Processing method of radix astragali decoction pieces, radix astragali decoction pieces and application

Abstract

The invention relates to a processing method of radix astragali decoction pieces, the radix astragali decoction pieces and application, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine processing. The invention provides a processing method of radix astragali decoction pieces, which comprises the following steps: cleaning radix astragali, drying for the first time, kneading, stacking, cutting, drying for the second time and screening to obtain the radix astragali decoction pieces. The first drying is drying until the moisture content of the astragalus membranaceus is 23-36%. The radix astragali decoction pieces prepared by the processing method disclosed by the invention are good in appearance property, all indexes conform to regulations under the item of radix astragali in Chinese pharmacopoeia 2020 edition, and compared with radix astragali slices prepared by a traditional process, the radix astragali decoction pieces prepared by the method are higher in contents of calycosin-7-glucoside, total flavone and total polysaccharide, and the required preparation time is shorter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine processing, and particularly relates to a processing method of astragalus slices, astragalus slices and applications. Background Art

[0002] Astragalus is the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao or Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. of the genus Astragalus in the Leguminosae family. It is a holy medicine for replenishing qi and is widely used in clinical prescriptions and finished medicines of traditional Chinese medicine. It has significant effects in anti-tumor, enhancing immunity, and lung diseases. It is also often used in health care products, which have anti-aging, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypotensive effects on sub-healthy people. Studies have shown that polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids are the three main active components of Astragalus that exert pharmacological effects. The content of polysaccharides is 5-20%, which is much higher than that of saponins (0.5-3%) and flavonoids (0.1-1%). However, in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, only saponin component astragaloside IV and flavonoid component calycosin glucoside are used as markers for quality control of Astragalus. The 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia describes "removing impurities, washing, soaking, slicing and drying" as the steps involved in the processing of astragalus slices. The process is relatively cumbersome, and polysaccharides and other glycoside components may be lost during the "soaking" process due to their good water solubility, thus affecting the efficacy. Currently, there is a lack of a processing method for astragalus slices with a higher content of medicinal ingredients. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a processing method of astragalus slices, astragalus slices and applications. The astragalus slices prepared by the processing method of the present invention have good appearance and various indicators meet the requirements of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia under the astragalus. Compared with the astragalus slices prepared by the traditional process, the astragalus slices prepared by the method have higher contents of calycosin, total flavonoids and total polysaccharides, and the preparation time required is shorter.

[0004] The invention provides a processing method of astragalus slices, comprising the following steps: cleaning, first drying, kneading, stacking, cutting, second drying and screening the astragalus to obtain the astragalus slices;

[0005] The first drying is drying until the moisture content of the astragalus is 23-36%.

[0006] Preferably, the kneading comprises kneading 180 to 220 times.

[0007] Preferably, the kneading is performed until the root strips are flexible and dense.

[0008] Preferably, the stacking includes closed stacking placement.

[0009] Preferably, the sealed stacking is carried out until the outer skin becomes soft; and the sealed stacking time is 12 to 24 hours.

[0010] Preferably, the cutting comprises cutting the astragalus into slices with a thickness of 2 to 4 mm.

[0011] Preferably, the second drying is drying until the moisture content of the astragalus is less than 10%.

[0012] The present invention also provides the astragalus decoction pieces prepared by the processing method described in the above technical scheme.

[0013] The present invention also provides the use of the astragalus slices prepared by the processing method described in the above technical solution in increasing the content of calycosin isoflavone glucoside and / or total polysaccharides and / or total flavonoids in the astragalus slices.

[0014] The present invention also provides the use of the astragalus slices prepared by the processing method described in the above technical scheme in shortening the processing time of the astragalus slices.

[0015] The present invention provides a processing method for Astragalus slices. The processing method of the present invention is simple to operate, stable and feasible. The Astragalus slices prepared by the processing method of the present invention have good appearance and properties, and high content of calycosin and / or total polysaccharides and / or total flavonoids. The test results show that the Astragalus slices obtained by the processing method of the present invention basically meet the requirements of Astragalus [Properties] in the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia". The microscopic characteristics and thin layer identification results show that they basically meet the requirements of Astragalus [Identification] in the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia". The results of the determination of moisture, total ash and extract content as well as lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, copper and pentachloronitrobenzene content show that they all meet the requirements of Astragalus [Inspection] in the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia". The contents of astragaloside IV and calycosin and calycosin meet the requirements of Astragalus [Content Determination] in the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia". Compared with traditional Astragalus slices, the Astragalus slices prepared by this method have higher contents of flavonoid glucoside, total flavonoids and total polysaccharides, and require shorter preparation time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 The appearance characteristics of the Astragalus membranaceus slices provided by the present invention in different fresh cutting methods; wherein, X1、 X 2…… X 6 : Moisture content 55, 47, 42, 36, 23, 17 direct cutting group; Y 1、 Y 2…… Y 6 : Moisture content 55, 47, 42, 36, 23, 17 rubbing and cutting group; 55, 47, 42, 36, 23, 17 here are calculated by rounding off the mean value in Table 2, corresponding to the 6 groups of different moisture content point numbers in Table 2;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a result diagram of the qualified rate of slices of freshly cut Astragalus membranaceus slices under different processing methods and moisture contents provided by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 The moisture content result diagram of freshly cut astragalus slices under different processing methods and moisture contents provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 The total ash content result diagram of freshly cut astragalus slices under different processing methods and moisture contents provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 The results of the extract content of freshly cut astragalus slices under different processing methods and moisture contents provided by the present invention are shown in FIG.

