Dry ambrosia trifida powder for aquatic feed, preparation method of dry ambrosia trifida powder and elopichthys bambusa feed

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to ambrosia trifida dry powder for aquatic feed, a preparation method of the ambrosia trifida dry powder and elopichthys bambusa feed. The method comprises the following steps: feeding Aristichthys nobilis with Aristichthys nobilis leaves, then carrying out fasting and dissection, taking midgut and posterior gut wrapped by hepatopancreas of Aristichthys nobilis, and carrying out liposuction, sterilization and first drying; feeding ambrosia trifida leaves to the ampullaria gigas, and crushing the ambrosia trifida leaves to obtain minced ambrosia trifida; fermenting, standing and freeze-drying a mixture of the minced ambrosia trifida snail, methanol and corn protein powder to obtain ambrosia trifida fermented snail source bacterial powder; the method comprises the following steps: inoculating to-be-fermented ambrosia trifida powder and an ambrosia trifida zymophyte liquid into an ambrosia trifida fermentation liquid culture medium, and carrying out fermentation culture, first centrifugation and second drying. By means of the method, the content of toxic substances in ambrosia trifida can be reduced, the toxic substances are converted into nutrient substances capable of being used for growth of elopichthys bambusa, absorption and digestion of elopichthys bambusa are facilitated, and the cost of artificial breeding of elopichthys bambusa is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a kind of ambrosia trilobata dry powder for aquatic feed and a preparation method thereof, and bighead carp feed. Background Art

[0002] Three-lobed ragweed is an annual herbaceous plant under the genus Ambrosia of the Asteraceae family. After invading farmland, it reduces the yield of mixed crops such as corn, soybeans, sorghum, and wheat by 300-495 kg per hectare, and even prevents corn from forming female ears, resulting in no harvest. Three-lobed ragweed has become one of the most harmful alien invasive plants in my country and is listed in the "List of Alien Invasive and Naturalized Plants in China 2023 Edition" and the "List of Key Alien Invasive Species". There is no effective means to control the natural spread of three-lobed ragweed at present, so the best way to prevent and control three-lobed ragweed at this stage is to find ways to efficiently utilize three-lobed ragweed. In addition to being rich in protein, three-lobed ragweed also contains 9 essential amino acids and 8 non-essential amino acids in a reasonable ratio. The various minerals and trace elements in three-lobed ragweed can meet the needs of the growth and development of farmed animals. At present, research on three-lobed ragweed is mostly focused on chemical composition research, toxicology and pharmacology research, and ecological and environmental hazards. There are few reports on the development and utilization of three-lobed ragweed in animal feed. In addition, there are very few research reports on the use of ragweed as a substitute for partial protein sources in carnivorous fish feeds, and there has been no relevant exploration of ragweed in bighead carp feed.

[0003] According to the survey, most of the commercial breeding of bighead carp is carried out by feeding live bait and fish pieces, which has extremely high economic costs. Artificial feed breeding of bighead carp is rarely seen in the market, and the current artificial feed of bighead carp has poor palatability and high feed coefficient. Most artificial feeds for bighead carp are compound feeds with fish meal as the main protein source, and a very small amount of artificial feeds use plant protein sources (such as soybean meal) to replace part of the fish meal in the feed. However, under the same breeding conditions, the economic cost of bighead carp eating feed with fish meal as the main protein source is much higher than that of eating feed with plant protein source raw materials partially replacing fish meal. Regardless of the type of feed artificially fed, the economic cost of artificial breeding of bighead carp remains high, mainly reflected in: ① The survival rate of artificially induced spawning is low, and ② The survival rate of fry after hatching of fertilized eggs is low. In order to reduce the production cost of artificial feed for bighead carp, reduce the cost of artificial breeding of bighead carp, and achieve the purpose of reducing the cost of commercial breeding of bighead carp, finding high-efficiency plant protein source feed raw materials that can replace part of fish meal is the key to solving the problem.

[0004] Studies have shown that adding ragweed directly into feed will cause the animals to die from ingestion of toxic substances such as sesquiterpene lactone compounds and alkaloid compounds naturally contained in ragweed. Currently, there is no report on the simple, low-cost and stable preparation of ragweed dry powder for bighead carp.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dry powder of three-lobed ragweed for aquatic feed and a preparation method thereof, and a bighead carp feed. The preparation method of the dry powder of three-lobed ragweed for aquatic feed overcomes the problem of toxicity to the body of the aquacultured subjects caused by ingestion of three-lobed ragweed from the perspective of reducing the content of toxic substances naturally contained in the three-lobed ragweed. Secondly, it is to find a feed protein source that can replace fish meal in bighead carp feed, and solve the problem of high artificial breeding cost in the process of artificial feed breeding of bighead carp from the perspective of improving the survival rate of the first generation of fry and juvenile fish in artificial feed breeding.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are particularly adopted:

[0008] One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for preparing a dry powder of Ambrosia trilobata for aquatic feed, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (a) feeding bighead carp with ragweed leaves, fasting and dissecting the bighead carp, taking out the mid-gut and hind-gut wrapped by the hepatopancreas of the bighead carp, performing liposuction, sterilization and primary drying to obtain semi-defatted bighead carp-derived liver intestine powder containing chyme;

[0010] (b) feeding Ambrosia trilobata leaves to the Pomacea canaliculata snails and then crushing the leaves to obtain Ambrosia trilobata snail paste; fermenting, standing and freeze-drying a mixture of Ambrosia trilobata snail paste, methanol and corn protein powder to obtain Ambrosia trilobata fermented snail source bacteria powder;

[0011] (c) inoculating the to-be-fermented ragweed powder and the fermented bacterial liquid of the ragweed into a fermented liquid culture medium of the ragweed for fermentation, performing a first centrifugation and a second drying to obtain the ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed;

[0012] Wherein, the fermented bacterial liquid of Ambrosia trilobata comprises, by weight:

[0013] The present invention comprises 17 to 36 parts of the fermented snail-derived bacteria powder of Ambrosia trilobata, 8 to 20 parts of the semi-defatted bighead carp-derived chyme-containing liver sausage powder, 1 to 5 parts of calcium carbonate, 3 to 5 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 52 to 66 parts of sodium chloride solution.

[0014] The method for preparing the three-lobed ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed can reduce the content of toxic substances in the three-lobed ragweed, convert the toxic substances into nutrients that can be used for the growth of bighead carp, facilitate the absorption and digestion of bighead carp, and reduce the cost of artificial breeding of bighead carp.

[0015] Another aspect of the present invention also relates to the three-lobed ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed prepared by the preparation method of the three-lobed ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed.

[0016] The three-lobed ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed has the advantages of low toxicity, and the nutrients contained in the dry powder are beneficial to the digestion and absorption of bighead carp. The dry powder is used in preparing bighead carp feed and can improve the weight gain rate of bighead carp.

[0017] Another aspect of the present invention also relates to a bighead carp feed, which comprises the following components in parts by mass:

[0018] 17-23 parts of fish meal, 10-16 parts of dry powder of ragweed for aquatic feed, 4-10 parts of α-starch, 3-5 parts of fish oil, 3-5 parts of soybean oil, 1-5 parts of composite additives, 3-5 parts of composite vitamins, 3-5 parts of composite minerals and 1-5 parts of adhesive.

[0019] The bighead carp feed has a reasonable formula, a wide range of raw material sources, and is cheap. Most of the raw materials are nutrients necessary for the growth of bighead carp. While reducing the production cost of artificial feed and the artificial breeding cost, it also fully exerts its nutritional function, can promote the growth of bighead carp, and improve feed efficiency.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] (1) The method for preparing dry powder of Ambrosia trilobata for aquatic feed provided by the present invention is to use adult Pomacea canaliculata snails containing chyme that have digested broken leaves of Ambrosia trilobata as a bacterial source, and to use powder of Ambrosia trilobata to be fermented as a main raw material, supplemented with digestive glands of bighead carp, potato starch, eggshell powder, and rice bran powder, and to ferment and expand the culture in a liquid fermentation medium of Ambrosia trilobata, and then dry the powder. While simulating the process of decomposing and transforming the toxic substances naturally contained in Ambrosia trilobata in the adult Pomacea canaliculata snails to the maximum extent, the Ambrosia trilobata is preliminarily decomposed into amino acids and oligosaccharides before being added to the feed components, which is more conducive to digestion and absorption by bighead carp and improves the weight gain rate of bighead carp.

