A method for extracting plant exosomes and an extraction device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and device for extracting plant exosomes. The present invention relates to the technical field of exosome extraction, and includes a filter screen. The number of filter screens is two, and the two filter screens are symmetrically arranged up and down. The filter screen is arranged in a wave shape. A filter hole is opened on one side of the filter screen close to the fixing ring, and the filter hole is located at the depression of the filter screen. A through hole is opened at the top of the filter screen. The diameter of the upper hole of the filter screen gradually increases from outside to inside. The design of the gradually increasing holes can remove very fine impurities in the initial stage of filtration. The through hole is arranged at the convex part of the filter screen, and the filter hole is arranged in an ellipse. For this method and device for extracting plant exosomes, by setting a wavy filter screen, the sample can have more contact area and a more reasonable flow path on the filter screen, making the filtration process faster. Furthermore, more liquid parts can be filtered out in a shorter time, reducing the filtration time and improving the efficiency of the entire exosome extraction process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of exosome extraction, and in particular to a method and equipment for extracting plant exosomes. Background Art

[0002] Plant exosomes, in a narrow sense, refer to extracellular vesicles of a specified size range secreted by plant cells. However, since there is no unified international definition standard, in recent years, researchers from various countries have referred to the isolation method of animal cell exosomes, and prepared a series of plant-derived nanovesicles or exosome-like nanoparticles from plant samples, which have also been included in the concept of exosomes. They are mainly derived from multivesicular bodies formed by the invagination of intracellular lysosomal microparticles, and are released into the extracellular matrix after the fusion of the multivesicular outer membrane with the cell membrane. A variety of cells can secrete exosomes under normal and pathological conditions. Exosomes contain complex RNA and proteins. All cultured cell types can secrete exosomes, and exosomes exist naturally in body fluids.

[0003] In the process of centrifugal extraction of plants, the existing plant exosome composition extraction device increases the difficulty of extraction and reduces the extraction efficiency because the plants are not completely crushed. At the same time, the existing plant exosome composition extraction device needs to be manually cleaned after use, which not only fails to ensure the quality of cleaning, but also greatly increases the work pressure of workers. Summary of the invention

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for extracting plant exosomes, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Plant crushing: clean the plant material and then crush the plant tissue using crushing equipment;

[0007] S2, screening and filtering, the crushed sample is initially filtered using an extraction device to remove larger impurities;

[0008] S3, centrifugation, first low-speed centrifugation, then medium-speed centrifugation, and finally high-speed centrifugation, at which time the supernatant is enriched with exosomes;

[0009] S4, ultracentrifugation, transferring the supernatant after the above centrifugation into an ultracentrifuge tube, so that the exosomes are precipitated at the bottom of the centrifuge tube;

[0010] S5. Washing and resuspension: wash the precipitate with PBS buffer and resuspend it in an appropriate amount of PBS buffer to obtain an exosome suspension.

[0011] According to the extraction device in S2, it includes a frame body. A housing is fixedly connected to the top of the frame body. A feed inlet is fixedly connected to the top of the housing. A motor is fixedly connected to the top of the housing. The output end of the motor penetrates the housing. A cooling pipe is fixedly connected inside the housing.

[0012] A screening assembly is fixedly installed inside the housing.

[0013] A filtering assembly is fixedly installed inside the housing. The filtering assembly is located below the screening assembly.

[0014] Among them, the filtering assembly includes a rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the housing. A fixed ring is rotatably connected to the outer side of the rotating shaft. An intermediate assembly is fixedly connected to the outer side of the fixed ring.

