following process: calling the Kriging algorithm to construct a proxy model of the remaining hydrogen concentration Q and the characteristic value in the confined space, Q = f(x, y, z, u, w, i, j, k).

[0027] Furthermore, in S6, the specific process of determining the optimal exhaust system layout method based on the particle swarm algorithm optimization agent model is as follows: first, the population is initialized; the difference between the predicted value of Q and the actual value of the experiment is calculated through the layout position of the sensor, and the fitness of each particle is calculated to find the current individual extreme value of each particle and the current global optimal position of the entire particle swarm; then the position and speed of each particle are updated. When the difference between the two optimized value positions is less than 0.1m and the number of calculated stagnations is less than 5, an iteration ends. When the set maximum number of iterations is reached, the optimization ends and the results are output, and then the optimization results are experimentally verified.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0029] The present invention arranges a safe hydrogen exhaust system for confined spaces, uses a fluid dynamics simulation method, and combines the characteristic values ​​of the main and passive ventilation devices for hydrogen leakage to construct a three-dimensional fluid dynamics numerical simulation technology for hydrogen leakage and diffusion under multi-obstacle conditions in confined spaces, revealing the multi-scenario, full-process, and multi-working condition hydrogen leakage diffusion characteristics and spatiotemporal evolution laws, and establishes a combined proxy model of the exhaust system based on the analysis results combined with the Kriging algorithm; then, the particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the proxy model, determine the layout scheme of the hydrogen concentration sensor, and realize rapid exhaust in the event of hydrogen leakage in confined spaces, which will contribute to further improvement of the safety of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces and large-scale application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the method for arranging a hydrogen safety exhaust system for a confined space according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a risk level diagram of hazardous sources of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a structural importance diagram of the confined space hydrogen-related equipment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 A three-dimensional model diagram of the confined space hydrogen-related equipment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of hydrogen sensors in the experiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a simulation model diagram of hydrogen leakage and diffusion flow dynamics of hydrogen-related equipment in confined space of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the temporal and spatial evolution of hydrogen after a medium-sized leak occurs in the hydrogen separation device of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 A roadmap for the combined agent model of the optimized exhaust system of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a layout diagram of the exhaust system after optimization of the present invention.

[0039] Reference numerals: 1-hydrogen separation device, 2-fuel cell, 3-purification device, 4-metal hydrogen storage device, 5-water electrolysis hydrogen production device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Component models, material names, connection structures, control methods, algorithms, and other features not explicitly described in this technical solution are considered common technical features disclosed in the prior art.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] This embodiment provides a method for arranging a hydrogen safety exhaust system in a confined space. Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0043] S1: Conduct hydrogen leakage and diffusion tests on hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces to obtain hydrogen leakage and diffusion characteristics;

[0044] S2: Establish a three-dimensional data model of confined space hydrogen-related equipment and simulate and analyze the hydrogen leakage and diffusion of confined space hydrogen-related equipment. Combined with the experimental results in S1, verify the accuracy of the model. When the simulation accuracy is ≥80%, analyze the hydrogen leakage and diffusion law.

[0045] S3: Extract the characteristic values ​​of the active and passive ventilation devices for hydrogen leakage; the active ventilation device for hydrogen leakage is the exhaust fan, and its characteristic values ​​include the area, position, and wind speed of the exhaust port, which are set as x, y, and z respectively; the passive ventilation device is the ventilation grille and the top wind ball, and its characteristic values ​​include the area, position, and ventilation rate of the ventilation grille, u, v, and w, and the area, position, and wind speed of the top wind ball, which are set as i, j, and k respectively;

[0046] S4: Based on the simulation model constructed in S2 and combined with the eigenvalues ​​extracted in S3, the fluid dynamics simulation of the exhaust system under different topological eigenvalues ​​and air volume eigenvalues ​​is performed, such as Figure 6 As shown, the residual hydrogen concentration Q in the confined space after exhaust under different characteristic values ​​is obtained. i ; Analyze the leakage and diffusion characteristics of hydrogen under different exhaust devices, obtain the temporal and spatial evolution law of hydrogen leakage and diffusion and the key influencing factors, and obtain the hydrogen concentration Q in the confined space after exhaust. 15 seconds after the medium-sized leak in the hydrogen separation device, exhaust begins, and most of the hydrogen is discharged from the box through the exhaust fan. After 15 seconds, a small amount of hydrogen still remains in the box. The hydrogen concentration in the box is Q1, such as Figure 7 shown.

