Planting method for improving dendrobe quality and preventing and treating epidemic diseases

Abstract

The invention provides a planting method for improving the quality of dendrobium nobile and preventing and treating epidemic diseases, which comprises the following steps: (1) soaking dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings in a soaking solution, and then transplanting the dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings; (2) performing field management after transplanting, wherein the field management comprises fertilization management; during fertilization management, a compound fertilizer is applied; the soaking solution is an aqueous solution containing a dendrobium officinale extract and a wormwood extract; the compound fertilizer is obtained by taking wormwood straws, wormcast and pleurotus eryngii mushroom dregs as fermentation substrates, spraying the soaking solution on a fermentation product, inoculating a bacillus subtilis strain H728 and carrying out stack retting fermentation. By means of the planting method, the polysaccharide content and the protein content of the obtained dendrobium nobile can be greatly increased, the plant height, the diameter and the fresh weight shape level of the dendrobium nobile are increased, and the quality of the dendrobium nobile is improved; meanwhile, the disease index of related epidemic diseases is also greatly reduced by the planting method disclosed by the invention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a planting method for improving the quality of dendrobium and preventing and controlling diseases. Background Art

[0002] Dendrobium is mainly distributed in China, Nepal, India and other places. It likes warm, humid and relatively cool environment. It can be used as a traditional Chinese medicine, which has the effects of promoting fluid production and benefiting the stomach, nourishing yin and clearing away heat. At present, Dendrobium is listed as an endangered plant in the "Red Data of Chinese Plants", as vulnerable in the "Red List of China's Biodiversity (Higher Plants)", and as a Class II key protected wild plant in China's "National Key Protected Wild Plants". Therefore, how to efficiently grow it is not only a demand for stabilizing the market of traditional Chinese medicine, but also very necessary from the perspective of protecting plant diversity.

[0003] At present, the research on artificial cultivation technology of Dendrobium is still in its early stages, and there are relatively few related results. For sporadic review reports, see the paper "Analysis of Ecological Cultivation and Pharmacological Application of Dendrobium Officinale" published by Zhang Junting, and the paper "Research Progress on the Effect of Cultivation Matrix on Growth and Quality of Dendrobium Officinale" published by Zhang Lulu et al. By consulting the literature reports in this field, it can be seen that people have not yet found a good solution on how to improve the quality of Dendrobium and reduce the incidence of diseases by improving the cultivation method. Specifically, the existing solutions can either only improve the quality of Dendrobium (such as polysaccharide content) or only prevent and treat diseases. It is difficult to prevent and treat diseases well while improving the quality.

[0004] In addition, although some planting plans for Dendrobium candidum have certain effects, the planting cost is relatively high, which is reflected in the high production cost of fertilizers or the complex planting management methods. Generally speaking, using crop waste (such as straw), animal excrement, and food waste (such as fungus residue) to prepare organic fertilizer and use it for the planting of related crops is a low-cost and high-effective method.

[0005] At present, there are many application schemes for common straws (such as rape straw and corn straw), but there are relatively few studies on mugwort straw. Therefore, whether mugwort straw can be used in the cultivation of Dendrobium is also a topic worth studying. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a planting method that can simultaneously improve the quality of Dendrobium and have a good disease prevention and control effect, and the method can improve the economic value of Dendrobium planting.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A planting method for improving the quality of dendrobium and preventing and controlling diseases, the planting method comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) placing the dendrobium tissue culture seedlings in a soaking solution and then transplanting them;

[0010] (2) Field management is carried out after transplanting, which includes fertilization management; during fertilization management, compound fertilizer is applied;

[0011] The soaking liquid is an aqueous solution comprising a Dendrobium officinale extract and an Artemisia argyi extract;

[0012] The compound fertilizer is obtained by using mugwort straw, earthworm castings and Pleurotus eryngii residue as fermentation substrates, spraying the fermented product with the soaking liquid, inoculating Bacillus subtilis strain H728, and performing composting and fermentation.

[0013] Preferably, in step (1), the weight ratio of the Dendrobium officinale extract to the Artemisia argyi extract in the soaking solution is 1:8-12.

[0014] Preferably, in the soaking liquid, the content of the mixture of Dendrobium officinale extract and Artemisia argyi extract is 20wt%.

