Feed additive as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of feed product processing, and provides a feed additive as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The feed additive provided by the invention is prepared by the following steps: cleaning and cutting seaweed, performing enzymolysis, treating and fermenting stems and leaves of plants such as suaeda glauca, performing enzymolysis again, performing combined fermentation, drying, crushing and the like. In the preparation process, seaweed and various crops are treated through enzymolysis and fermentation, active ingredients are efficiently dissolved out, the salt content is reduced, and the growth speed and disease resistance of the feed additive to livestock, poultry and aquatic animals are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of feed product processing, and in particular relates to a feed additive, a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the breeding process of aquatic products, livestock and poultry, their production speed and disease resistance are two particularly important indicators. At present, the improvement of these two indicators is mainly achieved by feeding feed and feed additives. How to improve the growth rate and disease resistance of aquatic animals, livestock and poultry products through reasonable and appropriate feed or feed additives has always been a key issue of concern in the breeding industry.

[0003] Seaweed is a rich marine product that is rich in polysaccharides, proteins, and trace elements. It can be used as a nutritional supplement for feed. However, if seaweed powder is fed directly, on the one hand, its palatability is not ideal, and on the other hand, other active ingredients are difficult to fully dissolve for absorption by the feed.

[0004] In addition, plants such as Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum, and Sesbania sesbania are abundant and easy to obtain, rich in protein, and also contain trace elements such as calcium, potassium, and selenium. The above-mentioned plants are often difficult to use, resulting in a large amount of resource waste. Their tender leaves can often be directly fed to sheep or cattle as forage, but as they grow, their palatability is not strong. In addition, due to the relatively high salt content in the above-mentioned plants, they are not suitable for feeding livestock or aquatic products in large quantities.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to utilize the above raw materials and convert them into feed additives with good palatability and active ingredients that are easily absorbed by livestock, poultry or aquatic animals. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a feed additive, which can fully dissolve the active ingredients of seaweed and alkali sedge, switchgrass, and sesbania crops through enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, reduce the salt content of the enzymatic hydrolyzate, and improve the safety and absorption efficiency of the feed additive, thereby significantly improving the growth rate and disease resistance of livestock and aquatic animals.

[0007] The scheme of the present invention is:

[0008] A feed additive is prepared from the stems and leaves of seaweed, Suaeda salsa, switchgrass and Sesbania sesbania as raw materials;

[0009] wherein, the seaweed is subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain a first enzymatic hydrolyzate;

[0010] The stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania are first fermented and then enzymolyzed to obtain a second enzymolyzate;

[0011] Then the first enzymolysis liquid is combined with the second enzymolysis liquid, fermented, concentrated, dried and crushed to obtain the feed additive.

[0012] The preparation method of the above feed additive comprises the following steps:

[0013] (1) cleaning the seaweed, cutting it into sections, adding water, beating it to form a paste, and then adding a composite enzyme for enzymolysis to obtain a first enzymatic hydrolyzate; the composite enzyme comprises: cellulase, hemicellulase, alginate lyase, and alkaline protease, and the weight ratios thereof are 3-5:1-2:1-2:1-2, respectively;

[0014] (2) taking the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania, cutting them into segments and beating them into pulp; adding Bacillus subtilis and fermenting them to obtain a fermentation liquid; the weight ratio of the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania is 3-6:3-5:1-2;

[0015] (3) taking the fermentation liquid in (2), adding cellulase, performing enzymatic hydrolysis, and obtaining a second enzymatic hydrolyzate;

[0016] (4) taking the first enzymatic hydrolysate after the enzyme inactivation in (1) and the second enzymatic hydrolysate in (3), combining them, adding Bacillus velezensis K24, and fermenting to obtain a fermentation liquid;

[0017] (5) The fermentation liquid in (4) is concentrated, dried, and crushed to obtain a feed additive.

[0018] Preferably, in (1), the seaweed is any one of brown algae, kelp, wakame, hijiki, and enteromorpha;

[0019] The weight ratio of seaweed to water is 1:2-4;

[0020] The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions are as follows: the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 45-55°C, the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 30-50 minutes, and the enzyme is inactivated at 95°C for 10 minutes after the enzymatic hydrolysis; the dosage of the complex enzyme is 2-6% of the weight of the paste;

[0021] Cellulase 200,000 U / g, hemicellulase 30,000 U / g, alginate lyase 20,000 U / mL, alkaline protease 100,000 U / g; the weight ratio of cellulase, hemicellulase, alginate lyase and alkaline protease is 4:1:1:1, respectively.

[0022] Preferably, in (2), the weight ratio of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania stems and leaves is 5:4:2; and the fermentation conditions of Bacillus subtilis are: fermentation at 35-40°C for 4-6 hours.

[0023] Preferably, the conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis (3) are: the dosage of cellulase is 2-5% of the weight of the fermentation liquid, the cellulase is 200,000 U / g, the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 30-50 min at 45-55°C, and the enzyme is inactivated at 95°C for 10 min after enzymatic hydrolysis.

[0024] Preferably, the weight ratio of the first enzymatic hydrolysate to the second enzymatic hydrolysate is 2:3-8; the fermentation temperature of Bacillus velezensis K24 is 35-40°C, and the fermentation time is 6-10 hours; the classification name of the Bacillus velezensis K24 is Bacillus velezensis, which is preserved in Guangdong Microbiological Culture Collection Center with a preservation number of GDMCC NO.64095;

[0025] (5), concentrated to 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the original volume, and dried to a moisture content of less than 2%.

