Method for increasing conception rate of female donkey during artificial insemination

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of breeding in animal husbandry, in particular to a method for increasing the conception rate of female donkey artificial insemination, which comprises the following steps: dissolving penicillin and streptomycin in normal saline before hybridization or 12 hours after ovulation hybridization, injecting the solution into the uterus of a female donkey, and massaging the uterus; meanwhile, an injector and a semen deposition outer sleeve need to be disinfected, the diet of a female donkey is regulated and controlled, clean drinking water and a dry and ventilated living environment are guaranteed, and reproductive organ inspection, pretreatment and health monitoring are implemented. Comprising the steps of medicine dissolution and injection, uterus massage, reproductive organ examination and pretreatment, diet and drinking regulation and control, experimental environment optimization and real-time monitoring and the like, the conception rate of female donkey artificial insemination is effectively increased, the breeding efficiency is improved, the production cost is reduced, the health of female donkeys is fully considered, and meanwhile, the production cost is reduced. The accuracy and the reliability of an experiment result are ensured through rigorous experiment recording and data analysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry reproduction, in particular to a method for increasing the artificial insemination conception rate of a female donkey. Background Art

[0002] In current livestock production, although artificial insemination technology for female donkeys has been applied to a certain extent, the conception rate is still relatively low, which has become a problem restricting the development of the donkey breeding industry. Traditional artificial insemination methods often lack comprehensive monitoring and precise management of the female donkey's reproductive system, resulting in many uncertain factors in the insemination process, affecting the stability of the conception rate.

[0003] On the one hand, the health status of the female donkey's reproductive system is one of the key factors affecting the conception rate. However, under the current breeding model, the inspection and treatment of the female donkey's reproductive system are often not timely and comprehensive, resulting in some potential reproductive system diseases not being discovered and treated in time, thus affecting the female donkey's ability to conceive.

[0004] On the other hand, the overall health level of the female donkey is also directly related to its reproductive performance. During the breeding process, if the female donkey's diet, living environment and other aspects are not scientifically and reasonably arranged and managed, its body function will decline, which will in turn affect the normal function of the reproductive system. For example, malnutrition, unclean drinking water, poor living environment and other factors may lead to dysfunction of the female donkey's reproductive system and reduce the conception rate.

[0005] Therefore, how to propose a method that can effectively improve the artificial insemination conception rate of female donkeys in response to the above problems has become a technical problem that needs to be solved in current animal husbandry production. Summary of the invention

[0006] Technical issues solved

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for increasing the artificial insemination conception rate of female donkeys. The present invention effectively improves the artificial insemination conception rate of female donkeys through precise operating steps and management measures, including drug dissolution and injection, uterine massage, reproductive organ examination and pretreatment, diet and drinking water regulation, experimental environment optimization and real-time monitoring, etc. The method not only improves the breeding efficiency and reduces the production cost, but also fully considers the health of the female donkey. At the same time, the present invention also ensures the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results through rigorous experimental records and data analysis, and provides a basis and practical experience for further optimizing and improving the artificial insemination conception rate of female donkeys. The implementation of the present invention is of great significance for promoting the development of animal husbandry and improving the economic and social benefits of donkey breeding.

[0008] Technical Solution

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0010] A method for increasing the artificial insemination conception rate of a female donkey, the steps of the method are as follows:

[0011] For female donkeys that are not pregnant after mating in the 3rd to 4th estrus, 12 hours before mating, take 3.2 million units of penicillin and 2 million units of streptomycin, put them in 50 ml of 0.9% physiological saline, and use a vortex shaker at a speed of 2000 rpm for 3 minutes to dissolve the drugs;

[0012] Use a 50ml syringe with a minimum scale of 1ml to connect the insemination jacket with a length of 30cm and an outer diameter of 8mm. After the syringe and the insemination jacket are tightly connected, slowly inject the dissolved drug into the uterus. During the injection, the syringe is inserted 10-15cm into the cervical opening at a 45-degree angle to the horizontal plane to inject the drug. At the same time, the operator wears sterile gloves, puts fingers together and straightens them, and massages the uterus through the rectum at a frequency of 30 times per minute, starting from the top of the uterine horn to the uterine body, and then from the uterine body to the cervix, so that the drug solution is fully in contact with the endometrium;

[0013] Alternatively, 12 hours after the female donkey ovulates and mates, first dissolve 3.2 million units of penicillin and 2 million units of streptomycin in 50 ml of 0.9% saline in the same way, and inject it into the uterus with the above-mentioned syringe and insemination jacket combination, with an insertion depth of 12-18 cm. After an interval of 24 hours, take 10 ml of gentamicin and 10 ml of kanamycin, use the same specification syringe and a new insemination jacket, and inject it into the uterus at the same angle of 10-15 cm.

[0014] Furthermore, when the first drug injection is performed 12 hours before mating or 12 hours after ovulation and mating, the syringe and insemination jacket used must be disinfected before use. First, the syringe and insemination jacket are disassembled and placed in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and the ultrasonic frequency is set to 40kHz and the power is 300W for cleaning for 10 minutes. Then, the cleaned parts are placed in a high-temperature and high-pressure sterilizer, and the temperature is set to 121°C, the pressure is set to 0.1MPa, and the sterilization time is set to 20 minutes. After sterilization, the syringe and insemination jacket are placed in a sterile sealed container that has been disinfected with ultraviolet light for 30 minutes. Before use, check on a Class 100 clean bench with a microscope at a magnification of 40 times to check for residual contaminants.

[0015] Furthermore, the preparation of 0.9% physiological saline used in the drug dissolution process requires weighing sodium chloride with an electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.001g, and fixing the volume with a volumetric flask with a capacity of 100ml and an accuracy of 0.1ml. The osmotic pressure is measured with an osmotic pressure meter, and the value is between 280-320mOsm / L. The pH is measured with an acidity meter, and the pH value is between 7.0-7.5. The microbial content is detected by a membrane filtration method, and the physiological saline is filtered with a pore size 0.45μm filter membrane. The filter membrane is placed on a nutrient agar medium and cultured at 37°C for 48 hours. No microorganisms grow. When stored, it is placed in a medicine refrigerator at a temperature of 2-8°C. Before use, check that the packaging is intact and there is no leakage or deterioration. It is used up within 24 hours after opening.