[0015] Preferably, the intermediate assembly includes filter meshes. The number of filter meshes is two. The two filter meshes are symmetrically arranged up and down. The preliminarily filtered sample flows to the edge of the filter mesh through a diversion plate. Subsequently, under the action of the gravity of the sample itself, the sample flows towards the middle along the filter mesh. By setting the wavy filter mesh, the sample can have more contact area and a more reasonable flow path on the filter mesh, making the filtering process faster. Furthermore, more liquid parts can be filtered out in a shorter time, reducing the filtering time and improving the efficiency of the entire exosome extraction process. The filter mesh is wavy. A filter hole is provided on the side of the filter mesh close to the fixed ring, and the filter hole is located in the depression of the filter mesh. A through hole is provided at the top of the filter mesh. The diameter of the upper hole of the filter mesh gradually increases from the outside to the inside. The design of the gradually increasing holes can remove very fine impurities at the initial stage of filtering, ensuring the purity of the filtrate. Then, in the subsequent filtering process, it will not hinder the passage of exosomes due to the too small filter holes, improving the recovery rate of exosomes. It can intercept impurities of different sizes and allow exosomes to pass smoothly, having a good filtering effect on complex plant samples. At the same time, when the sample flows downward, due to the gradually increasing holes, the flow rate will also increase appropriately, further reducing the risk of blockage. The through hole is provided at the convex part of the filter mesh, and the filter hole is elliptical.

[0016] A fixed block is arranged in the inner cavity of the housing. The outer surface of the fixed block is a slope inclined from the outside to the middle. A limiting ring is fixedly connected to the end of the fixed block. The limiting ring is fixedly connected to the inside of the housing. A sliding ring is slidably connected to the outside of the fixed block. The cooling pipe is located in the space between the sliding ring and the housing. A diversion plate is fixedly connected to the top of the sliding ring. The diversion plate is in the shape of a hopper for discharging materials. A round hole is provided on the outer surface of the fixed block close to the housing. The round hole penetrates the fixed block. A chute is provided in the middle of the outside of the fixed block. The chute is trapezoidal. A limiting block is slidably connected inside the chute. The limiting block penetrates the housing and is slidably connected to the housing. A positioning component is fixedly connected to the end of the limiting block away from the housing. The positioning component penetrates the fixed block and is slidably connected to the fixed block.

[0017] Preferably, a fixing frame is fixedly connected to one end of the filter screen away from the fixing ring. A round rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixing frame. The round rod is located inside the round hole. The round rod is slidably connected to the fixing block through the round hole. A spring is fixedly connected to one side of the fixing frame close to the round rod. The preliminarily filtered sample falls onto the upper part of the flow guide plate through the filter cylinder, and then falls onto the upper part of the filter screen along the flow guide plate. Under the action of the gravity of the sample itself, the flow guide plate is stressed and drives the sliding ring to move downward. At this time, the sliding ring contacts and squeezes the top of the limiting block, so that the limiting block pushes the round rod to move in a direction away from the limiting block. At this time, the inclination angle of the filter screen becomes larger, which can accelerate the filtering speed and avoid blockage. One end of the spring away from the fixing frame is fixedly connected to the fixing block. A retaining ring is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing frame close to the filter screen. A baffle is fixedly connected to one end of the fixing frame away from the retaining ring. The baffle and the retaining ring are on the same vertical plane. The baffle is arc-shaped.

[0018] Preferably, the housing includes an outer shell. The outer side of the outer shell is fixedly connected to the frame body. An inclined plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer shell close to the screening assembly. The inclined plate is fixedly connected to the screening assembly. A discharge hole is opened at the middle of the bottom of the outer shell.

[0019] Preferably, the positioning assembly includes an extension rod. The extension rod is fixedly connected to the end of the limiting block away from the outer shell. The preliminarily filtered sample falls onto the upper part of the flow guide plate through the filter cylinder, and then falls onto the upper part of the filter screen along the flow guide plate. Under the action of the gravity of the sample itself, the flow guide plate is stressed and drives the sliding ring to move downward. At this time, the sliding ring contacts and squeezes the top of the limiting block. The limiting block pushes the trapezoidal block to contact the outer side of the middle rotating shaft through the extension rod. The friction between the trapezoidal block and the rotating shaft becomes larger, so that the rotation speed of the rotating shaft becomes smaller. Furthermore, the filtering of the screening assembly becomes slower, so that the sample entering the filter screen is reduced, avoiding too much sample feeding and affecting the purity of the filtered sample. The extension rod is slidably connected to the fixing block. A trapezoidal block is fixedly connected to the end of the extension rod away from the limiting block. A through groove is opened at the end of the trapezoidal block away from the extension rod.