[0015] Preferably, in step (1), the transplanting is carried out into the gaps of the matrix pine bark.

[0016] Preferably, when preparing the compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of wormwood straw, earthworm castings and Pleurotus eryngii residue is 1:6:18.

[0017] Preferably, when preparing the compound fertilizer, when the fermentation liquid is sprayed on the fermentation substrate, the weight ratio of the soaking liquid to the fermentation substrate is 1:30.

[0018] Preferably, when preparing the compound fertilizer, the inoculation amount of Bacillus subtilis strain H728 is 5%.

[0019] Preferably, when preparing the compound fertilizer, the temperature of composting and fermentation does not exceed 60°C.

[0020] Preferably, when performing fertilization management, the compound fertilizer is applied once every two months, 150 g / m2 each time.

[0021] Preferably, field management also includes watering management, temperature management and light management; when performing watering management, the moisture content of the substrate is controlled at 55±3%; when performing temperature management, the greenhouse temperature is controlled at 20-25°C; when performing light management, a shade net with a shading degree of 70%-80% is used in summer, and a shade net with a shading degree of 40%-50% is used in winter.

[0022] As shown in the embodiments and experimental examples of the present invention, the inventors found that they could not obtain good technical effects by using only wormwood extract (whether as a soaking liquid for tissue culture seedlings or for preparing compound fertilizer) during the trial and error process. In an accident, the inventors mixed the Dendrobium officinale extract used for other studies with the wormwood extract and found that the survival rate of transplanted seedlings could be significantly improved. Inspired for the first time, the inventors used it for doping with fermentation substrates, and also found that after doping with the Dendrobium officinale extract, the resulting fermentation product was excellent in quality and disease prevention and control effects on Dendrobium.

[0023] On the basis of the above research results, the inventor explored the planting effects of other solutions. As shown in the relevant comparative examples, the combination of wormwood straw extract and Dendrobium officinale extract is crucial.

[0024] In addition, it is worth pointing out that when conventional commercial fermentation agents are used, the technical effect obtained also shows a significant decline. Therefore, the selection of fermentation bacteria is also crucial.

[0025] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0026] The planting method of the present invention can significantly increase the polysaccharide content and protein content of the obtained dendrobium, and improve the plant height, diameter, fresh weight and shape of the dendrobium, thereby improving the quality of the dendrobium; at the same time, the planting method of the present invention also greatly reduces the disease index of related diseases. Therefore, the present invention improves the economic value of the planting of dendrobium as a whole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is described in detail below through examples. It is necessary to point out that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made by technical personnel in this field based on the above invention content still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] 1. Preparation of soaking solution:

[0030] The Dendrobium officinale extract and the Artemisia argyi straw extract were mixed in a weight ratio of 1:10, and sterile water was added to prepare an aqueous solution with a mixture content of the two extracts of 20 wt%.

[0031] Among them, the preparation method of Dendrobium officinale extract is as follows: dry the whole fresh Dendrobium herb in the shade, cut it into pieces, add water in a weight ratio of 1:15, extract at 95°C for 2 hours, take the filtrate, and discard the residue; add water 8 times the weight of the residue to the residue, extract at 95°C for 2 hours, take the filtrate, and combine the two extraction filtrates; rotary evaporate the filtrate to obtain an extract, place the extract in an oven to dry, and grind the dried product into powder to obtain the extract.

[0032] The preparation method of mugwort straw extract is as follows: crush the mugwort straw, add water in a weight ratio of 1:10, extract at 95°C for 2 hours, take the filtrate, and discard the residue; add water 8 times the weight of the residue to the residue, extract at 95°C for 2 hours, take the filtrate, and combine the two extraction filtrates; rotary evaporate the filtrate to obtain an extract, place the extract in an oven to dry, and grind the dried product into powder to obtain the extract.

[0033] 2. Preparation of compound fertilizer:

[0034] According to the weight ratio of 1:8:15, mugwort straw, earthworm castings and Pleurotus eryngii residue are used as fermentation substrates; while the substrate is being turned over for fermentation, the soaking liquid obtained in the first part is evenly sprayed thereon, and the weight ratio of the soaking liquid to the fermentation substrate is 1:30; then, Bacillus subtilis strain H728 (with a preservation number of CGMCC No.0912, purchased from the General Microbiology Center of China Microbiological Culture Collection Committee) is inoculated with an inoculation amount of 5%, and the compost is fermented for 60 days, during which the compost is turned over in time to ensure that the material temperature does not exceed 60°C, so as to obtain a compound fertilizer.