[0016] Furthermore, when massaging the uterus through the rectum, the operator must undergo veterinary anatomy training and palpate the uterus rectum before massage to understand its tension and texture. The initial massage intensity is a force that can push the uterus to move 1 cm, and the force is increased by 0.5N each time. The massage frequency is 30-40 times per minute. During circular massage, the fingers make circular movements along the uterine wall with a radius of 5 cm. During directional push massage, the massage is pushed along the direction of the physiological curvature of the uterus, with each push distance of 3-5 cm. If the donkey shows any abnormal reaction during massage, the massage is stopped and checked.

[0017] Furthermore, during the first drug injection 12 hours after ovulation and the second drug injection 24 hours after ovulation, the injection speed of the drug is determined according to the individual differences of the donkeys, the state of the uterus and the nature of the drug. First, the uterus is examined by rectal ultrasound to measure its length, width and thickness, and the contraction ability is evaluated. The speed is determined by combining the donkey's age, weight, body condition score, drug viscosity and irritation. When the donkey has strong uterine contraction ability, is young and healthy, and has low drug viscosity, the injection speed shall not exceed 10 ml per minute.

[0018] When the uterus is relaxed, the patient is old or the drug is highly irritating, the injection speed is 3-5 ml per minute. The speed is set using an electronic syringe, and a timer with an accuracy of 0.1 second is used to record the time for each 5 ml of drug injected to ensure that the drug is evenly and stably injected into the uterus.

[0019] Furthermore, before implementing this method on a female donkey that has not become pregnant after 3-4 matings, its reproductive organs must be examined by visual inspection, palpation, and ultrasound. The visual inspection is conducted in an examination room with a light intensity of 500 lux. After the female donkey is restrained, the color of the vaginal mucosa, the presence of ulcers and tumors, the shape of the cervix, the size of the opening, and secretions are observed. During palpation, the operator wears sterile gloves and applies lubricant, then inserts his / her finger into the vagina to touch the cervix, the texture, size, and presence of nodules and lumps of the uterine body, and to feel the activity and sensitivity of the uterus. Ultrasound examination is performed. Use a 5MHz veterinary ultrasonic diagnostic device to perform cross-sectional and longitudinal scans of the uterus and fallopian tubes to observe the thickness of the uterine wall, endometrial echo, whether there is fluid accumulation, whether the fallopian tubes are unobstructed, and whether there is fluid accumulation and thickening. If there are uterine malformations, fallopian tube blockages, and pyometra, first take corresponding treatments, such as surgical correction of uterine malformations, tubal insufflation or minimally invasive surgery to clear fallopian tube blockage, and pyometra to drain the pus and treat anti-infection. This method can be implemented after the reproductive system is normal or meets the conditions.

[0020] Furthermore, in the process of implementing the method, the diet of the female donkey needs to be regulated. For an adult female donkey weighing 300-400 kg in the breeding period, the crude protein content in the daily feed is 12%-15%, provided by soybean meal and alfalfa hay, and the added amounts of vitamins A, D and E are 4000-6000 international units, 800-1000 international units and 40-60 international units per kilogram of feed, respectively, added with a premixed vitamin preparation, and the calcium-phosphorus ratio is 1.5-2:1, and stone powder and calcium hydrogen phosphate are added. The female donkey is fed 3-4 times a day, and the amount of each feeding is guaranteed to be eaten by the female donkey within 30-40 minutes. The amount is adjusted according to the weight change, body condition score and seasonal changes of the female donkey, the proportion of energy feed is increased in winter, and the feeding amount is reduced when the weight increases or the body condition is too fat.

[0021] Furthermore, in the process of implementing this method, it is necessary to ensure that the female donkey has an adequate supply of clean drinking water. The water source must meet the hygiene standards, and purified tap water or deep well water is preferred. The total bacteria in the water should be tested regularly by the plate colony count method, and no more than 100 per milliliter. The Escherichia coli group should be tested by the multiple tube fermentation method, and no coli should be detected per 100 milliliters. The drinking trough should be cleaned daily, soaked and disinfected with a chlorine-containing disinfectant at a concentration of 100ppm for 30 minutes, and then rinsed with clean water. In summer, it should be cooled at room temperature or with ice, and heated to 10-15℃ in winter.

[0022] Furthermore, during the implementation of this method, the living environment of the female donkey needs to be kept dry, well-ventilated, and hygienic, with temperature and humidity controlled within an appropriate range. The floor of the donkey house is paved with cement with a slope of 3%, and is cleaned twice a day. The ventilation adopts a combination of natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation, with 6-8 air changes per hour. In summer, the temperature is controlled at 25-30°C with a sunshade net and a spray cooling system. In winter, thermal insulation materials are used for insulation, and heating equipment is used to maintain the temperature at 5-15°C. The humidity is monitored by a humidity sensor and controlled at 40%-70%. Ventilation and dehumidification are performed when the humidity is high, and spray humidification is performed when the humidity is low.

[0023] Beneficial Effects

[0024] Compared with the known public technology, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0025] Beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The present invention adopts a drug injection scheme, including precise drug ratio, dissolution, injection time and injection speed control, combined with uterine massage techniques, to effectively promote the full contact and action between the drug and the endometrium, and provide a more suitable implantation environment for the fertilized egg. This method significantly improves the conception rate of artificial insemination of female donkeys, provides an effective technical means for solving the breeding problem of female donkeys, and has a positive role in promoting the development of animal husbandry.

[0027] 2. The present invention not only focuses on the improvement of conception rate, but also takes into account the reproductive and overall health status of the female donkey. Through the implementation of reproductive organ inspection and pretreatment, diet planning and management, sufficient clean drinking water supply, and dry and well-ventilated living environment and other measures, the reproductive health of the female donkey is effectively guaranteed, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, and the overall health level and reproductive performance of the female donkey are improved. This management method provides a strong guarantee for the healthy reproduction of the female donkey and improves the breeding efficiency and economic benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0030] 1. Experimental preparation stage

[0031] (I) Screening of experimental animals

[0032] Female donkeys that failed to become pregnant after 3-4 estrus matings were carefully selected as the research subjects of this experiment. During the selection process, basic information such as the past breeding history, breeding cycle, and health status of each female donkey was recorded in detail to provide comprehensive data support for subsequent experimental analysis.