[0022] Figure 6 The results of astragaloside IV content in freshly cut astragalus slices under different processing methods and moisture contents provided by the present invention are shown;

[0023] Figure 7 The result graph of the content of calycosin glucoside in freshly cut astragalus slices under different processing methods and moisture contents provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 The total polysaccharide content result diagram of the sliced ​​Astragalus membranaceus under different processing methods and water contents provided by the present invention;

[0025] Fig. 9 This is a graph showing the properties of the pilot-scale Astragalus membranaceus (fresh) provided by the present invention; wherein, from left to right, they are batch numbers 20231101, 20231102, and 20231103;

[0026] Fig.10 This is a microscopic result image of the pilot test of fresh Astragalus powder provided by the present invention;

[0027] Fig.11 The thin layer chromatographic identification diagram of the pilot-scale Astragalus membranaceus (fresh) provided by the present invention;

[0028] Fig.12The morphological diagram of fresh-cut and traditionally cut astragalus provided by the present invention;

[0029] Fig.13 A microscopic identification result diagram of freshly cut and traditionally cut astragalus provided by the present invention;

[0030] Fig.14 This is a diagram showing the results of thin-layer identification of freshly cut and traditionally cut astragalus provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The invention provides a processing method of astragalus slices, comprising the following steps: cleaning, first drying, kneading, stacking, cutting, second drying and screening the astragalus to obtain the astragalus slices; the first drying is drying until the moisture content of the astragalus is 23-36%.

[0032] The present invention preferably selects fresh astragalus for purification. The present invention more preferably selects freshly excavated astragalus. In the present invention, the purification preferably includes: removing impurities, fibrous roots and root heads from the astragalus. The purification preferably also includes washing the astragalus. In the present invention, the washing preferably includes rinsing with running water until the surface of the medicinal material is clean and free of obvious mud and sand, and draining until there are no obvious water droplets on the surface.

[0033] After cleaning, the present invention performs a first drying on the Astragalus. In a specific embodiment, the first drying is to transport the cleaned Astragalus to the drying yard, lay it flat in time, the thickness of the lay is about 5 to 10 cm, dry it for 7 to 15 days, turn the medicinal material from time to time, and dry it until the moisture content of the Astragalus is 23 to 36%, preferably 25 to 35%. When the Astragalus has too high a water content, the slices are prone to curling and falling off, the skin and the wood are separated, there are many cracks, and the cross-section color is white; when the water content is too low, the texture of the medicinal material becomes hard, and cutting is prone to causing slag and fragments.

[0034] After the first drying, the present invention performs kneading. In the present invention, the kneading preferably includes kneading 180 to 220 times, more preferably kneading 200 times. In the present invention, the kneading is preferably kneading until the root strips are flexible and dense. The present invention performs kneading after the first drying of the astragalus, which can significantly improve the morphology of the medicinal slices, reduce the splitting of the cork and the wood, make the slices more compact and dense, and improve the qualified rate of the slices.

[0035] In the present invention, the stacking preferably includes closed stacking. In the present invention, the closed stacking time is preferably 12 to 24 hours to avoid corruption or blackening due to long-term stacking, the stacking height is about 30 to 50 cm, the bottom layer is prevented from being too wet or the upper layer is too dry, and the materials are covered and stacked until the outer skin is soft. In the present invention, it is preferred to stack until the surface of the astragalus is soft.

[0036] After stacking, the present invention performs cutting. In the present invention, the cutting preferably includes cutting the astragalus into 2-4 mm thick slices, more preferably 4 mm thick slices.

[0037] After cutting, the present invention performs a second drying. In the present invention, the second drying is preferably performed to dry the astragalus to a moisture content of less than 10% according to the moisture requirements under the Astragalus of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

[0038] After the second drying, the present invention preferably performs screening. In the present invention, the screening is preferably performed until the proportion of drug scraps impurities and irregular-shaped pieces does not exceed 3%.

[0039] After screening, the present invention preferably further comprises packaging. The present invention has no special limitation on the packaging, and the screened astragalus slices can be packaged according to the required specifications.

[0040] The present invention also provides the astragalus decoction pieces prepared by the processing method described in the above technical scheme.

[0041] The present invention also provides the use of the astragalus slices prepared by the processing method described in the above technical solution in increasing the content of calycosin isoflavone glucoside and / or total polysaccharides and / or total flavonoids in the astragalus slices.