[0026] Feeds containing the above-mentioned feed additives are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The feed additive production line matched with the above method includes the following structure:

[0028] Seaweed cleaning machine, cutting machine, pulping machine 1 (1.0), pulping machine 2 (1.01), first enzymolysis tank (1.1), second enzymolysis tank (1.2), first fermentation tank (2.1), second fermentation tank (2.2), concentration device, drying device, pulverizer;

[0029] A beater 1 (1.0) is arranged on one side of the first enzymatic hydrolysis tank (1.1);

[0030] The first fermentation tank (2.1) and the second pulper (1.01) are sequentially arranged on one side of the second enzymolysis tank (1.2); the second enzymolysis tank (1.2) is connected to the first fermentation tank (2.1), and the first fermentation tank (2.1) is connected to the second pulper (1.01);

[0031] The outlet end of the first enzymolysis tank (1.1) and the outlet end of the second enzymolysis tank (1.2) are joined via a delivery pipe (3.0); the output end of the delivery pipe (3.0) is connected to the second fermentation tank (2.2); the second fermentation tank (2.2) is connected to a concentration device; a drying device is provided on one side of the concentration device; and a pulverizer is provided on one side of the drying device.

[0032] The application of the feed additive prepared by the above method in aquaculture, livestock and poultry, such as application in fish breeding, application in laying hen and broiler breeding, is also the key content to be protected by the present invention.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0034] (1) The seaweed product is enzymatically hydrolyzed so that the active ingredients therein are fully dissolved and easily absorbed by livestock, poultry or aquatic animals;

[0035] (2) For crops such as Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum, and Sesbania truncatum, the stems and leaves of the above crops are first degraded by fermentation through microorganisms, which facilitates the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis; and then the active ingredients are dissolved by enzymatic hydrolysis;

[0036] (3) For the enzymatic hydrolysates of seaweed and crops such as Suaeda salsa, switchgrass, and Sesbania, further fermentation with Bacillus Velezii can consume the salt therein, reduce the salt content in the enzymatic hydrolysate, and improve the safety of feed additives;

[0037] (4) The feed additive prepared by the method of the present invention not only has a significant effect on improving the growth rate of livestock, poultry and aquatic animals, but also can effectively improve their disease resistance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 The feed additive preparation production line workflow diagram of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 The overall structure of the feed additive production line of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0040] Figure 3 The overall structure of the feed additive production line of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0041] Figure 4 It is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the feed additive preparation production line of the present invention.

[0042] Reference numerals:

[0043] 1.0, Beater 1; 1.00, Beater 1 Imported

[0044] 1.1, first enzymolysis tank; 1.1.1, enzymolysis tank body 1; 1.1.2, heating base 1; 1.1.20, supporting leg 1; 1.1.10, first feed pipe; 1.1.11, second feed pipe;

[0045] 1.2, second enzymolysis tank; 1.2.1, second enzymolysis tank body; 1.2.2, second heating base; 1.2.20, second supporting leg; 1.2.10, third feed pipe; 1.2.11, fourth feed pipe;

[0046] 1.01, Beater 2; 1.010, Beater 2 imported;

[0047] 2.1, first fermentation tank; 2.10, electric heating wire 1; 2.11, third motor; 2.100, first fermentation inlet;

[0048] 2.2, second fermentation tank; 20.10, second heating wire; 20.11, fourth motor; 2.200, second fermentation inlet;

[0049] 3.0 Transportation pipeline: 3.1, transportation pipeline 1; 3.2, transportation pipeline 2; 3.3, transportation pipeline 3;

[0050] 4.1, delivery pump 1; 4.2, delivery pump 2; 4.3, delivery pump 3; 4.4, delivery pump 4;

[0051] 5.1, Motor 1; 50.1, Motor 2

[0052] 6.1. One temperature sensor; 6.2. One control box; 6.3. One display screen; 6.4. One revolving door; 6.5. One exhaust valve;

[0053] 6.10, temperature sensor 2; 6.20, control box 2; 6.30, display screen 2; 6.40, revolving door 2; 6.50, exhaust valve 2;

[0054] 7. Temperature sensor; 70. Exhaust valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention is further described in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] A method for preparing a feed additive comprises the following steps:

[0058] (1) cleaning the seaweed, cutting it into sections, adding water, wherein the weight ratio of the seaweed to the water is 1:3, beating the seaweed to form a paste, and then adding a composite enzyme for enzymolysis to obtain a first enzymolysis solution; the composite enzyme comprises: cellulase, hemicellulase, alginate lyase, and alkaline protease, wherein the weight ratios thereof are 4:1:1:1, respectively;

[0059] The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions are as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 50°C, enzymatic hydrolysis time 40 min, enzyme inactivation at 95°C for 10 min after enzymatic hydrolysis; the amount of complex enzyme used is 4% of the weight of the paste;

[0060] Cellulase 200,000 U / g, hemicellulase 30,000 U / g, alginate lyase 20,000 U / mL, alkaline protease 100,000 U / g;

[0061] (2) taking the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania, cutting them into segments and beating them into pulp; adding Bacillus subtilis and fermenting them to obtain a fermentation liquid; the weight ratio of the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania is 5:4:2;

[0062] (3) taking the fermentation liquid in (2), adding cellulase, enzymolysis, and obtaining a second enzymolysis liquid; the amount of cellulase used is 4% of the weight of the fermentation liquid, the cellulase is 200,000 U / g, the enzymolysis time is 40 minutes at 55° C., and after the enzymolysis, the enzyme is inactivated at 95° C. for 10 minutes;

[0063] (4) taking the first enzymatic hydrolysate after enzyme inactivation in (1) and the second enzymatic hydrolysate in (3), combining them, adding Bacillus Velez K24, fermenting, and obtaining a fermentation liquid; the weight ratio of the first enzymatic hydrolysate to the second enzymatic hydrolysate is 2:5; the fermentation temperature of Bacillus Velez K24 is 37° C., and the fermentation time is 8 hours;

[0064] (5) The fermentation liquid in (4) is concentrated to 1 / 2 of its original volume, dried to a moisture content of less than 2%, and crushed to obtain a feed additive.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] A method for preparing a feed additive comprises the following steps:

[0067] (1) cleaning the seaweed, cutting it into sections, adding water, wherein the weight ratio of the seaweed to the water is 1:2, beating the seaweed to form a paste, and then adding a composite enzyme for enzymolysis to obtain a first enzymatic hydrolyzate; the composite enzyme comprises: cellulase, hemicellulase, alginate lyase, and alkaline protease, wherein the weight ratios thereof are 4:1:1:1, respectively;

[0068] The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions are as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 45°C, enzymatic hydrolysis time 30 min, enzyme inactivation at 95°C for 10 min after enzymatic hydrolysis; the amount of complex enzyme used is 2% of the weight of the paste;

[0069] Cellulase 200,000 U / g, hemicellulase 30,000 U / g, alginate lyase 20,000 U / mL, alkaline protease 100,000 U / g;

[0070] (2) taking the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania, cutting them into segments and beating them into pulp; adding Bacillus subtilis and fermenting them to obtain a fermentation liquid; the weight ratio of the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania is 3:4:1;

[0071] (3) taking the fermentation liquid in (2), adding cellulase, performing enzymolysis, and obtaining a second enzymolysis liquid; the amount of cellulase used is 2% of the weight of the fermentation liquid, the cellulase is 200,000 U / g, the enzymolysis time is 40 min at 55° C., and after the enzymolysis, the enzyme is inactivated at 95° C. for 10 min;

[0072] (4) taking the first enzymatic hydrolysate after the enzyme inactivation in (1) and the second enzymatic hydrolysate in (3), combining them, adding Bacillus Velez K24, fermenting, and obtaining a fermentation liquid; the weight ratio of the first enzymatic hydrolysate to the second enzymatic hydrolysate is 2:3; the fermentation temperature of Bacillus Velez K24 is 37° C., and the fermentation time is 6 hours;

[0073] (5) The fermentation liquid in (4) is concentrated to 1 / 2 of its original volume, dried to a moisture content of less than 2%, and crushed to obtain a feed additive.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] A method for preparing a feed additive comprises the following steps:

[0076] (1) cleaning the seaweed, cutting it into sections, adding water, wherein the weight ratio of the seaweed to the water is 1:2, beating the seaweed to form a paste, and then adding a composite enzyme for enzymolysis to obtain a first enzymatic hydrolyzate; the composite enzyme comprises: cellulase, hemicellulase, alginate lyase, and alkaline protease, wherein the weight ratios thereof are 4:2:1:2, respectively;

[0077] The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions are as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 55°C, enzymatic hydrolysis time 50 min, enzyme inactivation at 95°C for 10 min after enzymatic hydrolysis; the amount of complex enzyme used is 6% of the weight of the paste;

[0078] Cellulase 200,000 U / g, hemicellulase 30,000 U / g, alginate lyase 20,000 U / mL, alkaline protease 100,000 U / g;

[0079] (2) taking the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania, cutting them into segments and beating them into pulp; adding Bacillus subtilis and fermenting them to obtain a fermentation liquid; the weight ratio of the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania is 3:4:2;

[0080] (3) taking the fermentation liquid in (2), adding cellulase, performing enzymolysis, and obtaining a second enzymolysis liquid; the amount of cellulase used is 3% of the weight of the fermentation liquid, the cellulase is 200,000 U / g, the enzymolysis time is 40 min at 55° C., and after the enzymolysis, the enzyme is inactivated at 95° C. for 10 min;

[0081] (4) taking the first enzymatic hydrolysate after the enzyme inactivation in (1) and the second enzymatic hydrolysate in (3), combining them, adding Bacillus Velez K24, fermenting, and obtaining a fermentation liquid; the weight ratio of the first enzymatic hydrolysate to the second enzymatic hydrolysate is 2:4; the fermentation temperature of Bacillus Velez K24 is 37° C., and the fermentation time is 7 hours;

[0082] (5) The fermentation liquid in (4) is concentrated to 1 / 3 of the original volume, dried to a moisture content of less than 2%, and crushed to obtain a feed additive.

[0083] Example 4

[0084] A method for preparing a feed additive comprises the following steps:

[0085] (1) cleaning the seaweed, cutting it into sections, adding water, wherein the weight ratio of the seaweed to the water is 1:3, beating the seaweed to form a paste, and then adding a composite enzyme for enzymolysis to obtain a first enzymatic hydrolyzate; the composite enzyme comprises: cellulase, hemicellulase, alginate lyase, and alkaline protease, wherein the weight ratios thereof are 5:1:1:1, respectively;

[0086] The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions are as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 50°C, enzymatic hydrolysis time 40 min, enzyme inactivation at 95°C for 10 min after enzymatic hydrolysis; the amount of complex enzyme used is 4% of the weight of the paste;

[0087] Cellulase 200,000 U / g, hemicellulase 30,000 U / g, alginate lyase 20,000 U / mL, alkaline protease 100,000 U / g;

[0088] (2) taking the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania, cutting them into segments and beating them into pulp; adding Bacillus subtilis and fermenting them to obtain a fermentation liquid; the weight ratio of the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania is 6:3:1;

[0089] (3) taking the fermentation liquid in (2), adding cellulase, performing enzymolysis, and obtaining a second enzymolysis liquid; the amount of cellulase used is 5% of the weight of the fermentation liquid, the cellulase is 200,000 U / g, the enzymolysis time is 40 min at 55° C., and after the enzymolysis, the enzyme is inactivated at 95° C. for 10 min;

[0090] (4) taking the first enzymatic hydrolysate after enzyme inactivation in (1) and the second enzymatic hydrolysate in (3), combining them, adding Bacillus Velez K24, fermenting, and obtaining a fermentation liquid; the weight ratio of the first enzymatic hydrolysate to the second enzymatic hydrolysate is 2:6; the fermentation temperature of Bacillus Velez K24 is 37° C., and the fermentation time is 8 hours;

[0091] (5) The fermentation liquid in (4) is concentrated to 1 / 3 of the original volume, dried to a moisture content of less than 2%, and crushed to obtain a feed additive.