[0020] Preferably, the screening assembly includes a filter cylinder. The filter cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inclined plate. A rotating plate is arranged inside the filter cylinder. The crushed sample is added into the inner part of the outer shell through the feed port. The sample enters the inner part of the filter cylinder along the inclined plate. By providing the filter cylinder, the sample can be preliminarily filtered, and thus exosomes can be separated from larger cell debris and impurities. At the same time, the motor works with an external power supply. The motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate. The rotating shaft drives the rotating plate and the scraping plate to rotate, so as to drive the sample inside the filter cylinder to rotate. Then, the rotating plate cleans the sample on the inner wall of the filter cylinder to prevent the filter cylinder from being blocked and can also improve the filtering effect. At the same time, the scraping plate drives the sample at the bottom to turn upward to avoid the accumulation of the sample affecting the filtering. The rotating plate is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. A scraping plate is fixedly connected to the inner bottom of the filter cylinder close to the rotating shaft. The scraping plate is inclined.

[0021] The present invention provides a method and device for extracting plant exosomes. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] First, in the method and device for extracting plant exosomes, by setting a wavy filter screen, the sample can have a larger contact area and a more reasonable flow path on the filter screen, making the filtration process faster. Thus, more liquid can be filtered out in a shorter time, reducing the filtration time and improving the efficiency of the entire exosome extraction process.

[0023] Second, in the method and device for extracting plant exosomes, through the design of gradually increasing pore size, it can intercept impurities of different sizes and allow exosomes to pass through smoothly, having a good filtration effect on complex plant samples. At the same time, during the downward flow of the sample, due to the gradually increasing pore size, the flow rate will also increase appropriately, further reducing the risk of blockage.

[0024] Third, in the method and device for extracting plant exosomes, the limiting block pushes the trapezoidal block to contact the outer side of the middle rotating shaft through the extension rod, increasing the friction between the trapezoidal block and the rotating shaft, reducing the rotation speed of the rotating shaft, and then slowing down the filtration of the screening component, reducing the sample entering the filter screen, and avoiding the influence of excessive sample feeding on the purity of the filtered sample.

[0025] Fourth, in the method and device for extracting plant exosomes, by setting a filter cylinder, the sample can be preliminarily filtered, and thus exosomes can be separated from larger cell debris and impurities. At the same time, the motor operates with an external power supply, the motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate, the rotating shaft drives the rotating plate and the scraping plate to rotate, driving the sample inside the filter cylinder to rotate, and then the rotating plate cleans the sample on the inner wall of the filter cylinder to prevent the filter cylinder from being blocked. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for extracting plant exosomes according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is a schematic external structure diagram of a device for extracting plant exosomes according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view structure diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 is a schematic semi-sectional top view structure diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 is a schematic structure diagram of a filtering component according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 is a schematic partial structure diagram of a filtering component according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 Schematic cross-sectional view structure diagram of the intermediate component of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic structure diagram of the housing of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 Schematic enlarged view structure diagram of the positioning component of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 Schematic structure diagram of the screening component of the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1, frame; 2, housing; 21, outer shell; 22, inclined plate; 23, discharge hole; 3, feed inlet; 4, motor; 5, screening component; 51, filter cylinder; 52, rotating plate; 53, scraping plate; 6, filtering component; 61, rotating shaft; 62, fixing ring; 63, intermediate component; 631, filter screen; 632, filter hole; 633, round rod; 634, spring; 635, through hole; 636, retaining ring; 637, baffle; 638, fixing frame; 64, diversion plate; 65, fixing block; 66, limiting block; 67, positioning component; 671, extension rod; 672, trapezoidal block; 673, through groove; 68, sliding groove; 69, round hole; 610, sliding ring; 611, limiting ring; 7, cooling pipe. Specific embodiments

[0037] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are given for purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the disclosed form. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention, and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thus design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific purposes.