[0022] (2) The three-lobed ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed provided by the present invention has the advantages of low toxicity, and the nutrients contained in it are beneficial to the digestion and absorption of bighead carp. When used in the preparation of bighead carp feed, it can increase the weight gain rate of bighead carp.

[0023] (3) The formula of the bighead carp feed provided by the present invention is reasonable, the raw materials are widely available, and the price is low. Most of the raw materials are nutrients necessary for the growth of bighead carp. While reducing the production cost of artificial feed and the cost of artificial breeding, it also fully exerts its nutritional function, can promote the growth of bighead carp, and improve feed efficiency. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following described embodiments are part of embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and are only used to illustrate the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative work, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. If specific conditions are not indicated in the embodiments, they are carried out according to normal conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not indicated in the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0025] One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for preparing a dry powder of Ambrosia trilobata for aquatic feed, comprising the following steps:

[0026] (a) feeding bighead carp with ragweed leaves, fasting and dissecting the bighead carp, taking out the mid-gut and hind-gut wrapped by the hepatopancreas of the bighead carp, performing liposuction, sterilization and primary drying to obtain semi-defatted bighead carp-derived liver intestine powder containing chyme;

[0027] (b) feeding Ambrosia trilobata leaves to the Pomacea canaliculata snails and then crushing the leaves to obtain Ambrosia trilobata snail paste; fermenting, standing and freeze-drying a mixture of Ambrosia trilobata snail paste, methanol and corn protein powder to obtain Ambrosia trilobata fermented snail source bacteria powder;

[0028] (c) inoculating the to-be-fermented ragweed powder and the fermented bacterial liquid of the ragweed into a fermented liquid culture medium of the ragweed for fermentation, performing a first centrifugation and a second drying to obtain the ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed;

[0029] Wherein, the fermented bacterial liquid of Ambrosia trilobata comprises, by weight:

[0030] 17-36 parts of the said three-lobed ragweed fermented snail-derived bacteria powder (for example, it can be but not limited to any one of 17 parts, 20 parts, 23 parts, 25 parts, 28 parts, 30 parts, 33 parts or 36 parts, or a range between any two of them), 8-20 parts of the said semi-defatted bighead carp-derived liver intestine powder (for example, it can be but not limited to any one of 8 parts, 10 parts, 13 parts, 15 parts, 18 parts or 20 parts, or a range between any two of them), 1-5 parts of calcium carbonate (for example, For example, it can be but not limited to any one of 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts or 5 parts, or a range between any two of them), 3 to 5 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (for example, it can be but not limited to any one of 3 parts, 4 parts or 5 parts, or a range between any two of them), and 52 to 66 parts of sodium chloride solution (for example, it can be but not limited to any one of 52 parts, 54 parts, 56 parts, 58 parts, 60 parts, 62 parts, 64 parts or 66 parts, or a range between any two of them).

[0031] The method for preparing the dry powder of trilobate ragweed for aquatic feed uses adult Pomacea canaliculata snails that have digested broken leaves of trilobate ragweed as a bacterial source, and uses trilobate ragweed powder to be fermented as a main raw material, supplemented with bighead carp digestive glands, potato starch, eggshell powder, and rice bran powder, and is fermented in a liquid fermentation medium of trilobate ragweed, expanded and cultured, and then dried to obtain the powder. While simulating the process of decomposing and transforming the toxic substances naturally contained in trilobate ragweed in the adult Pomacea canaliculata snails to the maximum extent, the protein and polysaccharide substances rich in trilobate ragweed are preliminarily decomposed before being added into the feed components to form amino acids and oligosaccharides, which are more conducive to digestion and absorption by bighead carp and improve the weight gain rate of bighead carp.

[0032] The surface of the mid-gut and hind-gut wrapped by the hepatopancreas of bighead carp is not only diffusely wrapped with the hepatopancreas, but also has a fat layer. Too much fat will have a negative impact on the fermentation results, so it is necessary to defatted it.

[0033] Furthermore, the Pomacea canaliculata includes: an adult Pomacea canaliculata. The toxic substances naturally contained in Ambrosia trilobata can be decomposed into non-toxic nutrients in the adult Pomacea canaliculata, which can provide nutrition for the growth and development of bighead carp.

[0034] Further, the bighead carp is fed with Ambrosia trifida leaves for 7 to 14 days, including but not limited to any one of 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 13 days or 14 days or any range between two of them.

[0035] Furthermore, the mass of the three-leaved ragweed leaves fed to every 100g of bighead carp is 3 to 5g per day.

[0036] Furthermore, the fasting time is 12 to 18 hours, including but not limited to any one of 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours or 18 hours or any range between two of them. If the whole jejunal segment is used, the feeding effect is not good. If the intestinal segment full of chyme is used, the toxic side effects on the bighead carp are strong. Therefore, it is necessary to make the intestinal segment have chyme but not too much, and fasting for a period of time is required. Fasting for a period of time can also consume the fat covering the surface of the intestinal segment to improve the fermentation effect.

[0037] Further, the liposuction is performed according to a ratio of 1-3 g:30-50 mL (for example, but not limited to 3 g:30 mL, 2.5 g:35 mL, 2 g:40 mL, 1.5 g:45 mL or 1 g:50 mL) of the midgut and hindgut wrapped by the hepatopancreas of bighead carp to petroleum ether.

[0038] Furthermore, the liposuction temperature is 55-65°C, including but not limited to any one of 55°C, 57°C, 59°C, 61°C, 63°C or 65°C or a range between any two of them.

[0039] Furthermore, the liposuction time is 3 to 5 hours, including but not limited to any one of 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4 hours, 4.5 hours or 5 hours or a range between any two of them.

[0040] Furthermore, the first drying temperature is 10-25°C, including but not limited to any one of 10°C, 15°C, 20°C or 25°C or a range between any two of them.

[0041] Furthermore, the first drying is performed under light-proof conditions.

[0042] Further, the Pomacea canaliculata snails are fed with Ambrosia trilobata leaves for 5 to 10 days, including but not limited to any one of 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days or 10 days or any range between two of them.

[0043] Further, the feeding conditions of the golden apple snail are: temperature of 20-30°C (for example, any one of 20°C, 23°C, 25°C, 28°C or 30°C or a range between any two); humidity of 63%-84% (for example, any one of 63%, 65%, 68%, 70%, 73%, 75%, 78%, 80% or 84% or a range between any two); water depth of 2-5mm (for example, any one of 2mm, 3mm, 4mm or 5mm or a range between any two). The feeding conditions of the golden apple snail are determined according to its growth habits.

[0044] Furthermore, the snails are fed with 12% to 25% (eg, any one of 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 23% or 25% or any range between two) of the body weight of the snails every day.

[0045] Furthermore, in step (b), the mass ratio of the ambrosia trilobata minced meat, the methanol and the corn protein powder is 12-28:32-46:9-13, including but not limited to 12:46:9, 16:40:10, 20:37:11, 24:34:12 or 28:32:13.

[0046] Furthermore, the fermentation temperature is 25-42°C, including but not limited to any one of 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C or 42°C or a range between any two of them.

[0047] Furthermore, the fermentation time is 72 to 120 hours, including but not limited to any one of 72 hours, 80 hours, 90 hours, 100 hours, 110 hours or 120 hours or a range between any two of them.

[0048] Furthermore, after the fermentation is carried out for 24 hours, the gas is exhausted every 4 hours for 20 to 30 minutes, including but not limited to any one of 20 minutes, 23 minutes, 25 minutes, 28 minutes or 30 minutes, or a range between any two of them.

[0049] Furthermore, the static temperature is 55-65°C, including but not limited to any one of 55°C, 57°C, 59°C, 61°C, 63°C or 65°C or a range between any two of them.

[0050] Furthermore, the standing time is 20 to 28 hours, including but not limited to any one of 20 hours, 22 hours, 24 hours, 26 hours or 28 hours or a range between any two of them.

[0051] Standing under certain temperature and time conditions can completely remove methanol from the system and reduce toxic side effects.

[0052] Furthermore, the freeze-drying temperature is -30 to -20°C, including but not limited to any one of -30°C, -28°C, -26°C, -24°C, -22°C or -20°C or a range between any two of them.

[0053] Furthermore, the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 0.1-0.2 mol / L, including but not limited to any one of 0.1 mol / L, 0.12 mol / L, 0.14 mol / L, 0.16 mol / L, 0.18 mol / L or 0.2 mol / L or a range between any two of them.

