Saline-alkali soil improvement method based on functional fulvic acid compound organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil improvement method based on a functional fulvic acid compound organic fertilizer, and belongs to a saline-alkali soil improvement method. The method comprises the steps of 1, soil leveling; 2, preparing a composite organic fertilizer based on functional fulvic acid; 3, the functional fulvic acid-based compound organic fertilizer is subjected to rotary tillage into the saline-alkali soil, and then a liquid microbial fertilizer is sprayed; and 4, covering the land surface with a black film for 20-30 days, uncovering the black film, and planting plants. The compound organic fertilizer based on the functional fulvic acid is prepared from the fulvic acid, the organic leavening, the bentonite, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the monopotassium phosphate, the ferrous sulfate, the magnesium nitrate, the humic acid and the chitosan as raw materials, and the effect of the organic fertilizer prepared according to the proportion of different raw materials on increasing the yield and the efficiency of soil is determined; the composite organic fertilizer based on functional fulvic acid prepared by the invention is rich in nutrition, uses agricultural wastes and animal wastes, reduces the production cost, takes effect quickly and has a good effect on modification of saline-alkali soil, and improves the vitality of soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to a method for improving saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Soil salinization and secondary salinization are widespread in the world and have become a resource constraint for the sustainable development of irrigation agriculture in the world. At present, soil salinization in my country is very serious, which has a great impact on agriculture, is not conducive to plant cultivation, and has an adverse impact on agricultural resources. Most of the saline-alkali land is related to the accumulation of carbonates in the soil. The alkalinity is generally high, and plants can hardly survive in areas with severe saline-alkali soil. In the process of utilization, saline-alkali land can be simply divided into light saline-alkali land, moderate saline-alkali land and heavy saline-alkali land. Light saline-alkali land refers to its emergence rate of 70% to 80% and the salt content is less than 3 / 1000; heavy saline-alkali land refers to its salt content exceeding 6 / 1000, the emergence rate is less than 50%, and the pH value of soil water exceeds 8.5, causing soil compaction, which has an inhibitory effect on the root system of crops, causing crops to not grow or develop unhealthily; moderate saline-alkali land is between the two.

[0003] At present, the main methods for improving saline-alkali land are chemical improvement, physical improvement, biological improvement, and water conservancy engineering improvement. Among them, the physical improvement method is mainly the soil import method, which has a large amount of work, high cost, and is not economically cost-effective. The water conservancy engineering improvement method discharges salt through underground infiltration pipes, combined with ditches and deep wells to achieve the purpose of preventing salt return. It also has a large amount of work, high cost, long improvement time, and slow effect.

[0004] Soil conditioners are mainly used to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, making it more suitable for plant growth. Gypsum, sulfur and humic acid are used as conditioners and added to saline-alkali land to reduce soil salinity. Generally, they need to be used in conjunction with other methods to achieve better results. Microbial improvement is the growth and reproduction of microorganisms themselves, which can promote the movement of salt in the soil, effectively convert organic fertilizer in the soil into humic acid, and improve soil salinity. However, saline-alkali soil is usually poor and lacks the nutrients required for microbial growth and reproduction. Therefore, the effect of microbial improvement has certain limitations.

[0005] Fulvic acid is a gray-black powdery substance soluble in water. It is a plant growth regulator that can promote plant growth, play an important role in drought resistance, improve plant stress resistance, increase production and improve quality. Therefore, the present invention uses fulvic acid to prepare a functional fulvic acid-based composite organic fertilizer, and uses it for saline-alkali land improvement to solve the defects of the saline-alkali land improvement method in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali land based on functional fulvic acid compound organic fertilizer.