[0092] Example 5

[0093] A method for preparing a feed additive comprises the following steps:

[0094] (1) cleaning the seaweed, cutting it into sections, adding water, wherein the weight ratio of the seaweed to the water is 1:4, beating the seaweed to form a paste, and then adding a composite enzyme for enzymolysis to obtain a first enzymatic hydrolyzate; the composite enzyme comprises: cellulase, hemicellulase, alginate lyase, and alkaline protease, wherein the weight ratios thereof are 3:1:1:1, respectively;

[0095] The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions are as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 50°C, enzymatic hydrolysis time 40 min, enzyme inactivation at 95°C for 10 min after enzymatic hydrolysis; the amount of complex enzyme used is 4% of the weight of the paste;

[0096] Cellulase 200,000 U / g, hemicellulase 30,000 U / g, alginate lyase 20,000 U / mL, alkaline protease 100,000 U / g;

[0097] (2) taking the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania, cutting them into segments and beating them into pulp; adding Bacillus subtilis and fermenting them to obtain a fermentation liquid; the weight ratio of the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania is 4:5:1;

[0098] (3) taking the fermentation liquid in (2), adding cellulase, enzymolysis, and obtaining a second enzymolysis liquid; the amount of cellulase used is 4% of the weight of the fermentation liquid, the cellulase is 200,000 U / g, the enzymolysis time is 40 minutes at 55° C., and after the enzymolysis, the enzyme is inactivated at 95° C. for 10 minutes;

[0099] (4) taking the first enzymatic hydrolysate after enzyme inactivation in (1) and the second enzymatic hydrolysate in (3), combining them, adding Bacillus Velez K24, fermenting, and obtaining a fermentation liquid; the weight ratio of the first enzymatic hydrolysate to the second enzymatic hydrolysate is 2:7; the fermentation temperature of Bacillus Velez K24 is 37° C., and the fermentation time is 9 hours;

[0100] (5) The fermentation liquid in (4) is concentrated to 1 / 3 of the original volume, dried to a moisture content of less than 2%, and crushed to obtain a feed additive.

[0101] Example 6

[0102] A method for preparing a feed additive comprises the following steps:

[0103] (1) cleaning the seaweed, cutting it into sections, adding water, wherein the weight ratio of the seaweed to the water is 1:4, beating the seaweed to form a paste, and then adding a composite enzyme for enzymolysis to obtain a first enzymatic hydrolyzate; the composite enzyme comprises: cellulase, hemicellulase, alginate lyase, and alkaline protease, wherein the weight ratios thereof are 3:2:2:2, respectively;

[0104] The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions are as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 50°C, enzymatic hydrolysis time 40 min, enzyme inactivation at 95°C for 10 min after enzymatic hydrolysis; the amount of complex enzyme used is 4% of the weight of the paste;

[0105] Cellulase 200,000 U / g, hemicellulase 30,000 U / g, alginate lyase 20,000 U / mL, alkaline protease 100,000 U / g;

[0106] (2) taking the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania, cutting them into segments and beating them into pulp; adding Bacillus subtilis and fermenting them to obtain a fermentation liquid; the weight ratio of the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania is 5:4:1;

[0107] (3) taking the fermentation liquid in (2), adding cellulase, performing enzymolysis, and obtaining a second enzymolysis liquid; the amount of cellulase used is 3% of the weight of the fermentation liquid, the cellulase is 200,000 U / g, the enzymolysis time is 40 min at 55° C., and after the enzymolysis, the enzyme is inactivated at 95° C. for 10 min;

[0108] (4) taking the first enzymatic hydrolysate after the enzyme inactivation in (1) and the second enzymatic hydrolysate in (3), combining them, adding Bacillus Velez K24, fermenting, and obtaining a fermentation liquid; the weight ratio of the first enzymatic hydrolysate to the second enzymatic hydrolysate is 2:8; the fermentation temperature of Bacillus Velez K24 is 37° C., and the fermentation time is 10 hours;

[0109] (5) The fermentation liquid in (4) is concentrated to 1 / 3 of the original volume, dried to a moisture content of less than 2%, and crushed to obtain a feed additive.

[0110] Example 7

[0111] Since the process in the present application is prepared by using two different types of raw materials, and enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and combined enzymatic hydrolysis fermentation processes are respectively used in the preparation process, there is currently no dedicated production line for this process. In order to solve the above problems, the present application also provides a production line that is compatible with the preparation of feed additives, including the following structure:

[0112] Seaweed cleaning machine, cutting machine, pulping machine 1.0, pulping machine 2 1.01, first enzymolysis tank 1.1, second enzymolysis tank 1.2, first fermentation tank 2.1, second fermentation tank 2.2, concentration device, drying device, pulverizer;

[0113] A beater 1.0 is provided on one side of the first enzymatic hydrolysis tank 1.1;

[0114] The first fermentation tank 2.1 and the second pulper 1.01 are arranged on one side of the second enzymolysis tank 1.2 in sequence, the second enzymolysis tank 1.2 is connected to the first fermentation tank 2.1, and the first fermentation tank 2.1 is connected to the second pulper 1.01;

[0115] The outlet end of the first enzymolysis tank 1.1 and the outlet end of the second enzymolysis tank 1.2 are joined through a delivery pipe 3.0, the output end of the delivery pipe 3.0 is connected to the second fermentation tank 2.2, the second fermentation tank 2.2 is connected to a concentration device, a drying device is arranged on one side of the concentration device, and a pulverizer is arranged on one side of the drying device.