[0042] The present invention also provides the use of the astragalus slices prepared by the processing method described in the above technical solution in shortening the preparation time of astragalus slices.

[0043] In order to further illustrate the present invention, a processing method of an astragalus slice, an astragalus slice and an application provided by the present invention are described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] Optimization of fresh cutting method of Astragalus membranaceus by entropy weight-TOPSIS method

[0046] 1. Methods

[0047] Three batches of fresh astragalus just dug from the standardized production base of Astragalus of Shaanxi Guangjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. were selected. The sample source information is shown in Table 1. 60 kg of fresh Astragalus with uniform thickness (1.0-1.2 cm in diameter at 3.5 cm below the root head) were selected, and impurities, fibrous roots and root heads were removed. The medicinal materials were rinsed with running water until the surface was clean, and evenly spread in a single layer in a sun panel greenhouse. The moisture content was measured regularly, and 10 kg of samples were taken (5 kg for direct cutting test and 5 kg for cutting test after rubbing). The test was stopped when the moisture content was lower than 13%. The cut Astragalus slices were dried for the second time until the moisture content was lower than 10%. The debris was sieved with a 3 mm aperture sieve, and then the Astragalus slices with a diameter of more than 1 cm were sieved with a 1 cm aperture sieve. The moisture content of each batch of samples when cut is shown in Table 2. After the slices are dried, they are sieved through a 0.8 cm sieve to observe the properties of the Astragalus slices. 150 to 200 slices of slices are randomly selected from each sample to calculate the qualified rate of slices according to whether the appearance and shape are complete, whether the epidermis is curled or detached, and whether there are warped slices, cracked slices, dregs, or fragments.

[0048] Referring to the requirements of Astragalus in the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia", the moisture, total ash, water-soluble extract, astragaloside I and astragaloside glucoside contents of each sample were tested. The total polysaccharide content was determined by the sulfuric acid-phenol method according to the literature method, and the entropy weight-TOPSIS method was combined to optimize the method of fresh-cut Astragalus.

[0049] Table 1 Sample source information

[0050] Sample No. Origin Astragalus cultivation and production S1 Songshuliang Village, Qingyun Township, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province Planting area 80 mu, yield 764 kg / mu S2 Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province Planting area: 30 mu, yield: 738 kg / mu S3 Hongshuigou Village, Guta Town, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province Planting area 50 mu, yield 800kg / mu

[0051] Table 2 Moisture content of medicinal materials when samples were cut (%)

[0052]

[0053] 2 Results

[0054] 2.1 Appearance and shape inspection

[0055] The morphology of sliced ​​medicinal materials cut under different processing methods and moisture content can be seen Figure 1 (Appearance characteristics of Astragalus slices cut in different ways while fresh; among them, X 1、 X 2…… X 6 : Moisture content 55, 47, 42, 36, 23, 17 direct cutting group; Y 1、 Y 2…… Y 6: Moisture content 55, 47, 42, 36, 23, 17 kneading and cutting group; 55, 47, 42, 36, 23, 17 refers to the moisture content measured when freshly cut. Corresponding to the moisture content point number 1 to 6), by Figure 1 It can be seen that when the moisture content of the medicinal materials is high (42% to 55%), the direct cutting (X1 to X3) and the cutting after rubbing (Y1 to Y3) are prone to epidermal curling and shedding, the skin and wood are separated, and the rate of warping and fragmentation is high. When the moisture content of the medicinal materials gradually decreases to 23% to 36%, the direct cutting (X4 and X5) and the cutting after rubbing (Y4 and Y5) are gradually improved. When the medicinal materials are dried to a lower moisture content of 17%, X6 and Y6 are cut. The two ends of the medicinal materials have been dried to hardness, and everything is broken, affecting the yield of the medicinal slices. At the same time, compared with the direct cutting group X1 to X6, the group Y1 to Y6 cut after rubbing can significantly improve the morphology of the medicinal slices, reduce the splitting of the cork and the wood, make the slices more compact and dense, and reduce the warping and fragmentation. The color of the medicinal slices is also one of the important indicators of the quality of medicinal materials. The pharmacopoeia stipulates that the bark of the sliced ​​surface of Astragalus membranaceus is yellowish white, the wood is light yellow, and the color contrast between the yellow wood and the white phloem constitutes the evaluation standard "Golden Well Jade Rail". Figure 1 It can be seen that the xylem of X1-X3 and Y1-Y3 is white, with a small contrast with the phloem color. The color of the xylem of X4-X6 and Y4-Y6 gradually deepens, and the characteristics of Jinjing Yulan are somewhat present. In order to more intuitively show the forming rate of the slices, the qualified rate of the slices of each group of samples is calculated, see Table 3. Figure 2 (Results of the qualified rate of freshly cut Astragalus slices under different processing methods and moisture contents). Figure 2 It can be seen that the qualified rate of slices cut after rubbing (Y4~Y5) is the highest when the moisture content of the medicinal materials is 23%~36%, and the qualified rate of slices cut after rubbing is higher than that of the direct cutting group at any moisture content of fresh medicinal materials.