[0007] A method for improving saline-alkali land based on functional fulvic acid compound organic fertilizer is specifically completed in the following steps:

[0008] 1. Soil leveling:

[0009] First, the saline-alkali land is leveled, and then main and branch drainage ditches are built around the saline-alkali land to wash the saline-alkali land with fresh water to obtain a washed saline-alkali land;

[0010] 2. Preparation of functional fulvic acid-based compound organic fertilizer:

[0011] ①, weigh 5 to 8 parts of fulvic acid, 10 to 20 parts of organic fermentation products, 3 to 5 parts of bentonite, 15 to 25 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 to 25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 to 25 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5 to 15 parts of magnesium nitrate, 5 to 10 parts of humic acid and 5 to 10 parts of chitosan by weight;

[0012] ②, crushing the raw material weighed in step ① to obtain a crushed raw material;

[0013] ③. Mix the crushed raw materials evenly, let them stand for 3h to 5h, granulate them, and dry them to obtain a functional fulvic acid-based composite organic fertilizer;

[0014] 3. Rotary tillage the functional fulvic acid-based compound organic fertilizer into the saline-alkali soil, and then spray liquid microbial fertilizer;

[0015] 4. Cover the ground with black film for 20 to 30 days, then remove the film and plant plants.

[0016] Advantages of the present invention:

[0017] 1. The present invention uses fulvic acid, organic fermentation product, bentonite, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, magnesium nitrate, humic acid and chitosan as raw materials to prepare a functional fulvic acid-based composite organic fertilizer, and determines the effect of organic fertilizers prepared with different raw materials in different proportions on increasing soil production and efficiency; fulvic acid is added in the present invention, and fulvic acid is a plant growth regulator that can promote plant growth, play an important role in drought resistance, improve plant stress resistance, increase production and improve quality; at the same time, the content of fulvic acid in the organic fermentation product of the present invention is 10% to 28%, and the organic matter is greater than 40%, which improves the fertility of the soil and promotes plant production and efficiency;

[0018] 2. The functional fulvic acid-based composite organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention is rich in nutrition, uses agricultural waste and animal manure, reduces production costs, has a rapid and good effect on the modification of saline-alkali land, and improves soil vitality.

[0019] The invention can obtain a saline-alkali land improvement method based on functional fulvic acid composite organic fertilizer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Specific implementation method 1: This implementation method is a saline-alkali land improvement method based on functional fulvic acid compound organic fertilizer, which is specifically completed according to the following steps:

[0021] 1. Soil leveling:

[0022] First, the saline-alkali land is leveled, and then main and branch drainage ditches are built around the saline-alkali land to wash the saline-alkali land with fresh water to obtain a washed saline-alkali land;

[0023] 2. Preparation of functional fulvic acid-based compound organic fertilizer:

[0024] ①, weigh 5 to 8 parts of fulvic acid, 10 to 20 parts of organic fermentation products, 3 to 5 parts of bentonite, 15 to 25 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 to 25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 to 25 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5 to 15 parts of magnesium nitrate, 5 to 10 parts of humic acid and 5 to 10 parts of chitosan by weight;

[0025] ②, crushing the raw material weighed in step ① to obtain a crushed raw material;

[0026] ③. Mix the crushed raw materials evenly, let them stand for 3h to 5h, granulate them, and dry them to obtain a functional fulvic acid-based composite organic fertilizer;

[0027] 3. Rotary tillage the functional fulvic acid-based compound organic fertilizer into the saline-alkali soil, and then spray liquid microbial fertilizer;

[0028] 4. Cover the ground with black film for 20 to 30 days, then remove the film and plant plants.

[0029] Specific implementation method 2: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method 1 in that: in step 1, the saline-alkali land is leveled to make the terrain slope less than 2°; in step 1, the soil salinity of the saline-alkali land after flushing is reduced to less than 0.5%. The other steps are the same as those in specific implementation method 1.

[0030] Specific embodiment 3: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment 1 or 2 in that: in step 2①, 8 parts of fulvic acid, 20 parts of organic fermentation products, 3 parts of bentonite, 20 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts of ferrous sulfate, 10 parts of magnesium nitrate, 5 parts of humic acid and 5 parts of chitosan are weighed by weight. The other steps are the same as those of specific embodiment 1 or 2.

[0031] Specific embodiment 4: This embodiment differs from specific embodiments 1 to 3 in that: in step 2①, 5 parts of fulvic acid, 20 parts of organic fermentation products, 5 parts of bentonite, 25 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8 parts of magnesium nitrate, 8 parts of humic acid and 8 parts of chitosan are weighed by weight. The other steps are the same as those of specific embodiments 1 to 3.