[0054] Furthermore, the fermentation liquid culture medium of Ambrosia trilobata comprises, by weight:

[0055] 4-12 parts of potassium chloride (for example, any one of 4 parts, 6 parts, 8 parts, 10 parts or 12 parts, or a range between any two parts), 1-3 parts of yeast selenium (for example, any one of 1 part, 2 parts or 3 parts, or a range between any two parts), 1-5 parts of zinc sulfate (for example, any one of 1 part, 3 parts or 5 parts, or a range between any two parts), 13-18 parts of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (for example, any one of 13 parts, 15 parts, 17 parts or 18 parts, or a range between any two parts), range value), 20-40 parts (for example, any one of 20 parts, 25 parts, 30 parts, 35 parts or 40 parts, or a range value between any two) of peeled tomato juice and 240-300 parts (for example, any one of 240 parts, 250 parts, 260 parts, 270 parts, 280 parts, 290 parts or 300 parts, or a range value between any two) of water, with a pH of 7.2-7.8 (for example, any one of 7.2, 7.4, 7.6 or 7.8, or a range value between any two).

[0056] Furthermore, the preparation method of the three-leaf ragweed fermented powder comprises:

[0057] The sterilized three-lobed ragweed leaf juice, the sodium chloride solution and the sodium bicarbonate solution are mixed to obtain a first mixed system; the first mixed system is subjected to a second centrifugation and light-proof drying to obtain the three-lobed ragweed to-be-fermented powder.

[0058] Furthermore, the ratio of the raw leaves for preparing the juice of the sterilized three-leaf ragweed leaves, the sodium chloride solution and the sodium bicarbonate solution is 1g: (100-120)mL: (160-175)mL, including but not limited to 1g: 100mL: 175mL, 1g: 105mL: 170mL, 1g: 110mL: 165mL or 1g: 120mL: 160mL.

[0059] Furthermore, the concentration of the sodium bicarbonate solution is 0.03-0.08 mol / L, including but not limited to any one of 0.03 mol / L, 0.05 mol / L, 0.07 mol / L or 0.08 mol / L or a range therebetween.

[0060] Furthermore, the pH of the first mixed system is 7.0-7.2, including but not limited to any one of 7.0, 7.1 or 7.2 or a range of values ​​therebetween.

[0061] Furthermore, the speed of the second centrifugation is 3000-6000 r / min, including but not limited to any one of 3000 r / min, 3500 r / min, 4000 r / min, 4500 r / min, 5000 r / min, 5500 r / min or 6000 r / min or a range therebetween.

[0062] Furthermore, the second centrifugation time is 4 to 6 minutes, including but not limited to any one of 4 minutes, 4.5 minutes, 5 minutes, 5.5 minutes or 6 minutes, or a range therebetween.

[0063] Furthermore, the light-proof drying temperature is 22-25°C, including but not limited to any one of 22°C, 23°C, 24°C or 25°C or a range between the two.

[0064] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the three-leaf ragweed fermented powder, the three-leaf ragweed fermentation bacteria liquid and the three-leaf ragweed fermentation liquid culture medium is 225-273:50-80:1800-3200, including but not limited to 225:80:1800, 230:75:1900, 235:70:2100, 240:65:2300, 245:60:2400, 250:55:2500, 255:50:2600, 260:53:2700, 265:77:2800, 270:62:3000 or 273:50:3200.

[0065] Furthermore, the fermentation culture temperature is 35-39°C, including but not limited to any one of 35°C, 36°C, 37°C, 38°C or 39°C or a range therebetween.

[0066] Furthermore, the fermentation culture time is 14 to 20 days, including but not limited to any one of 14 days, 16 days, 18 days or 20 days or a range therebetween.

[0067] Furthermore, during the fermentation culture, exhaust is performed every 10 to 14 hours (eg, any one of 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours or 14 hours, or a range of values ​​therebetween).

[0068] Furthermore, feeding is performed during the fermentation culture, and the feeding comprises at least one of the following steps:

[0069] (1) adding 1 wt% to 4 wt% (e.g., 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt% or 4 wt%) of a first feed to the fermentation culture system every day, wherein the first feed comprises: a fermentation bacterial liquid of Ambrosia trifida and potato starch in a mass ratio of 10 to 15:34 (e.g., 10:34, 11:34, 12:34, 13:34 or 15:34);

[0070] (2) adding 2.8 wt % to 4.4 wt % (e.g., 2.8 wt %, 3.2 wt %, 3.6 wt %, 4.0 wt % or 4.4 wt %) of eggshell powder to the fermentation culture system every other day;

[0071] (3) adding 2.8 wt% to 4.4 wt% (e.g., 2.8 wt%, 3.2 wt%, 3.6 wt%, 4.0 wt% or 4.4 wt%) of rice bran powder to the fermentation culture system every 5 days.

[0072] Furthermore, the speed of the first centrifugation is 8000-10000 r / min, including but not limited to any point value of 8000 r / min, 8500 r / min, 9000 r / min, 9500 r / min or 10000 r / min or a range value between any two of them.

[0073] Furthermore, the first centrifugation time is 8 to 12 minutes, including but not limited to any one of 8 minutes, 10 minutes, 11 minutes or 12 minutes, or a range between any two of them.

[0074] Furthermore, the second drying temperature is 100-105°C, including but not limited to any one of 100°C, 101°C, 103°C or 105°C or a range between any two of them.

[0075] Another aspect of the present invention also relates to the three-lobed ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed prepared by the preparation method of the three-lobed ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed.

[0076] The three-lobed ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed has the advantages of low toxicity, and the nutrients contained in it are beneficial to the digestion and absorption of bighead carp. It can be used in preparing bighead carp feed to improve the weight gain rate of bighead carp.

[0077] Another aspect of the present invention also relates to a bighead carp feed, which comprises the following components in parts by mass:

[0078] Fish meal 17-23 parts (for example, 17 parts, 19 parts, 21 parts or 23 parts, or any range between two parts), dried ragweed powder for aquatic feed 10-16 parts (for example, 10 parts, 12 parts, 14 parts or 16 parts, or any range between two parts), α-starch 4-10 parts (for example, 4 parts, 6 parts, 8 parts or 10 parts, or any range between two parts), fish oil 3-5 parts (for example, 3 parts, 4 parts or 5 parts, or any range between two parts), soybean oil 3-5 parts (for example, Such as 3 parts, 4 parts or 5 parts, any one of the points or any range between two parts), 1-5 parts of complex additives (such as 1 part, 3 parts, 4 parts or 5 parts, any one of the points or any range between two parts), 3-5 parts of complex vitamins (such as 3 parts, 4 parts or 5 parts, any one of the points or any range between two parts), 3-5 parts of complex minerals (such as 3 parts, 4 parts or 5 parts, any one of the points or any range between two parts) and 1-5 parts of binders (such as 1 part, 3 parts, 4 parts or 5 parts, any one of the points or any range between two parts).

[0079] The formula of the bighead carp feed is reasonable, the raw materials are widely sourced, and the price is cheap. Most of the raw materials are nutrients necessary for the growth of bighead carp. While reducing the production cost of artificial feed and the cost of artificial breeding, it also fully exerts its nutritional function, can promote the growth of bighead carp, and improve feed efficiency. The composite additive has the functions of attracting food, reducing anti-nutritional factors of feed components, and providing probiotics.

[0080] Furthermore, the bighead carp feed comprises the following components in parts by mass:

[0081] 19-21 parts of fish meal, 12-14 parts of dry powder of ragweed for aquatic feed, 5-9 parts of alpha-starch, 3.5-4.5 parts of fish oil, 3.5-4.5 parts of soybean oil, 2-4 parts of composite additives, 3.5-4.5 parts of composite vitamins, 3.5-4.5 parts of composite minerals and 2-4 parts of adhesive.

[0082] Furthermore, the composite additive comprises, by weight:

[0083] 19 to 26 parts (e.g., 19, 22, 24 or 26 parts) of β-xylosidase with an enzyme activity of 134,000 to 165,000 U / g, 12 to 18 parts (e.g., 12, 14, 16 or 18 parts) of polygalacturonase with an enzyme activity of 2,700 to 9,100 U / g, 7 to 13 parts (e.g., 7, 9, 11 parts) of tannase with an enzyme activity of 350 to 720 U / g The invention relates to a method for preparing the present invention wherein the present invention comprises: preparing the present invention comprises: 10 to 12 parts (for example, 10 parts, 11 parts or 12 parts) of the fungal acid phosphatase having an enzyme activity of 54000 to 82000 U / g, 10 to 20 parts (for example, 10 parts, 13 parts, 15 parts, 18 parts or 20 parts) of the semi-defatted bighead carp-derived chyme-containing liver intestine powder, and 24 to 36 parts (for example, 24 parts, 28 parts, 32 parts or 36 parts) of the fermented snail-derived fungus powder of ragweed.

