Method for preventing apple flower buds from being damaged by night frost

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preventing apple flower buds from being damaged by late frost, and belongs to the technical field of apple planting. Before and after the winter solstice, the apple orchard is fully covered with mulching film and soil; the mulching film covered with the soil is covered with straw, and water is sprayed; the agent A is sprayed before the apple germination stage, and the agent B is sprayed before the apple bud stage. According to the method, the black full-biodegradable mulching film is used for full covering before and after the winter solstice, then water is sprayed after straw covering, temperature rise of soil in spring of the next year can be delayed, and then the agent with the proper concentration is sprayed, so that sprouting and blooming of fruit trees can be inhibited to a certain extent. By adopting a mode of combining plastic film mulching, straw mulching, watering and pesticide spraying, the germination time of apple trees and the flowering time of flower buds can be delayed, so that the harm of late frost to the apple flower buds is well avoided, the fruit setting rate and the yield of apples are greatly improved, and the good harvest of the apples is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of apple planting, and in particular relates to a method for preventing apple flower buds from being harmed by late frost. Background Art

[0002] Frost during the budding period of apple trees mostly occurs in the first and middle of April, starting at midnight or early morning. The main types are radiation frost, advection frost and mixed frost. Sudden frost in spring is extremely harmful to fruit trees that have already sprouted, especially those that have budded. During the bud budding period, if the temperature continues to be minus 8°C for 6 hours, the flower buds will be frozen to death; during the bud separation period, if the temperature continues to be minus 7°C for 6 hours, the flower buds will die. After the fruit trees bud, even a short period of low temperature of several hours will cause a large number of flower buds to die. The flower buds that barely survive will have poor quality after flowering and low fruit setting rate, which seriously affects the yield of the year. Therefore, it is urgent to provide a new method to effectively avoid the damage caused by late frost to apple flower buds. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing apple buds from being harmed by late frost.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a method for preventing apple flower buds from being harmed by late frost, comprising the following steps:

[0006] 1) Cover the apple orchard with plastic film and soil around the winter solstice;

[0007] 2) Cover the soil with straw and spray water;

[0008] 3) Spray agent A before the apple bud stage and spray agent B before the apple bud stage.

[0009] Preferably, in step 3), the agent A comprises ingredients in the following concentrations: 0.5-1 g / L methyl naphthylacetate, 0.5-1 g / L flumetrazone and the remainder water; the spraying amount of the agent A is 10-15 L / mu.

[0010] Preferably, in step 3), the agent B comprises ingredients in the following concentrations: 50-100 ppm ethephon, 100-200 ppm abscisic acid, 50-100 ppm methyl jasmonate and the remainder water; the spraying amount of the agent B is 30-50 L / mu.

[0011] Preferably, the mulch film in step 1) is a black fully biodegradable mulch film, and the thickness of the black fully biodegradable mulch film is 0.01 to 0.02 mm.

[0012] Preferably, the thickness of the covering soil in step 1) is 5 to 10 cm.

[0013] Preferably, in step 2), the straw covering thickness is 10 to 20 cm.

[0014] Preferably, the amount of water sprayed in step 2) is 50 to 100 L / mu.

[0015] Preferably, after covering the straw, wooden sticks are used to hold down the straw, and the spacing between the wooden sticks is 1.0 to 1.4 m.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The present invention can delay the temperature rise of the soil in the spring of the second year by covering the ground with black biodegradable mulch before and after the winter solstice, and then watering after covering with straw, and then spraying a suitable concentration of medicine to inhibit the budding and flowering of fruit trees to a certain extent. The combination of mulch covering + straw covering + watering + spraying medicine can delay the budding time of apple trees and the flowering time of flower buds, thereby well avoiding the harm of late frost to apple flower buds, greatly improving the fruit setting rate and yield of apples, and achieving a bumper harvest of apples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention provides a method for preventing apple flower buds from being harmed by late frost, comprising the following steps:

[0019] 1) Cover the apple orchard with plastic film and soil around the winter solstice;

[0020] 2) Cover the soil with straw and spray water;

[0021] 3) Spray agent A before the apple bud stage and spray agent B before the apple bud stage.

