Solid hydrogen pool system and hydrogen release control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of energy power, in particular to a solid hydrogen pool system and a hydrogen release control method. The system comprises a hydrogen storage module, a water supply module, a hydrogen conveying module and a temperature control module. The hydrogen storage module comprises a reaction tank and a plurality of solid hydrogen storage fuel units, the water supply module comprises a water storage tank and a water sprayer, the water sprayer is used for quantitatively spraying reaction water, the hydrogen conveying module comprises a buffer tank and is used for quantitatively storing released hydrogen, and the temperature control module comprises a cooling unit and a heating unit. The cooling unit is used for cooling a medium and circulating the medium into the reaction tank for heat exchange, and the heating unit is used for circulating a heat exchange medium to the water supply module. The reaction rate can be dynamically adjusted according to the requirements of the rear-end fuel cell system, and the hydrolysis reaction can be continuously carried out under the low-temperature condition, so that the requirements of the rear-end fuel cell system are reasonably controlled and matched.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy and power technology, in particular to a solid hydrogen pool system and a hydrogen release control method. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy is a renewable secondary energy source. Due to its large reserves in the universe, it is considered an important resource for solving the future energy crisis. With the continuous reduction of fossil energy and the continuous increase in pollution, hydrogen energy is known as a clean and good carrier that can replace traditional energy. Its products in the energy conversion process are pollution-free, highly environmentally friendly, and have high energy conversion efficiency. Especially in the fields of transportation and power generation and energy storage, as a substitute for traditional fossil energy, it provides a steady stream of electricity and heat energy for the transportation and thermal power fields, making hydrogen energy play a key social role. However, due to the low density of hydrogen at room temperature and pressure, the high energy consumption of pressurized storage of hydrogen, and the high cost of long-distance transportation, the technological development of hydrogen energy has been seriously affected. The solid-state hydrogen storage technology route based on alloy materials can achieve storage at room temperature and pressure, hydrogen storage leakage and sealing without such risks. Therefore, the development of new quick-change hydrogen storage devices and the improvement of hydrogen storage and transportation energy density are key links in the development of hydrogen energy.

[0003] The existing research and development technology route of solid-state hydrogen storage materials has gradually matured, and the hydrogen storage density per unit mass has reached about 25%, which has made a great contribution to the solution of hydrogen storage and transportation problems. However, the release of hydrogen inside the solid-state hydrogen pool system and the technology that matches the on-board conditions of high-power commercial vehicles based on hydrogen fuel cell systems are still difficult to solve. How to reasonably control the hydrogen release rate of the solid-state hydrogen pool system through technical means, realize the convenient replacement of solid-state hydrogen storage material modules, and increase the hydrogen storage density while reducing the cost of hydrogen storage and transportation are key technical issues that the industry needs to solve. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a solid-state hydrogen pool system and a hydrogen release control method to solve the problem in the prior art that the hydrogen release efficiency of the solid-state hydrogen pool system cannot be reasonably controlled to match the requirements of the back-end fuel cell system.

[0005] The present invention discloses a solid-state hydrogen pool system, comprising: A hydrogen storage module, comprising a reaction pool and a plurality of solid hydrogen storage fuel units arranged in the reaction pool; A water supply module, comprising a water tank and a water sprayer, wherein the water tank, the water sprayer and the reaction pool are connected in sequence, and the water sprayer is used to quantitatively spray reaction water into each of the solid hydrogen storage fuel units; A hydrogen transport module, comprising a buffer tank connected to the reaction pool, the buffer tank being used to quantitatively store the hydrogen released by each of the solid hydrogen storage fuel units, and a pressure sensor being provided at the outlet of the buffer tank; The temperature control module includes a cooling unit and a heating unit. The cooling unit is connected to the reaction pool and is used to cool the medium and circulate it into the reaction pool for heat exchange. The heating unit is arranged adjacent to the water supply module and is connected to the reaction pool and is used to circulate the heat exchange medium to the water supply module. The reaction pool is provided with a first temperature sensor corresponding to the outflowing medium, and the reaction pool is provided with a second temperature sensor corresponding to the inflowing medium.

[0006] Optionally, the water supply module also includes a water supply pipeline, a first water pump and a first filter. The water tank, the first filter, the first water pump, the sprinkler, and the reaction water inlet of the reaction pool are connected in sequence through the water supply pipeline. The water tank is respectively provided with a first liquid level sensor and a third temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor is linked to the heating unit.

[0007] Optionally, the solid-state hydrogen pool system also includes a purge module, the purge module includes a first purge unit, the first purge unit includes a nitrogen tank, a first nitrogen supply pipeline and a first nitrogen exhaust pipeline, the nitrogen tank is connected to the reaction pool through the first nitrogen supply pipeline, and the first nitrogen supply pipeline is provided with a first switch valve, the first nitrogen exhaust pipeline is provided on the reaction pool, and the first nitrogen exhaust pipeline is provided with a second switch valve.

[0008] Optionally, the purge module also includes a second purge unit, the second purge unit includes a second nitrogen supply pipeline and a second nitrogen exhaust pipeline, one end of the second nitrogen supply pipeline is connected to the nitrogen tank, and the other end of the second nitrogen supply pipeline is located between the water storage tank and the first filter and connected to the water supply pipeline, a third switch valve is provided on the second nitrogen supply pipeline, one end of the second nitrogen exhaust pipeline is located between the first water pump and the sprinkler and connected to the water supply pipeline, and the other end of the second nitrogen exhaust pipeline is connected to the water storage tank, and a fourth switch valve is provided on the second nitrogen exhaust pipeline.