[0084] This composite additive is the first to completely add bacterial powder derived from the digestive tract flora of snails to carnivorous fish feed additives, exploring a new addition ratio of feed enzymes within a new enzyme activity range suitable for bighead carp. It meets the olfactory and taste requirements of bighead carp in the process of taming feed, greatly improves the survival rate of the first generation of fry and juveniles of bighead carp cultured on artificial feeds, improves the feeding rate and weight gain rate of bighead carp, and increases the protein efficiency ratio and protein retention rate. While enhancing the ability of bighead carp to absorb and utilize protein, it realizes high-density intensive breeding of bighead carp, saving breeding space and breeding costs.

[0085] Furthermore, the multivitamin comprises, by weight:

[0086] Vitamin C 100-165 parts (e.g. 100 parts, 110 parts, 120 parts, 130 parts, 140 parts, 150 parts or 165 parts), Vitamin A 10-15 parts (e.g. 10 parts, 11 parts, 13 parts or 15 parts), Folic acid 3-6 parts (e.g. 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts or 6 parts), Vitamin E 22-42 parts (for example, 22 parts, 26 parts, 30 parts, 34 parts, 36 parts, 40 parts or 42 parts), pantothenic acid 5-10 parts (for example, 5 parts, 7 parts, 9 parts or 10 parts), thiamine 7-13 parts (for example, 7 parts, 9 parts, 11 parts or 13 parts), inositol 120-530 parts (for example, 120 parts, 220 parts, 320 parts, 420 parts or 530 parts), biotin 0.06-0.18 parts (for example, 0.06 parts, 0.08 parts, 0.10 parts, 0.14 parts, 0.16 parts or 0.18 parts), vitamin B6 8-17 parts (for example, 8 parts, 10 parts, 13 parts, 15 parts or 17 parts), vitamin K3 12-13.5 parts (for example 12 parts, 12.5 parts or 13.5 parts), niacin 23-45 parts (for example 23 parts, 25 parts, 28 parts, 30 parts, 33 parts, 35 parts, 40 parts or 45 parts), vitamin B12 1-5 parts (for example 1 part, 3 parts, 4 parts or 5 parts), riboflavin 14-26 parts (for example 14 parts, 20 parts, 23 parts or 26 parts) and vitamin D3 0.08-0.2 parts (for example 0.08 parts, 0.10 parts, 0.14 parts, 0.18 parts or 0.2 parts).

[0087] Furthermore, the composite minerals include, by weight:

[0088] 13400-17100 parts of potassium sulfate (for example, 13400 parts, 13700 parts, 14000 parts, 14300 parts, 14600 parts, 15000 parts, 15300 parts, 15500 parts, 15800 parts, 16000 parts, 16300 parts, 16600 parts, 16900 parts or 17100 parts), 5600-6600 parts of sodium sulfate (for example, 5600 parts, 5700 parts, 5800 parts, 5900 parts, 6000 parts, 6100 parts, 6200 parts, 6300 parts, 6400 parts, 6500 parts 1.2 to 5.1 parts (e.g., 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 or 5.1 parts) of potassium iodide; 8000 to 15700 parts (e.g., 8000, 8500, 9000, 9500, 10000, 10500, 11000, 11500, 12000, 12500, 13000, 13500, 14000, 14500, 15000 20-45 parts (e.g., 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 or 45 parts) of ferrous sulfate, 20-30 parts (e.g., 20, 23, 25, 28 or 30 parts) of zinc sulfate, 2300-3000 parts (e.g., 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, 2900 or 3000 parts) of magnesium chloride, 13.5-16.3 parts (e.g., 13.5, 14, 14.5, 15, 15.5, 16 parts) of potassium fluoride. or 16.3 parts), sodium selenite 0.2-0.55 parts (e.g., 0.2 parts, 0.3 parts, 0.4 parts or 0.55 parts), sodium molybdate 0.01-0.1 parts (e.g., 0.01 parts, 0.03 parts, 0.05 parts, 0.08 parts or 0.1 parts), manganese sulfate 40-60 parts (e.g., 40 parts, 45 parts, 50 parts, 55 parts or 60 parts), cobalt sulfate 3.8-8.2 parts (e.g., 3.8 parts, 4.8 parts, 5.8 parts, 6.8 parts, 7.8 parts or 8.2 parts) and copper sulfate 3-8 parts (e.g., 3 parts, 5 parts, 7 parts or 8 parts).

[0089] Furthermore, the adhesive includes but is not limited to: gluten.

[0090] Furthermore, based on wet weight, the water content of the bighead carp feed is 14% to 23%, including but not limited to any one of 14%, 18%, 20% or 23% or a range between any two of them.

[0091] Furthermore, the diameter of the bighead carp feed is 1 / 8 to 1 / 5 of the mouth of the bighead carp, including but not limited to 1 / 8, 1 / 7, 1 / 6 or 1 / 5.

[0092] Furthermore, the ratio of diameter to height of the bighead carp feed is (4-8):(2-5), such as 4:5, 5:4, 6:3 or 8:2.

[0093] The bighead carp feed of the above specifications is convenient for bighead carp to eat.

[0094] Another aspect of the present invention also relates to a method for preparing the bighead carp feed, comprising the following steps:

[0095] After mixing all the components, granulation is performed.

[0096] The method for preparing the bighead carp feed is simple and easy to implement, has low preparation cost, is suitable for mass production, and has significant social and economic benefits.

[0097] Furthermore, the granulation time is 15 to 30 minutes, including but not limited to any one of 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes or 30 minutes or a range between any two of them.

[0098] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. If no specific conditions are specified in the examples, the conditions are carried out according to normal conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0099] Example 1

[0100] The preparation method of the dry powder of Ambrosia trilobata for aquatic feed provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0101] (1) 200 g of fasting bighead carp were fed with 3 g of fresh undecayed trilobate ragweed leaves per 100 g of bighead carp per day for 7 days, followed by fasting for 12 h. The bighead carp was dissected, and the midgut and hindgut wrapped by the hepatopancreas of the bighead carp were taken. Lipid was extracted at a ratio of 1 g:50 mL using petroleum ether and a Soxhlet extractor at 55° C. for 3 h. The mixture was sterilized with ultraviolet light, dried at 10° C. in the dark, and ground into powder until 95% of the powder passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain semi-defatted bighead carp liver intestine powder containing chyme.

[0102] (2) Pick fresh, unrotten leaves of Ambrosia trilobata, chop them into small pieces, and feed them to sterile-cultured adult Pomacea canaliculata snails at 12% of their body weight for 5 consecutive days at a temperature of 20° C., a humidity of 63%, and a water depth of 2 mm. On the last day, take out the adult Pomacea canaliculata snails, crush them into a paste with their shells, and obtain Ambrosia trilobata snail paste;

[0103] (3) Put the minced ambrosia trilobata, methanol and corn protein powder into a fermentation tank in a mass ratio of 12:32:9, ferment at 25°C for 24 hours, exhaust for 20 minutes every 4 hours, and ferment for 72 hours. The fermented material is placed at 55°C for 24 hours, freeze-dried at -30°C in the dark, ground into powder in the dark until 95% passes through a 150-mesh sieve, and obtain the fermented ambrosia trilobata snail source bacteria powder;

[0104] (4) By weight, 17 parts of snail-derived bacterial powder of Ambrosia trilobata fermentation, 8 parts of semi-defatted bighead carp-derived liver intestine powder containing chyme, 1 part of calcium carbonate, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and 52 parts of 0.12 mol / L sodium chloride solution were mixed to obtain Ambrosia trilobata fermentation bacterial liquid;

[0105] (5) Mix 4 parts of potassium chloride, 1 part of yeast selenium, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 13 parts of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, 20 parts of peeled tomato juice and 240 parts of purified water, by weight, and adjust the pH to 7.2 to obtain a liquid fermentation medium for ragweed;

[0106] (6) picking fresh and complete three-lobed ragweed leaves, squeezing the juice with a juicer, boiling and sterilizing, and mixing the obtained three-lobed ragweed leaf juice with 0.12 mol / L sodium chloride solution and 0.05 mol / L sodium bicarbonate solution in a ratio of 1 g:100 mL:160 mL according to the weight of the three-lobed ragweed leaves before squeezing the juice, adjusting the pH to 7.0, centrifuging at 3000 r / min at room temperature for 5 min, taking the supernatant, drying at 22° C. in the dark, grinding into powder in the dark until 95% passes through an 80-mesh sieve, and obtaining three-lobed ragweed powder to be fermented;

[0107] (7) 225 parts of the fermented powder of three-leaf ragweed and 50 parts of the fermented bacterial liquid of three-leaf ragweed were mixed evenly by weight, and the mixture was inoculated into 1800 parts of the liquid fermentation medium of three-leaf ragweed for fermentation culture. The temperature in the tank was maintained at 37° C., and the gas was exhausted every 12 hours for 14 days.