[0022] In the present invention, the apple orchard is fully covered with mulch and soil before and after the winter solstice. The time before and after the winter solstice is preferably within five days before and after the winter solstice; the mulch is preferably a black fully biodegradable mulch, and the thickness of the black fully biodegradable mulch is preferably 0.01-0.02 mm, more preferably 0.015 mm; the thickness of the soil is preferably 5-10 cm, more preferably 6-9 cm, and more preferably 8 cm.

[0023] In the present invention, straw is covered on the mulch film and water is sprayed. The thickness of the straw covering is preferably 10 to 20 cm, more preferably 12 to 18 cm, and more preferably 15 cm; after covering the straw, the straw is pressed with wooden sticks, and the spacing between the wooden sticks is preferably 1.0 to 1.4 m, more preferably 1.1 to 1.3 m, and more preferably 1.2 m; the amount of water sprayed is preferably 50 to 100 L / mu, more preferably 60 to 90 L / mu, and more preferably 80 L / mu.

[0024] In the present invention, agent A is sprayed before the apple budding stage, and agent B is sprayed before the apple budding stage. The agent A comprises the following components in concentration: 0.5-1 g / L methyl naphthylacetate, 0.5-1 g / L flumetralin and the balance of water; the concentration of the methyl naphthylacetate is preferably 0.6-0.9 g / L, more preferably 0.75 g / L; the concentration of flumetralin is preferably 0.6-0.9 g / L, more preferably 0.8 g / L; the spraying amount of the agent A is preferably 10-15 L / mu, more preferably 11-14 L / mu, and more preferably 12 L / mu. The agent B includes ingredients in the following concentrations: 50-100 ppm of ethephon, 100-200 ppm of abscisic acid, 50-100 ppm of methyl jasmonate and the remainder of water; the concentration of the ethephon is preferably 60-90 ppm, and more preferably 80 ppm; the concentration of the abscisic acid is preferably 120-180 ppm, and more preferably 150 ppm; the concentration of the methyl jasmonate is preferably 60-90 ppm, and more preferably 75 ppm; the spraying amount of the agent B is preferably 30-50 L / mu, more preferably 35-45 L / mu, and more preferably 40 L / mu.

[0025] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] Within five days before the winter solstice, the debris in the apple orchard was cleared, the ground was raked and leveled, and a black fully biodegradable mulch film (thickness 0.015 mm) was used to cover the ground closely and completely, and the mulch film was compacted with soil, and the thickness of the covering soil was 8 cm; straw was evenly covered on the mulch film after covering the soil, and the covering thickness of the straw was 15 cm, and then water (80 L / mu) was sprinkled to make the straw soaked, and the straw was pressed with wooden sticks, and the spacing between the wooden sticks was 1.2 m; before the apple budding period, agent A (0.75 g / L methyl naphthylacetate, 0.8 g / L flumetralin and the balance of water) was sprayed, and the spraying amount of the agent A was 12 L / mu, and before the apple budding period, agent B (80 ppm ethephon, 150 ppm abscisic acid, 75 ppm methyl jasmonate and the balance of water) was sprayed, and the spraying amount of the agent B was 40 L / mu.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] Within five days before the winter solstice, the debris in the apple orchard was cleared, the ground was raked and leveled, and a black fully biodegradable mulch film (thickness 0.01 mm) was used to cover the ground closely and completely, and the mulch film was compacted with soil, and the thickness of the covering soil was 5 cm; straw was evenly covered on the mulch film after covering the soil, and the covering thickness of the straw was 10 cm, and then water (50 L / mu) was sprinkled to make the straw soaked, and the straw was pressed with wooden sticks, and the row spacing between the wooden sticks was 1.0 m; before the apple budding period, agent A (0.5 g / L methyl naphthylacetate, 0.5 g / L flumetralin and the balance of water) was sprayed, and the spraying amount of the agent A was 10 L / mu, and before the apple budding period, agent B (50 ppm ethephon, 100 ppm abscisic acid, 50 ppm methyl jasmonate and the balance of water) was sprayed, and the spraying amount of the agent B was 30 L / mu.