[0038] The first embodiment, as Figures 1 to 7 shown, the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0039] A method for extracting plant exosomes, which consists of the following steps:

[0040] S1. Plant pulverization, cleaning the plant material, and then using pulverization equipment to pulverize the plant tissue;

[0041] S2. Screening and filtering, preliminarily filtering the pulverized sample with extraction equipment to remove larger impurities;

[0042] S3. Centrifugal separation, first performing low-speed centrifugation, then medium-speed centrifugation, and finally high-speed centrifugation. At this time, exosomes are enriched in the supernatant;

[0043] S4. Ultracentrifugation: Transfer the supernatant after the above centrifugation to an ultracentrifugation tube to precipitate exosomes at the bottom of the centrifugation tube.

[0044] S5. Washing and resuspension: Wash the precipitate with PBS buffer and then resuspend it in an appropriate amount of PBS buffer to obtain an exosome suspension.

[0045] According to the extraction device in S2, it includes a frame body 1. A housing 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the frame body 1. A feed inlet 3 is fixedly connected to the top of the housing 2. A motor 4 is fixedly connected to the top of the housing 2. The output end of the motor 4 penetrates the housing 2. A cooling pipe 7 is fixedly connected inside the housing 2.

[0046] A screening assembly 5 is fixedly installed inside the housing 2.

[0047] A filtering assembly 6 is fixedly installed inside the housing 2. The filtering assembly 6 is located below the screening assembly 5.

[0048] Among them, the filtering assembly 6 includes a rotating shaft 61. The rotating shaft 61 is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor 4. The rotating shaft 61 is rotationally connected to the housing 2. A fixing ring 62 is rotationally connected to the outside of the rotating shaft 61. An intermediate assembly 63 is fixedly connected to the outside of the fixing ring 62.

[0049] The intermediate assembly 63 includes filter meshes 631. The number of filter meshes 631 is two. The two filter meshes 631 are symmetrically arranged up and down. The preliminarily filtered sample flows to the edge of the filter mesh 631 through a flow guide plate 64. Subsequently, under the action of the gravity of the sample itself, the sample flows towards the middle along the filter mesh 631. By setting the wavy filter mesh 631, the sample can have more contact area and a more reasonable flow path on the filter mesh 631, making the filtering process faster. Furthermore, more liquid parts can be filtered out in a shorter time, reducing the filtering time and improving the efficiency of the entire exosome extraction process. The filter mesh 631 is wavy. A filter hole 632 is provided on the side of the filter mesh 631 close to the fixing ring 62, and the filter hole 632 is located in the depression of the filter mesh 631. A through hole 635 is provided at the top of the filter mesh 631. The diameter of the holes on the filter mesh 631 gradually increases from the outside to the inside. The design of the gradually increasing holes can remove very fine impurities at the initial stage of filtering to ensure the purity of the filtrate. Then, in the subsequent filtering process, it will not hinder the passage of exosomes due to too small filter holes, improving the exosome recovery rate. It can intercept impurities of different sizes and allow exosomes to pass smoothly, having a good filtering effect on complex plant samples. At the same time, when the sample flows downward, due to the gradually increasing holes, the flow rate will also increase appropriately, further reducing the risk of blockage. The through hole 635 is provided at the convex part of the filter mesh 631, and the filter hole 632 is elliptical.

[0050] The inner cavity of the housing 2 is provided with a fixed block 65. The outer surface of the fixed block 65 is a slope that inclines from the outside to the middle. The end of the fixed block 65 is fixedly connected with a limit ring 611. The limit ring 611 is fixedly connected to the inside of the housing 2. A sliding ring 610 is slidably connected to the outside of the fixed block 65. The cooling pipe 7 is located at the interval between the sliding ring 610 and the housing 2. The top of the sliding ring 610 is fixedly connected with a diversion plate 64. The diversion plate 64 is in the shape of a hopper for discharging materials. A circular hole 69 is opened on the outer surface of the fixed block 65 close to the housing 2. The circular hole 69 penetrates the fixed block 65. A chute 68 is opened in the middle of the outside of the fixed block 65. The chute 68 is trapezoidally arranged. A limit block 66 is slidably connected to the inside of the chute 68. The limit block 66 penetrates the housing 2 and is slidably connected to the housing 2. One end of the limit block 66 away from the housing 2 is fixedly connected with a positioning assembly 67. The positioning assembly 67 penetrates the fixed block 65 and is slidably connected to the fixed block 65.