[0108] 1 wt% of a first feed is added to a fermentation culture system every day, wherein the first feed comprises: a fermentation bacterial liquid of ragweed and potato starch in a mass ratio of 13:34; 2.8 wt% of eggshell powder is added to the fermentation culture system every day, wherein 95% of the eggshell powder can pass through an 80-mesh sieve; 2.8 wt% of rice bran powder is added to the fermentation culture system every 5 days, wherein 95% of the rice bran powder can pass through an 80-mesh sieve, except for the last day;

[0109] (8) On the last day, the fermentation liquid was discharged from the fermentation tank, centrifuged at 8000 r / min for 10 min at room temperature, the supernatant was discarded, and the precipitate was dried in an oven at 100° C. to obtain the three-leaf ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed.

[0110] Example 2

[0111] The preparation method of the dry powder of Ambrosia trilobata for aquatic feed provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0112] (1) 300 g of fasting bighead carp were fed with 4 g of fresh undecayed trilobate ragweed leaves per 100 g of bighead carp per day for 10 days, followed by fasting for 15 h. The bighead carp was dissected, and the midgut and hindgut wrapped by the hepatopancreas of the bighead carp were taken. Lipid was extracted at a ratio of 2 g:40 mL using petroleum ether and a Soxhlet extractor at 60° C. for 4 h, sterilized by ultraviolet light, dried at 17.5° C. in the dark, ground into powder until 95% of the powder passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and semi-defatted bighead carp liver intestine powder containing chyme was obtained.

[0113] (2) Pick fresh, unrotten leaves of Ambrosia trilobata, chop them into small pieces, feed them to sterile-cultured adult Pomacea canaliculata snails at 19% of their body weight for 7 consecutive days at a temperature of 25° C., a humidity of 74%, and a water depth of 4 mm. On the last day, take out the adult Pomacea canaliculata snails, crush them into a paste with their shells, and obtain Ambrosia trilobata snail paste;

[0114] (3) Putting the minced ambrosia trilobata, methanol and corn protein powder into a fermentation tank at a mass ratio of 20:40:11, fermenting at 37°C for 24 hours, exhausting the air for 25 minutes every 4 hours, and releasing the tank after fermentation for 95 hours. The fermented material was allowed to stand at 60°C for 24 hours, freeze-dried at -25°C in the dark, ground into powder in the dark until 95% of the powder passed through a 150-mesh sieve, and obtained the fermented ambrosia trilobata snail fungus powder;

[0115] (4) Mix 26 parts of snail-derived bacterial powder of Ambrosia trilobata fermentation, 14 parts of semi-defatted bighead carp-derived liver intestine powder containing chyme, 3 parts of calcium carbonate, 4 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and 60 parts of 0.12 mol / L sodium chloride solution, by weight, to obtain Ambrosia trilobata fermentation bacterial solution;

[0116] (5) Mix 8 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of yeast selenium, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 15 parts of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, 30 parts of peeled tomato juice and 270 parts of purified water, by weight, and adjust the pH to 7.5 to obtain a liquid fermentation medium for ragweed;

[0117] (6) picking fresh and complete three-lobed ragweed leaves, squeezing them with a juicer, boiling and sterilizing them, and mixing the obtained three-lobed ragweed leaf juice with 0.12 mol / L sodium chloride solution and 0.05 mol / L sodium bicarbonate solution in a ratio of 1 g:110 mL:170 mL according to the weight of the three-lobed ragweed leaves before squeezing, adjusting the pH to 7.1, centrifuging at 4500 r / min at room temperature for 5 min, taking the supernatant, drying at 23.5° C. in the dark, grinding into powder in the dark until 95% passes through an 80-mesh sieve, and obtaining three-lobed ragweed powder to be fermented;

[0118] (7) 250 parts of the fermented powder of three-leaf ragweed and 65 parts of the fermented bacterial liquid of three-leaf ragweed were mixed evenly by weight, and the mixture was inoculated into 2500 parts of the liquid fermentation medium of three-leaf ragweed for fermentation and culture. The temperature in the tank was maintained at 37° C., and the gas was exhausted every 12 hours for 17 days.

[0119] 2 wt% of a first feed is added to a fermentation culture system every day, wherein the first feed comprises: a fermentation bacterial liquid of ragweed and potato starch in a mass ratio of 13:34; 3.5 wt% of eggshell powder is added to the fermentation culture system every day, wherein 95% of the eggshell powder can pass through an 80-mesh sieve; 3.5 wt% of rice bran powder is added to the fermentation culture system every 5 days, wherein 95% of the rice bran powder can pass through an 80-mesh sieve, except for the last day;

[0120] (8) On the last day, the fermentation liquid was discharged from the fermentation tank, centrifuged at 9000 r / min for 10 min at room temperature, the supernatant was discarded, and the precipitate was dried in an oven at 103° C. to obtain the three-leaf ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed.

[0121] Example 3

[0122] The preparation method of the dry powder of Ambrosia trilobata for aquatic feed provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0123] (1) 400 g of fasting bighead carp were fed with 5 g of fresh undecayed trilobate ragweed leaves per 100 g of bighead carp per day for 14 days, followed by fasting for 18 h. The bighead carp was dissected, and the midgut and hindgut wrapped by the hepatopancreas of the bighead carp were taken. Lipid was extracted at a ratio of 3 g:30 mL using petroleum ether and a Soxhlet extractor at 65° C. for 5 h. The mixture was sterilized with ultraviolet light, dried at 25° C. in the dark, and ground into powder until 95% of the powder passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain semi-defatted bighead carp liver intestine powder containing chyme.

[0124] (2) Pick fresh, unrotten leaves of Ambrosia trilobata, chop them into small pieces, feed them to sterile-cultured adult Pomacea canaliculata snails at 25% of their body weight for 10 consecutive days at a temperature of 30° C., a humidity of 84%, and a water depth of 5 mm. On the last day, take out the adult Pomacea canaliculata snails, crush them with their shells into a paste, and obtain Ambrosia trilobata snail paste;

[0125] (3) Putting the minced ambrosia trilobata, methanol and corn protein powder into a fermentation tank in a mass ratio of 28:46:13, fermenting at 42°C for 24 hours, exhausting for 25 minutes every 4 hours, and releasing the tank after fermentation for 120 hours. The fermented material was allowed to stand at 65°C for 24 hours, freeze-dried at -20°C in the dark, ground into powder in the dark until 95% of the powder passed through a 150-mesh sieve, and obtained the fermented ambrosia trilobata snail source bacteria powder;

[0126] (4) Mix 36 parts of snail-derived bacterial powder of Ambrosia trilobata fermentation, 20 parts of semi-defatted bighead carp-derived liver intestine powder containing chyme, 5 parts of calcium carbonate, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and 66 parts of 0.12 mol / L sodium chloride solution, by weight, to obtain Ambrosia trilobata fermentation bacterial liquid;

[0127] (5) Mix 12 parts of potassium chloride, 3 parts of yeast selenium, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 18 parts of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, 40 parts of peeled tomato juice and 300 parts of purified water, by weight, and adjust the pH to 7.8 to obtain a liquid fermentation medium for ragweed;

[0128] (6) picking fresh and complete three-lobed ragweed leaves, extracting juice with a juicer, boiling and sterilizing, and mixing the obtained three-lobed ragweed leaf juice with 0.12 mol / L sodium chloride solution and 0.05 mol / L sodium bicarbonate solution in a ratio of 1 g:120 mL:175 mL according to the weight of the three-lobed ragweed leaves before juicing, adjusting the pH to 7.2, centrifuging at a speed of 6000 r / min for 5 min at room temperature, taking the supernatant, drying at 25° C. in the dark, grinding into powder in the dark until 95% passes through an 80-mesh sieve, and obtaining three-lobed ragweed powder to be fermented;

[0129] (7) 273 parts of the fermented powder of three-leaf ragweed and 80 parts of the fermented bacterial liquid of three-leaf ragweed were mixed evenly by weight, and the mixture was inoculated into 3200 parts of the liquid fermentation medium of three-leaf ragweed for fermentation culture. The temperature in the tank was maintained at 37° C., and the gas was exhausted every 12 hours for 20 days.