[0056] Table 3 Qualified rate of slices of freshly cut Astragalus slices under different processing methods and moisture content

[0057] Moisture content of medicinal materials (%) Direct cutting group (%) Kneading and cutting group (%) 55 30.02±3.20 33.20±2.60 47 48.20±4.70 50.20±4.75 42 51.10±4.04 57.00±1.70 36 58.65±1.35 66.20±0.55 23 65.68±0.90 68.50±2.96 17 40.00±3.45 50.20±5.03

[0058] The moisture content was determined according to the requirements of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia under the [Inspection] item of Astragalus. The results are shown in Table 4. Figure 3 (Results of moisture content of freshly cut Astragalus slices under different processing methods and moisture contents). Figure 3 It can be seen that the moisture content of all samples after drying is less than 10%, which meets the requirements of the pharmacopoeia, and different moisture contents and processing methods have little effect on the moisture content of the dried pieces.

[0059] Table 4 Moisture content of freshly cut Astragalus slices under different processing methods and moisture content (%)

[0060] Moisture content of medicinal materials (%) Direct cutting group (%) Kneading and cutting group (%) 55 4.89±0.13 4.72±0.16 47 4.88±0.24 4.58±0.26 42 5.02±0.26 5.09±0.17 36 5.09±0.16 5.09±0.25 23 3.98±0.16 4.00±0.16 17 3.94±0.35 3.99±0.13

[0061] 2.3 Total ash

[0062] According to the requirements of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia under the [Inspection] item of Astragalus, the total ash content was determined. The results are shown in Table 5. Figure 4 (Results of total ash content of freshly cut Astragalus slices under different processing methods and moisture contents). Figure 4 It can be seen that, except for the samples directly cut when the moisture content of the medicinal material is 55%, the total ash content of the other samples is less than 5%, which meets the requirements of the pharmacopoeia.

[0063] Table 5 Total ash content of freshly cut Astragalus slices under different processing methods and moisture content (%)

[0064] Moisture content of medicinal materials (%) Direct cutting group (%) Kneading and cutting group (%) 55 4.95±0.11 4.74±0.12 47 4.81±0.12 4.71±0.13 42 4.62±0.13 4.52±0.12 36 4.35±0.11 4.12±0.13 23 4.37±0.13 4.31±0.11 17 4.47±0.15 3.91±0.11

[0065] 2.4 Water-soluble extracts

[0066] According to the requirements of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia under the item of Astragalus [Extracts], the content of water-soluble extracts was determined. The results are shown in Table 6. Figure 5 (Results of extract content of freshly cut Astragalus slices under different processing methods and moisture contents) Figure 5 It can be obtained that the extract content of each sample is greater than 17.0%, which meets the requirements of the pharmacopoeia. In addition, within the moisture content range of 17-36%, when the moisture content of the medicinal material decreases, the extract content of the fresh-cut Astragalus slices will increase.

[0067] Table 6 Extraction content of fresh-cut astragalus under different processing methods and moisture content (%)

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] 2.5 Astragaloside IV content

[0071] According to the requirements of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the content of astragaloside IV was determined under the item [Content Determination] of Astragalus. The results are shown in Table 7. Figure 6 From Table 7 and Figure 6 (Results of astragaloside IV content in fresh-cut Astragalus slices under different processing methods and moisture contents) It can be seen that the content of astragaloside IV in each sample is greater than 0.080%, which meets the requirements of the pharmacopoeia.

[0072] Table 7 Astragaloside content in freshly cut Astragalus slices under different processing methods and moisture contents

[0073] Moisture content of medicinal materials (%) Direct cutting group (%) Kneading and cutting group (%) 55 0.0932±0.0085 0.1005±0.0084 47 0.0959±0.0124 0.0821±0.0106 42 0.0951±0.0076 0.1019±0.0070 36 0.0925±0.0041 0.0930±0.0053 23 0.0885±0.0081 0.0875±0.0075 17 0.0845±0.0101 0.0858±0.0061

[0074] 2.6 Content of calycosin isoflavone glucoside

[0075] According to the requirements of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia under the item [Content Determination] of Astragalus, the content of calycosin isoflavone glucoside was determined. The results are shown in Table 8. Figure 7 (Contents of isoflavone glucoside in freshly cut Astragalus slices under different processing methods and moisture contents). Figure 7 It can be seen that the content of calycosin glucoside in each sample is greater than 0.020%, which meets the requirements of the pharmacopoeia.

