Flue gas purification system for testing combustion performance of building material

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of flue gas purification, and particularly relates to a flue gas purification system for testing combustion performance of building materials. The flue gas purification system comprises a pulse type filter element dust remover, an activated carbon adsorption box and a spray tower which are sequentially connected through pipelines; an air outlet of the pulse type filter element dust remover is connected to an air inlet of the activated carbon adsorption box; a gas outlet of the activated carbon adsorption box is connected to the bottom of the spray tower, and an organic waste gas absorption liquid spray device is arranged in the spray tower. The flue gas purification system is environment-friendly equipment specially designed for industrial waste gas treatment, harmful substances such as particulate matters, harmful gases (such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds), peculiar smell and the like in waste gas can be effectively removed, and it is ensured that waste gas emission meets the environment-friendly standard.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of flue gas purification, and in particular relates to a flue gas purification system for testing the combustion performance of building materials. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the construction industry, the combustion performance of building materials has become a key consideration for public safety and environmental protection. The smoke generated during the combustion of building materials not only pollutes the environment but may also release toxic gases, posing a threat to human health. Therefore, testing and evaluating the combustion performance of building materials has become particularly important. To ensure the safety and environmental friendliness of building materials, a flue gas purification system is required to treat the smoke generated during combustion experiments and minimize its impact on the environment and human health.

[0003] There are many types of building materials used in building material combustion tests, and combustion will produce a large amount of dust particles, organic waste gas, SO2, NOx, odorous gases, etc. The waste gas generated by the combustion of building materials is relatively complex and difficult to treat. It contains a variety of VOCs, and many components have a strong pungent odor and are acidic and corrosive. Most of them are soluble in certain organic solvents, and a small part is soluble in water. At present, flue gas purification technologies mainly include physical methods, chemical methods, and biological methods. Physical methods such as filtration and washing technologies can remove some pollutants, but the treatment effect and capacity are limited; chemical methods such as catalytic reduction and adsorption technologies have good results, but they have the problems of high cost and strict operating conditions; biological methods use microorganisms to degrade organic pollutants, but require a long reaction time and specific environmental conditions.

[0004] Patent CN 118594235 A discloses a flue gas purification system comprising a scrubber, a blower, and a gas compression device. The scrubber is used to scrub the flue gas. However, this flue gas purification system primarily treats flue gas generated by boiler combustion, removing pollutants such as sulfides and nitrogen oxides through a reaction with a spray liquid. It is unable to effectively remove particulate matter and VOCs generated by the combustion of building materials.

[0005] Patent CN 103721550A discloses an absorbent for simultaneous desulfurization, denitrification, and VOC removal from flue gas. The absorbent is composed of the following components, calculated by mass percentage: 5-10% ammonium salt, 0.01-0.50% surfactant, 1‰-2% complexing agent, and the balance water. The absorbent primarily absorbs acidic SO2 and NOx components from flue gas through the ammonium salt. However, the use of water alone as a solvent and simple surfactants results in poor absorption of some VOC components, making it difficult to effectively absorb the highly complex and high-concentration VOCs used in building material combustion performance testing. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the shortcomings and deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention aims to provide a flue gas purification system for testing the combustion performance of building materials. The flue gas purification system of the present invention is an environmentally friendly device designed specifically for industrial waste gas treatment. It can effectively remove harmful substances in the waste gas, such as particulate matter, harmful gases (such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, etc.), and odors, ensuring that the waste gas emissions meet environmental standards.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A flue gas purification system for testing the combustion performance of building materials includes a pulse filter element dust collector, an activated carbon adsorption box and a spray tower connected in sequence by pipelines; the air outlet of the pulse filter element dust collector is connected to the air inlet of the activated carbon adsorption box; the air outlet of the activated carbon adsorption box is connected to the bottom of the spray tower, and an organic waste gas absorption liquid spraying device is provided in the spray tower.

[0009] Furthermore, the filter element of the pulse filter element dust collector is provided with an electromagnetic pulse automatic blowing device for automatically cleaning the dust accumulated on the surface of the filter element; and an ash hopper for collecting dust is provided under the pulse filter element dust collector.

[0010] The resistance of a pulse filter dust collector increases with the thickness of the dust layer on the filter surface. At this time, the PLC program controls the opening and closing of the pulse valve. The electromagnetic pulse valve opens at the time set by the pulse controller, and compressed air rushes into the filter element in a short period of time, causing the filter element to expand and deform, generating vibration. Under the action of the reverse airflow, the dust attached to the outer surface of the filter element is peeled off and falls into the ash hopper. The detached dust falls into the ash hopper and is discharged through the ash discharge valve, and the ash truck is cleaned regularly. The pulse controller automatically sprays the filter cartridge with a pulse valve every 30-45 seconds to clean the dust, so that the dust on the filter material can be blown off in time, reducing resistance and allowing gas to circulate faster.

[0011] Furthermore, the air inlet of the pulse filter dust collector is connected to an air collecting buffer box for controlling and adjusting the air intake volume and pressure.