[0030] Example 3

[0031] Within five days before the winter solstice, the debris in the apple orchard was cleared, the ground was raked and leveled, and a black fully biodegradable mulch film (thickness 0.02 mm) was used to cover the ground closely and completely, and the mulch film was compacted with soil, and the thickness of the covering soil was 10 cm; straw was evenly covered on the mulch film after covering the soil, and the covering thickness of the straw was 20 cm, and then water (100 L / mu) was sprinkled to make the straw soaked, and the straw was pressed with wooden sticks, and the spacing between the wooden sticks was 1.4 m; before the apple budding period, agent A (1 g / L methyl naphthylacetate, 1 g / L flumetralin and the balance of water) was sprayed, and the spraying amount of the agent A was 15 L / mu, and before the apple budding period, agent B (100 ppm ethephon, 200 ppm abscisic acid, 100 ppm methyl jasmonate and the balance of water) was sprayed, and the spraying amount of the agent B was 50 L / mu.

[0032] Comparative Example 1

[0033] The difference from Example 1 is that no black fully biodegradable mulch film is laid.

[0034] Comparative Example 2

[0035] The difference from Example 1 is that the agent A is not sprayed.

[0036] Comparative Example 3

[0037] The difference from Example 1 is that the agent B is not sprayed.

[0038] Comparative Example 4

[0039] The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of watering is 40 L / mu.

[0040] Comparative Example 5

[0041] The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of watering is 150 L / mu.

[0042] Experimental Example 1

[0043] Effects of different treatments on budding of apple trees

[0044] The specific process is as follows:

[0045] Eight groups, A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H, were set up for control experiments. Groups A, B and C were treated by the methods of Examples 1 to 3, respectively. Groups D, E, F and G were treated in the same way as in Example 1, except that the concentrations of methyl naphthylacetate and flumetralin were different. Group H was a water control. Fruit trees were treated according to the above groupings before the apple budding period. The number of buds on the apple trees was counted before treatment. After treatment, the time when the first bud appeared among these buds was counted (calculated from the day of treatment), and 30 days after treatment, the number of buds among these buds was counted, and the budding rate was counted.

[0046] Experimental results: as shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1 Effects of different treatments on budding of apple trees

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] As shown in Table 1, the treatments of Examples 1 to 3 can appropriately delay the time of germination and inhibit bud germination to a certain extent. When the concentrations of methyl naphthylacetate and flumetralin are too low, the effect of inhibiting germination is not significant, and when the concentrations of methyl naphthylacetate and flumetralin are too high, bud germination will be excessively inhibited, which is not conducive to budding, flowering and fruiting in the later stage.

[0051] Experimental Example 2

[0052] Effects of different treatments on apple buds

[0053] The specific process is as follows:

[0054] Ten groups, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J, were set up for control experiments. Among them, groups A, B and C were treated by the methods of Examples 1 to 3 respectively, and the treatment methods of groups D, E, F, G, H and I were the same as those of Example 1, except that the concentrations of ethephon, abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate were different. Group J was a clear water control. Fruit trees were treated according to the above groupings before the apple bud stage, and the time for the first bud to bloom was counted (the number of days was calculated from the day of treatment), and the freezing rate of the buds and the fruit setting rate in the later period were counted. The freezing rate is the percentage of the number of browning apple flowers to the total number of flowers. The fruit setting rate is expressed as the percentage of the number of apple fruits to the total number of flowers.

[0055] Experimental results: as shown in Table 2.

[0056] Table 2 Effects of different treatments on apple buds

[0057]

[0058] As shown in Table 2, the treatment methods of Examples 1 to 3 can significantly prolong the flowering period, greatly reduce the probability of buds being damaged by frost, and significantly increase the fruit setting rate. When the concentration of ethephon, abscisic acid, and methyl jasmonate is too low, the effects of prolonging the flowering period, preventing frost damage, and retaining fruit are not significant. When the concentration of ethephon, abscisic acid, and methyl jasmonate is too high, the cold resistance of the buds is greatly reduced, and the fruit setting ability is also affected.