[0130] 4 wt% of a first feed is added to a fermentation culture system every day, wherein the first feed comprises: a fermentation bacterial liquid of ragweed and potato starch in a mass ratio of 13:34; 4.4 wt% of eggshell powder is added to the fermentation culture system every day, wherein 95% of the eggshell powder can pass through an 80-mesh sieve; 4.4 wt% of rice bran powder is added to the fermentation culture system every 5 days, wherein 95% of the rice bran powder can pass through an 80-mesh sieve, except for the last day;

[0131] (8) On the last day, the fermentation liquid was discharged from the fermentation tank, centrifuged at a speed of 10000 r / min for 10 min at room temperature, the supernatant was discarded, and the precipitate was dried in an oven at 105°C to obtain the three-leaf ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed.

[0132] Example 4

[0133] The bighead carp feed provided in this embodiment uses the raw materials from Example 1, and includes the following components by weight:

[0134] 17 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of dried ragweed powder for aquatic feed, 4 parts of α-starch, 3 parts of fish oil, 3 parts of soybean oil, 1 part of composite additives, 3 parts of composite vitamins, 3 parts of composite minerals and 1 part of adhesive;

[0135] Among them, by weight, the composite additives include:

[0136] 19 parts of β-xylosidase with an enzyme activity of 134000U / g, 12 parts of polygalacturonase with an enzyme activity of 2700U / g, 7 parts of tannase with an enzyme activity of 350U / g, 10 parts of fungal acid phosphatase with an enzyme activity of 54000U / g, 10 parts of semi-defatted bighead carp liver sausage powder containing chyme, and 24 parts of snail powder fermented from ambrosia trilobata;

[0137] In terms of mass, the multivitamin includes:

[0138] Vitamin C 100 parts, Vitamin A 10 parts, Folic acid 3 parts, Vitamin E 22 parts, Pantothenic acid 5 parts, Thiamine 7 parts, Inositol 120 parts, Biotin 0.06 parts, Vitamin B6 8 parts, Vitamin K3 12 parts, Niacin 23 parts, Vitamin B12 1 part, Riboflavin 14 parts, Vitamin D3 0.08 parts;

[0139] In terms of mass fraction, the complex minerals include:

[0140] 13400 parts of potassium sulfate, 5600 parts of sodium sulfate, 1.2 parts of potassium iodide, 8000 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of ferrous sulfate, 20 parts of zinc sulfate, 2300 parts of magnesium chloride, 13.5 parts of potassium fluoride, 0.2 parts of sodium selenite, 0.01 parts of sodium molybdate, 40 parts of manganese sulfate, 3.8 parts of cobalt sulfate, and 3 parts of copper sulfate.

[0141] The preparation method of bighead carp feed in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0142] All solid feed raw materials are crushed with a pulverizer and completely passed through a 150-mesh standard sieve. Take the composite additives, add adhesives, composite vitamins, composite minerals, α-starch, dry powder of trilobate ragweed for aquatic feed, fish meal, fish oil, soybean oil and water in sequence, mix thoroughly once after adding each raw material, and finally mix thoroughly. Pour all the above feed raw materials and an appropriate amount of water into a tablet granulator according to proportion and process for 15 minutes. The moisture content of the feed is 14% based on wet weight, and finally a columnar cake-shaped granular material with a diameter: height = 4:5 and a diameter of 1 / 8 of the mouth crack of a bighead carp is made through the discharge port.

[0143] Example 5

[0144] The bighead carp feed provided in this embodiment uses the raw materials from Example 2, and includes the following components by weight:

[0145] 20 parts of fish meal, 13 parts of dried ragweed powder for aquatic feed, 7 parts of α-starch, 4 parts of fish oil, 4 parts of soybean oil, 3 parts of composite additives, 4 parts of composite vitamins, 4 parts of composite minerals and 3 parts of adhesive;

[0146] Among them, by weight, the composite additives include:

[0147] 22 parts of β-xylosidase with an enzyme activity of 150000U / g, 15 parts of polygalacturonase with an enzyme activity of 6000U / g, 10 parts of tannase with an enzyme activity of 530U / g, 11 parts of fungal acid phosphatase with an enzyme activity of 68000U / g, 15 parts of semi-defatted bighead carp liver sausage powder containing chyme, and 30 parts of snail powder fermented with Ambrosia trifida;

[0148] In terms of mass, the multivitamin includes:

[0149] Vitamin C 130 parts, Vitamin A 12 parts, Folic acid 5 parts, Vitamin E 32 parts, Pantothenic acid 7 parts, Thiamine 10 parts, Inositol 325 parts, Biotin 0.12 parts, Vitamin B6 12 parts, Vitamin K3 13 parts, Niacin 34 parts, Vitamin B12 3 parts, Riboflavin 20 parts and Vitamin D3 0.14 parts;

[0150] In terms of mass fraction, the complex minerals include:

[0151] 15250 parts of potassium sulfate, 6100 parts of sodium sulfate, 3.2 parts of potassium iodide, 11850 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 33 parts of ferrous sulfate, 25 parts of zinc sulfate, 2650 parts of magnesium chloride, 14.9 parts of potassium fluoride, 0.38 parts of sodium selenite, 0.055 parts of sodium molybdate, 50 parts of manganese sulfate, 6 parts of cobalt sulfate and 5.5 parts of copper sulfate.

[0152] The preparation method of bighead carp feed in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0153] All solid feed raw materials are crushed with a pulverizer and completely passed through a 150-mesh standard sieve. Take the composite additives, add adhesives, composite vitamins, composite minerals, α-starch, dry powder of trilobate ragweed for aquatic feed, fish meal, fish oil, soybean oil and water in sequence, fully mix once after adding each raw material, and finally fully mix evenly. Pour all the above feed raw materials and an appropriate amount of water into a tabletting granulator according to proportion and process for 23 minutes. The moisture content of the feed is 18.5% based on wet weight. It is finally made into a columnar cake-shaped granular material with a diameter: height = 3:2 and a diameter of 1 / 6 of the mouth crack of a bighead carp through the discharge port.

[0154] Example 6

[0155] The bighead carp feed provided in this embodiment uses the raw materials from Example 3, and includes the following components by weight:

[0156] 23 parts of fish meal, 16 parts of dried ragweed powder for aquatic feed, 10 parts of α-starch, 5 parts of fish oil, 5 parts of soybean oil, 5 parts of composite additives, 5 parts of composite vitamins, 5 parts of composite minerals and 5 parts of adhesive;

[0157] Among them, by weight, the composite additives include:

[0158] 26 parts of β-xylosidase with an enzyme activity of 165000U / g, 18 parts of polygalacturonase with an enzyme activity of 9100U / g, 13 parts of tannase with an enzyme activity of 720U / g, 12 parts of fungal acid phosphatase with an enzyme activity of 82000U / g, 20 parts of semi-defatted bighead carp liver sausage powder containing chyme, and 36 parts of snail powder fermented from ambrosia trilobata;

[0159] In terms of mass, the multivitamin includes:

[0160] Vitamin C 165 parts, vitamin A 15 parts, folic acid 6 parts, vitamin E 42 parts, pantothenic acid 10 parts, thiamine 13 parts, inositol 530 parts, biotin 0.18 parts, vitamin B6 17 parts, vitamin K3 13.5 parts, niacin 45 parts, vitamin B12 5 parts, riboflavin 26 parts and vitamin D3 0.2 parts;

[0161] In terms of mass fraction, the complex minerals include:

[0162] 17100 parts of potassium sulfate, 6600 parts of sodium sulfate, 5.1 parts of potassium iodide, 15700 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 45 parts of ferrous sulfate, 30 parts of zinc sulfate, 3000 parts of magnesium chloride, 16.3 parts of potassium fluoride, 0.55 parts of sodium selenite, 0.1 parts of sodium molybdate, 60 parts of manganese sulfate, 8.2 parts of cobalt sulfate and 8 parts of copper sulfate.