[0009] Optionally, the heating unit includes a first medium circulation pipeline and a preheater, the preheater is arranged along the water supply pipeline, and a medium flow channel is arranged in the preheater, a plate heat exchanger is arranged on the inner wall of the reaction tank, and the medium outlet of the plate heat exchanger, the medium inlet of the preheater, the medium outlet of the preheater, and the medium inlet of the plate heat exchanger are connected in sequence through the first medium circulation pipeline.

[0010] Optionally, a first control water valve is provided on the first medium circulation pipe between the medium outlet of the plate heat exchanger and the medium inlet of the preheater, and a second control water valve is provided on the first medium circulation pipe between the medium outlet of the preheater and the medium inlet of the plate heat exchanger.

[0011] Optionally, the cooling unit includes a second medium circulation pipeline, a second water pump, a radiator and a second filter, and the medium outlet of the plate heat exchanger, the second water pump, the radiator, the second filter, and the medium inlet of the plate heat exchanger are connected in sequence through the second medium circulation pipeline.

[0012] Optionally, the cooling unit also includes a medium compensation tank, and a second liquid level sensor arranged in the medium compensation tank, a medium compensation pipeline is arranged on the medium compensation tank, and the other end of the medium compensation pipeline is located between the medium outlet of the plate heat exchanger and the second water pump and connected to the second medium circulation pipeline, and a medium recovery pipeline is arranged on the medium compensation tank, and the other end of the medium recovery pipeline is located between the second filter and the medium inlet of the plate heat exchanger and connected to the second medium circulation pipeline.

[0013] Optionally, the hydrogen transmission module also includes a hydrogen transmission pipeline, a third filter, a one-way valve, a safety valve and a shut-off valve. The hydrogen outlet of the reaction cell, the third filter, the one-way valve, the buffer tank, the safety valve, and the shut-off valve are connected in sequence through the hydrogen transmission pipeline, and the hydrogen transmission pipeline is used to connect to the back-end fuel cell system.

[0014] The present invention also discloses a hydrogen release control method, which uses the above-mentioned solid hydrogen pool system and comprises: Monitoring and obtaining the downtime of the reaction pool, determining whether the downtime of the reaction pool meets a first preset condition, and controlling whether nitrogen replacement is performed in the reaction pool according to the determination result; If the nitrogen replacement in the reaction pool is completed, or it is determined that the downtime of the reaction pool meets the first preset condition, the temperature in the water storage tank is monitored and obtained, and it is determined whether the temperature in the water storage tank meets the second preset condition, and the heating unit is controlled to preheat the water supply module at a low temperature according to the determination result; If the heating unit is controlled to preheat the water supply module at a low temperature, or if it is determined that the temperature in the water storage tank meets a second preset condition, the solid-state hydrogen pool system is controlled to start; In response to the start-up of the solid-state hydrogen pool system, dynamically adjusting the opening of the water sprinkler according to the pressure data obtained by the pressure sensor, and dynamically adjusting the cooling degree of the cooling unit according to the temperature data obtained by the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor; In response to the load reduction and shutdown of the solid-state hydrogen pool system, the temperature in the water storage tank is monitored and obtained, and it is determined whether the temperature in the water storage tank meets a second preset condition, and whether nitrogen purge is performed in the water supply module according to the determination result; If the nitrogen purge in the water supply module is completed, or it is determined that the temperature in the water storage tank meets the second preset condition, the solid-state hydrogen pool system is controlled to shut down.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the solid-state hydrogen pool system and hydrogen release control method provided by the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: The solid-state hydrogen pool system composed of a hydrogen storage module, a water supply module, a hydrogen transmission module, and a temperature control module provides hydrogen release fuel for the entire system by multiple independently reacting solid-state hydrogen storage fuel units, and the water supply module provides the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel unit with the amount of water required for the reaction, and the reaction water is quantitatively sprayed into each solid-state hydrogen storage fuel unit using a water sprayer, so as to control the rate of hydrogen release reaction in each solid-state hydrogen storage fuel unit in the reaction pool, and the pressure change impact caused by the reaction can be weakened by the buffer tank, ensuring that the rear-end supply of hydrogen can be in a relatively stable pressure range, and the pressure of the hydrogen supply can be monitored in real time in combination with the setting of the pressure sensor, so as to adjust the reaction rate at any time, so as to dynamically adjust according to the needs of the rear-end fuel cell system. In addition, the cooling unit is used to take away the heat of continuous hydrogen release reaction, and the heating unit is used to provide a continuous reaction water supply at low temperatures in winter, which can ensure that the hydrolysis reaction can continue under low temperatures. Therefore, the solid-state hydrogen pool system of the present invention greatly improves the hydrogen storage density, meets the long cruising range requirements of the whole vehicle, and can achieve rapid hydrogen cut-off through reaction control, greatly improving the safety of the hydrogen energy vehicle end. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a solid-state hydrogen pool system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic block diagram of the process steps of the hydrogen release control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] The symbols in the accompanying drawings are as follows: 1. Hydrogen storage module; 11. Reaction pool; 12. Solid hydrogen storage fuel unit; 2. Water supply module; 21. Water storage tank; 22. Sprinkler; 23. First water pump; 24. First filter; 25. First liquid level sensor; 26. Third temperature sensor; 3. Hydrogen transmission module; 31. Buffer tank; 32. Pressure sensor; 33. Third filter; 34. One-way valve; 35. Safety valve; 36. Stop valve; 4. Cooling unit; 41. Second water pump; 42. Radiator; 43. Second filter; 44. Medium compensation tank; 5. Heating unit; 51. Preheater; 52. First control water valve; 53. Second control water valve; 6. First temperature sensor; 7. Second temperature sensor; 8. Purge module; 81. Nitrogen tank; 82. First switch valve; 83. Second switch valve; 84. Third switch valve; 85. Fourth switch valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. Now, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.