[0047] S5: Call the Kriging algorithm to construct a proxy model of the remaining hydrogen concentration Q and eigenvalues ​​in the confined space, Q = f(x, y, z, u, ,w, i, j, k);

[0048] S6: Based on the particle swarm algorithm to optimize the agent model, determine the optimal exhaust system layout method and conduct experimental verification.

[0049] Furthermore, in S1, the hydrogen leakage and diffusion test of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces to obtain hydrogen leakage and diffusion laws specifically includes the following steps:

[0050] S11: Analyze relevant standards, specifications and safety accident information of typical hydrogen-related systems and equipment, and clarify the failure modes and failure logic chains of hydrogen-related systems, such as Figure 2 As shown, obtain the specific location and name information of the hazard source;

[0051] S12: Based on the location and name of the hazard source, set the hydrogen leakage point. If the leakage is small, densely arrange hydrogen concentration sensors around the leakage point to measure the gas concentration distribution in the near field, and evenly arrange hydrogen concentration sensors on the ceiling to record the hydrogen concentration distribution in the far field.

[0052] Furthermore, in S11, the identification of hazardous sources of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces specifically includes the following steps:

[0053] In-depth analysis of the conventional operating characteristics of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces, research on the structural degradation and failure behavior of the core components of the hydrogen-related equipment and possible accident consequences; explain the accident risks and hazards of the entire process and working conditions of the system, identify the system's hazardous sources through fault type and impact analysis FMEA, and divide the risk levels. Figure 3 shown.

[0054] Furthermore, in S1, the hydrogen leakage and diffusion test focuses on studying the diffusion and accumulation process of hydrogen in a confined space after an accidental leakage of hydrogen-related equipment in the system, and specifically includes the following processes:

[0055] Set up a gas path module at the possible leakage location. When the simulation system is a small leak, densely arrange hydrogen concentration sensors around the leakage point to measure the gas concentration distribution in the near field. They are named A10 to A15, such as Figure 6 As shown, hydrogen concentration sensors are evenly arranged on the ceiling to record the hydrogen concentration distribution in the far field.

[0056] Furthermore, the distance between adjacent hydrogen concentration sensors is 70 cm and 40 cm from the top, and they are named A1 to A9 respectively. Figure 5When installing hydrogen concentration sensors, ensure that the tops of all sensors are flush with the mounting surface to minimize the impact of the sensors on the flow and concentration fields and improve measurement accuracy.

[0057] Furthermore, in S2, the three-dimensional data model is a three-dimensional fluid dynamics model;

[0058] The simulation analysis of hydrogen leakage and diffusion of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces includes the following process:

[0059] A fluid dynamics model of hydrogen leakage and diffusion in confined space hydrogen-related equipment is established, and the identified hydrogen leakage points are set as leakage sources. The leakage scale includes small leakage, medium leakage and large leakage. Hydrogen leakage monitoring points are set according to the hydrogen concentration sensor layout method, and fluid dynamics simulation is carried out to obtain the hydrogen concentration characteristics of different monitoring points; combined with the test data of S1, when the accuracy of hydrogen concentration prediction is ≥80%, the established simulation model is valid, and the hydrogen leakage diffusion law is analyzed to obtain the simulation results of the spatiotemporal evolution law of hydrogen leakage diffusion and key influencing factors; if the hydrogen concentration prediction accuracy is less than 80%, the simulation analysis is repeated.

[0060] Furthermore, the small leakage is 1% of the flow area, the medium leakage is 10% of the flow area, and the large leakage is 100% of the flow area.