[0032] Specific embodiment 5: This embodiment differs from specific embodiments 1 to 4 in that the method for preparing the organic fermentation product described in step 2① is specifically completed according to the following steps:

[0033] 1. According to the weight ratio, 10 to 20 parts of lignite, 10 to 20 parts of peat, 3 to 6 parts of corn stalks, 10 to 20 parts of animal manure and 5 to 8 parts of soybean meal are crushed by a crusher and then fully mixed with a mixer to obtain a mixture;

[0034] 2. Add 0.01 to 0.015 parts of composite microbial agent to the mixture, adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 55% to 65%, transfer it to the reactor, and ferment it at 50° C. to 65° C. for 7 to 15 days to obtain organic fermentation product. The other steps are the same as those in the first to fourth embodiments.

[0035] Specific embodiment 6: This embodiment is different from specific embodiments 1 to 5 in that: the animal manure described in step 1 is cow manure, chicken manure or pig manure; the composite microbial agent described in step 2 is nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast; the mass ratio of the composite microbial agent is nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast is 3:5:2:1. The other steps are the same as specific embodiments 1 to 5.

[0036] Specific embodiment 7: This embodiment differs from specific embodiments 1 to 6 in that: the rotary tillage depth in step 3 is 50 cm; the dosage of the functional fulvic acid-based compound organic fertilizer is 300-500 kg / mu, the dosage of the liquid microbial fertilizer is 10-15 kg / mu, and the liquid microbial fertilizer is diluted 500-600 times with water for spraying. The other steps are the same as those of specific embodiments 1 to 6.

[0037] Specific embodiment eight: This embodiment differs from specific embodiments one to seven in that the number of effective live bacteria in the liquid microbial fertilizer described in step three is ≥ 50 million / mL, and the preparation method is completed according to the following steps:

[0038] Cow dung, peanut bran, molasses powder and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:1:10:100 as materials, and then fermentation agents are added, and aeration and fermentation are continuously performed for 5 to 20 days to obtain a fermentation product; polyglutamic acid and Trichoderma harzianum dry powder are added to the fermentation product, and mixed evenly to obtain liquid biofertilizer. The other steps are the same as those in the first to seventh embodiments.

[0039] Specific embodiment 9: This embodiment differs from specific embodiments 1 to 8 in that the mass ratio of the fermentation agent to the material is (0.2-0.6):10; the fermentation agent is Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Brevibacillus laterosporus and Bacillus megaterium, wherein the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Brevibacillus laterosporus and Bacillus megaterium is (1-2):(1-2):1:1. The other steps are the same as those of specific embodiments 1 to 8.

[0040] Specific embodiment 10: This embodiment differs from specific embodiments 1 to 9 in that the mass ratio of the Trichoderma harzianum dry powder to the fermentation product is (0.01-0.05):100; the mass ratio of the polyglutamic acid to the fermentation product is (1-5):100. The other steps are the same as those of specific embodiments 1 to 9.

[0041] The following examples are used to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0042] Example 1: A method for improving saline-alkali land based on functional fulvic acid compound organic fertilizer is specifically completed according to the following steps:

[0043] 1. Soil leveling:

[0044] First, the saline-alkali land is leveled, and then main and branch drainage ditches are built around the saline-alkali land to wash the saline-alkali land with fresh water to obtain a washed saline-alkali land;

[0045] 2. Preparation of functional fulvic acid-based compound organic fertilizer:

[0046] ①, weigh 8 parts of fulvic acid, 20 parts of organic fermentation products, 3 parts of bentonite, 20 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts of ferrous sulfate, 10 parts of magnesium nitrate, 5 parts of humic acid and 5 parts of chitosan by weight;

[0047] ②, crushing the raw material weighed in step ① to obtain a crushed raw material;

[0048] ③. Mix the crushed raw materials evenly, let them stand for 3 hours, granulate them, and dry them to obtain a functional fulvic acid-based composite organic fertilizer;