[0019] The present invention discloses a solid-state hydrogen pool system, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a hydrogen storage module 1, a water supply module 2, a hydrogen transmission module 3 and a temperature control module. The hydrogen storage module 1 includes a reaction pool 11, and a plurality of solid hydrogen storage fuel units 12 arranged in the reaction pool 11. The water supply module 2 includes a water storage tank 21 and a water sprayer 22, the water storage tank 21, the water sprayer 22 and the reaction pool 11 are connected in sequence, and the water sprayer 22 is used to quantitatively spray reaction water into each solid hydrogen storage fuel unit 12. The hydrogen transmission module 3 includes a buffer tank 31 connected to the reaction pool 11, the buffer tank 31 is used to quantitatively store the hydrogen released by each solid hydrogen storage fuel unit 12, and a pressure sensor 32 is provided at the outlet of the buffer tank 31. The temperature control module includes a cooling unit 4 and a heating unit 5, the cooling unit 4 is connected to the reaction pool 11, and is used to cool the medium and circulate it to the reaction pool 11 for heat exchange. The heating unit 5 is arranged adjacent to the water supply module 2, and the heating unit 5 is connected to the reaction pool 11, and is used to circulate the heat exchange medium to the water supply module 2. The reaction pool 11 is provided with a first temperature sensor 6 corresponding to the outflowing medium, and the reaction pool 11 is provided with a second temperature sensor 7 corresponding to the inflowing medium.

[0020] Through the implementation of the above-mentioned solid-state hydrogen pool system embodiment, the hydrogen storage material can be formed into a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 through a certain molding process. In the embodiment of the present invention, multiple solid-state hydrogen storage fuel units 12 provide hydrogen release fuel for the entire system, and each solid-state hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 participates in the reaction independently, and the water supply module 2 provides the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 with the amount of water required for the reaction, so that the reactants formed by the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 after adding water to release hydrogen are accumulated at the bottom of the reaction pool 11, and the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 can be replaced regularly after the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 is completely reacted. The specific number of solid-state hydrogen storage fuel units 12 placed depends on the hydrogen demand and hydrogen storage requirements of the back-end fuel cell system. On this basis, the water sprayer 22 is used to quantitatively spray reaction water into each solid hydrogen storage fuel unit 12, so as to control the rate of hydrogen release reaction in each solid hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 in the reaction pool 11, and the hydrogen released by each solid hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 is quantitatively stored by the buffer tank 31, which can reduce the pressure change impact caused by the hydrogen release reaction of the solid hydrogen storage fuel unit 12, and ensure that the rear-end supply of hydrogen can be in a relatively stable pressure range. Combined with the setting of the pressure sensor 32, the pressure of the hydrogen supply can be monitored in real time, so as to adjust the reaction rate at any time, so as to dynamically adjust according to the needs of the rear-end fuel cell system. Specifically, the opening of the water sprayer 22 is adjusted to provide different amounts of water to generate hydrogen, and the opening of the water sprayer 22 is adjusted according to the hydrogen pressure closed-loop control of the reaction pool 11 to control the rate of hydrogen release reaction in each solid hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 in the reaction pool 11. In addition, the cooling unit 4 is used to take away the heat of the continuous hydrogen release reaction, so that when the solid hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 in the reaction pool 11 undergoes a hydrolysis reaction, the heat in the hydrogen release process is taken away by the cooling unit 4 through the medium, and after the cooling medium is recycled to the reaction pool 11 for continuous heat exchange, so as to achieve heat control in the hydrogen release process, thereby achieving stable control of heat exchange. At the same time, the heating unit 5 is arranged next to the water supply module 2, and the water supply module 2 can be preheated to complete the low-temperature cold start to ensure that there is no icing in the water supply module 2. The heating unit 5 is then used to circulate the heat exchange medium to the water supply module 2, so that after the water supply module 2 is cold started at a low temperature, the heat released by the solid hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 during the hydrogen release reaction can continuously provide heat to the water supply module 2, so as to provide a continuous reaction water supply at low temperatures in winter, and ensure that the hydrolysis reaction can continue under low temperatures. That is, the solid hydrogen pool system of the embodiment of the present invention mainly controls the hydrogen pressure monitored by the rear end pressure sensor 32 of the buffer tank 31, and the temperature and pressure difference between the inlet temperature of the reaction pool 11 medium and the inlet and outlet of the reaction pool 11 medium monitored by the second temperature sensor 7. Therefore, the solid-state hydrogen pool system of the present invention greatly improves the hydrogen storage density to meet the long cruising range requirements of the entire vehicle. At the same time, through reaction control, hydrogen can be quickly cut off, greatly improving the safety of the hydrogen energy vehicle.