[0116] Furthermore, the first enzymolysis tank 1.1 comprises:

[0117] An enzymatic hydrolysis tank body 1.1.1, a heating base 1.1.2 is arranged at the bottom of the enzymatic hydrolysis tank body 1.1.1, a plurality of supporting legs 1.1.20 in a circular array are connected to the outer wall of the heating base 1.1.2, the enzymatic hydrolysis tank body 1.1.1 is connected to the discharge end of the beater 1.0 through a conveying pipe 3.1, a conveying pump 4.1 is arranged on the conveying pipe 3.1, a first feed pipe 1.1.10 and a second feed pipe 1.1.11 are connected to the top of the enzymatic hydrolysis tank body 1.1.1, a stirring shaft 1 is rotatably connected to the top of the enzymatic hydrolysis tank body 1.1.1, and a stirring paddle 1 is connected to the outer wall of the stirring shaft 1;

[0118] Motor 1 5.1, where motor 1 5.1 is located at the top of enzymolysis tank body 1.1.1, and the output shaft of motor 1 5.1 is connected to the stirring shaft 1 of enzymolysis tank body 1.1.1 through a coupling;

[0119] Temperature sensor 6.1, temperature sensor 6.1 is connected to the outer wall of enzymolysis tank body 1.1.1, and temperature sensor 6.1 extends to the inside of enzymolysis tank body 1.1.1;

[0120] A control box 6.2, which is connected to the outer wall of the enzymolysis tank 1.1.1, and the outer wall of the control box 6.2 is connected to a display screen 6.3. The control box 6.2 is provided with a storage cavity 1, in which a controller 1 is arranged, and a revolving door 6.4 is hingedly connected to one side of the storage cavity;

[0121] The exhaust valve 6.5 is connected with the enzymolysis tank 1.1.1, a rotating door 6.4 is hinged on one side of the storage chamber, and the controller is electrically connected with the heating base 1.1.2, the temperature sensor 6.1, the display screen 6.3 and the exhaust valve 6.5.

[0122] Further, the second enzymolysis tank 1.2 comprises:

[0123] The enzymolysis tank body 1.2.1 is provided with a heating base 1.2.2 at the bottom, and a plurality of supporting legs 1.2.20 in a circular array are connected to the outer wall of the heating base 1.2.2. The enzymolysis tank body 1.2.1 is connected to the discharge end of the first fermentation tank 2.1 through a delivery pipe 3.2, and a delivery pump 4.2 is provided on the delivery pipe 3.2. The top of the enzymolysis tank body 1.2.1 is connected to a third feed pipe 1.2.10 and a fourth feed pipe 1.2.11, and the top of the enzymolysis tank body 1.2.1 is rotatably connected to a stirring shaft 2, and the outer wall of the stirring shaft 2 is connected to a stirring paddle 2;

[0124] Motor 2 50.1, motor 2 50.1 is located at the top of enzymolysis tank 2 1.2.1, and the output shaft of motor 2 50.1 is connected to stirring shaft 2 of enzymolysis tank 2 1.2.1 through a coupling;

[0125] The second temperature sensor 6.10 is connected to the outer wall of the second enzymolysis tank 1.2.1, and the second temperature sensor 6.10 extends to the inside of the second enzymolysis tank 1.2.1;

[0126] A second control box 6.20, which is connected to the outer wall of the second enzymolysis tank 1.2.1, and the outer wall of the second control box 6.20 is connected to the second display screen 6.30. The second control box 6.20 is provided with a second storage cavity, in which a second controller is arranged, and a second revolving door 6.40 is hinged on one side of the second storage cavity;

[0127] The exhaust valve 2 6.50 is connected to the enzymolysis tank 2 1.2.1, and the controller 2 is electrically connected to the heating base 2 1.2.2, the temperature sensor 2 6.10, the display screen 2 6.30, and the exhaust valve 2 6.50.

[0128] Furthermore, the first fermentation tank 2.1 is connected to a first fermentation inlet 2.100 at the top, a mezzanine is provided on the first fermentation tank 2.1, the mezzanine of the first fermentation tank 2.1 is connected to an electric heating wire 2.10, the electric heating wire 2.10 is spiral-shaped, a third stirring shaft is rotatably connected to the top of the first fermentation tank 2.1, a third stirring paddle is connected to the outer wall of the third stirring shaft, a third motor 2.11 is provided on the top of the first fermentation tank 2.1, the output shaft of the third motor 2.11 is connected to the third stirring shaft through a coupling, the first fermentation tank 2.1 is connected to the discharge end of the beater 2 1.01 through a conveying pipe 3 3.3, and a conveying pump 3 4.3 is provided on the conveying pipe 3 3.3.

[0129] Furthermore, a second fermentation tank 2.2 is provided with a mezzanine, the top of the first fermentation tank 2.1 is connected to a second fermentation inlet 2.200, the mezzanine of the second fermentation tank 2.2 is connected to an electric heating wire 20.10, the electric heating wire 20.10 is spiral-shaped, the top of the second fermentation tank 2.2 is rotatably connected to a fourth stirring shaft, the outer wall of the fourth stirring shaft is connected to a fourth stirring paddle, a fourth motor 20.11 is provided on the top of the second fermentation tank 2.2, the output shaft of the fourth motor 20.11 is connected to the fourth stirring shaft through a coupling, and a delivery pump 4.4 is provided on the delivery pipeline 3.0.

[0130] Furthermore, both the first fermentation tank 2.1 and the second fermentation tank 2.2 are provided with a controller;

[0131] The first fermentation tank 2.1 and the second fermentation tank 2.2 are both connected to an exhaust valve 7;

[0132] The outer walls of the first fermentation tank 2.1 and the second fermentation tank 2.2 are both connected with temperature sensors 70, and the temperature sensors 70 extend into the interior of the first fermentation tank 2.1 and the second fermentation tank 2.2 respectively.