[0033] (II) Preparation of drugs and reagents

[0034] Weigh 3.2 million units of penicillin and 2 million units of streptomycin and place them in 50 ml of 0.9% saline prepared according to the standard. The preparation process of the saline is as follows: weigh sodium chloride using an electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.001 g, then dissolve it in an appropriate amount of distilled pure water, and then transfer it to a volumetric flask with a capacity of 100 ml and an accuracy of 0.1 ml, and dilute it to the scale line with distilled water. After preparation, use an osmotic pressure meter to measure its osmotic pressure to ensure that the value is accurately between 280-320 mOsm / L;

[0035] Use an acidometer to measure the pH and ensure that the pH value is stable within the range of 7.0-7.5;

[0036] In terms of microbial content detection, the membrane filtration method is used to filter physiological saline with a filter membrane with a pore size of 0.45μm. The filter membrane is placed on a nutrient agar medium and cultured at a constant temperature of 37°C for 48 hours. After the test confirms that there is no microbial growth, it is stored in a drug refrigerator with a temperature strictly controlled at 2-8°C;

[0037] Before use, carefully check the integrity of the packaging to ensure there is no leakage or deterioration, and be sure to use it up within 24 hours after opening.

[0038] Additionally, prepare 10 ml of gentamicin and 10 ml of kanamycin for subsequent stage-specific treatments.

[0039] (III) Preparation and calibration of experimental equipment

[0040] Prepare several 50ml syringes with a minimum graduation of 1ml and an insemination jacket with a length of 30cm and an outer diameter of 8mm.

[0041] Before use, these instruments should be fully disinfected:

[0042] First, carefully disassemble the syringe and insemination jacket, put them into the ultrasonic cleaning machine, set the ultrasonic frequency to a precise 40kHz and power to 300W, and perform a deep cleaning for up to 10 minutes;

[0043] After cleaning, transfer the parts to a high-temperature and high-pressure sterilizer, set the temperature to 121°C, the pressure to 0.1MPa, and the sterilization time to 20 minutes;

[0044] After sterilization, store it in a sterile sealed container sterilized by ultraviolet light for 30 minutes.

[0045] Before actual use, it was placed again on a Class 100 clean bench and carefully inspected using a microscope at 40 times magnification to ensure that there were no residual contaminants, in order to ensure the sterility and safety of the experimental operation.

[0046] Prepare a series of equipment and materials required for the experiment, including vortex oscillator, ultrasonic cleaning machine, high-temperature and high-pressure sterilizer, ultraviolet disinfected sterile sealed containers, Class 100 clean workbench, microscope, electronic syringe, timer with an accuracy of 0.1 second, visual examination room (light intensity strictly controlled at 500 lux), veterinary ultrasound diagnostic instrument (frequency stable at 5MHz), special gloves for rectal palpation and high-quality lubricants, drinking troughs, chlorine-containing disinfectants, high-precision humidity sensors, high-efficiency heating equipment, advanced ventilation equipment (including natural ventilation equipment and mechanical ventilation equipment), sunshade nets, spray cooling systems, thermal insulation materials, etc., and ensure that all equipment has been strictly calibrated and debugged and is in the best working condition.

[0047] (IV) Professional training and assessment of laboratory personnel

[0048] Organize operators to participate in professional veterinary anatomy training courses, study in depth the delicate structure of the female donkey's reproductive system, and master the professional skills of rectal palpation and precise massage of the uterus.

[0049] During the training process, through theoretical explanations, practical demonstrations, simulation exercises and other methods, we ensure that operators can accurately identify various parts of the uterus and understand the effects of different massage methods on the physiological functions of the uterus.

[0050] Carry out training on experimental instrument operation skills to guide operators to become familiar with and correctly use various experimental instruments, including precise suction and pushing operations of syringes, correct connection and insertion techniques of insemination sleeves, image interpretation and parameter setting of ultrasonic diagnostic equipment, etc.

[0051] Through repeated practice and actual operation assessment, we ensure that operators can use these instruments skillfully and accurately to complete various experimental tasks.

[0052] Organize training on standardized drug use, explain in detail the correct methods and key points of drug dissolution and dilution, as well as the importance and skills of controlling drug injection speed.

[0053] Operators need to have an in-depth understanding of the properties, mechanisms of action and metabolic characteristics of different drugs in the female donkey's body, and reasonably adjust the drug injection rate according to individual differences in the female donkey and the state of the uterus to ensure that the drugs can work safely and effectively.

[0054] After the training, strict theoretical and practical operation assessments will be conducted, and only operators who pass the assessments can participate in the experiments.

[0055] (V) Optimization and regulation of experimental environment

[0056] The floor of the donkey shed is treated and paved with high-quality cement to ensure that the ground is flat and solid, and a reasonable slope of 3% is set to facilitate daily cleaning and drainage, effectively keeping the ground dry and clean.

[0057] Build a complete ventilation system that combines natural ventilation with mechanical ventilation. According to the size of the donkey house and the breeding density, reasonably adjust the ventilation equipment parameters to ensure that the air changes per hour are stable at 6-8 times, always keep the air in the donkey house fresh, effectively reduce the concentration of harmful gases such as ammonia, and create a good breathing environment for the female donkeys.

[0058] Install advanced temperature and humidity control equipment to accurately control the temperature and humidity in the donkey house within an appropriate range. During the high temperature period in summer, make full use of the sunshade net to block direct sunlight, and start the spray cooling system to strictly control the temperature between 25-30℃ to prevent the female donkeys from heatstroke due to high temperature. During the cold winter period, lay thermal insulation materials throughout the house and use heating equipment reasonably to keep the temperature of the donkey house stable at 5-15℃ to ensure that the female donkeys are protected from the cold.

[0059] High-precision humidity sensors are used to monitor humidity changes in real time and accurately control humidity at 40%-70%. When the humidity is high, ventilation equipment is started in time to perform dehumidification operations. When the humidity is low, spray humidification is used to provide a comfortable temperature and humidity environment for the female donkey.

[0060] (VI) Diet planning and management of donkeys

[0061] For adult female donkeys weighing 300-400 kg and in the breeding period, the daily feed formula is formulated to ensure that the crude protein content in the feed is stable between 12% and 15%. High-quality soybean meal and alfalfa hay are used as the main sources of crude protein to provide sufficient nutritional support for the female donkeys.