[0061] Furthermore, in S2, a three-dimensional data model of confined space hydrogen-related equipment is established. The three-dimensional data model is a three-dimensional fluid dynamics model, and a simulation analysis of hydrogen leakage and diffusion of confined space hydrogen-related equipment is performed to obtain hydrogen leakage and diffusion characteristics; based on the actual spatial layout of the system, a confined space geometric model of the confined space hydrogen-related equipment components and prefabricated cabin type system is constructed through three-dimensional modeling software, such as Figure 4 As shown, it prepares for the subsequent fluid dynamics simulation; the geometric model includes: a hydrogen separation device 1, a fuel cell 2, a water electrolysis hydrogen production device 5, a metal hydrogen storage device 4, and a purification device 3.

[0062] Furthermore, in S5, the construction of the exhaust system combined proxy model specifically includes the following process: calling the Kriging algorithm to construct a proxy model of the remaining hydrogen concentration Q and the characteristic value in the confined space, Q = f(x, y, z, u, w, i, j, k).

[0063] Furthermore, in S6, Figure 8As shown in the figure, the specific process of determining the optimal exhaust system layout method based on the particle swarm algorithm optimization agent model is as follows: first, the population is initialized; the difference between the predicted value of Q and the actual value of the experiment is calculated through the layout position of the sensor, and the fitness of each particle is calculated to find the current individual extreme value of each particle and the current global optimal position of the entire particle swarm; then the position and speed of each particle are updated. When the difference between the two optimized value positions is less than 0.1m and the number of calculated stagnations is less than 5, an iteration ends. When the set maximum number of iterations is reached, the optimization ends and the results are output. The optimization results are then verified experimentally. Figure 9 The figure shows the optimized exhaust system layout plan.

[0064] Components not described in detail in this embodiment are all existing components that can be purchased through public channels.

[0065] The above description of the embodiments is intended to facilitate understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be apparent that those skilled in the art can readily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without requiring inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for arranging a hydrogen safety exhaust system in a confined space, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Conduct hydrogen leakage and diffusion tests on hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces to obtain hydrogen leakage and diffusion characteristics; S2: Establish a three-dimensional data model of confined space hydrogen-related equipment and simulate and analyze the hydrogen leakage and diffusion of confined space hydrogen-related equipment. Combined with the experimental results in S1, verify the accuracy of the model. When the simulation accuracy is ≥80%, analyze the hydrogen leakage and diffusion law. S3: Extract the characteristic values ​​of the active and passive ventilation devices for hydrogen leakage; the active ventilation device for hydrogen leakage is the exhaust fan, and its characteristic values ​​include the area, position, and wind speed of the exhaust port, which are set as x, y, and z respectively; the passive ventilation device is the ventilation grille and the top wind ball, and its characteristic values ​​include the area, position, and ventilation rate of the ventilation grille, u, v, and w, and the area, position, and wind speed of the top wind ball, which are set as i, j, and k respectively; S4: Based on the simulation model constructed in S2 and combined with the eigenvalues ​​extracted in S3, the fluid dynamics simulation of the exhaust system under different topological eigenvalues ​​and air volume eigenvalues ​​is carried out to obtain the residual hydrogen concentration Q in the confined space after exhaust under different eigenvalues. i ; S5: Call the Kriging algorithm to construct a proxy model of the remaining hydrogen concentration Q and eigenvalues ​​in the confined space, Q = f(x, y, z, u, v, w, i, j, k); S6: Based on the particle swarm algorithm to optimize the agent model, determine the optimal exhaust system layout method and conduct experimental verification.

2. The method for arranging a hydrogen safety exhaust system in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the hydrogen leakage and diffusion test of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces is conducted to obtain the hydrogen leakage and diffusion law, which specifically includes the following steps: S11: Analyze relevant standards, specifications and safety accident information of typical hydrogen-related systems and equipment, clarify the failure modes and failure logic chains of hydrogen-related systems, and obtain the specific location and name of hazardous sources; S12: Based on the location and name of the hazard source, set the hydrogen leakage point. If the leakage is small, densely arrange hydrogen concentration sensors around the leakage point to measure the gas concentration distribution in the near field, and evenly arrange hydrogen concentration sensors on the ceiling to record the hydrogen concentration distribution in the far field.