[0076] Table 8 The contents of isoflavone glucoside in fresh-cut Astragalus slices under different processing methods and moisture contents

[0077] Moisture content of medicinal materials (%) Direct cutting group (%) Kneading and cutting group (%) 55 0.0258±0.0051 0.0314±0.0041 47 0.0399±0.0031 0.0444±0.0064 42 0.0440±0.0061 0.0489±0.0070 36 0.0521±0.0041 0.0630±0.0055 23 0.0468±0.0051 0.0593±0.0061 17 0.0398±0.0042 0.0450±0.0051

[0078] 2.7 Total polysaccharide content

[0079] The results of total polysaccharide content determination are shown in Table 9. Figure 8 (Results of total polysaccharide content of sliced ​​Astragalus membranaceus slices under different processing methods and water contents). Figure 8 It can be seen that within the range of 23-47% moisture content, the lower the moisture content of the medicinal material, the higher the content of total polysaccharides in Astragalus. At the same time, within the range of 23-36% moisture content, the total polysaccharide content of Astragalus in the group cut after rubbing was significantly higher than that in the group cut directly (P < 0.05).

[0080] Table 9 Total polysaccharide content of freshly cut Astragalus slices under different processing methods and moisture content (%)

[0081] Moisture content of medicinal materials (%) Direct cutting group (%) Kneading and cutting group (%) 55 5.256±0.832 6.287±1.229 47 5.341±1.032 7.388±0.775 42 6.395±0.935 7.412±0.740 36 6.766±0.457 8.553±0.624 23 7.434±0.772 8.998±0.572 17 7.491±1.085 8.077±1.078

[0082] 2.8 Optimization of fresh cutting process of Astragalus membranaceus by entropy weight-TOPSIS analysis

[0083] The entropy weight method can objectively determine the weight of the indicator based on the degree of variation of the indicator, effectively avoiding the interference of human factors. The TOPSIS rule makes full use of the difference information of the original data to accurately and comprehensively reflect the gap between the evaluation objects. The analysis technology combined with the two is more comprehensive and comprehensive than the quality evaluation method that relies on a single aspect, and is widely used in engineering, economy, management and other fields. The quality of the Astragalus (fresh) medicinal material in the present invention is comprehensively affected by the appearance shape and the intrinsic content. Entropy weight and TOPSIS analysis were performed based on the qualified rate of slices, total ash, extract, total polysaccharide, astragaloside IV and calycosin isoflavone glucoside content. The results are shown in Tables 10 and 11. When the moisture content of the medicinal material is 23% to 36%, the rubbed and cut samples (Y5, Y4) ranked first and second respectively. In addition to the good performance in morphological scores and extract content, the chemical composition, especially the total polysaccharide and astragaloside IV content, may have made an important contribution to this result. The directly cut samples (X5, X4) in the same moisture range ranked 8th and 6th respectively, further confirming that the rubbing processing method can bring better results.

[0084] Table 10 Weight calculation results of entropy weight method

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] Table 11 TOPSIS evaluation results of different processing methods of fresh-cut Astragalus slices

[0088]

[0089] 3 Conclusion

[0090] The optimal moisture content range and processing method for cutting Astragalus membranaceus while it is fresh is to rub it, cut it and then dry it when the moisture content is 23-36%.

[0091] Example 2

[0092] Carry out pilot-scale scale-up verification on the selected process to examine the process stability and suitability of the production site.

[0093] 1 Method

[0094] Three batches of fresh astragalus just dug from the standardized production base of Astragalus of Guangjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. in Shaanxi Province were taken separately. Each batch of medicinal materials had a fresh weight of 100 kg and was immediately transported back to Shaanxi Tasly Botanical Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. After cleaning, they were evenly spread in a single layer in the sun panel greenhouse. Turn over once a day and monitor the moisture content of the medicinal materials. When the moisture content of the medicinal materials is within the range of 23-36%, rub 200 times, seal and stack for 12 hours, and then use a medicine cutter (CNC high-speed truncation reciprocating medicine cutter, Kanghua Pharmaceutical Machinery Co., Ltd.) to cut 4mm thick slices. The cut Astragalus slices are dried to a moisture content of no more than 10.0%. The debris and fine powder are sieved with a 3mm aperture sieve, and then the Astragalus slices with a diameter of more than 1cm are sieved with a 1cm aperture sieve. The sample source information and moisture content when cutting are shown in Table 12. Carry out properties, identification, inspection, extracts and content determination tests in accordance with the requirements of the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" under Astragalus.

[0095] Table 12 Water content information of pilot-scale Astragalus membranaceus (fresh) samples and cut medicinal materials

[0096] Pilot sample batch number Origin Moisture content of medicinal materials when cut (%) 20231101 Niujialiang Town, Yuyang District, Yulin City 28.7 20231102 Yuhemao Town, Yuyang District, Yulin City 28.3 20231103 Industrial Avenue, Hengshan District, Yulin City 32.7

[0097] 2 Results

[0098] 2.1 Properties

[0099] The properties of three batches of pilot Astragalus membranaceus (fresh) are shown in Fig. 9 (Pilot test results of fresh Astragalus membranaceus; from left to right are batch numbers 20231101, 20231102, and 20231103). Fig. 9 As can be seen, fresh Astragalus membranaceus is a thick round or oval slice, with a yellowish-white to light brown outer skin, with visible longitudinal wrinkles or grooves. The cut surface is yellowish-white in the cortex, light yellow in the wood, with radial textures and cracks, and some of them occasionally have a rotten center, dark brown or hollow. It has a faint odor, a slightly sweet taste, and a beany smell when chewed.