[0163] The preparation method of bighead carp feed in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0164] All solid feed raw materials are crushed with a pulverizer and completely passed through a 150-mesh standard sieve. Composite additives are taken, and adhesives, composite vitamins, composite minerals, α-starch, dry powder of ragweed for aquatic feed, fish meal, fish oil, soybean oil and water are added in sequence. Each time a raw material is added, it is fully mixed once, and finally fully mixed. All the above feed raw materials and an appropriate amount of water are poured into a tablet granulator according to proportion and processed for 30 minutes. The moisture content of the feed is 23% based on wet weight. The pellets are finally made into a columnar cake-shaped pellet material with a diameter: height of 8:2 and a diameter of 1 / 5 of the mouth crack of a bighead carp through the discharge port.

[0165] Experimental example

[0166] An application test was conducted on the dry powder of Ambrosia trilobata for aquatic feed and the bighead carp feed containing the dry powder, including the following contents: detection of the content of feed nutrients and toxic substances, detection of some indicators of artificial breeding of bighead carp and detection of bighead carp growth indicators.

[0167] 1 Test methods

[0168] 1.1 Test conditions

[0169] Before the experiment, the aquaculture tank was cleaned and filled with water, and then potassium permanganate was evenly sprinkled in the tank and soaked for 24 hours to disinfect it. The aquaculture water was tap water that was oxygenated by an air pump and maintained at 8 mg / L of dissolved oxygen after standing for 24 hours. The water temperature was naturally maintained between 22-27°C and the pH was 7.0-7.5.

[0170] 1.2 Experimental preparation

[0171] Several 300-500 g bighead carp of about 200 days old from the same batch that have been acclimated to artificial feed and several 9-12 kg bighead carp of 4 years old from the same batch that have been acclimated to artificial feed are selected and temporarily cultured in an indoor recirculating aquaculture system for 2 weeks. The aquatic feed provided in Example 2 is replaced with an equal amount of fermented soybean meal by the dry powder of ragweed trilobate leaf in the feed, and the composite additive is replaced with an equal amount of adhesive. Then, the bighead carp are fed according to the satiation amount to gradually adapt to the feed and the culture environment.

[0172] 200-day-old group: Healthy and uniform-sized bighead carp (400.00±12.17 g) were randomly divided into three experimental groups (experimental groups 1, 2, and 3, with 10 replicates in each group) and three control groups (control groups 1, 2, and 3, with 10 replicates in each group). They were placed in cylindrical plastic aquariums (volume: 1.5 m 3 ), the stocking density is 22 per tank (about 6kg / m 3 ).

[0173] Age 4 group: Healthy and uniform-sized bighead carp (10 ± 0.1 kg) were randomly divided into two experimental groups (experimental groups 4 and 5, 6 replicates in each group) and two control groups (control groups 4 and 5, 6 replicates in each group), and placed in square cement culture ponds (volume: 10 m 3 ), the stocking density is 10 per pond (about 10 kg / m 3 , half male and half female).

[0174] 1.3 Feeding mode

[0175] Experimental group 1: feeding the bighead carp feed provided in Example 3;

[0176] Experimental group 2: feeding the bighead carp feed provided in Example 4;

[0177] Experimental group 3: feeding the bighead carp feed provided in Example 5;

[0178] Experimental group 4: feeding the bighead carp feed provided in Example 3;

[0179] Experimental group 5: feeding the bighead carp feed provided in Example 5;

[0180] Control group 1: feeding the bighead carp feed of Example 4, except that the dry powder of Ambrosia trilobata in aquatic feed was replaced with fermented soybean meal with the same protein content;

[0181] Control group 2: feeding the bighead carp feed of Example 4, except that the dried ragweed powder in the aquatic feed was replaced with an equal amount of ragweed powder to be fermented;

[0182] Control group 3: feeding the bighead carp feed of Example 4, except that the composite additive was replaced with an equal amount of gluten;

[0183] Control group 4: feeding the bighead carp feed of Example 4, except that the dried ragweed powder in the aquatic feed was replaced with fermented soybean meal with the same protein content;

[0184] Control group 5: feeding the bighead carp feed of Example 4, except that the dried ragweed powder in the aquatic feed was replaced with fish meal with the same protein content;

[0185] The mean protein content of each tank per day during the test preparation period was used as the standard to control the protein content of each group of fish in the 200-day-old group and the 4-year-old group to be equal during the formal test phase (the 200-day-old group and the 4-year-old group were not equal). The fish were fed three times a day at a fixed time and at a fixed location. The feeding time was controlled at 8:00-9:00, 13:00-14:00, and 17:00-18:00 every day. After feeding, the feces, leftover bait and other residues in the breeding environment were sucked out with a feces suction device, and the water temperature and pH changes in the breeding environment were checked. During the feeding period, the feeding situation of each group of experimental fish was observed and recorded every day.

[0186] 1.4 Daily Management

[0187] 1.4.1 Daily management of the 200-day-old group

[0188] Before and after the experiment, the weight of all bighead carp corresponding to each experimental group was counted to calculate the body weight gain. This experiment uses an intelligent fully automatic circulating water system to control the water environment of the aquaculture water body. Every afternoon at 16:00, the activities of the farmed experimental fish were observed and the water quality conditions such as dissolved oxygen, water temperature, pH, etc. of the aquaculture water body were recorded to ensure that the experimental fish lived in a good water quality environment. Daily breeding records were kept every day. If there were any dead fish, they should be handled in time and the number of dead fish should be counted. The experimental period was 8 weeks. After the experiment, 6 bighead carp with a final average weight of ±10g in the tank were randomly selected from each tank to detect the content of related substances and growth indicators.

[0189] 1.4.2 Daily management of age group 4

[0190] This experiment uses an intelligent fully automatic circulating water system to control the water environment of the aquaculture water. Every afternoon at 16:00, the activities of the aquaculture experimental fish were observed and the water quality conditions such as dissolved oxygen, water temperature, and pH of the aquaculture water were recorded to ensure that the experimental fish lived in a good water quality environment. The experimental period was 8 weeks. After the aquaculture experiment was completed in weeks 1-4, the total weight of all groups was calculated; then 4 bighead carps (half male and half female) with a final average weight in the tank of ±50g were randomly selected from each pool for dissection and gonadal removal to calculate the gonadal index (the last day of the fourth week). In the fifth week, all groups were treated in the same way to complete the induced spawning experiment, and the survival rate of the broodstock after induced spawning was calculated (conducted and completed on the third day of the sixth week). In the sixth week, the fertilized eggs of each group were hatched at the same time, and then 200 fry were selected from each group (the first day of the seventh week). After 2 weeks of aquaculture under the same conditions (DO = 6 mg / L, T = 26℃, pH = 7.0), the survival rate of the fry after natural absorption of the yolk sac was calculated in groups on the last day of the eighth week.

[0191] 2 Test results

[0192] 2.1 Comparison of toxic substances in whole fish of 200-day-old bighead carp

[0193] The toxic substance content of whole bighead carp in the 200-day-old group was tested, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0194] Table 1 Comparison of toxic substances content in whole fish of 200-day-old bighead carp (dry weight)

[0195]

[0196] Note: Data are shown as mean ± standard error. There are significant differences between different shoulder markers (P<0.05).

[0197] As shown in Table 1, the content of toxic substances such as sesquiterpene lactones and alkaloids in the body of bighead carp fed with the feed containing the three-lobed ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed of the present invention is much lower than that of bighead carp fed with the feed containing the untreated three-lobed ragweed to be fermented powder. This shows that the three-lobed ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed of the present invention has extremely low toxicity, and the preparation process has an excellent detoxification effect on three-lobed ragweed.

[0198] 2.2 Comparison of some nutritional components and growth indicators of bighead carp in the 200-day-old group

[0199] The total amino acid content, reducing sugar content, feed efficiency, feeding rate, weight gain rate, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention rate of bighead carp in the 200-day-old group were analyzed and statistically analyzed. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0200] Table 2 Comparison of some nutrients (dry weight) and some growth indicators in the 200-day-old group

[0201]

[0202] Note: Data are shown as mean ± standard error. There are significant differences between different shoulder markers (P<0.05).

[0203] As can be seen from Table 2, in terms of nutritional indicators: the total amino acid content and reducing sugar content of the bighead carp fed with feed containing dry powder of ragweed for aquatic feed were significantly higher than those of the bighead carp fed with fermented soybean meal instead of fish meal and the bighead carp fed with untreated fermented ragweed powder instead of fish meal.

[0204] In terms of growth indicators: the dry powder of three-lobed ragweed for aquatic feed of the present invention has great advantages in replacing fermented soybean meal in bighead carp feed in terms of improving feed efficiency, feeding rate, weight gain rate, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention rate, and also has advantages over untreated three-lobed ragweed to be fermented powder.