[0062] Reasonable addition of vitamins A, D, and E, with the addition amount of 4000-6000 international units, 800-1000 international units, and 40-60 international units per kilogram of feed respectively, using professional premixed vitamin preparations to ensure uniform addition of vitamins and accurate dosage. Strictly control the calcium-phosphorus ratio between 1.5-2:1, and use high-quality stone powder and calcium hydrogen phosphate as calcium and phosphorus supplements to meet the special nutritional needs of female donkeys during reproduction.

[0063] Develop a scientific feeding plan and feed 3-4 times a day. Based on the donkey's eating habits and digestive characteristics, the amount of food fed each time is precisely controlled to ensure that the donkey can finish eating within 30-40 minutes.

[0064] Pay close attention to the changes in the female donkey's weight, body condition score and seasonal changes, and adjust the feed formula and feeding amount in a timely manner. In winter, appropriately increase the proportion of energy feed to help the female donkey resist the cold. When the female donkey gains weight or is too fat, reduce the feeding amount in a timely manner to prevent obesity from having a negative impact on reproductive performance.

[0065] (VII) Health examination and pretreatment of female donkeys

[0066] Inspection process:

[0067] In a professional examination room with a stable light intensity of 500 lux, after the female donkey was safely secured, an experienced veterinarian conducted a comprehensive visual examination.

[0068] Carefully observe the color of the vaginal mucosa to determine whether it is normal, whether there is congestion, paleness or other abnormal color changes. Comprehensively check whether there are ulcers, tumors and other lesions in the vagina, and record their shape, size and location in detail.

[0069] Carefully examine the shape of the cervix, measure the size of its opening, assess whether it is in a normal physiological state, carefully observe the amount, color, texture and smell of cervical secretions, and preliminarily judge the health of the uterus.

[0070] Palpation process:

[0071] The operator strictly follows the aseptic operation specifications, wears sterile gloves and applies an appropriate amount of high-quality lubricant, then slowly and gently reaches into the vagina, carefully touches the cervix, feels its texture, elasticity and mobility, comprehensively explores the uterine body, and assesses its size, shape, texture, and the presence of nodules, lumps and other abnormalities. At the same time, pay attention to the mobility and sensitivity of the uterus, and use professional techniques to determine whether the physiological state of the uterus is normal.

[0072] Ultrasound examination process:

[0073] Using a veterinary ultrasound diagnostic device with a precise and stable frequency of 5MHz, professionally trained technicians performed comprehensive and detailed cross-sectional and longitudinal scans of the donkey's uterus and fallopian tubes.

[0074] Accurately measure the thickness of the uterine wall, observe the echo of the endometrium, determine whether the endometrium is uniform, whether there are abnormal manifestations such as thickening or thinning, carefully check whether there is fluid accumulation in the uterus, and determine the location, range and nature of the fluid accumulation.

[0075] Detailed examination of the patency of the fallopian tubes, observation of whether the diameter of the fallopian tubes is normal, whether there is any accumulation of water or thickening of the fallopian tubes, and accurate judgment of the functional status of the fallopian tubes.

[0076] If any abnormality such as uterine malformation, fallopian tube obstruction, uterine pyometra, etc. is found in the female donkey during the examination, an expert team will be immediately organized to conduct a comprehensive evaluation and formulate a personalized treatment plan. For uterine malformation, the appropriate surgical timing and method will be selected for correction according to the type and severity of the malformation. For fallopian tube obstruction, advanced fallopian tube hydrotubation or minimally invasive surgery will be used for unblocking. For uterine pyometra, precise drainage of pus will be performed first, and then sensitive antibiotics will be selected for anti-infection treatment based on the results of the drug sensitivity test. Only after the reproductive system of the female donkey returns to normal or meets the experimental requirements can the method of increasing the artificial insemination conception rate of the female donkey be implemented.

[0077] 2. Key operating steps of drug injection and uterine massage

[0078] (I) 12 hours before breeding process

[0079] Drug dissolution operation:

[0080] According to the pre-established standard operating procedure, 3.2 million units of penicillin and 2 million units of streptomycin were placed in 50 ml of 0.9% normal saline, placed on a vortex oscillator, set the speed to 2000 rpm, start the oscillation program, and continue oscillating for 3 minutes to ensure that the drugs are fully and evenly dissolved.

[0081] Equipment preparation and inspection:

[0082] Select a suitable 50ml syringe with a minimum scale of 1ml, and connect it tightly to the insemination jacket with a length of 30cm and an outer diameter of 8mm. Before connecting, check the syringe and the insemination jacket again to ensure that there is no damage or defects.

[0083] The disinfection process of the syringe and insemination jacket is as follows: first, they are cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaning machine with an ultrasonic frequency of 40kHz and a power of 300W for 10 minutes, then sterilized in a high-temperature and high-pressure sterilizer with a temperature of 121°C, a pressure of 0.1MPa, and a sterilization time of 20 minutes, and finally stored in a sterile sealed container disinfected by ultraviolet light for 30 minutes. Before use, a final inspection is carried out on a Class 100 clean bench with a microscope at a magnification of 40 times to ensure that there are no residual contaminants and to ensure the sterility and safety of the equipment.

[0084] Drug infusion and uterine massage work together:

[0085] The operator follows the aseptic operation principles, wears sterile gloves, takes out the connected and sterilized syringe and insemination jacket, holds the syringe at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal plane, slowly inserts it into the appropriate position 10-15 cm from the cervical opening, and slowly injects the dissolved drug at a predetermined speed and dosage.

[0086] While the drug is being injected, the operator will straighten and close their fingers together, and massage the uterus through the rectum with a gentle and even force. The massage frequency is 30 times per minute. The massage sequence is to start from the top of the uterine horn, and perform circular massage along the physiological structure of the uterus toward the uterine body. The fingers will make circular movements along the uterine wall with a radius of 5 cm, with moderate force, which can promote uterine blood circulation without causing damage to the uterus. Then, a directional push massage is performed from the uterine body to the cervix. The push distance is controlled at 3-5 cm each time, and the push direction is consistent with the physiological curvature of the uterus. The massage force is initially set to a force that can push the uterus to move 1 cm. Then, according to the tolerance of the donkey and the reaction of the uterus, it is increased by 0.5N each time to ensure the best massage effect and no discomfort reaction of the donkey. During the entire operation, the operator pays close attention to the reaction of the donkey. If the donkey has any abnormal reaction (such as strong struggle, painful cry, etc.), the operation is stopped immediately and a comprehensive inspection is carried out, and the treatment plan is adjusted in time.