[0100] 2.2 Identification

[0101] Identification results of fresh Astragalus powder are shown in Fig.10 (Pilot test of fresh Astragalus powder micrograph). Fig.10 The fibers can be seen in bundles or scattered, with a diameter of 8 to 30 μm, thick walls, and longitudinal cracks on the surface. The primary wall is often separated from the secondary wall, and the two ends are often broken into whiskers or relatively flat. The bordered pit vessels are colorless or orange-yellow, and the bordered pits are closely arranged. Stone cells are rare, round, oblong or irregular in shape, and have thick walls.

[0102] The results of the thin layer chromatography identification of the three batches of pilot production medicinal materials with the astragaloside IV reference substance and the astragalus reference medicinal materials are shown in Fig.11 (Pilot test of fresh Astragalus membranaceus) thin layer chromatography identification chart). Fig.11It can be seen that in the chromatograms of each batch of samples, at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the astragaloside reference substance, the same brown spots appear under sunlight; the same orange-yellow fluorescent spots appear under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatograms of each batch of samples, at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the astragaloside reference substance, the same color of fluorescent main spots appear under ultraviolet light (365nm).

[0103] 2.3 Inspection

[0104] 2.3.1 Moisture content and total ash content

[0105] The results of moisture and total ash content of three batches of pilot-scale Astragalus (fresh) medicinal materials are shown in Table 13. As can be seen from Table 13, the moisture content of each batch of samples does not exceed 10.0%, and the total ash content does not exceed 5.0%, which meets the requirements of the pharmacopoeia.

[0106] Table 13 Results of the water content and total ash content of the pilot test Astragalus membranaceus (fresh) (%)

[0107]

[0108]

[0109] 2.3.2 Residues of heavy metals, harmful elements and other organochlorine pesticides

[0110] The results of the determination of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, copper and pentachloronitrobenzene in three batches of pilot-scale Astragalus (fresh) medicinal materials are shown in Table 14. As can be seen from Table 14, the lead determination results of each batch of samples are all less than 5 mg / kg; the cadmium determination results are all less than 1 mg / kg; the arsenic determination results are all less than 2 mg / kg; the mercury determination results are all less than 0.2 mg / kg; and the copper determination results are all less than 20 mg / kg. The pentachloronitrobenzene determination results are all less than 0.1 mg / kg, which meets the requirements of the pharmacopoeia.

[0111] Table 14 Contents of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, copper and pentachloronitrobenzene in pilot-scale Astragalus (fresh) (mg / kg)

[0112]

[0113] 2.2.4 Leaching matter

[0114] The results of water-soluble extracts of three batches of pilot-scale Astragalus membranaceus (fresh) medicinal materials are shown in Table 15. As can be seen from Table 15, the extracts of each batch of samples are not less than 17.0%, which meets the requirements of the pharmacopoeia.

[0115] Table 15 Pilot test Astragalus (fresh) extract content (%)

[0116] Pilot sample batch number leachate 20231101 37.8±0.9 20231102 32.1±0.2 20231103 35.5±0.9

[0117] 2.2.5 Content determination

[0118] The contents of astragaloside IV and calycosin glucoside in three batches of pilot Astragalus (fresh) medicinal materials are shown in Table 16. As can be seen from Table 16, the astragaloside IV content of each batch of samples is not less than 0.080%, and the calycosin glucoside content of each batch of samples is not less than 0.020%, which meets the requirements of the pharmacopoeia.

[0119] Table 16 Results of the pilot test of astragaloside Ⅳ and calycosin glucoside in fresh astragalus (%)

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] 3 Conclusion

[0123] Based on the above process pilot results, the optimal processing technology of Astragalus (fresh) medicinal material has good stability and suitability for the production area, and is feasible in production.

[0124] Example 3

[0125] Comparison between the optimal fresh-cutting process and the traditional process