[0012] Furthermore, the activated carbon adsorption box utilizes honeycomb activated carbon, which features large specific surface area, low through-hole resistance, well-developed micropores, high adsorption capacity, and a long service life. The honeycomb activated carbon adsorption method utilizes a large surface area and porous activated carbon, whereby pollutants in the exhaust gas are adsorbed and purified.

[0013] Furthermore, the spray tower and pipeline are both made of polypropylene (PP). PP has the characteristics of low density, easy welding and processing, excellent chemical resistance, heat resistance and impact resistance, and is non-toxic and odorless, making it one of the most environmentally friendly engineering plastics.

[0014] Furthermore, the organic waste gas absorption liquid in the organic waste gas absorption liquid spraying device is composed of the following components in the following mass percentage ratios:

[0015] The invention comprises 5% to 10% of a small molecule alcohol, 75% to 85% of water, 10% to 15% of a compound surfactant, 0.05% to 0.2% of a stabilizer, 0.02% to 0.1% of an antioxidant, and 0.05% to 0.2% of a pH adjuster; the compound surfactant is a combination of at least one of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and at least one of a cationic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant.

[0016] Furthermore, the small molecule alcohol is ethanol, propylene glycol or isopropanol.

[0017] Furthermore, the cationic surfactant includes cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB); the nonionic surfactant includes sorbitan monooleate polyoxyethylene ether (Tween-80) or Triton X-100.

[0018] Further preferably, the compound surfactant consists of 3% SDS, 4% CTAB and 8% PEG-400.

[0019] Further preferably, the compound surfactant consists of 5% SDS, 3% styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (FMES) and 3% Tween-80.

[0020] Further preferably, the compound surfactant consists of 5% SDS and 5% Triton X-100.

[0021] Furthermore, the stabilizer is disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-2Na).

[0022] Furthermore, the antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).

[0023] Furthermore, the pH adjuster is citric acid, phosphoric acid or sodium bicarbonate.

[0024] The spray tower employed in this invention offers advantages such as high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and low energy consumption. By employing a specially formulated organic waste gas absorption liquid, it achieves high purification efficiency, effectively removing harmful substances from waste gas and meeting emission standards. Furthermore, the spray tower is constructed from environmentally friendly PP material, preventing secondary pollution. Its low energy consumption also ensures high economic benefits over long-term operation.

[0025] Furthermore, the air outlet at the top of the spray tower is connected to a fan, which is then connected to an exhaust duct. A monitoring platform is installed on the exhaust duct. This configuration allows the fan to adjust the required air volume according to production needs, thereby achieving energy savings. The monitoring platform installed on the exhaust duct allows for real-time monitoring of exhaust gas quality.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] (1) The flue gas purification system of the present invention adopts a reasonably arranged pulse filter element dust collector, an activated carbon adsorption box and a spray tower, which can efficiently remove various harmful substances in the exhaust gas from the combustion of building materials, and has low energy consumption during the operation of the equipment.

[0028] (2) The spray tower of the flue gas purification system of the present invention adopts an organic waste gas absorption liquid with a specific composition, which has a high absorption efficiency for VOCs waste gas from the combustion of complex building materials and has the advantages of being green, environmentally friendly and low-cost.

[0029] (3) The flue gas purification system of the present invention is easy to maintain. Its modular design facilitates installation, maintenance, and component replacement, reducing operation and maintenance costs. Furthermore, it can be equipped with an intelligent control system to adjust the air volume according to production needs, thereby achieving energy-saving effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the connections for a flue gas purification system used for building materials combustion performance testing in Example 1. The numbers in the diagram are as follows: 1 - Pulse filter dust collector, 2 - Activated carbon adsorption box, 3 - Spray tower, 4 - Gas collection buffer box, 5 - Electromagnetic pulse automatic spray device, 6 - Ash hopper, 7 - Organic waste gas absorption liquid spray device, 8 - Fan, 9 - Exhaust duct, 10 - Detection platform. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A flue gas purification system for testing the combustion performance of building materials, the connection relationship structure diagram is as follows Figure 1As shown. It includes a pulse filter element dust collector 1, an activated carbon adsorption box 2 (using a secondary activated carbon adsorption box) and a spray tower 3 connected in sequence by PP pipes; the air inlet of the pulse filter element dust collector 1 is connected to an air collecting buffer box 4. It is used to control and adjust the air intake volume and pressure. The air outlet of the pulse filter element dust collector 1 is connected to the air inlet of the activated carbon adsorption box 2; the filter element of the pulse filter element dust collector 1 is provided with an electromagnetic pulse automatic spraying device 5, which is used to automatically clean the accumulated dust on the surface of the filter element; an ash hopper 6 for collecting dust is provided under the pulse filter element dust collector 1. The air outlet of the activated carbon adsorption box 2 is connected to the bottom of the spray tower 3, and an organic waste gas absorption liquid spraying device 7 is provided in the spray tower 3. The air outlet at the top of the spray tower 3 is further connected to a fan 8, and the fan 8 is connected to an exhaust pipe 9 for discharge, and a detection platform 10 is provided on the exhaust pipe 9. By setting the fan, the required air volume can be adjusted according to production needs to achieve energy-saving effects. By setting up a detection platform on the exhaust pipe, the exhaust gas quality can be monitored in real time.