[0087] (II) Treatment plan 12 hours after ovulation and mating

[0088] First-time drug injection steps:

[0089] Following the same precise operating procedures as 12 hours before mating, dissolve 3.2 million units of penicillin and 2 million units of streptomycin in 50 ml of 0.9% saline, ensuring that the drugs are fully and evenly dissolved.

[0090] Select a sterilized syringe and insemination jacket combination (sterilization process is the same as before), hold the syringe at a 45-degree angle to the horizontal plane, accurately insert it into the uterus to a depth of 12-18cm, and prepare to inject the drug.

[0091] Before injecting the drug, a comprehensive assessment of the donkey's uterus is first conducted through rectal ultrasound examination to measure the length, width, and thickness of the uterus, and the uterine contraction ability is evaluated based on indicators such as the contraction frequency and amplitude of the uterine muscle layer. At the same time, the donkey's age, weight, body condition score, drug viscosity, irritation and other factors are comprehensively considered to determine a reasonable drug injection speed. If the uterus has strong contraction ability, the donkey is young and healthy, and the drug viscosity is low, the injection speed can be appropriately accelerated, but not more than 10 ml per minute; if the uterus is relaxed, the donkey is old, or the drug is highly irritating, the injection speed should be slowed down to 3-5 ml per minute.

[0092] An electronic syringe is used to set the precise speed, and is paired with a timer with an accuracy of 0.1 seconds. The time for each 5 ml of drug injection is accurately recorded to ensure that the drug is injected into the uterus evenly and stably, avoiding adverse effects on the uterus due to improper injection speed.

[0093] The second drug injection after 24 hours:

[0094] Measure 10 ml of gentamicin and 10 ml of kanamycin using a sterilized syringe of the same specification and a new insemination jacket.

[0095] Insert the insemination sleeve into the appropriate position 10-15cm from the uterus at the same standard angle (45 degrees) as the first injection. Similarly, before injecting the drug, re-evaluate the state of the female donkey's uterus, and determine the injection speed of this drug according to the specific condition of the uterus at that time (such as the contraction ability of the uterus, the recovery of the endometrium, etc.) and the characteristics of the drug according to the established speed control principles. During the injection process, continue to observe the state of the female donkey and pay close attention to whether the female donkey has any discomfort reaction to ensure that the drug is injected smoothly and that no abnormalities occur in the female donkey.

[0096] 3. Comprehensive monitoring and meticulous management during the experiment

[0097] (1) Strict monitoring of donkey diet and drinking water

[0098] Diet monitoring:

[0099] Feed the donkey on time every day according to the predetermined feeding plan. During the feeding process, carefully observe the donkey's eating behavior and eating speed, record the time when the donkey starts eating, the duration of eating, and the amount of feed eaten each time, to ensure that each feeding amount can be eaten by the donkey within the specified 30-40 minutes.

[0100] If the female donkey is found to be eating abnormally (such as eating too slowly, being picky about food, or refusing to eat, etc.), analyze the reasons immediately, which may include changes in the taste of the feed, health problems of the female donkey, or the influence of environmental factors.

[0101] According to the weight change trend, body condition score and seasonal changes of the female donkey, the feed formula and feeding amount should be adjusted in time. In winter, considering that the female donkey needs more energy to resist the cold, the proportion of energy feed (such as corn, sorghum, etc.) should be appropriately increased. When the female donkey gains weight too quickly or is too fat, the amount of high-energy, high-fat feed should be reduced and the proportion of roughage should be increased to prevent obesity from causing a series of health problems, such as endocrine disorders and reproductive disorders.

[0102] Drinking water monitoring:

[0103] Ensure that the female donkey has sufficient supply of clean drinking water at all times, conduct water quality testing at least once a week, use the plate colony count method to test the total number of bacteria in the water, and ensure that there are no more than 100 per milliliter, and use the multiple tube fermentation method to test the Escherichia coli group to ensure that no Escherichia coli is detected in every 100 milliliters of water.

[0104] Clean the water trough daily. First, rinse off the surface dirt with clean water. Then prepare a disinfection solution with a chlorine-containing disinfectant at a concentration of 100ppm. Soak the water trough for disinfection for 30 minutes. Finally, rinse it with clean water to ensure that the water trough is clean and sterile.

[0105] Adjust the drinking water temperature according to seasonal changes. In summer, provide drinking water at room temperature or with ice, depending on the temperature, to prevent the female donkey from getting heatstroke due to drinking overheated water. In winter, heat the drinking water to 10-15℃ to ensure that the female donkey can drink warm water in cold weather, reducing the impact of cold stimulation on the female donkey's body.

[0106] (II) Dynamic monitoring of the reproductive system of female donkeys

[0107] During the critical period after drug injection (7-10 days), arrange for veterinarians to perform rectal ultrasound examinations on the female donkeys every day or every other day using a veterinary ultrasound diagnostic instrument, focusing on observing the dynamic changes of the uterus and fallopian tubes, including the changing trend of uterine wall thickness, changes in endometrial echoes (such as whether it becomes clearer and more uniform), whether there are new fluid effusions or absorption of existing fluid effusions, whether the fallopian tubes remain unobstructed, and whether there are new fluid accumulations and thickening phenomena.

[0108] Record the results of each examination in detail and draw a curve of changes in the status of the uterus and fallopian tubes to intuitively analyze their recovery and change process.

[0109] Closely observe the changes in the female donkey's vaginal secretions, including the amount, color, texture and odor of the secretions. Under normal circumstances, vaginal secretions should be moderate in amount, transparent or slightly white in color, uniform in texture and free of odor. If there is any abnormal phenomenon such as a sudden increase or decrease in the amount of secretions, abnormal color (such as yellowing, greening, blood, etc.), thickening or thinning in texture, or odor (such as foul smell, fishy smell, etc.), immediately collect secretion samples for laboratory analysis, including bacterial culture, drug sensitivity test, cytology, etc., to determine whether infection or other pathological changes occur, and take appropriate treatment measures in time.

[0110] (III) Continuous monitoring of the overall health of the donkey

[0111] Arrange a special person to regularly observe the female donkey's mental state, feeding behavior, activity status and other basic physiological indicators every day. If any abnormal behavior is found, such as lethargy, loss of appetite, unwillingness to move, or abnormal behavior during activity (such as lameness, unstable standing, etc.), a comprehensive examination will be carried out immediately. The examination content includes temperature measurement, respiratory rate and depth observation, heart rate monitoring, oral and nasal examination, skin and coat examination, and feces examination, etc., to comprehensively judge whether the female donkey is sick and the possible causes of the illness, and take appropriate treatment measures in time to ensure the overall health of the female donkey.