[0133] It should be noted that the controller, controller 1 and controller 2 are all existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0134] Working principle:

[0135] Cleaning and beating of seaweed: the seaweed raw material is first cleaned by a seaweed cleaning machine to remove impurities, and the cleaned seaweed enters a segmenting machine for segmenting. The segmented seaweed segments and water enter a beater 1.0 through a beater inlet 1.00, and the beater 1.0 is started to break the seaweed segments into a paste;

[0136] In the first enzymolysis process, the valve at the discharge end of the pulper 1.0 is opened, and the delivery pump 4.1 is started. The seaweed paste after pulping enters the first enzymolysis tank 1.1 through the delivery pipe 3.1, wherein the enzymolysis tank body 1.1.1 is heated by the heating base 1.1.2, and the support legs 1.1.20 support the enzymolysis tank body 1.1.1. The complex enzyme enters the first enzymolysis tank 1.1 through the first feeding pipe 1.1.10 or the second feeding pipe 1.1.11, and the motor 5.1 is started to drive the stirring paddle 1 to stir the seaweed paste. Under the monitoring of the display screen 6.3, the enzymolysis reaction is carried out to release the beneficial components in the seaweed to obtain the first enzymolysis liquid. The display screen 6.3 displays the temperature and pressure in the enzymolysis tank body 1.1.1 in real time, and the heating temperature of the heating base 1.1.2 is controlled by the controller, thereby controlling the temperature and time of the enzymolysis reaction;

[0137] Processing of plant raw materials: cutting the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania truncatula through a segmenter and then entering the beater 2 1.01 through the beater 2 inlet 1.010, starting the beater 2 1.01 to break the plant raw materials into a paste, opening the valve of the beater 2 1.01 outlet, starting the delivery pump 3 4.3, delivering the beaten plant raw materials to the first fermentation tank 2.1 through the delivery pipeline 3 3.3, adding Bacillus subtilis through the first fermentation inlet 2.100, starting the third motor 2.10 to drive the third stirring shaft to stir the plant raw materials in the first fermentation tank 2.1, controlling the electric heating wire 1 2.10 through the controller to heat the first fermentation tank 2.1, and controlling the electric heating wire 1 2.10 to work, so that the electric heating wire 1 2.10 maintains the plant raw materials in the first fermentation tank 2.1 at 37°C for fermentation;

[0138] After the fermentation is completed, the valve at the discharge end of the first fermentation tank 2.1 is opened, and the delivery pump 2.2 is started. The fermented plant material enters the second enzymolysis tank 1.2 through the delivery pipe 2.2, wherein the enzymolysis tank body 2.2.1 is heated by the heating base 2.2.2, and the supporting legs 2.2.20 support the second enzymolysis tank 1.2. In the second enzymolysis tank 1.2, the plant material undergoes enzymolysis reaction under the monitoring of the temperature sensor display 2.30 to extract the nutrients in the plant;

[0139] Cellulase enters the second enzymolysis tank 1.2 through the third feed pipe 1.2.10 or the fourth feed pipe 1.2.11, and the second motor 50.1 is started to drive the second stirring paddle to stir the fermented plant material. Under the monitoring of the second display screen 6.30, the enzymolysis reaction is carried out to release the beneficial components in the plant material to obtain the second enzymolysis liquid. The second display screen 6.30 displays the temperature and pressure in the second enzymolysis tank 1.2.1 in real time. The heating temperature of the second heating base 1.122 is controlled by the second controller, thereby controlling the temperature and time of the enzymolysis reaction;

[0140] The first enzymolyte and the second enzymolyte are mixed and deeply fermented. The first enzymolyte and the second enzymolyte are combined through the conveying pipeline 3.0, and conveyed to the second fermentation tank 2.2 by the conveying pump 4.4. Bacillus Velez K24 is added through the second fermentation inlet 2.200, the fourth motor 20.11 is started to drive the fourth stirring shaft to stir the inside of the second fermentation tank 2.2, the electric heating wire 20.10 heats the first fermentation tank 2.1, and the electric heating wire 20.10 is controlled by the controller to maintain the inside of the first fermentation tank 2.1 at 37°C for fermentation. The fermented mixture is concentrated by a concentrator, and the concentrated mixed solution enters a drying device for drying to reduce the moisture content. The dried material is sent to a grinder for crushing to obtain a powdered feed additive product.

[0141] Through the above equipment, different materials can be processed separately. For example, when enzymolyzing seaweed, the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania can also be fermented first, then enzymolyzed, and then the enzymolyzed liquids of the two can be combined and fermented.

[0142] Comparative Example 1

[0143] The method was the same as that in Example 1 except that Bacillus Velez subtilis K24 was replaced by commercially available common Bacillus Velez subtilis.

[0144] Comparative Example 2

[0145] The same as in Example 1 except that Bacillus Velezii K24 was replaced by Bacillus subtilis.

[0146] Comparative Example 3

[0147] In (4), the first enzymatic hydrolysate after enzyme inactivation in (1) and the second enzymatic hydrolysate in (3) are combined, concentrated to 1 / 3 of the original volume, dried to a moisture content of less than 2%, and crushed to obtain a feed additive. The other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0148] Comparative Example 4

[0149] (2) Take the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum truncatum, and Sesbania odoratum, cut them into sections, and beat them;

[0150] (3) taking the pulp obtained in (2), adding cellulase, performing enzymolysis, and obtaining a second enzymolysis solution; the amount of cellulase used is 4% of the weight of the fermentation solution, the cellulase is 200,000 U / g, the enzymolysis time is 40 min at 55° C., and the enzyme is inactivated at 95° C. for 10 min after the enzymolysis;

[0151] The rest is the same as Example 1.

[0152] Experimental Example 1: Experimental analysis of various process factors

[0153] Since the raw materials used in this application come from seaweed and saline-alkali plants, they have high salt content. When the salt content is too high, they are not suitable for livestock and poultry. For example, when the salt content in feed or feed additives is too high, it may cause chickens to drink too much water and have severe diarrhea.

[0154] In order to improve the safety of feed additives and control the salt content within a reasonable range, the method adopted in this application is to reduce the salt content thereof by combining enzymatic hydrolysis with a process of fermentation using specific microorganisms.