[0021] As mentioned above, the reaction pool 11 refers to a pool, tank or other container or part of a composite container that contains hydrogen in different states or hydrogen storage materials and hydrogen release devices to produce hydrogen, and a device that can store hydrogen or convert hydrogen storage materials into hydrogen. The solid-state hydrogen pool uses solid-state hydrogen storage materials as hydrogen storage media to store hydrogen, and uses a hydrogen release device to convert hydrogen storage materials into hydrogen. It is mainly composed of a hydrogen release chamber (hydrolysis chamber) and a necessary cooling chamber to form a high-energy density storage reaction pool 11 with a multi-channel chamber as a unit. The solid-state hydrogen pool system is a solid-state hydrogen storage and release system composed of a solid-state hydrogen pool unit and a hydrogen release subsystem, which includes solid-state hydrogen storage materials, hydrogen hydrolysis components, hydrolysis process heat exchange components, and hydrogen production and collection components.

[0022] The solid hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 is preferably composed of hydrogen-filled high-density hydrogen storage materials. The high-density hydrogen storage materials include metal hydrogen storage materials and non-metal hydrogen storage materials, mainly high-density hydrogen storage materials that can release hydrogen by adding water. For example, metal materials such as magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), aluminum (Al), hydrogen storage alloys, inorganic ionic compound hydrogen storage materials, carbonaceous hydrogen storage materials, metal organic skeleton compound hydrogen storage materials, etc. Hydrogen storage alloys include binary systems, ternary systems, and multi-element systems, such as lithium hydride (LiH), sodium hydride (NaH), potassium hydride (KH), magnesium dihydride (MgH2O), etc. )、Calcium dihydride( )、Aluminum hydride( ) etc.; Inorganic ionic compound hydrogen storage materials mainly include coordinated hydrides and amino compounds, such as sodium aluminum tetrahydride ( )、lithium borohydride( ) and ammonia borane are both hydrogen storage materials with relatively high hydrogen storage density. In the solid-state hydrogen pool module, a single or multiple hydrogen storage materials with relatively high hydrogen storage density can be selected. Reversible hydrogen storage is not required, only high hydrogen storage density is required. In addition, the multiple solid-state hydrogen storage fuel units 12 in the reaction pool 11 can improve the hydrogen storage density of the hydrogen storage module 1, and the aqueous solution formed between two adjacent solid-state hydrogen storage fuel units 12 is sprayed into the gap, which can effectively increase the contact area between the hydrogen storage material and the reaction water, and realize the controllability of the contact area between the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 and the reaction water, thereby realizing the control of the hydrogen release rate and magnitude, and forming the entire hydrogen storage module 1 into an integrated structure with high energy density.

[0023] Furthermore, the water supply module 2 also includes a water supply pipeline, a first water pump 23 and a first filter 24. The water storage tank 21, the first filter 24, the first water pump 23, the water sprayer 22, and the reaction water inlet of the reaction pool 11 are sequentially connected through the water supply pipeline. A first liquid level sensor 25 and a third temperature sensor 26 are respectively arranged in the water storage tank 21, and the third temperature sensor 26 is linked to the heating unit 5.

[0024] Through the implementation of the above-mentioned solid-state hydrogen pool system embodiment, the water tank 21 is used to store reaction water, and the amount of reaction water is monitored by the first liquid level sensor 25 so that the water tank 21 can be replenished when there is a lack of liquid. The first filter 24 is used to filter impurities in the reaction water. The first water pump 23 is a key component in the water supply module 2, which is responsible for extracting reaction water from the water tank 21 and transmitting it to the reaction pool 11. The water sprayer 22 sprays the required reaction water into the reaction pool 11 according to a certain amount, and sprays it into each solid-state hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 accordingly to control the rate of hydrogen release reaction. The third temperature sensor 26 is linked with the heating unit 5. When the temperature of the reaction water in the water tank 21 is low, the heating unit 5 can be started to preheat the water supply module 2 to complete the low-temperature cold start to ensure that there is no ice in the water supply module 2.

[0025] Furthermore, the solid-state hydrogen pool system also includes a purge module 8. The purge module 8 includes a first purge unit, and the first purge unit includes a nitrogen tank 81, a first nitrogen delivery pipeline, and a first nitrogen exhaust pipeline. The nitrogen tank 81 is connected to the reaction pool 11 through the first nitrogen delivery pipeline, and a first switch valve 82 is provided on the first nitrogen delivery pipeline. The first nitrogen exhaust pipeline is provided on the reaction pool 11, and a second switch valve 83 is provided on the first nitrogen exhaust pipeline.

[0026] Through the implementation of the above-mentioned solid-state hydrogen pool system embodiment, the first purge unit is mainly a protection unit for the entire solid-state hydrogen pool system. Since the solid-state hydrogen pool system is usually stored for a relatively long time, there is a risk of air entering the reaction pool 11. Therefore, before each solid-state hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 participates in the hydrolysis reaction, by opening the first switch valve 82 and the second switch valve 83, all the oxygen present in the reaction pool 11 is replaced by nitrogen replacement to prevent safety hazards during the startup process of the solid-state hydrogen pool system of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Further, the sweep module also includes a second purge unit, and the second purge unit includes a second nitrogen delivery pipeline and a second nitrogen exhaust pipeline. One end of the second nitrogen delivery pipeline is connected to the nitrogen tank 81, and the other end of the second nitrogen delivery pipeline is located between the water storage tank 21 and the first filter 24 and connected to the water supply pipeline. A third switch valve 84 is provided on the second nitrogen delivery pipeline, one end of the second nitrogen exhaust pipeline is located between the first water pump 23 and the sprinkler 22 and connected to the water supply pipeline, and the other end of the second nitrogen exhaust pipeline is connected to the water storage tank 21, and a fourth switch valve 85 is provided on the second nitrogen exhaust pipeline.