[0126] 1 Method

[0127] Take 3 batches of fresh astragalus just dug from the standardized production base of Astragalus of Shaanxi Guangjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., each batch is 10kg, of which 5kg are prepared according to the following method: "① remove non-medicinal parts and impurities such as fibrous roots, mud, sand and gravel; ② wash with running water until the surface of the medicinal material is clean and there is no obvious mud and sand; move the washed Astragalus medicinal material to a drain container and drain until there is no obvious water droplets on the surface of the medicinal material; ③ spread it flat in time and dry it in the sun until the water content is about 23-36%; turn the medicinal material from time to time during the drying process; ④ dry it After the good Astragalus root is straightened, it is tied into small bundles and rubbed 200 times by machine or hand until the root strips are flexible and dense; ⑤ Arrange the rubbed Astragalus root in time and pile them up in sequence until the outer skin is soft; ⑥ Arrange the piled Astragalus root strips and put them into the medicine cutting machine to cut them into 4mm thick slices; ⑦ Transfer the cut Astragalus slices to the sun shed to dry naturally until the moisture content does not exceed 10.0%; ⑧ Use a 3mm aperture sieve to remove the debris and fine powder from the dried Astragalus slices, and then use a 1cm aperture sieve to sieve the dried Astragalus slices. The astragalus slices with a diameter of more than 1 cm are sieved through a sieve with a diameter of 1 cm. Cut them while they are fresh; 5 kg is cut according to “① Remove non-medicinal parts and impurities such as fibrous roots, mud, sand and gravel; ② Spread them flat in time and dry them in the sun until the water content is less than 10% to obtain the dried astragalus; ③ Wash them with running water until the surface of the medicinal materials is clean and there is no obvious mud and sand: Move the washed astragalus medicinal materials to a drain container and drain until there are no obvious water drops on the surface of the medicinal materials; ④ Arrange the washed astragalus roots in a flat container, spray them evenly with clean drinking water, and wipe them with a damp cloth Cover, stir from time to time, and let it stand for 12 to 18 hours until it feels soft and has a certain toughness; ⑤ Arrange the moistened Astragalus root strips and put them into the medicine cutting machine, and cut them into 4mm thick slices; ⑥ Transfer the cut Astragalus slices to the sun shed for natural drying until the moisture content does not exceed 10.0%; ⑦ Use a 3mm aperture sieve to remove the debris and fine powder from the dried Astragalus slices, and then use a 1cm aperture sieve to sieve the Astragalus slices with a diameter of more than 1cm for traditional cutting, and set 3 groups of replicates for each batch and each treatment. Inspect and compare the differences according to the provisions of the Astragalus item in the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia".

[0128] 2 Results

[0129] 2.1 Properties

[0130] The appearance of freshly cut and traditionally cut Astragalus membranaceus is shown in Figure 2. Fig.12 (Image of freshly cut and traditionally cut Astragalus). Fig.12Astragalus (freshly processed) is a thick, quasi-circular or oval slice, with a yellowish-white to light brown outer skin, visible longitudinal wrinkles or grooves. The cut surface is yellowish-white in the skin, light yellow in the wood, with radial textures and cracks, and some are occasionally withered and rotten in the center, dark brown or hollow. The smell is slight, the taste is slightly sweet, and it has a bean smell when chewed. Traditionally cut Astragalus slices This product is a thick, quasi-circular or oval slice, with a yellowish-white to light brown outer skin, visible longitudinal wrinkles or grooves. The cut surface is yellowish-white in the skin, light yellow in the wood, with radial textures and cracks, and some are occasionally withered and rotten in the center, dark brown or hollow. The smell is slight, the taste is slightly sweet, and it has a bean smell when chewed.

[0131] Compared with the properties of the two process products, the color of the freshly cut outer skin is slightly lighter, close to the color of the Astragalus medicinal material. The other properties are consistent and meet the requirements of the Astragalus [Properties] of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

[0132] 2.2 Identification

[0133] Microscopic and thin-layer identification of fresh-cut and traditionally cut Astragalus membranaceus Fig.13 (Microscopic identification results of fresh-cut and traditionally cut Astragalus) and Fig.14 (Thin layer analysis results of freshly cut and traditionally cut Astragalus membranaceus). Fig.13 and Fig.14 It can be seen that the fibers in the freshly cut powder are bundled or scattered, with a diameter of 8 to 30 μm, thick wall, longitudinal cracks on the surface, and the primary wall is often separated from the secondary wall. The two ends are often broken into whiskers or relatively flat. The bordered pit vessels are colorless or orange-yellow, and the bordered pits are closely arranged. In thin layer chromatography, at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the astragaloside reference substance, the same brown spots appear under sunlight; under ultraviolet light (365nm), the same orange-yellow fluorescent spots appear. In the chromatograms of each batch of samples, at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the astragaloside reference medicinal material, the same color of fluorescent main spots appear under ultraviolet light (365nm).

[0134] The powder fibers produced by traditional cutting process are bundled or scattered, with a diameter of 8 to 30 μm, thick wall, longitudinal cracks on the surface, and the primary wall is often separated from the secondary wall. The two ends are often broken into whiskers or relatively flat. The bordered pit vessels are colorless or orange-yellow, and the bordered pits are closely arranged. In thin layer chromatography, the same brown spots appear under sunlight at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the astragaloside reference substance; the same orange-yellow fluorescent spots appear under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatograms of each batch of samples, the same color of fluorescent main spots appear under ultraviolet light (365nm) at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the astragaloside reference medicinal material.

[0135] Comparing the identification of the two process products, the fresh cutting process is consistent with the traditional cutting process, and both meet the requirements of Astragalus in the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia".

[0136] 2.3 Inspection

[0137] The test results of moisture and total ash content of fresh-cut and traditional-cut astragalus are shown in Table 17. The paired T test results are shown in Table 18. The T test results show that there is no significant difference in moisture and total ash content between fresh-cut and traditional-cut astragalus (P>0.05), and both meet the requirements of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia under Astragalus.