[0112] Blood samples of the female donkeys are collected regularly (once a month) for laboratory tests such as routine blood tests and biochemical indicators. Routine blood tests include red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin content, platelet count, etc. These indicators are used to assess whether the female donkeys have anemia, infection, blood system diseases and other problems. Based on the test results, potential health risks are discovered in a timely manner, the feeding management plan is adjusted or necessary therapeutic interventions are given to ensure that the female donkeys have normal physical functions during the experiment and to create favorable conditions for improving the artificial insemination conception rate.

[0113] (IV) Real-time monitoring and maintenance of experimental environment

[0114] Temperature and humidity monitoring:

[0115] Install temperature sensors and humidity sensors to monitor the temperature and humidity changes in the donkey house in real time. During the high temperature period in summer, increase the frequency of temperature monitoring and record temperature data at least once an hour to ensure that the temperature is always controlled between 25-30℃.

[0116] When the temperature approaches or exceeds the upper limit, immediately start the sunshade net and spray cooling system. The sunshade net should be able to effectively block direct sunlight and reduce the temperature rise rate in the donkey house. The spray cooling system should ensure that the nozzles are evenly distributed, the spray volume is moderate and the atomization effect is good, so that the water can evaporate quickly to take away the heat, while avoiding excessive water accumulation on the ground to cause slipperiness. During the cold winter period, also pay close attention to temperature changes, record temperature data every hour, ensure the normal operation of the heating equipment, and keep the temperature of the donkey house stable at 5-15℃.

[0117] The humidity is monitored in real time through the humidity sensor. When the humidity is higher than 70%, the ventilation equipment is started in time for dehumidification operation. The ventilation volume should be reasonably adjusted according to the size of the donkey house and the degree of humidity exceeding the standard to ensure the discharge of humid air and reduce the humidity to an appropriate range. When the humidity is lower than 40%, spray humidification equipment is used for spray humidification. The spray volume should be moderate and uniform to prevent excessive humidification from causing excessive environmental humidity and causing other problems.

[0118] Ventilation condition monitoring:

[0119] Regularly check whether natural ventilation facilities (such as windows, vents, etc.) are unobstructed to ensure good natural ventilation effects. At the same time, check the operating status of mechanical ventilation equipment (such as exhaust fans, ventilation ducts, etc.), including whether parameters such as fan speed, air volume, and air pressure are normal. Conduct ventilation equipment operation tests at least once a week to simulate different ventilation demand scenarios and check whether the equipment can automatically adjust the ventilation volume according to the set requirements.

[0120] Anemometers are set up at different locations in the donkey house to measure the wind speed distribution during ventilation, ensuring 6-8 air changes per hour, so that the air in the donkey house can circulate fully, and harmful gases such as ammonia and carbon dioxide can be discharged in time to keep the air fresh and provide a good breathing environment for the female donkeys.

[0121] Donkey shed cleaning and disinfection management:

[0122] A comprehensive cleaning is carried out every morning and evening. During the cleaning process, first use a broom to remove feces, debris, etc. from the ground, then rinse the ground with clean water to ensure that there is no dirt remaining on the ground. For corners and gaps that are difficult to clean, use a high-pressure water gun to rinse to ensure thorough cleaning.

[0123] Clean the walls, railings and other facilities of the donkey shed regularly. First, scrub them with a brush dipped in detergent, then rinse them with clean water. Carry out comprehensive disinfection at least once a week. Choose high-efficiency, low-toxic, and residue-free disinfectants (such as peracetic acid, chlorine dioxide, etc.), dilute them according to the prescribed concentration ratio, and use a sprayer to spray and disinfect the donkey shed floor, walls, railings, troughs, water troughs, etc. After disinfection, keep the donkey shed well ventilated to dissipate the smell of the disinfectant and avoid irritating the female donkey. At the same time, set up a disinfection pool at the entrance of the donkey shed and put an appropriate amount of disinfectant in the pool. People and vehicles entering the donkey shed must be disinfected in the disinfection pool to prevent external pathogens from being brought into the donkey shed.

[0124] (V) Experimental records and data collation

[0125] Experimental Log:

[0126] The experimental process information of each donkey was recorded in detail, including the individual number of the donkey, the breeding time (accurate to the minute), the drug injection time (the specific time point of each injection), the drug name, dosage, the batch and disinfection record of the syringe and insemination jacket, the details of the uterine massage (massage start time, duration, massage method, strength change, frequency change, etc.), the changes in diet and water (daily feed feeding amount, type, feeding time, water intake, water temperature, etc.), reproductive system monitoring results (uterine and fallopian tube image records, measurement data, vaginal secretion examination results, etc. of each ultrasound examination), overall health status (mental state, feeding behavior, activity observed daily, various indicators of regular physical examinations) and environmental conditions (daily temperature, humidity, ventilation, etc.). The recorder should ensure that the recorded information is accurate, complete and timely, and shall not arbitrarily alter or fabricate data. If there is an error, it should be modified according to the prescribed correction method, and the reason and time of the modification should be indicated.

[0127] Data collation and analysis methods:

[0128] Regularly (weekly or biweekly) organize and preliminarily analyze the data recorded in the experiment, enter the original data into spreadsheet software (such as Excel), perform data cleaning, remove invalid data and duplicate data, and make reasonable estimates or supplements for missing data based on the distribution pattern and correlation of the data. Use statistical methods to analyze the data, calculate the mean value, standard deviation, confidence interval, etc. of various indicators for different treatment groups (treatment group 12 hours before breeding, treatment group 12 hours after ovulation and breeding, etc.), and compare the significance of differences between groups.

[0129] By drawing charts (such as bar charts, line charts, scatter plots, etc.) to intuitively display data trends and group differences, the effects of different treatments on the artificial insemination conception rate of female donkeys were analyzed. At the same time, the correlation analysis method was used to explore the correlation between changes in the reproductive system status of the female donkeys, diet and water intake, overall health status, and environmental factors and the conception rate, and to find out the key factors that may affect the conception rate. According to the data analysis results, the experimental plan or feeding management measures were adjusted in time to provide a scientific basis for improving the artificial insemination conception rate of female donkeys.