[0049] 3. Rotary tillage the functional fulvic acid-based compound organic fertilizer into the saline-alkali soil, and then spray liquid microbial fertilizer;

[0050] The rotary tillage depth described in step 3 is 50 cm;

[0051] The dosage of the functional fulvic acid-based compound organic fertilizer is 350kg / mu, and the dosage of the liquid microbial fertilizer is 15kg / mu. The liquid microbial fertilizer is diluted 600 times with water for spraying;

[0052] 4. Cover the ground with black film for 25 days, remove the film and plant plants;

[0053] The method for preparing the organic fermentation product described in step 2① is specifically completed according to the following steps:

[0054] Ⅰ. According to the weight ratio, 15 parts of lignite, 15 parts of peat, 6 parts of corn stalks, 15 parts of cow dung and 6 parts of soybean meal were crushed by a crusher and then fully mixed with a mixer to obtain a mixture;

[0055] Ⅱ. Add 0.01 parts of composite microbial agent to the mixture, adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 60%, transfer it to a reactor, and ferment it at 60° C. for 15 days to obtain an organic fermentation product; the composite microbial agent is nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast; the mass ratio of the composite microbial agent is nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast is 3:5:2:1;

[0056] The effective viable bacteria count in the liquid microbial fertilizer described in step 3 is ≥ 50 million / mL, and the preparation method is completed according to the following steps:

[0057] Cow dung, peanut bran, molasses powder and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:1:10:100 as materials, and then a fermentation agent is added, and aeration and fermentation are continuously performed for 15 days to obtain a fermentation product; polyglutamic acid and Trichoderma harzianum dry powder are added to the fermentation product, and the mixture is evenly mixed to obtain a liquid biofertilizer; the mass ratio of the fermentation agent to the material is 0.4:10; the fermentation agent is Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Brevibacillus laterosporus and Bacillus megaterium, wherein the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Brevibacillus laterosporus and Bacillus megaterium is 2:2:1:1; the mass ratio of Trichoderma harzianum dry powder to the fermentation product is 0.03:100; and the mass ratio of polyglutamic acid to the fermentation product is 5:100.

[0058] Example 2: The difference between this example and Example 1 is that in step 2①, 5 parts of fulvic acid, 20 parts of organic fermentation products, 5 parts of bentonite, 25 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8 parts of magnesium nitrate, 8 parts of humic acid and 8 parts of chitosan are weighed by weight. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0059] Comparative Example 1: 8 portions of fulvic acid were omitted in step 2①. Other steps and parameters were the same as those in Example 1.

[0060] The experimental soils of Examples 1 to 2 and Comparative Example 1 were severely saline-alkali lands. After the fresh water absorbed salt in step 1, they all became moderately saline-alkali lands, and the pH value of the soil was 8.9.

[0061] The pH value of the soil was measured according to the method in NY / T1121.2-2006;

[0062] The electrical conductivity of soil is measured according to the method in "HJ802-2016".

[0063] The organic fertilizer prepared in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 was rotary tilled in saline-alkali soil for 60 days, and the pH value and conductivity of the soil were tested. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0064] Table 1

[0065] Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 pH 7.6 7.8 8.1

[0066] It can be seen from Table 1 that the functional fulvic acid-based composite organic fertilizer prepared using fulvic acid can significantly reduce the pH of the soil, and the effect of the organic fertilizer after omitting fulvic acid is poor.

Claims

1. A method for improving saline-alkali land based on functional fulvic acid compound organic fertilizer, characterized in that The saline-alkali land improvement method is specifically completed according to the following steps:

1. Soil leveling: First, the saline-alkali land is leveled, and then main and branch drainage ditches are built around the saline-alkali land to wash the saline-alkali land with fresh water to obtain a washed saline-alkali land; 2. Preparation of functional fulvic acid-based compound organic fertilizer: ①, weigh 5 to 8 parts of fulvic acid, 10 to 20 parts of organic fermentation products, 3 to 5 parts of bentonite, 15 to 25 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 to 25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 to 25 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5 to 15 parts of magnesium nitrate, 5 to 10 parts of humic acid and 5 to 10 parts of chitosan by weight; ②, crushing the raw material weighed in step ① to obtain a crushed raw material; ③. Mix the crushed raw materials evenly, let them stand for 3h to 5h, granulate them, and dry them to obtain a functional fulvic acid-based composite organic fertilizer; 3. Rotary tillage the functional fulvic acid-based compound organic fertilizer into the saline-alkali soil, and then spray liquid microbial fertilizer; 4. Cover the ground with black film for 20 to 30 days, then remove the film and plant plants.