[0138] Table 17 Test results of moisture and total ash content of fresh-cut and traditionally cut Astragalus membranaceus (%)

[0139]

[0140]

[0141] Table 18 T-test analysis of moisture and total ash content of fresh-cut and traditionally cut Astragalus

[0142]

[0143] The test results of heavy metals, harmful elements and other organochlorine pesticide residues in fresh-cut and traditional-cut astragalus are shown in Table 19. As can be seen from Table 19, there is no significant difference in the content of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, copper and pentachloronitrobenzene between traditional-cut and fresh-cut astragalus, and both meet the requirements of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia under the astragalus.

[0144] Table 19 Detection results of heavy metals, harmful elements and other organochlorine pesticide residues

[0145]

[0146] In summary, there was no significant difference in the indicators under the inspection items between fresh-cut and traditionally cut astragalus, and both met the requirements under Astragalus in the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia".

[0147] 2.4 Extracts, astragaloside I and astragaloside

[0148] The results of the determination of the extracts, astragaloside Ⅳ and calycosin glucoside contents of fresh-cut and traditional-cut Astragalus are shown in Table 20. The paired T test results are shown in Table 21. The T test results showed that there was no significant difference in astragaloside Ⅳ between fresh-cut and traditional-cut Astragalus (P>0.05), but the content of calycosin glucoside in fresh-cut was significantly higher than that in traditional-cut (P<0.05), and both met the requirements of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia under Astragalus.

[0149] Table 20 Extracts and content determination results of fresh-cut and traditionally cut Astragalus membranaceus (%)

[0150]

[0151] Table 21 t-test analysis of extracts and content determination of fresh-cut and traditionally cut Astragalus

[0152]

[0153] 2.5 Total polysaccharides, total flavonoids, and total saponins content

[0154] The results of the determination of total polysaccharides, total flavonoids, and total saponins in fresh-cut and traditional-cut Astragalus are shown in Table 22. The paired T test results are shown in Table 23. The T test results show that there is no significant difference in the total saponins between fresh-cut and traditional-cut Astragalus (P>0.05), but the total polysaccharide and total flavonoid contents of fresh-cut are significantly higher than those of traditional-cut (P<0.05), and both meet the requirements of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia under Astragalus.

[0155] Table 22 Determination results of total polysaccharide, total flavonoid and total saponin contents of fresh-cut and traditionally cut Astragalus membranaceus (%)

[0156]

[0157]

[0158] Table 23 T-test analysis of total polysaccharides, total flavonoids and total saponins in fresh-cut and traditionally cut Astragalus

[0159]

[0160] 2.6 Preparation time

[0161] The preparation time of fresh-cut and traditional-cut Astragalus slices is shown in Table 24. As shown in Table 24, compared with traditional cutting, fresh-cut can shorten the preparation time of slices by about 40.4-41.7%.

[0162] Table 24 Preparation time of fresh-cut and traditional-cut Astragalus membranaceus (%)

[0163] deal with First drying time / h Recovery time / h Second drying time / h Total preparation time / h Traditional cutting 1 350.5 13.0 96.5 460.0 Traditional cutting 2 370.0 15.5 100.5 486.0 Traditional cutting 3 385.5 17.5 102.5 505.5 Freshly cut 1 168.5 - 105.5 274 Cut fresh 2 177.0 - 110.2 287.2 Cut fresh 3 180.2 - 114.5 294.7

[0164] 3.3 Conclusion

[0165] In summary, there was no significant difference in the quality indexes, properties, identification, inspection, extracts, astragaloside IV and total saponin content between fresh-cut and traditional-cut astragalus. The contents of calycosin glucoside, total polysaccharides and total flavonoids in fresh-cut were significantly higher than those in traditional-cut, and the preparation time was much shorter than that in traditional-cut. All sample indicators met the requirements of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia under Astragalus.

[0166] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creative work, and these embodiments all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for processing Astragalus membranaceus decoction pieces, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The astragalus is cleaned, first dried, rubbed, piled, cut, second dried and screened to obtain astragalus slices; The first drying is drying until the moisture content of the astragalus is 23-36%.

2. The processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The kneading includes kneading 180 to 220 times.

3. The processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The kneading is kneading until the root strips are flexible and dense.

4. The processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stacking includes closed stacking and placement.

5. The processing method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sealed stacking is performed until the outer skin becomes soft, and the time for the sealed stacking is 12 to 24 hours.

6. The processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting comprises cutting the astragalus into slices with a thickness of 2 to 4 mm.

7. The processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second drying is drying until the moisture content of the astragalus is less than 10%.

8. The astragalus slices prepared by the processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. Use of the astragalus slices prepared by the processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in increasing the content of calycosin isoflavone glucoside and / or total polysaccharides and / or total flavonoids in the astragalus slices.

10. Use of the astragalus slices prepared by the processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in shortening the processing time of the astragalus slices.

Images