[0035] 3. Cultivation of Dendrobium:

[0036] (1) Take out the tissue cultured Dendrobium officinale seedlings, wash the culture medium at the bottom, soak the whole plant in the soaking solution for 15 minutes, remove the moisture from the roots, and transplant them into the gaps of the substrate pine bark according to a row spacing of 15 cm × 15 cm;

[0037] (2) After transplanting, carry out watering management, fertilization management, temperature management and light management;

[0038] The watering management method is as follows: immediately after transplanting, the dendrobium seedlings are sprayed with water to penetrate the roots to ensure that the water content of the substrate is 55%, and then watered once every three days in January-March, once a day in April-June, once every five days in July-September, and once every two days in September-December. The watering standard is to make the water content of the substrate 55±3%;

[0039] The method of fertilization management is: apply compound fertilizer once every two months, 150g / square meter each time;

[0040] The method of light management is: in the greenhouse, a shade net with a shading degree of 70% to 80% is used in the summer, and a shade net with a shading degree of 40% to 50% is used in the winter;

[0041] The temperature management method is: the temperature in the greenhouse is 20-25℃;

[0042] Harvest after two years.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that in the soaking liquid, the weight ratio of Dendrobium officinale extract and wormwood straw extract is 1:12; when preparing the fermentation substrate, the weight ratio of wormwood straw, earthworm castings and Pleurotus eryngii residue is 1:6:12.

[0045] 1. Preparation of soaking solution:

[0046] The Dendrobium officinale extract and the Artemisia argyi straw extract were mixed in a weight ratio of 1:12, and sterile water was added to prepare an aqueous solution with a mixture content of the two extracts of 20 wt%.

[0047] Among them, the preparation method of Dendrobium officinale extract is as follows: dry the whole fresh Dendrobium herb in the shade, cut it into pieces, add water in a weight ratio of 1:15, extract at 95°C for 2 hours, take the filtrate, and discard the residue; add water 8 times the weight of the residue to the residue, extract at 95°C for 2 hours, take the filtrate, and combine the two extraction filtrates; rotary evaporate the filtrate to obtain an extract, place the extract in an oven to dry, and grind the dried product into powder to obtain the extract.

[0048] The preparation method of mugwort straw extract is as follows: crush the mugwort straw, add water in a weight ratio of 1:10, extract at 95°C for 2 hours, take the filtrate, and discard the residue; add water 8 times the weight of the residue to the residue, extract at 95°C for 2 hours, take the filtrate, and combine the two extraction filtrates; rotary evaporate the filtrate to obtain an extract, place the extract in an oven to dry, and grind the dried product into powder to obtain the extract.

[0049] 2. Preparation of compound fertilizer:

[0050] According to the weight ratio of 1:6:12, mugwort straw, earthworm castings and Pleurotus eryngii residue are used as fermentation substrates; while the substrate is being turned over for fermentation, the soaking liquid obtained in the first part is evenly sprayed thereon, and the weight ratio of the soaking liquid to the fermentation substrate is 1:30; then, Bacillus subtilis strain H728 (with a preservation number of CGMCC No.0912, purchased from the General Microbiology Center of China Microbiological Culture Collection Committee) is inoculated with an inoculation amount of 5%, and the compost is fermented for 60 days, during which the compost is turned over in time to ensure that the material temperature does not exceed 60°C, so as to obtain a compound fertilizer.

[0051] 3. Cultivation of Dendrobium:

[0052] (1) Take out the tissue cultured Dendrobium officinale seedlings, wash the culture medium at the bottom, soak the whole plant in the soaking solution for 15 minutes, remove the moisture from the roots, and transplant them into the gaps of the substrate pine bark according to a row spacing of 15 cm × 15 cm;

[0053] (2) After transplanting, carry out watering management, fertilization management, temperature management and light management;

[0054] The watering management method is as follows: immediately after transplanting, the dendrobium seedlings are sprayed with water to penetrate the roots to ensure that the water content of the substrate is 55%, and then watered once every three days in January-March, once a day in April-June, once every five days in July-September, and once every two days in September-December. The watering standard is to make the water content of the substrate 55±3%;