[0205] The composite additive in the bighead carp feed of the present invention also has the effects of improving feed efficiency, feeding rate, weight gain rate, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention rate.

[0206] 2.3 Comparison of some indicators of artificial propagation of four-year-old bighead carp and its larvae and juveniles

[0207] The gonad index, parent fish survival rate after induced spawning, and fry survival rate after natural absorption of yolk sac of the 4-year-old group of bighead carp were statistically analyzed. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0208] Table 3 Comparison of some parameters of artificial propagation of four-year-old bighead carp and its larvae and juveniles

[0209]

[0210] Note: Data are shown as mean ± standard error. There are significant differences between different shoulder markers (P<0.05).

[0211] As can be seen from Table 3, the three-leaf ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed of the present invention, as the proportion of the fish meal in the bighead carp feed replaced by the dry powder is different, the bighead carp in the test group has three indicators in terms of gonad index, parent fish survival rate after induced spawning, and fry survival rate after natural absorption of yolk sac, which are close to those of the bighead carp in the control group 5 that feeds without fish meal replacement, or even slightly higher than those of the bighead carp in the control group 5.

[0212] Comparing the control group 4 and the test groups 4 and 5 which took fermented soybean meal instead of fish meal feed, the dry powder of Ambrosia trifida for aquatic feed of the present invention has a great advantage of replacing fermented soybean meal in the compound feed of bighead carp.

[0213] In summary, (1) the ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed of the present invention has extremely low toxicity, and the preparation process has an excellent detoxification effect on the ragweed; (2) the ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed of the present invention is a high-quality choice to replace fermented soybean meal in bighead carp feed, and is also a high-quality choice to replace fish meal in bighead carp feed; (3) the ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed of the present invention and the bighead carp feed containing the dry powder can improve the gonad index of bighead carp during artificial breeding, the survival rate of parent fish after induced spawning, and the survival rate of fry after natural absorption of yolk sac, and at the same time improve the total amino acid content and reducing sugar content of the whole fish of bighead carp during artificial breeding and rearing, and improve the feed efficiency, feeding rate, weight gain rate, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention rate of bighead carp.

[0214] Although the present invention has been illustrated and described with specific embodiments, it should be appreciated that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments may be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. However, these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, this means that all such replacements and modifications within the scope of the present invention are included in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing dry powder of Ambrosia trilobata for aquatic feed, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (a) feeding bighead carp with ragweed leaves, fasting and dissecting the bighead carp, taking out the mid-gut and hind-gut wrapped by the hepatopancreas of the bighead carp, performing liposuction, sterilization and primary drying to obtain semi-defatted bighead carp-derived liver intestine powder containing chyme; (b) feeding Ambrosia trilobata leaves to the Pomacea canaliculata snails and then crushing the leaves to obtain Ambrosia trilobata snail paste; fermenting, standing and freeze-drying a mixture of Ambrosia trilobata snail paste, methanol and corn protein powder to obtain Ambrosia trilobata fermented snail source bacteria powder; (c) inoculating the to-be-fermented ragweed powder and the fermented bacterial liquid of the ragweed into a fermented liquid culture medium of the ragweed for fermentation, performing a first centrifugation and a second drying to obtain the ragweed dry powder for aquatic feed; Wherein, the fermented bacterial liquid of Ambrosia trilobata comprises, by weight: The present invention comprises 17 to 36 parts of the fermented snail-derived bacteria powder of Ambrosia trilobata, 8 to 20 parts of the semi-defatted bighead carp-derived chyme-containing liver sausage powder, 1 to 5 parts of calcium carbonate, 3 to 5 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 52 to 66 parts of sodium chloride solution.

2. The method for preparing the dry powder of Ambrosia trilobata for aquatic feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes at least one of the following technical features: (1) In step (b), the mass ratio of the ambrosia trilobata minced meat, the methanol and the corn gluten powder is 12-28:32-46:9-13; (2) The fermentation liquid medium of ragweed trilobate comprises, by weight, 4 to 12 parts of potassium chloride, 1 to 3 parts of yeast selenium, 1 to 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 13 to 18 parts of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, 20 to 40 parts of peeled tomato juice and 240 to 300 parts of water, with a pH of 7.2 to 7.8; (3) The mass ratio of the three-leaf ragweed fermentation powder, the three-leaf ragweed fermentation bacterial liquid and the three-leaf ragweed fermentation liquid culture medium is 225-273:50-80:1800-3200.

3. The method for preparing the dry powder of Ambrosia trifida for aquatic feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the three-lobed ragweed fermented powder comprises: The sterilized juice of three-lobed ragweed leaves, the sodium chloride solution and the sodium bicarbonate solution are mixed to obtain a first mixed system; the first mixed system is subjected to a second centrifugation and light-proof drying to obtain the three-lobed ragweed to-be-fermented powder; Preferably, the ratio of the raw material leaves for preparing the sterilized trilobate ragweed leaf juice, the sodium chloride solution and the sodium bicarbonate solution is 1 g: (100-120) mL: (160-175) mL.

4. The method for preparing the dry powder of Ambrosia trifida for aquatic feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes at least one of the following technical features: (1) The fermentation temperature is 25 to 42° C.; (2) The fermentation time is 72 to 120 hours; (3) the temperature of the static state is 55 to 65° C.; (4) The standing time is 20 to 28 hours; (5) The fermentation temperature is 35-39°C; (6) The fermentation culture time is 14 to 20 days.

5. The method for preparing the dry powder of Ambrosia trifida for aquatic feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the fermentation culture, feeding is performed, and the feeding comprises at least one of the following steps: (1) adding 1 wt% to 4 wt% of a first feed to the fermentation culture system every day, wherein the first feed comprises: a fermentation bacterial liquid of Ambrosia trifida and potato starch in a mass ratio of 10 to 15:34; (2) adding 2.8 wt % to 4.4 wt % of eggshell powder to the fermentation culture system every other day; (3) adding 2.8 wt% to 4.4 wt% of rice bran powder to the fermentation culture system every 5 days.

6. The dry powder of Ambrosia trilobata for aquatic feed prepared by the method for preparing dry powder of Ambrosia trilobata for aquatic feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. A bighead carp feed, characterized in that: According to the weight percentage, it includes the following components: 17-23 parts of fish meal, 10-16 parts of the dry powder of ragweed for aquatic feed according to claim 6, 4-10 parts of α-starch, 3-5 parts of fish oil, 3-5 parts of soybean oil, 1-5 parts of composite additives, 3-5 parts of composite vitamins, 3-5 parts of composite minerals and 1-5 parts of adhesive.

8. The bighead carp feed according to claim 7, characterized in that: In terms of weight percentage, the composite additive comprises: 19-26 parts of beta-xylosidase with an enzyme activity of 134000-165000U / g, 12-18 parts of polygalacturonase with an enzyme activity of 2700-9100U / g, 7-13 parts of tannase with an enzyme activity of 350-720U / g, 10-12 parts of fungal acid phosphatase with an enzyme activity of 54000-82000U / g, 10-20 parts of the semi-defatted bighead carp-derived chyme-containing liver sausage powder and 24-36 parts of the trilobate ragweed fermented snail-derived fungus powder.

9. The bighead carp feed according to claim 7, characterized in that: Calculated by weight, the multivitamin comprises: Vitamin C 100-165 parts, vitamin A 10-15 parts, folic acid 3-6 parts, vitamin E 22-42 parts, pantothenic acid 5-10 parts, thiamine 7-13 parts, inositol 120-530 parts, biotin 0.06-0.18 parts, vitamin B6 8-17 parts, vitamin K3 12-13.5 parts, niacin 23-45 parts, vitamin B12 1-5 parts, riboflavin 14-26 parts and vitamin D3 0.08-0.2 parts.

10. The bighead carp feed according to claim 7, characterized in that: In terms of mass fraction, the composite minerals include: 13400-17100 parts of potassium sulfate, 5600-6600 parts of sodium sulfate, 1.2-5.1 parts of potassium iodide, 8000-15700 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 20-45 parts of ferrous sulfate, 20-30 parts of zinc sulfate, 2300-3000 parts of magnesium chloride, 13.5-16.3 parts of potassium fluoride, 0.2-0.55 parts of sodium selenite, 0.01-0.1 parts of sodium molybdate, 40-60 parts of manganese sulfate, 3.8-8.2 parts of cobalt sulfate and 3-8 parts of copper sulfate.

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