[0155] (1) The salt content test method is as follows: GB / T 6439-2023 Determination of water-soluble chloride in feed

[0156] (2) Total sugar detection method: Spectrophotometry is used to determine the total sugar content in feed.

[0157] Weigh about 1g of the sample (accurate to 0.01g) into a 250ml conical flask, add 25ml of water and 10ml of hydrochloric acid, shake well to form a uniform suspension, install a condensation reflux device, hydrolyze in a boiling water bath for 1h, filter after cooling, wash the filter residue, combine the filtrate and washing liquid, finally make up to 250ml, shake well for use, this is the test solution;

[0158] Accurately pipette 1 ml of the solution to be tested into a 10 ml colorimetric tube, add 1 ml of phenol solution (50 g / L) and 5 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid, let the reaction solution stand for 10 min, vortex and shake, cool to room temperature, select a wavelength of 490 nm, adjust to zero with the blank solution, and measure the absorbance.

[0159] The total sugar content in the sample is calculated according to the following formula:

[0160]

[0161] Where: X——the content of total sugar in the sample, in grams per kilogram, g / kg;

[0162] a——Glucose content obtained from the standard curve, in micrograms, μg;

[0163] V0——The volume of the sample after pre-treatment, in milliliters, mL;

[0164] V1——The volume of the filtrate absorbed during the measurement, in milliliters, mL;

[0165] m——sample mass, in grams, g.

[0166] Note: The calculation result is expressed in glucose to one decimal place.

[0167] (3) Flavonoid detection method: The flavonoid content in feed was determined by spectrophotometric colorimetry.

[0168] (4) Detection method for polyphenols: T / AHFIA 005-2018 Spectrophotometric method for determination of total polyphenols in plant extracts and their products. The unit of polyphenol results shall be converted into mg / g.

[0169] Table 1 Related processes in each embodiment

[0170]

[0171] Table 2 Related data of various indicators in feed additives

[0172]

[0173] From the relevant data in Table 2, it can be seen that, in terms of salt content, compared with the ordinary Bacillus Velez subtilis in Comparative Example 1, the Bacillus Velez subtilis K24 used in the present application for fermentation has a lower salt content in the additive; this shows that Bacillus Velez subtilis K24 has a significant effect in reducing the salt content of the product during fermentation;

[0174] Compared with other microorganisms in Comparative Example 2, the present application uses Bacillus Velezii K24 for fermentation. Similarly, its effect in reducing the salt content of the product during fermentation is much higher than that of other types of microbial strains.

[0175] In Comparative Example 3, even though enzymatic hydrolysis was used, but without microbial fermentation, the salt content in the product was the highest, reaching 20.9%.

[0176] The scheme of the present invention, by combining enzymatic hydrolysis with fermentation of specific microbial strains, can not only overcome the defect of high salt content of the raw material itself, but also make the active ingredients in the raw material dissolve as much as possible. This is because the enzymatic hydrolysis process changes the permeability of the cell wall of the cell, softens, swells, and ruptures it, which can make the active ingredients in the plant cells dissolve as much as possible, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, and flavonoids; in the same fermentation process, the material is affected by the microbial strain, and under the decomposition or transformation of the microbial strain, the active ingredients can also be dissolved as much as possible. This is because the enzyme changes the permeability of the cell wall of the cell, softens, swells, and ruptures it, so that more active ingredients can be dissolved therein; from the comparison of the active ingredient content of the embodiment and the comparative example, the active ingredient content in the feed additive in the embodiment 1-6 is also significantly higher than that in the comparative example 1-3.

[0177] Experimental Example 2 Effects of feed additives on the growth of crucian carp

[0178] In order to verify the effect of the present feed additive, an experiment was conducted as follows.

[0179] 240 crucian carp fry with an average weight of 125.7±2.11g were evenly divided into four groups, and the size and weight of the fry in each group were kept almost the same. They were respectively put into four fish ponds, each with an area of ​​25 square meters, and the same amount of water from the same water source was injected into the fish ponds for breeding;

[0180] During the breeding process, the feed additive of the present invention (Example 1, Comparative Examples 1-3) was added in a mass fraction of 25% to the fish feed fed in the four groups of fish ponds, and the feeding amount was 8% of the current body weight of the fish, and was adjusted every 8 days, gradually reduced to 4%, and the feeding amount of the fish food after the adult stage was reduced from 4% of the body weight to 2%; the entire breeding period was four months, and after the breeding was completed, the number of crucian carps out of the pond, the mortality rate, and the specifications of the crucian carps in the four groups were counted, and the results are shown in the following table:

[0181] Table 3 Growth of crucian carp

[0182] -- Feeding number (tail) Deaths Crucian carp specifications (g / tail) Example 1 60 0 3184±1.41 Example 2 60 0 3200±2.31 Example 3 60 0 3109±2.22 Example 4 60 0 3152±1.56 Example 5 60 0 3162±2.64 Example 6 60 0 3144±1.88 Comparative Example 1 60 3 2854±1.23 Comparative Example 2 60 5 2744±2.90 Comparative Example 3 60 7 2499±1.01

[0183] It can be seen from Table 3 that the addition of the additive of the present invention has a certain improvement effect on the growth performance of crucian carp and has a certain disease resistance.

[0184] Determination of crucian carp body indicators: fatness, organ-to-body ratio, liver-to-body ratio, the calculation method of each indicator is as follows:

[0185] Fullness(g / cm 3 ) = (w / L3) × 100, where w is body weight (g) and L is body length (cm);

[0186] Visceral-to-body ratio (%) = individual visceral mass weight / body weight × 100;

[0187] Liver-to-body ratio (%) = individual liver weight / body weight × 100.