[0051] The second embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, please refer to Figures 5 to 7 As shown, one end of the filter screen 631 away from the fixed ring 62 is fixedly connected with a fixed frame 638. The bottom of the fixed frame 638 is fixedly connected with a round rod 633. The round rod 633 is located inside the circular hole 69. The round rod 633 is slidably connected to the fixed block 65 through the circular hole 69. One side of the fixed frame 638 close to the round rod 633 is fixedly connected with a spring 634. The preliminarily filtered sample falls onto the upper part of the diversion plate 64 through the filter cylinder 51 and then falls onto the upper part of the filter screen 631 along the diversion plate 64. Under the action of the gravity of the sample itself, the diversion plate 64 is stressed to drive the sliding ring 610 to move downward. At this time, the sliding ring 610 contacts the top of the limit block 66 and generates extrusion, so that the limit block 66 pushes the round rod 633 to move in a direction away from the limit block 66. At this time, the inclination angle of the filter screen 631 becomes larger, which can accelerate the filtering speed and avoid blockage. One end of the spring 634 away from the fixed frame 638 is fixedly connected with the fixed block 65. The top of the fixed frame 638 close to the filter screen 631 is fixedly connected with a retaining ring 636. One end of the fixed frame 638 away from the retaining ring 636 is fixedly connected with a baffle 637. The baffle 637 and the retaining ring 636 are on the same vertical plane. The baffle 637 is arc-shaped.

[0052] The third embodiment, on the basis of the first and second embodiments, please refer to Figures 8 to 10 As shown, the housing 2 includes an outer shell 21. The outside of the outer shell 21 is fixedly connected with the frame body 1. The inner wall of the outer shell 21 close to the screening assembly 5 is fixedly connected with an inclined plate 22. The inclined plate 22 is fixedly connected with the screening assembly 5. A discharge hole 23 is opened at the middle of the bottom of the outer shell 21.

[0053] The positioning component 67 includes an extension rod 671. The extension rod 671 is fixedly connected to one end of the limit block 66 away from the outer shell 21. The preliminarily filtered sample falls above the diversion plate 64 through the filter cartridge 51, and then falls above the filter screen 631 along the diversion plate 64. Under the action of the gravity of the sample itself, the diversion plate 64 is stressed and drives the slip ring 610 to move downward. At this time, the slip ring 610 contacts the top of the limit block 66 and generates extrusion. The limit block 66 pushes the trapezoidal block 672 through the extension rod 671 to contact the outer side of the middle rotating shaft 61. The friction between the trapezoidal block 672 and the rotating shaft 61 becomes larger, so that the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 61 becomes smaller, and then the screening component 5 filters more slowly, reducing the sample entering the filter screen 631, avoiding excessive sample feeding and affecting the purity of the filtered sample. The extension rod 671 is slidably connected to the fixed block 65. One end of the extension rod 671 away from the limit block 66 is fixedly connected with a trapezoidal block 672. A through groove 673 is opened at one end of the trapezoidal block 672 away from the extension rod 671.