[0028] Through the implementation of the above-mentioned solid-state hydrogen pool system embodiment, the second purge unit is mainly a protection unit of the water supply module 2. Under winter conditions, the third switch valve 84 and the fourth switch valve 85 are opened to provide a purge gas source for the water supply pipeline, so that when the solid-state hydrogen pool system is shut down due to load reduction, the reaction water in the water supply pipeline is purged into the water storage tank 21 to prevent the reaction water remaining in the water supply pipeline from freezing at low temperatures.

[0029] Further, the heating unit 5 includes a first medium circulation pipeline and a preheater 51. The preheater 51 is arranged along the water supply pipeline, and a medium flow channel is arranged in the preheater 51. A plate heat exchanger is arranged on the inner wall of the reaction tank 11, and the medium outlet of the plate heat exchanger, the medium inlet of the preheater 51, the medium outlet of the preheater 51, and the medium inlet of the plate heat exchanger are sequentially connected through the first medium circulation pipeline.

[0030] Furthermore, a first control water valve 52 is provided on the first medium circulation pipe between the medium outlet of the plate heat exchanger and the medium inlet of the preheater 51, and a second control water valve 53 is provided on the first medium circulation pipe between the medium outlet of the preheater 51 and the medium inlet of the plate heat exchanger.

[0031] Through the implementation of the above-mentioned solid-state hydrogen pool system embodiment, the preheater 51 is preferably an electric heater, and heat is generated when an electric current passes through the electric heater. The preheater 51 is arranged along the water supply pipeline so that the temperature field of the preheater 51 can cover the entire water supply pipeline, so as to ensure that the reaction water in the entire water supply pipeline will not freeze at low temperatures. Among them, in an embodiment of the present invention, the setting of the preheater 51 is only for the low-temperature start-up of the water supply module 2, so under winter conditions, the preheater 51 does not require a higher preheating temperature. When the third temperature sensor 26 detects that the temperature of the reaction water in the water storage tank 21 is low, the preheater 51 is first started to preheat the water supply pipeline at a low temperature to achieve the low-temperature start-up of the water supply module 2. Then open the first control water valve 52 and the second control water valve 53, and use the medium after heat exchange in the reaction tank 11 to circulate into the preheater 51, so that after the water supply module 2 is cold-started at low temperature, the heat released by the solid hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 during the hydrogen release reaction can continuously provide heat for the water supply module 2. At this time, there is no need to continue to start the preheater 51, so as to make full use of the heat released by the solid hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 during the hydrogen release reaction, thereby continuously providing a stable supply of reaction water at low temperatures in winter, ensuring that the hydrolysis reaction can continue under low temperature conditions.

[0032] Furthermore, the cooling unit 4 includes a second medium circulation pipeline, a second water pump 41, a radiator 42 and a second filter 43, and the medium outlet of the plate heat exchanger, the second water pump 41, the radiator 42, the second filter 43, and the medium inlet of the plate heat exchanger are connected in sequence through the second medium circulation pipeline.

[0033] Through the implementation of the above-mentioned solid hydrogen pool system embodiment, the second water pump 41 is a key component in the cooling unit 4, which is responsible for extracting the heat exchange medium in the plate heat exchanger and circulating it back to the plate heat exchanger through the radiator 42. The radiator 42 is preferably a device with a cooling fan, which is used to cool the heat exchange medium flowing through the radiator 42. The second filter 43 is used to filter impurities in the heat exchange medium. By controlling the fan speed of the radiator 42 and the speed of the second water pump 41, stable control of the exchange heat is achieved, thereby realizing heat management and control during the hydrogen release process.

[0034] Further, the cooling unit 4 also includes a medium compensation tank 44, and a second liquid level sensor disposed in the medium compensation tank 44. A medium compensation pipeline is disposed on the medium compensation tank 44, and the other end of the medium compensation pipeline is located between the medium outlet of the plate heat exchanger and the second water pump 41 and connected to the second medium circulation pipeline. A medium recovery pipeline is disposed on the medium compensation tank 44, and the other end of the medium recovery pipeline is located between the second filter 43 and the medium inlet of the plate heat exchanger and connected to the second medium circulation pipeline.

[0035] Through the implementation of the above-mentioned solid hydrogen pool system embodiment, the medium compensation tank 44 is provided to supplement the heat exchange medium when it is lacking in the cooling unit 4 and the heating unit 5. Preferably, the heat exchange medium is a liquid medium, such as a water lamp.

[0036] Furthermore, the hydrogen transmission module 3 also includes a hydrogen transmission pipeline, a third filter 33, a one-way valve 34, a safety valve 35 and a stop valve 36. The hydrogen outlet of the reaction cell 11, the third filter 33, the one-way valve 34, the buffer tank 31, the safety valve 35, and the stop valve 36 are connected in sequence through the hydrogen transmission pipeline, and the hydrogen transmission pipeline is used to connect the rear-end fuel cell system.