2. A method for improving saline-alkali land based on functional fulvic acid compound organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that In step one, the saline-alkali land is leveled so that the terrain slope is less than 2°; and the soil salinity of the saline-alkali land after flushing in step one is reduced to less than 0.5%.

3. A method for improving saline-alkali land based on functional fulvic acid compound organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 2①, 8 parts of fulvic acid, 20 parts of organic fermentation products, 3 parts of bentonite, 20 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts of ferrous sulfate, 10 parts of magnesium nitrate, 5 parts of humic acid and 5 parts of chitosan are weighed in parts by weight.

4. A method for improving saline-alkali land based on functional fulvic acid compound organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 2①, 5 parts of fulvic acid, 20 parts of organic fermentation products, 5 parts of bentonite, 25 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8 parts of magnesium nitrate, 8 parts of humic acid and 8 parts of chitosan are weighed in parts by weight.

5. A method for improving saline-alkali land based on functional fulvic acid compound organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The method for preparing the organic fermentation product described in step 2① is specifically completed according to the following steps:

1. According to the weight ratio, 10 to 20 parts of lignite, 10 to 20 parts of peat, 3 to 6 parts of corn stalks, 10 to 20 parts of animal manure and 5 to 8 parts of soybean meal are crushed by a crusher and then fully mixed with a mixer to obtain a mixture; 2. Add 0.01 to 0.015 parts of composite microbial agent to the mixture, adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 55% to 65%, transfer it to a reactor, and ferment it at 50° C. to 65° C. for 7 to 15 days to obtain an organic fermentation product.

6. A method for improving saline-alkali land based on functional fulvic acid compound organic fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that The animal manure described in step one is cow manure, chicken manure or pig manure; the composite microbial agent described in step two is nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast; the mass ratio of the composite microbial agent is nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast is 3:5:2:

1.

7. A method for improving saline-alkali land based on functional fulvic acid compound organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The rotary tillage depth described in step three is 50 cm; the dosage of the functional fulvic acid-based compound organic fertilizer is 300-500 kg / mu, and the dosage of the liquid microbial fertilizer is 10-15 kg / mu. The liquid microbial fertilizer is diluted 500-600 times with water for spraying.

8. The method for improving saline-alkali land based on functional fulvic acid compound organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The effective viable bacteria count in the liquid microbial fertilizer described in step 3 is ≥ 50 million / mL, and the preparation method is completed according to the following steps: Cow dung, peanut bran, molasses powder and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:1:10:100 as materials, and then a fermentation agent is added, and aeration and fermentation are continuously performed for 5 days to 20 days to obtain a fermentation product; polyglutamic acid and Trichoderma harzianum dry powder are added to the fermentation product, and the mixture is evenly mixed to obtain a liquid bio-fertilizer.

9. A method for improving saline-alkali land based on functional fulvic acid compound organic fertilizer according to claim 8, characterized in that The mass ratio of the fermentation bacteria to the material is (0.2-0.6):10; the fermentation bacteria are Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Brevibacillus laterosporus and Bacillus megaterium, wherein the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Brevibacillus laterosporus and Bacillus megaterium is (1-2):(1-2):1:

1.

10. The method for improving saline-alkali land based on functional fulvic acid compound organic fertilizer according to claim 8, characterized in that The mass ratio of the Trichoderma harzianum dry powder to the fermentation product is (0.01-0.05):100; the mass ratio of the polyglutamic acid to the fermentation product is (1-5):100.