[0054] The screening component 5 includes a filter cartridge 51. The filter cartridge 51 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inclined plate 22. A rotating plate 52 is arranged inside the filter cartridge 51. The crushed sample is added into the inside of the outer shell 21 through the feed port 3. The sample enters the inside of the filter cartridge 51 along the inclined plate 22. By setting the filter cartridge 51, the sample can be preliminarily filtered, and then exosomes can be separated from larger cell debris and impurities. At the same time, the motor 4 is powered externally and works. The motor 4 drives the rotating shaft 61 to rotate. The rotating shaft 61 drives the rotating plate 52 and the scraping plate 53 to rotate, so as to drive the sample inside the filter cartridge 51 to rotate. Then the rotating plate 52 cleans the sample on the inner wall of the filter cartridge 51 to prevent the filter cartridge 51 from being blocked and improve the filtering effect. At the same time, the scraping plate 53 drives the sample at the bottom to turn upward to avoid sample accumulation affecting filtration. The rotating plate 52 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 61. A scraping plate 53 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom of the rotating shaft 61 close to the filter cartridge 51. The scraping plate 53 is inclined.

[0055] During use, the crushed sample is added into the inside of the outer shell 21 through the feed port 3. The sample enters the inside of the filter cartridge 51 along the inclined plate 22. By setting the filter cartridge 51, the sample can be preliminarily filtered, and then exosomes can be separated from larger cell debris and impurities. At the same time, the motor 4 is powered externally and works. The motor 4 drives the rotating shaft 61 to rotate. The rotating shaft 61 drives the rotating plate 52 and the scraping plate 53 to rotate, so as to drive the sample inside the filter cartridge 51 to rotate. Then the rotating plate 52 cleans the sample on the inner wall of the filter cartridge 51 to prevent the filter cartridge 51 from being blocked.

[0056] The preliminarily filtered sample flows to the edge of the filter screen 631 through the flow guide plate 64. Subsequently, under the action of the gravity of the sample itself, the sample flows towards the middle along the filter screen 631. By setting the wavy filter screen 631, the sample can have a larger contact area and a more reasonable flow path on the filter screen 631, making the filtering process faster.

[0057] The preliminarily filtered sample falls onto the upper part of the flow guide plate 64 through the filter cylinder 51, and then falls onto the upper part of the filter screen 631 along the flow guide plate 64. Under the action of the gravity of the sample itself, the flow guide plate 64 is stressed and drives the sliding ring 610 to move downward. At this time, the sliding ring 610 contacts and squeezes the top of the limit block 66. The limit block 66 pushes the trapezoidal block 672 through the extension rod 671 to contact the outer side of the middle rotating shaft 61. The friction between the trapezoidal block 672 and the rotating shaft 61 becomes larger, making the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 61 smaller. As a result, the screening component 5 filters more slowly, reducing the sample entering the filter screen 631 and avoiding the influence of excessive sample feeding on the purity of the filtered sample.

[0058] Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art and related fields without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The structures, devices, and operation methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention shall be implemented according to the conventional means in the art without special instructions and limitations.