[0037] Through the implementation of the above-mentioned solid-state hydrogen pool system embodiment, the hydrogen generated by the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 during the hydrogen release reaction passes through the third filter 33 and then enters the one-way valve 34, and then enters the buffer after passing through the one-way valve 34. The one-way valve 34 prevents the hydrogen from flowing back, and the buffer tank 31 can reduce the pressure change impact caused by the reaction, ensuring that the rear-end hydrogen supply can be within a relatively stable pressure range. The safety valve 35 sets a certain pressure jump upper limit to protect the entire system device and ensure that the pressure can be released in time under overpressure conditions. The stop valve 36 acts as a cutoff switch for the entire gas supply circuit.

[0038] The present invention also discloses a hydrogen release control method, which uses the above-mentioned solid hydrogen pool system and comprises: Monitor and obtain the downtime of the reaction pool 11, determine whether the downtime of the reaction pool 11 meets the first preset condition, and control whether nitrogen replacement is performed in the reaction pool 11 according to the determination result; If nitrogen replacement is completed in the control reaction pool 11, or it is determined that the downtime of the reaction pool 11 meets the first preset condition, the temperature in the water storage tank 21 is monitored and obtained, and it is determined whether the temperature in the water storage tank 21 meets the second preset condition, and the heating unit 5 is controlled to preheat the water supply module 2 at a low temperature according to the determination result; If the heating unit 5 is controlled to preheat the water supply module 2 at a low temperature, or it is determined that the temperature in the water storage tank 21 meets the second preset condition, the solid-state hydrogen pool system is controlled to start; In response to the start-up of the solid-state hydrogen pool system, the opening of the water sprinkler 22 is dynamically adjusted according to the pressure data obtained by the pressure sensor 32, and the cooling degree of the cooling unit 4 is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature data obtained by the first temperature sensor 6 and the second temperature sensor 7; In response to the load reduction and shutdown of the solid-state hydrogen pool system, the temperature in the water storage tank 21 is monitored and obtained, and it is determined whether the temperature in the water storage tank 21 meets the second preset condition, and whether nitrogen purge is performed in the water supply module 2 according to the determination result; If the nitrogen purge in the water supply module 2 is completed, or it is determined that the temperature in the water storage tank 21 meets the second preset condition, the solid hydrogen pool system is controlled to shut down.

[0039] Through the implementation of the above hydrogen release control method embodiment, the first preset condition is that the downtime is ≤ t1, the second preset condition is > 5°C, combined with Figure 2 Let’s take an example to further illustrate: First, the entire solid-state hydrogen pool system is tested for faults. If a fault is determined to exist, the solid-state hydrogen pool system is shut down for maintenance.

[0040] After troubleshooting, if the solid hydrogen pool system is monitored to be in long-term shutdown, that is, the shutdown time>t1, the first purge unit is automatically started to replace nitrogen, the nitrogen circuit is opened by opening the first switch valve 82 and the second switch valve 83, and nitrogen replacement is performed according to the preset purge time, and the corresponding valve is closed after completion. If the shutdown time is ≤t1, no purge is required.

[0041] When the temperature in the water tank 21 is greater than 5°C, the reaction pool 11 startup procedure is directly performed. When the temperature in the water tank 21 is ≤5°C, a low-temperature startup is performed, that is, the preheater 51 is first started to preheat the water supply pipeline at a low temperature until the temperature of the reaction pool 11 is greater than 5°C, and then the normal startup procedure is entered.

[0042] According to the pressure data obtained by the pressure sensor 32, the opening of the water sprayer 22 and the speed of the first water pump 23 are dynamically adjusted until the pressure data reaches the target hydrogen pressure to achieve hydrogen pressure control. And according to the temperature data obtained by the first temperature sensor 6 and the second temperature sensor 7, the fan speed of the radiator 42 and the speed of the second water pump 41 are dynamically adjusted until the inlet temperature of the reaction pool 11 medium and the temperature pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the reaction pool 11 medium reach the target temperature to achieve thermal management.

[0043] During the load reduction and shutdown process of the reaction pool 11 system, the sprinkler 22 is first closed to stop hydrogen production, and the ambient temperature is judged. The water pump is directly turned off at normal temperature, and the shutdown of the reaction pool 11 system is completed; during the low-temperature shutdown process, it is necessary to first start the second purge unit to purge the water supply pipeline, that is, open the third switch valve 84 and the fourth switch valve 85 to perform purge, and after the purge is completed, close the corresponding valves, and the shutdown of the reaction pool 11 is completed.

[0044] The solid-state hydrogen pool system and hydrogen release control method of the embodiment of the present invention provide a solid-state hydrogen pool system for hydrolysis. Compared with the traditional solid-state hydrogen storage system that can cyclically charge and discharge hydrogen, the hydrogen storage density of the overall system is significantly improved. And the entire solid-state hydrogen pool system can be commercialized, and the stable release of hydrogen is guaranteed by controlling the amount of water sprayed, and the hydrogen supply can be dynamically adjusted according to the needs of the back-end fuel cell system. At the same time, under low temperature conditions in winter, a design plan for winter startup and a continuous water supply plan in winter are formulated to ensure that the hydrolysis reaction can continue under low temperature conditions. Therefore, the solid-state hydrogen pool system of the embodiment of the present invention can not only greatly increase the hydrogen storage density and meet the long cruising range requirements of the whole vehicle, but also through the reaction control method, it can achieve rapid hydrogen cut-off, greatly improving the safety of the hydrogen energy vehicle.