[0059] Experimental Example 3

[0060] Effects of different treatments on apple yield

[0061] In a short-branch Fuji apple orchard in Guojia Village, Longchuan Town, Tongwei County, Dingxi City, Gansu Province, apple trees were treated according to the methods of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, and other field management was performed according to conventional methods. The yield was calculated after the apples matured. Average yield per mu = average yield per plant × planting density

[0062] Experimental results: as shown in Table 3.

[0063] Table 3 Apple yields under different treatments

[0064] deal with Planting density (trees / acre) Average plant yield (kg) Average yield per mu (kg) Example 1 127 28.44 3611.88 Example 2 127 27.75 3524.25 Example 3 127 27.83 3534.41 Comparative Example 1 127 24.67 3133.09 Comparative Example 2 127 20.04 2545.08 Comparative Example 3 127 18.87 2396.49 Comparative Example 4 127 18.12 2301.24 Comparative Example 5 127 17.58 2232.66

[0065] As shown in Table 3, the yield of apples processed by the methods of Examples 1 to 3 is much higher than that of Comparative Examples 1 to 5. The methods of Examples 1 to 3 can prevent apple buds from being damaged by late frost, thereby increasing the yield of apples.

[0066] In Comparative Example 1, since the black mulch film was not covered, the low temperature in the deep soil layer could not be alleviated by slowly raising the ground temperature, nor could the apple flowering be delayed. Instead, the apple yield was reduced.

[0067] In Example 2, if Agent A is not sprayed, the budding time of the apple trees cannot be extended. In Example 3, if Agent B is not sprayed, the flowering time of the apple trees cannot be delayed, and the flowering time and the arrival time of the late frost cannot be staggered, and the flower buds cannot be prevented from suffering from frost damage, but the apple yield is reduced.

[0068] In comparative example 4, the amount of watering is too little, the straw cannot fully absorb water, the soil moisture content is too low, the ground temperature cannot drop slowly, the tree water cannot be replenished, the ground radiation cannot be reduced, and the increased air temperature is not conducive to delayed flowering; in comparative example 5, the amount of watering is too much, the ground temperature drops rapidly, and the moisture content of the straw is too high, which will inhibit the respiration of the fruit tree roots, which is not conducive to the fruit tree's absorption of nutrients, and instead reduces the apple yield.

[0069] It can be seen from the above embodiments and experimental examples that the present invention adopts a combination of mulching + straw mulching + watering + spraying of pesticides to delay the germination time of apple trees and the flowering time of flower buds, thereby effectively avoiding the harm of late frost to apple flower buds, greatly improving the fruit setting rate and yield of apples, and achieving a good harvest of apples.

[0070] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for protecting apple buds from late frost damage, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Cover the apple orchard with plastic film and soil around the winter solstice; 2) Cover the soil with straw and spray water; 3) Spray agent A before the apple bud stage and spray agent B before the apple bud stage.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step 3) The agent A comprises the following components in concentrations: 0.5-1 g / L methyl naphthylacetate, 0.5-1 g / L flumetrazone and the remainder water; the spraying amount of the agent A is 10-15 L / mu.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step 3) The agent B comprises the following components in concentrations: 50-100 ppm ethephon, 100-200 ppm abscisic acid, 50-100 ppm methyl jasmonate and the remainder water; the spraying amount of the agent B is 30-50 L / mu.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1) The mulch film is a black fully biodegradable mulch film, and the thickness of the black fully biodegradable mulch film is 0.01-0.02 mm.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step 1) The width of the covering soil is 5 to 10 cm.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step 2) The straw covering thickness is 10 to 20 cm.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step 2) The amount of water sprayed is 50 to 100 L / mu.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After the straw is covered, wooden sticks are used to press the straw, and the row spacing of the wooden sticks is 1.0 to 1.4 m.

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