3. The method for arranging a hydrogen safety exhaust system in a confined space according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S11, the identification of hazardous sources of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces specifically includes the following steps: In-depth analysis of the routine operating characteristics of confined space hydrogen-related equipment, research on the structural degradation and failure behavior of the core components of the system's hydrogen-related equipment and possible accident consequences; explanation of the accident risks and hazards of the entire process and all working conditions of the system, and identification of the system's hazardous sources through fault type and impact analysis FMEA, and classification of risk levels.

4. The method for arranging a hydrogen safety exhaust system in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the hydrogen leakage and diffusion test focuses on studying the diffusion and accumulation process of hydrogen in a confined space after an accidental leakage of hydrogen-related equipment in the system, and specifically includes the following processes: A gas path module was set up at the possible leakage location. When the system simulated a small leak, hydrogen concentration sensors were densely arranged around the leakage point to measure the gas concentration distribution in the near field, named A10 to A15 respectively. Hydrogen concentration sensors were also evenly arranged on the ceiling to record the hydrogen concentration distribution in the far field.

5. The method for arranging a confined space hydrogen safety exhaust system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The distance between adjacent hydrogen concentration sensors is 70 cm and the distance from the top is 40 cm. They are named A1 to A9 respectively. When installing the hydrogen concentration sensors, the tops of all sensors are flush with the installation surface to reduce the influence of the sensors themselves on the flow field and concentration field and improve the measurement accuracy.

6. The method for arranging a hydrogen safety exhaust system in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the three-dimensional data model is a three-dimensional fluid dynamics model; The simulation analysis of hydrogen leakage and diffusion of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces includes the following process: A fluid dynamics model of hydrogen leakage and diffusion in confined space hydrogen-related equipment is established, and the identified hydrogen leakage points are set as leakage sources. The leakage scale includes small leakage, medium leakage and large leakage. Hydrogen leakage monitoring points are set according to the hydrogen concentration sensor layout method, and fluid dynamics simulation is carried out to obtain the hydrogen concentration characteristics of different monitoring points; combined with the test data of S1, when the accuracy of hydrogen concentration prediction is ≥80%, the established simulation model is valid, and the hydrogen leakage diffusion law is analyzed to obtain the simulation results of the spatiotemporal evolution law of hydrogen leakage diffusion and key influencing factors; if the hydrogen concentration prediction accuracy is less than 80%, the simulation analysis is repeated.

7. The method for arranging a hydrogen safety exhaust system in a confined space according to claim 6, characterized in that: The small leakage is 1% of the flow area, the medium leakage is 10% of the flow area, and the large leakage is 100% of the flow area.

8. The method for arranging a hydrogen safety exhaust system in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, a three-dimensional data model of confined space hydrogen-related equipment is established, and the three-dimensional data model is a three-dimensional fluid dynamics model. The hydrogen leakage and diffusion of the confined space hydrogen-related equipment is simulated and analyzed to obtain the hydrogen leakage and diffusion characteristics; based on the actual spatial layout of the system, a confined space geometric model of the confined space hydrogen-related equipment components and the prefabricated cabin type system is constructed through three-dimensional modeling software to prepare for the subsequent fluid dynamics simulation; the geometric model includes: a hydrogen separation device (1), a fuel cell (2), a water electrolysis hydrogen production device (5), a metal hydrogen storage device (4), and a purification device (3).

9. The method for arranging a hydrogen safety exhaust system in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the construction of the exhaust system combined proxy model specifically includes the following process: calling the Kriging algorithm to construct a proxy model of the residual hydrogen concentration Q and eigenvalue in the confined space, Q = f(x, y, z, u, v, w, i, j, k).

10. The method for arranging a hydrogen safety exhaust system in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S6, the specific process of determining the optimal exhaust system layout method based on the particle swarm algorithm optimization agent model is as follows: first, the population is initialized; the difference between the predicted value of Q and the actual value of the experiment is calculated based on the layout position of the sensor, and the fitness of each particle is calculated to find the current individual extreme value of each particle and the current global optimal position of the entire particle swarm; Then the position and velocity of each particle are updated. When the position difference between the two optimized values ​​is less than 0.1m and the number of calculation stagnation is less than 5, an iteration ends. When the set maximum number of iterations is reached, the optimization ends and the results are output. The optimization results are then verified experimentally.

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