[0045] Furthermore, compared with lithium batteries, the energy storage density of the solid-state hydrogen pool system of the embodiment of the present invention can be more than 10 times that of lithium batteries. For example: the current higher energy density of lithium batteries is 200Wh / kg, while the hydrogen storage material selection of the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel unit 12 in the solid-state hydrogen pool system of the embodiment of the present invention generally has a hydrogen storage density of 15wt% after adding water to release hydrogen, that is, 100kg of hydrogen storage material can store 15kg of hydrogen, and the low calorific value of hydrogen is 33kWh / kgH2, that is, 100kg of solid-state hydrogen pool system can store 495kWh of electrical energy, and the energy density of the solid-state hydrogen pool system of the embodiment of the present invention is 4.95kWh / kg. If it is converted into electricity by a fuel cell, the efficiency of the fuel cell is calculated according to the conventional 50%, and the energy density of the solid-state hydrogen pool system of the embodiment of the present invention after the hydrogen energy is converted into electrical energy is 2.47kWh / kg, which is also close to 10 times that of a lithium battery, and a leapfrog iteration can be achieved.

[0046] In addition, the current industry's selection of hydrogen storage materials requires that they must have a high degree of reversibility, that is, they can repeatedly perform a reversible process of absorbing and releasing hydrogen. And the number of reversible cycles must be sufficient, for example, the number of cycles must exceed 5000 times. Such requirements bring great difficulty to the selection of materials. The most important innovation of the solid-state hydrogen pool system of the embodiment of the present invention is that it can achieve controlled hydrogen fusion to make it possible to release hydrogen by adding water, thereby greatly improving the hydrogen storage density. When the hydrogen storage density exceeds 10%, the 500 kg lithium battery of the current lithium battery passenger car is replaced with a solid-state hydrogen pool system of the same weight, which can produce 50 kg of hydrogen. The current hydrogen consumption of fuel cell passenger cars is generally less than 1 kgH2 / 100 km, which can allow the vehicle to have a one-time driving range of more than 5000 km. The most important thing is that fuel cell passenger cars can be realized without charging, hydrogenation, or refueling. Every 5000 km maintenance cycle, go to 4S for maintenance and replace the solid-state hydrogen pool system once. Once the driving range is met and the maintenance cycle is replaced once, there is no need to require the hydrogen storage material used in the hydrogen storage module 1 to be reversible, nor is there a requirement for the number of reversible cycles. The replaced solid-state hydrogen pool system can be fully reused in the chemical industry chain or extracted from metal materials and hydrogen sources in the factory to synthesize the solid-state hydrogen pool system again, thus bringing revolutionary improvements to the entire automotive industry: (1) For users, the convenience of use is greatly improved. You don’t have to worry about energy issues for half a year. You don’t need to refuel, charge, or add hydrogen. The cost is greatly reduced. The solid-state hydrogen pool system can be provided in the form of leasing, which greatly reduces the cost of use compared to lithium batteries. Safety is greatly improved. When the hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen pool system is not in use, it exists as a hydrogen compound. There is no risk of fire and explosion. It can be driven into underground garages, which is safer than gasoline vehicles and lithium-ion vehicles.

[0047] (2) For the industrial sector, infrastructure construction is more convenient. Such fuel cell vehicles do not need to build hydrogen refueling stations. They only need to build solid-state hydrogen pool production enterprises at hydrogen mother stations or hydrogen production plants and transport them to various 4S stores. This greatly reduces the cost of station construction and avoids the problems of difficult approval and safety risks of hydrogen refueling stations. In the future, with the large-scale promotion of fuel cell vehicles using solid-state hydrogen pool systems, the construction of charging piles, charging stations, and gas stations can be reduced, greatly reducing social costs.

[0048] (3) For the country, in the future, the large-scale deployment of renewable energy such as wind and light in the west, which cannot be connected to the power grid due to volatility, can produce hydrogen and transport it to the east using pure hydrogen pipelines or natural gas mixed with hydrogen. It only needs to be transported to the mother station, made into a large number of solid hydrogen pools, and sent to various 4S stores for vehicle replacement. This method can promote the large-scale application of fuel cell vehicles, with energy sources from renewable energy, achieve energy control, and ensure national energy security.

[0049] In addition, the solid-state hydrogen pool system of the embodiment of the present invention can meet the requirements of hydrogen fuel cell engine systems in different power ranges. In the future, in various fields such as sea, land, air, and space, fuel cell power ranging from watts to kilowatts, hundreds of kilowatts, and megawatts can use solid-state hydrogen pools as energy storage units, including drones, flying cars, electric two-wheeled vehicles, passenger cars, buses, trucks, ships, airplanes, rail transit, and fixed power generation. It can completely solve the safety issues of hydrogen energy terminal use and provide technical feasibility for the realization of a hydrogen energy social ecology.

[0050] It should be understood that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. For those skilled in the art, the technical solutions described in the above embodiments can be modified, or some of the technical features therein can be replaced by equivalents; and all these modifications and replacements should fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid hydrogen pool system, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen pool system comprises: A hydrogen storage module, comprising a reaction pool and a plurality of solid hydrogen storage fuel units arranged in the reaction pool; A water supply module, comprising a water tank and a water sprayer, wherein the water tank, the water sprayer and the reaction pool are connected in sequence, and the water sprayer is used to quantitatively spray reaction water into each of the solid hydrogen storage fuel units; A hydrogen transport module, comprising a buffer tank connected to the reaction pool, the buffer tank being used to quantitatively store the hydrogen released by each of the solid hydrogen storage fuel units, and a pressure sensor being provided at the outlet of the buffer tank; The temperature control module includes a cooling unit and a heating unit. The cooling unit is connected to the reaction pool and is used to cool the medium and circulate it into the reaction pool for heat exchange. The heating unit is arranged adjacent to the water supply module and is connected to the reaction pool and is used to circulate the heat exchange medium to the water supply module. The reaction pool is provided with a first temperature sensor corresponding to the outflowing medium, and the reaction pool is provided with a second temperature sensor corresponding to the inflowing medium.