[0055] The method of fertilization management is: apply compound fertilizer once every two months, 150g / square meter each time;

[0056] The method of light management is: in the greenhouse, a shade net with a shading degree of 70% to 80% is used in the summer, and a shade net with a shading degree of 40% to 50% is used in the winter;

[0057] The temperature management method is: the temperature in the greenhouse is 20-25℃;

[0058] Harvest after two years.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that in the soaking liquid, the weight ratio of Dendrobium officinale extract and wormwood straw extract is 1:8; when preparing the fermentation substrate, the weight ratio of wormwood straw, earthworm castings and Pleurotus eryngii residue is 1:10:18.

[0061] 1. Preparation of soaking solution:

[0062] The Dendrobium officinale extract and the Artemisia argyi straw extract were mixed in a weight ratio of 1:8, and sterile water was added to prepare an aqueous solution with a mixture content of the two extracts of 20 wt%.

[0063] Among them, the preparation method of Dendrobium officinale extract is as follows: dry the whole fresh Dendrobium herb in the shade, cut it into pieces, add water in a weight ratio of 1:15, extract at 95°C for 2 hours, take the filtrate, and discard the residue; add water 8 times the weight of the residue to the residue, extract at 95°C for 2 hours, take the filtrate, and combine the two extraction filtrates; rotary evaporate the filtrate to obtain an extract, place the extract in an oven to dry, and grind the dried product into powder to obtain the extract.

[0064] The preparation method of mugwort straw extract is as follows: crush the mugwort straw, add water in a weight ratio of 1:10, extract at 95°C for 2 hours, take the filtrate, and discard the residue; add water 8 times the weight of the residue to the residue, extract at 95°C for 2 hours, take the filtrate, and combine the two extraction filtrates; rotary evaporate the filtrate to obtain an extract, place the extract in an oven to dry, and grind the dried product into powder to obtain the extract.

[0065] 2. Preparation of compound fertilizer:

[0066] According to the weight ratio of 1:10:18, mugwort straw, earthworm castings and Pleurotus eryngii residue are used as fermentation substrates; while the substrate is being turned over for fermentation, the soaking liquid obtained in the first part is evenly sprayed thereon, and the weight ratio of the soaking liquid to the fermentation substrate is 1:30; then, Bacillus subtilis strain H728 (with a preservation number of CGMCC No.0912, purchased from the General Microbiology Center of China Microbiological Culture Collection Committee) is inoculated with an inoculation amount of 5%, and the compost is fermented for 60 days, during which the compost is turned over in time to ensure that the material temperature does not exceed 60°C, so as to obtain a compound fertilizer.

[0067] 3. Cultivation of Dendrobium:

[0068] (1) Take out the tissue cultured Dendrobium officinale seedlings, wash the culture medium at the bottom, soak the whole plant in the soaking solution for 15 minutes, remove the moisture from the roots, and transplant them into the gaps of the substrate pine bark according to a row spacing of 15 cm × 15 cm;

[0069] (2) After transplanting, carry out watering management, fertilization management, temperature management and light management;

[0070] The watering management method is as follows: immediately after transplanting, the dendrobium seedlings are sprayed with water to penetrate the roots to ensure that the water content of the substrate is 55%, and then watered once every three days in January-March, once a day in April-June, once every five days in July-September, and once every two days in September-December. The watering standard is to make the water content of the substrate 55±3%;

[0071] The method of fertilization management is: apply compound fertilizer once every two months, 150g / square meter each time;

[0072] The method of light management is: in the greenhouse, a shade net with a shading degree of 70% to 80% is used in the summer, and a shade net with a shading degree of 40% to 50% is used in the winter;

[0073] The temperature management method is: the temperature in the greenhouse is 20-25℃;

[0074] Harvest after two years.

[0075] Comparative Example 1

[0076] Compared with Example 1, the Dendrobium officinale extract is not added to the soaking liquid, so that when the tissue culture seedlings are soaked, the soaking liquid does not contain the Dendrobium officinale extract, and when the fermentation liquid is sprayed on the fermentation substrate, it also does not contain the Dendrobium officinale extract.