[0130] IV. Rigorous evaluation of experimental results and subsequent processing strategies

[0131] (I) Assessment of conception rate:

[0132] At the time point after the female donkey is bred (30-40 days), a variety of pregnancy diagnosis methods are used to make a comprehensive judgment.

[0133] First, rectal ultrasound examination is used as the main diagnostic method to observe whether a gestational sac is formed in the uterus, the size, shape, position of the gestational sac, and the development of the embryo (such as whether there is a fetal bud, fetal heartbeat, etc.). At the same time, clinical symptoms are observed, such as whether the female donkey shows signs of pregnancy such as cessation of estrus, increased appetite, and docile behavior. In addition, blood samples can be collected from the female donkey for testing of pregnancy-related hormones (such as progesterone) levels to assist in determining the pregnancy status.

[0134] By comprehensively using multiple diagnostic methods, the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis can be improved and the occurrence of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis can be reduced.

[0135] The number of pregnant donkeys was accurately counted, and the conception rate was calculated based on the total number of experimental donkeys. The formula was: conception rate = number of pregnant donkeys / total number of experimental donkeys × 100%.

[0136] (II) Results Analysis

[0137] Group comparison analysis:

[0138] The conception rate data of different treatment groups (treatment group 12 hours before mating, treatment group 12 hours after ovulation and mating, etc.) were compared in detail, and statistical methods (such as independent sample t-test or analysis of variance) were used to test whether the difference in conception rate between the groups was significant.

[0139] If there are significant differences between the groups, further analysis will be conducted on the differences in drug action mechanism, improvement of uterine physiological environment, optimization of embryo implantation conditions, etc. among the different treatment methods to identify the key factors leading to different conception rates.

[0140] Multivariate correlation analysis:

[0141] Comprehensively consider various monitoring data during the experiment, including changes in the reproductive system status of the female donkey (such as changes in uterine wall thickness, improvement in endometrial echo, patency of the fallopian tube, etc.), diet and water intake (nutrient content of feed, water intake and water quality, etc.), overall health status (blood routine, changes in biochemical indicators, whether there is illness and treatment, etc.) and environmental factors (temperature, humidity, ventilation, etc.), and use multiple linear regression analysis or other related analysis methods to explore the correlation between these factors and the conception rate, determine which factors have a positive effect on the conception rate, which factors have a negative effect, and whether there is an interaction between the factors. Through in-depth analysis, we can fully understand the complex factor network that affects the artificial insemination conception rate of female donkeys, and provide a basis for further optimizing experimental methods and improving the conception rate.

[0142] (III) Targeted follow-up measures

[0143] Pregnant donkey care:

[0144] For successfully pregnant donkeys, immediately adjust the feeding and management plan:

[0145] Increase the content of protein, vitamins and minerals in the feed to meet the nutritional needs of fetal growth and development, adjust the feeding method, adopt the principle of feeding in small amounts and multiple times, and avoid excessive gastrointestinal burden caused by excessive feeding at one time;

[0146] Ensure that the donkey has sufficient, clean drinking water at a suitable temperature;

[0147] Strengthen environmental management of donkey sheds, maintain a stable temperature between 15-25℃, control humidity at 50%-60%, and reduce environmental stress factors;

[0148] Regular prenatal examinations, including ultrasound examinations and blood biochemical index tests, should be conducted to closely monitor the development of the fetus and the health of the mother donkey;

[0149] One week before the expected date of delivery, the female donkey will be transferred to a special delivery room, and preparations for delivery will be made to ensure a smooth delivery.

[0150] Treatment of non-pregnant donkeys:

[0151] For non-pregnant donkeys, the reasons are analyzed based on the experimental results:

[0152] If pregnancy is not achieved due to reproductive system problems (such as uterine inflammation not completely eliminated, partial blockage of the fallopian tube, etc.), continue targeted treatment, adjust the drug treatment plan or use other auxiliary treatment methods (such as physical therapy, Chinese medicine conditioning, etc.), and after the reproductive system returns to normal, perform artificial insemination again or consider other assisted reproductive technologies (such as embryo transfer);

[0153] If it is due to nutritional imbalance or environmental factors, adjust the diet formula and feeding environment, improve the physical condition of the female donkey and then rearrange the breeding plan. At the same time, summarize the lessons learned from non-pregnant female donkeys, analyze the possible deficiencies in the experimental process, optimize and improve the experimental methods, and improve the success rate of subsequent experiments and the artificial insemination conception rate of female donkeys.

[0154] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the artificial insemination conception rate of female donkeys, characterized in that: The steps of this method are as follows: For female donkeys that are not pregnant after mating in the 3rd or 4th estrus, 12 hours before mating, take 3.2 million units of penicillin and 2 million units of streptomycin, put them in 50 ml of 0.9% saline, and use a vortex shaker at 2000 rpm for 3 minutes to dissolve the drugs; Use a 50ml syringe with a minimum scale of 1ml to connect the insemination jacket with a length of 30cm and an outer diameter of 8mm. After the syringe and the insemination jacket are tightly connected, slowly inject the dissolved drug into the uterus. During the injection, the syringe is inserted 10-15cm into the cervical opening at a 45-degree angle to the horizontal plane to inject the drug. At the same time, the operator wears sterile gloves, puts fingers together and straightens them, and massages the uterus through the rectum at a frequency of 30 times per minute, starting from the top of the uterine horn to the uterine body, and then from the uterine body to the cervix, so that the drug solution is fully in contact with the endometrium; Alternatively, 12 hours after the female donkey ovulates and mates, first dissolve 3.2 million units of penicillin and 2 million units of streptomycin in 50 ml of 0.9% saline in the same way, and inject it into the uterus with the above-mentioned syringe and insemination jacket combination, with an insertion depth of 12-18 cm. After an interval of 24 hours, take 10 ml of gentamicin and 10 ml of kanamycin, use the same specification syringe and a new insemination jacket, and inject it into the uterus at the same angle of 10-15 cm.

2. A method for increasing the artificial insemination conception rate of female donkeys according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the first drug injection is performed 12 hours before mating or 12 hours after ovulation and mating, the syringe and insemination jacket used must be disinfected before use. First, disassemble the syringe and insemination jacket and put them into an ultrasonic cleaner. Set the ultrasonic frequency to 40kHz and the power to 300W for cleaning for 10 minutes. Then put the cleaned parts into a high-temperature and high-pressure sterilizer. Set the temperature to 121℃, the pressure to 0.1MPa, and the sterilization time to 20 minutes. After sterilization, store the syringe and insemination jacket in a sterile sealed container that has been disinfected with ultraviolet light for 30 minutes. Before use, use a microscope at a magnification of 40 times on a Class 100 clean bench to check for residual contaminants.