2. The solid-state hydrogen pool system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply module also includes a water supply pipeline, a first water pump and a first filter. The water tank, the first filter, the first water pump, the sprinkler, and the reaction water inlet of the reaction pool are connected in sequence through the water supply pipeline. A first liquid level sensor and a third temperature sensor are respectively arranged in the water tank, and the third temperature sensor is linked to the heating unit.

3. The solid-state hydrogen pool system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen pool system also includes a purge module, which includes a first purge unit. The first purge unit includes a nitrogen tank, a first nitrogen supply pipeline and a first nitrogen exhaust pipeline. The nitrogen tank is connected to the reaction pool through the first nitrogen supply pipeline, and a first switch valve is provided on the first nitrogen supply pipeline. The first nitrogen exhaust pipeline is provided on the reaction pool, and a second switch valve is provided on the first nitrogen exhaust pipeline.

4. The solid-state hydrogen pool system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The purge module also includes a second purge unit, which includes a second nitrogen supply pipeline and a second nitrogen exhaust pipeline, one end of the second nitrogen supply pipeline is connected to the nitrogen tank, and the other end of the second nitrogen supply pipeline is located between the water storage tank and the first filter and connected to the water supply pipeline, a third switch valve is provided on the second nitrogen supply pipeline, one end of the second nitrogen exhaust pipeline is located between the first water pump and the sprinkler and connected to the water supply pipeline, and the other end of the second nitrogen exhaust pipeline is connected to the water storage tank, and a fourth switch valve is provided on the second nitrogen exhaust pipeline.

5. The solid-state hydrogen pool system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heating unit includes a first medium circulation pipeline and a preheater, the preheater is arranged along the water supply pipeline, and a medium flow channel is arranged in the preheater, a plate heat exchanger is arranged on the inner wall of the reaction tank, and the medium outlet of the plate heat exchanger, the medium inlet of the preheater, the medium outlet of the preheater, and the medium inlet of the plate heat exchanger are connected in sequence through the first medium circulation pipeline.

6. The solid-state hydrogen pool system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first control water valve is provided on the first medium circulation pipe between the medium outlet of the plate heat exchanger and the medium inlet of the preheater, and a second control water valve is provided on the first medium circulation pipe between the medium outlet of the preheater and the medium inlet of the plate heat exchanger.

7. The solid-state hydrogen cell system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cooling unit includes a second medium circulation pipeline, a second water pump, a radiator and a second filter. The medium outlet of the plate heat exchanger, the second water pump, the radiator, the second filter and the medium inlet of the plate heat exchanger are connected in sequence through the second medium circulation pipeline.

8. The solid-state hydrogen cell system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cooling unit also includes a medium compensation tank and a second liquid level sensor arranged in the medium compensation tank. A medium compensation pipeline is arranged on the medium compensation tank, and the other end of the medium compensation pipeline is located between the medium outlet of the plate heat exchanger and the second water pump and connected to the second medium circulation pipeline. A medium recovery pipeline is arranged on the medium compensation tank, and the other end of the medium recovery pipeline is located between the second filter and the medium inlet of the plate heat exchanger and connected to the second medium circulation pipeline.

9. The solid-state hydrogen pool system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen transmission module also includes a hydrogen transmission pipeline, a third filter, a one-way valve, a safety valve and a shut-off valve. The hydrogen outlet of the reaction cell, the third filter, the one-way valve, the buffer tank, the safety valve, and the shut-off valve are connected in sequence through the hydrogen transmission pipeline, and the hydrogen transmission pipeline is used to connect to a rear-end fuel cell system.

10. A method for controlling hydrogen release, using the solid-state hydrogen pool system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The hydrogen release control method comprises: Monitoring and obtaining the downtime of the reaction pool, determining whether the downtime of the reaction pool meets a first preset condition, and controlling whether nitrogen replacement is performed in the reaction pool according to the determination result; If the nitrogen replacement in the reaction pool is completed, or it is determined that the downtime of the reaction pool meets the first preset condition, the temperature in the water storage tank is monitored and obtained, and it is determined whether the temperature in the water storage tank meets the second preset condition, and the heating unit is controlled to preheat the water supply module at a low temperature according to the determination result; If the heating unit is controlled to preheat the water supply module at a low temperature, or if it is determined that the temperature in the water storage tank meets a second preset condition, the solid-state hydrogen pool system is controlled to start; In response to the start-up of the solid-state hydrogen pool system, dynamically adjusting the opening of the water sprinkler according to the pressure data obtained by the pressure sensor, and dynamically adjusting the cooling degree of the cooling unit according to the temperature data obtained by the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor; In response to the load reduction and shutdown of the solid-state hydrogen pool system, the temperature in the water storage tank is monitored and obtained, and it is determined whether the temperature in the water storage tank meets a second preset condition, and whether nitrogen purge is performed in the water supply module according to the determination result; If the nitrogen purge in the water supply module is completed, or it is determined that the temperature in the water storage tank meets the second preset condition, the solid-state hydrogen pool system is controlled to shut down.

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