[0188] Table 4 Body index of crucian carp (average value)

[0189]

[0190]

[0191] In this experiment, the feed additive provided by the present invention has a significant improvement effect on the biochemical composition of crucian carp, which is specifically reflected in the fatness of crucian carp, from 3.0g / cm 3 Up to 3.8g / cm 3 ;

[0192] Organ index is an indicator for evaluating the health of the body shape and physiological function of aquatic animals. In nutrition, in most cases, the lower the organ index, the better the functional state and development process of the animal can be reflected. It can be seen from the data in Table 4 that the crucian carp fed with the feed added with the feed additive provided by the present invention has lower organ-body ratio data and liver-body ratio data than the data in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, which also reflects that the feed additive in the present invention has a certain improvement effect on the body shape and physiological function of crucian carp.

[0193] The feed additive provided by the present invention is prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation technology. During the preparation process, seaweed and various crop components are optimized, active substances are effectively released, salt content is reduced, and the safe utilization rate of the feed additive is enhanced, thereby promoting the rapid growth of livestock and aquatic animals and enhancing their immunity.

[0194] Through the above-mentioned aquaculture experiments, it can be seen that after the feed additive of the present application is used in fish feed, the growth of fish is examined, and the mortality rate is low, which is 0; and the fatness, organ-to-body ratio, and liver-to-body ratio of the fish are also relatively ideal, which are better than the comparative ratios.

Claims

1. A feed additive, characterized in that: The feed additive is prepared from the stems and leaves of seaweed, Suaeda salsa, switchgrass and Sesbania odorifera as raw materials; wherein, the seaweed is enzymatically hydrolyzed to obtain a first enzymatic hydrolyzate; The stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania are first fermented and then enzymolyzed to obtain a second enzymolyzate; Then the first enzymolysis liquid is combined with the second enzymolysis liquid, fermented, concentrated, dried and crushed to obtain the feed additive.

2. A method for preparing a feed additive as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following steps: (1) Cleaning the seaweed, cutting it into sections, adding water, beating it to form a paste, and then adding a composite enzyme for enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain a first enzymatic hydrolyzate; the composite enzyme comprises: cellulase, hemicellulase, alginate lyase, and alkaline protease, and the weight ratios thereof are 3-5:1-2:1-2:1-2, respectively; (2) Cut the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania into segments and beat them into pulp; add Bacillus subtilis and ferment to obtain fermentation liquid; the weight ratio of the stems and leaves of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania is 3-6:3-5:1-2; (3) taking the fermentation liquid in (2), adding cellulase, performing enzymatic hydrolysis, and obtaining a second enzymatic hydrolyzate; (4) taking the first enzymatic hydrolysate after the enzyme is inactivated in (1) and the second enzymatic hydrolysate in (3), combining them, adding Bacillus velezensis K24, and fermenting to obtain a fermentation liquid; (5) The fermentation liquid in (4) is concentrated, dried, and crushed to obtain a feed additive.

3. The method for preparing the feed additive according to claim 2, characterized in that: In (1), the seaweed is any one of brown algae, kelp, wakame, hijiki and enteromorpha; The weight ratio of seaweed to water is 1:2~4; The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions are as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 45-55°C, enzymatic hydrolysis time 30-50 min, enzyme inactivation at 95°C for 10 min after enzymatic hydrolysis; the dosage of the complex enzyme is 2-6% of the weight of the paste; Cellulase 200,000 U / g, hemicellulase 30,000 U / g, alginate lyase 20,000 U / mL, alkaline protease 100,000 U / g; the weight ratio of cellulase, hemicellulase, alginate lyase and alkaline protease is 4:1:1:1, respectively.

4. The method for preparing a feed additive according to claim 2, characterized in that: (2), the weight ratio of Suaeda salsa, Panicum virgatum and Sesbania sesbania stems and leaves is 5:4:2; the fermentation conditions of Bacillus subtilis are: fermentation at 35-40°C for 4-6 hours; (3) The conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis are: the amount of cellulase is 2-5% of the weight of the fermentation liquid, the cellulase is 200,000 U / g, the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 30-50 min at 45-55°C, and the enzyme is inactivated at 95°C for 10 min after enzymatic hydrolysis.

5. The method for preparing a feed additive according to claim 2, characterized in that: (4), the weight ratio of the first enzymatic hydrolysate to the second enzymatic hydrolysate is 2:3-8; Bacillus velezensis K24, the fermentation temperature is 35-40°C, and the fermentation time is 6-10 hours; the classification name of the Bacillus velezensis K24 is Bacillus velezensis, and it is deposited in Guangdong Microbiological Culture Collection Center with the deposit number GDMCC NO.64095; (5), concentrated to 1 / 3~1 / 2 of the original volume, and dried to a moisture content of less than 2%.

6. A feed containing the feed additive prepared by the method according to claim 2.

7. A feed additive production line matched with the method of claim 2, characterized in that: The following structures are included: Seaweed cleaning machine, cutting machine, pulping machine 1 (1.0), pulping machine 2 (1.01), first enzymolysis tank (1.1), second enzymolysis tank (1.2), first fermentation tank (2.1), second fermentation tank (2.2), concentration device, drying device, pulverizer; A beater 1 (1.0) is provided on one side of the first enzymatic hydrolysis tank (1.1); The first fermentation tank (2.1) and the second pulper (1.01) are sequentially arranged on one side of the second enzymolysis tank (1.2); the second enzymolysis tank (1.2) is connected to the first fermentation tank (2.1), and the first fermentation tank (2.1) is connected to the second pulper (1.01); The outlet end of the first enzymolysis tank (1.1) and the outlet end of the second enzymolysis tank (1.2) are joined via a delivery pipe (3.0); the output end of the delivery pipe (3.0) is connected to the second fermentation tank (2.2); the second fermentation tank (2.2) is connected to a concentration device; a drying device is provided on one side of the concentration device; and a pulverizer is provided on one side of the drying device.

8. Use of the feed additive prepared by the method according to claim 2 in aquatic animal breeding and livestock and poultry breeding.

9. Use of the feed additive prepared by the method according to claim 2 in fish breeding.

10. Use of the feed additive prepared by the method according to claim 2 in laying hen and broiler breeding.

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