3. A method for increasing the artificial insemination conception rate of female donkeys according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation of 0.9% saline solution used in the drug dissolution process requires weighing sodium chloride with an electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.001g, and making up the volume with a volumetric flask with a capacity of 100ml and an accuracy of 0.1ml. The osmotic pressure is measured with an osmotic pressure meter, and the value is between 280-320mOsm / L. The pH is measured with an acidity meter, and the pH value is between 7.0-7.

5. The microbial content is detected by membrane filtration. The saline solution is filtered with a pore size 0.45μm filter membrane, and the filter membrane is placed on a nutrient agar medium and cultured at 37℃ for 48 hours. No microbial growth occurs. When stored, it is placed in a medicine refrigerator at a temperature of 2-8℃. Before use, check that the packaging is intact and there is no leakage or deterioration. Use it up within 24 hours after opening.

4. A method for increasing the artificial insemination conception rate of female donkeys according to claim 1, characterized in that: When massaging the uterus through the rectum, the operator must undergo veterinary anatomy training. Before the massage, the uterus must be palpated rectum to understand its tension and texture. The initial massage intensity is a force that can push the uterus to move 1 cm, and the intensity is increased by 0.5N each time. The massage frequency is 30-40 times per minute. During circular massage, the fingers move in a circle with a radius of 5 cm along the uterine wall. During directional push massage, the massage is pushed along the direction of the physiological curvature of the uterus, with each push distance of 3-5 cm. If the donkey shows any abnormal reaction during the massage, the massage is stopped and checked.

5. A method for increasing the artificial insemination conception rate of female donkeys according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the first drug injection 12 hours after ovulation and the second drug injection 24 hours after ovulation, the injection speed of the drug is determined according to the individual differences of the donkeys, the state of the uterus and the nature of the drug. First, the uterus is examined by rectal ultrasound to measure its length, width and thickness, and the contraction ability is evaluated. The speed is determined by combining the donkey's age, weight, body condition score, drug viscosity and irritation. When the donkey has strong uterine contraction ability, is young and healthy, and the drug viscosity is low, the injection speed shall not exceed 10 ml per minute. When the uterus is relaxed, the patient is old or the drug is highly irritating, the injection speed is 3-5 ml per minute. The speed is set using an electronic syringe, and a timer with an accuracy of 0.1 second is used to record the time for each 5 ml of drug injected to ensure that the drug is evenly and stably injected into the uterus.

6. A method for increasing the artificial insemination conception rate of female donkeys according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before implementing this method on a female donkey that has not become pregnant after 3-4 matings, its reproductive organs need to be examined by visual inspection, palpation and ultrasound. The visual inspection is conducted in an examination room with a light intensity of 500 lux. After the donkey is restrained, the color of the vaginal mucosa, the presence of ulcers and tumors, the shape of the cervix, the size of the opening and secretions are observed. During palpation, the operator wears sterile gloves and applies lubricant, then reaches into the vagina to touch the cervix, the texture, size, and presence of nodules and lumps of the uterine body, and to feel the activity and sensitivity of the uterus. Ultrasound examination uses a high-frequency Use a veterinary ultrasonic diagnostic instrument with a frequency of 5MHz to perform cross-sectional and longitudinal scans of the uterus and fallopian tubes to observe the thickness of the uterine wall, endometrial echo, whether there is fluid accumulation, whether the fallopian tubes are unobstructed, and whether there is fluid accumulation and thickening. If there are uterine malformations, fallopian tube blockages, and pyometra, first take corresponding treatments, such as surgical correction of uterine malformations, tubal insufflation or minimally invasive surgery to clear fallopian tube blockage, and drainage of pus and anti-infection treatment for pyometra. This method can be implemented after the reproductive system is normal or meets the conditions.

7. A method for increasing the artificial insemination conception rate of female donkeys according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the process of implementing this method, the diet of the female donkey needs to be regulated. For an adult female donkey weighing 300-400 kg in the breeding period, the crude protein content in the daily feed is 12%-15%, provided by soybean meal and alfalfa hay, and the added amounts of vitamins A, D and E are 4000-6000 international units, 800-1000 international units and 40-60 international units per kilogram of feed, respectively, added with premixed vitamin preparations, and the calcium-phosphorus ratio is 1.5-2:1, added with stone powder and calcium hydrogen phosphate. The female donkey is fed 3-4 times a day, and the amount of each feeding is guaranteed to be eaten by the female donkey in 30-40 minutes. The amount is adjusted according to the female donkey's weight changes, body condition score and seasonal changes. The proportion of energy feed is increased in winter, and the feeding amount is reduced when the weight increases or the body condition is too fat.

8. A method for increasing the artificial insemination conception rate of female donkeys according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the process of implementing this method, it is necessary to ensure that the female donkey has an adequate supply of clean drinking water. The water source must meet the hygiene standards, and purified tap water or deep well water is preferred. The total bacteria in the water should be tested regularly by the plate colony count method, and no more than 100 per milliliter. The Escherichia coli group should be tested by the multiple tube fermentation method, and no coli should be detected per 100 milliliters. The drinking trough should be cleaned daily, soaked and disinfected with a chlorine-containing disinfectant at a concentration of 100ppm for 30 minutes, then rinsed with clean water. In summer, it should be cooled at room temperature or with ice, and heated to 10-15℃ in winter.

9. A method for increasing the artificial insemination conception rate of female donkeys according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the implementation of this method, the living environment of the female donkey needs to be kept dry, well ventilated, and up to the hygiene standard. The temperature and humidity are controlled within an appropriate range. The floor of the donkey house is paved with cement with a slope of 3%. It is cleaned twice a day. Ventilation adopts a combination of natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation, with 6-8 air changes per hour. In summer, the temperature is controlled at 25-30℃ with sunshade nets and spray cooling systems. In winter, thermal insulation materials are used to keep warm, and heating equipment is used to maintain the temperature at 5-15℃. The humidity is monitored by a humidity sensor and controlled at 40%-70%. Ventilation and dehumidification are used when it is high, and spray humidification is used when it is low.