Claims

1. A method for extracting plant exosomes, characterized in that: It consists of the following steps: S1. Plant crushing: clean the plant material and then crush the plant tissue using crushing equipment; S2, screening and filtering, the crushed sample is initially filtered using an extraction device to remove larger impurities; S3, centrifugation, first low-speed centrifugation, then medium-speed centrifugation, and finally high-speed centrifugation, at which time the supernatant is enriched with exosomes; S4, ultracentrifugation, transferring the supernatant after the above centrifugation into an ultracentrifuge tube, so that the exosomes are precipitated at the bottom of the centrifuge tube; S5, washing and resuspending, washing the precipitate with PBS buffer, and resuspending it in an appropriate amount of PBS buffer to obtain an exosome suspension; The extraction device according to S2 is characterized by comprising: A frame (1), the top of the frame (1) being fixedly connected to a shell (2), the top of the shell (2) being fixedly connected to a feed port (3), the top of the shell (2) being fixedly connected to a motor (4), the output end of the motor (4) passing through the shell (2), and the interior of the shell (2) being fixedly connected to a cooling pipe (7); A screening assembly (5), wherein the screening assembly (5) is fixedly mounted inside the housing (2); A filter assembly (6), the filter assembly (6) being fixedly mounted inside the housing (2), the filter assembly (6) being located below the screening assembly (5); The filter assembly (6) comprises a rotating shaft (61), the rotating shaft (61) being fixedly connected to the output end of the motor (4), the rotating shaft (61) being rotationally connected to the housing (2), the outer side of the rotating shaft (61) being rotationally connected to a fixing ring (62), and the outer side of the fixing ring (62) being fixedly connected to an intermediate assembly (63); The inner cavity of the shell (2) is provided with a fixing block (65), the outer surface of the fixing block (65) is set as an inclined surface inclined from the outer side to the middle part, the end of the fixing block (65) is fixedly connected to a limit ring (611), the limit ring (611) is fixedly connected to the inside of the shell (2), the outer side of the fixing block (65) is slidably connected to a slip ring (610), the outer surface of the fixing block (65) close to the shell (2) is provided with a circular hole (69), the circular hole (69) penetrates the fixing block (65), and the middle part of the outer side of the fixing block (65) is provided with a slide groove (68), and the slide groove (68) is arranged in a trapezoidal shape; The slide groove (68) is internally slidably connected to a limit block (66), the limit block (66) passes through the shell (2), and the limit block (66) is slidably connected to the shell (2), and one end of the limit block (66) away from the shell (2) is fixedly connected to a positioning component (67), the positioning component (67) passes through the fixed block (65), and the positioning component (67) is slidably connected to the fixed block (65); The intermediate component (63) comprises a filter screen (631), wherein there are two filter screens (631), the two filter screens (631) are symmetrically arranged up and down, the filter screen (631) is arranged in a wave-like manner, a filter hole (632) is provided on a side of the filter screen (631) close to the fixing ring (62), and the filter hole (632) is located in a recessed position of the filter screen (631), a through hole (635) is provided on the top of the filter screen (631), and the through hole (635) is arranged at a protruding position of the filter screen (631), and the filter hole (632) is arranged in an elliptical manner; The end of the filter screen (631) away from the fixing ring (62) is fixedly connected to a fixing frame (638); the bottom of the fixing frame (638) is fixedly connected to a round rod (633); the round rod (633) is located inside the round hole (69); the round rod (633) is slidably connected to the fixing block (65) through the round hole (69); and the side of the fixing frame (638) close to the round rod (633) is fixedly connected to a spring (634); One end of the spring (634) away from the fixing frame (638) is fixedly connected to the fixing block (65); a retaining ring (636) is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing frame (638) close to the filter screen (631); one end of the fixing frame (638) away from the retaining ring (636) is fixedly connected to a retaining plate (637); the retaining plate (637) and the retaining ring (636) are located on the same vertical plane; the retaining plate (637) is arranged in an arc shape; The screening assembly (5) comprises a filter cartridge (51), the filter cartridge (51) being fixedly connected to the bottom of the inclined plate (22), a rotating plate (52) being arranged inside the filter cartridge (51), the rotating plate (52) being fixedly connected to a rotating shaft (61), a scraper (53) being fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner side of the rotating shaft (61) close to the filter cartridge (51), and the scraper (53) being arranged obliquely; The positioning assembly (67) comprises an extension rod (671), the extension rod (671) being fixedly connected to one end of the limit block (66) away from the housing (21), the extension rod (671) being slidably connected to the fixed block (65), the extension rod (671) being fixedly connected to one end of the limit block (66) with a trapezoidal block (672), and the trapezoidal block (672) being provided with a through slot (673) at one end of the extension rod (671).

2. A method for extracting plant exosomes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling pipe (7) is located at the interval between the slip ring (610) and the shell (2); a guide plate (64) is fixedly connected to the top of the slip ring (610); the guide plate (64) is in the shape of a lower hopper.

3. A method for extracting plant exosomes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The housing (2) comprises an outer shell (21), the outer side of the outer shell (21) is fixedly connected to the frame (1), an inclined plate (22) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer shell (21) close to the screening assembly (5), the inclined plate (22) is fixedly connected to the screening assembly (5), and a discharge hole (23) is provided in the middle of the bottom of the outer shell (21).

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