[0077] Comparative Example 2

[0078] Compared with Example 1, the wormwood straw extract is not added to the soaking liquid, so that when the tissue culture seedlings are soaked, the soaking liquid does not contain the Dendrobium officinale extract, and when the fermentation liquid is sprayed on the fermentation substrate, it also does not contain the wormwood straw extract.

[0079] Comparative Example 3

[0080] The fermentation bacteria used were commercially available fermentation agents (BIOFORM / Biwofeng compost fermentation agent, Biwofeng Biotechnology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd.), and the rest were the same as in Example 1.

[0081] Comparative Example 4

[0082] When preparing the compound fertilizer, the Pleurotus eryngii residue was replaced with rape straw, and the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0083] Experimental Example 1

[0084] This experimental example investigates the survival rate of transplantation. The results are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, Examples 1-3 are represented by soaking the tissue culture seedlings for 15 minutes using the method in step (1) of Examples 1-3, and then transplanting; Control Group 1 is soaking the tissue culture seedlings for 15 minutes using 0.1% thiophanate-methyl solution, and then transplanting; Control Group 2 is compared with Example 1, except that the Dendrobium officinale extract is not added when the tissue culture seedlings are soaked; Control Group 3 is compared with Example 1, except that the Artemisia argyi straw extract is not added when the tissue culture seedlings are soaked.

[0085] Table 1

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] Experimental Example 2

[0089] After two years of cultivation of Dendrobium officinale using Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4, the quality characteristics of Dendrobium officinale cultivation were investigated, including polysaccharide content, protein content, average plant height, average root diameter, and average root length. A scheme using farmyard manure (human and animal feces) as fertilization was used as a control group.

[0090] Table 2

[0091]

[0092] Experimental Example 3

[0093] This experiment investigated the prevention and control of diseases during the cultivation of Dendrobium officinale.

[0094] During the two-year process of planting Dendrobium officinale, the disease situation was investigated and the disease index was calculated. It was divided into 4 levels according to the severity of the disease: Level 0, healthy seedlings; Level 1, at least 25% of the leaves died; Level 2, 26% to 50% of the leaves died; Level 3, 51% to 75% of the leaves died; Level 4, 76% to 100% of the leaves died. Disease index = [∑ (number of diseased plants at each level × corresponding representative value of each level) / (total number of plants surveyed × representative value of the highest level of disease)] × 100.

[0095] Table 3

[0096]

[0097]

Claims

1. A planting method for improving the quality of dendrobium and preventing and controlling diseases, characterized in that: The planting method comprises the following steps: (1) placing the dendrobium tissue culture seedlings in a soaking solution and then transplanting them; (2) Field management is carried out after transplanting, which includes fertilization management; during fertilization management, compound fertilizer is applied; The soaking liquid is an aqueous solution comprising a Dendrobium officinale extract and an Artemisia argyi extract; The compound fertilizer is obtained by using mugwort straw, earthworm castings and Pleurotus eryngii residue as fermentation substrates, spraying the fermented product with the soaking liquid, inoculating Bacillus subtilis strain H728, and performing composting and fermentation.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the weight ratio of the Dendrobium officinale extract to the Artemisia argyi extract in the soaking liquid is 1:8-12.

3. The planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the soaking liquid, the content of the mixture of Dendrobium officinale extract and Artemisia argyi extract is 20wt%.

4. The planting method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: In step (1), when transplanting, the plants are transplanted into the gaps of the pine bark of the matrix.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When preparing the compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of wormwood straw, earthworm castings and Pleurotus eryngii residue is 1:6:

18.

6. The planting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When preparing the compound fertilizer, when the fermentation liquid is sprayed on the fermentation substrate, the weight ratio of the soaking liquid to the fermentation substrate is 1:

30.

7. The planting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: When preparing the compound fertilizer, the inoculation amount of the Bacillus subtilis strain H728 is 5%.

8. The planting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: When preparing the compound fertilizer, the temperature of composting and fermentation does not exceed 60°C.

9. The planting method according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that: When performing fertilization management, the compound fertilizer was applied once every two months, 150 g / m2 each time.

10. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Field management also includes watering management, temperature management and light management; when conducting watering management, the moisture content of the substrate is controlled at 55±3%; when conducting temperature management, the greenhouse temperature is controlled at 20-25°C; when conducting light management, a shade net with a shading degree of 70%-80% is used in summer, and a shade net with a shading degree of 40%-50% is used in winter.

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