[0034] The flue gas treatment process for the building material combustion performance test using the flue gas purification system of this embodiment is as follows:

[0035] The designed air volume of the flue gas purification system in this embodiment is 30000m 3 / h. The exhaust gas generated by the combustion of building materials is collected by the gas collecting buffer box 4 and then enters the pulse filter element dust collector 1. The resistance of the pulse filter element dust collector 1 increases with the increase of the thickness of the dust layer on the surface of the filter element (the filter element adopts a membrane filter element, and its filter material is treated with polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE. Compared with other ordinary filter elements, it is more wear-resistant, chemically stable, and corrosion-resistant). At this time, the PLC program controls the opening and closing of the pulse valve. The electromagnetic pulse valve opens at the time set by the pulse controller. Compressed air flows into the filter element in a short time, causing the filter element to expand and deform to vibrate. Under the action of the reverse airflow, the dust attached to the outer surface of the filter element is peeled off and falls into the ash hopper 6. The detached dust falls into the ash hopper and is discharged through the ash unloading valve, and the ash truck is cleaned regularly. The pulse controller automatically sprays the pulse valve to clean the filter element every 30-45 seconds, so that the dust on the filter element can be blown off in time, reducing resistance and allowing the gas to circulate faster. The exhaust gas, which has been freed of particulate matter by the pulse filter dust collector 1, enters the activated carbon adsorption box 2. The activated carbon adsorption box 2 contains honeycomb activated carbon, which has the characteristics of large specific surface area, low through-hole resistance, well-developed micropores, high adsorption capacity, and long service life. It is widely used in exhaust gas treatment. The honeycomb activated carbon adsorption method is selected, that is, the exhaust gas comes into contact with porous activated carbon with a large surface area, and the pollutants in the exhaust gas are adsorbed, thereby playing a purification role. Try to avoid excessively high temperatures, as excessively high temperatures will reduce the adsorption capacity, which decreases with rising temperature. At the same time, avoid high dust content and oil mist, because tar and dust mist will clog the micropores of the activated carbon, increase resistance, and reduce the adsorption effect. If the operating environment contains a large amount of dense dust and tar, the exhaust gas should be pre-treated to remove dust and oil before entering the activated carbon adsorption box to achieve the best use effect and longest service life. After treatment in activated carbon adsorption tank 2, waste gas enters spray tower 3 from the bottom, where it comes into countercurrent contact with organic waste gas absorption liquid sprayed by organic waste gas absorption liquid spray device 7. Harmful substances in the waste gas are absorbed by the absorption liquid, resulting in purified gas. The gas purified by spray tower 3 is discharged through exhaust duct 9 under the suction of terminal negative pressure blower 8. Exhaust duct 9 is further provided with a detection port for monitoring the exhaust gas.

[0036] Referring to the environmental benefits and cost analysis of typical VOCs treatment technologies for process waste gas in the "Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Volatile Organic Compounds in Laboratories," the treatment efficiency of the activated carbon adsorption box of this invention ranges from 50% to 80%. For the sake of conservatism, the single-stage activated carbon adsorption treatment efficiency for this project is calculated as 75%. The combined (secondary activated carbon) treatment efficiency is calculated as follows: 1-(1-75%) × (1-75%) = 93.75%. This device conservatively uses a value of 90%. The treatment efficiency of a spray tower can typically reach over 80%-90%. Therefore, the combined treatment efficiency of this "pulse filter dust collector + secondary activated carbon adsorption box + PP spray tower" device for treating organic waste gas reaches 90%.

[0037] Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5

[0038] Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are respectively composed of organic waste gas absorption liquids according to the following Table 1 (each percentage is calculated as a mass percentage) to simulate the contact of the organic waste gas absorption liquid spraying device 7 in Example 1 with the VOCs waste gas from the building materials combustion test. The treatment efficiency of each component in the VOCs waste gas (relative absorption efficiency = 1-gas chromatographic peak area of ​​each component in the VOCs waste gas after contact / gas chromatographic peak area of ​​each component in the VOCs waste gas before contact) is shown in Table 2.

[0039] Table 1. Composition of absorption liquid in Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5

[0040]

[0041]

[0042] Table 2. Treatment efficiency of each component in VOCs waste gas of Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5

[0043] Toluene Ethylbenzene m-Xylene p-Xylene o-Xylene Example 2 100.0％ 68.9％ 85.8％ 84.0％ 81.4％ Example 3 100.0％ 100.0％ 100.0％ 100.0％ 100.0％ Example 4 100.0％ 80.0％ 100.0％ 100.0％ 100.0％ Example 5 89.7％ 82.4％ 100％ 93.0％ 92.4％ Comparative Example 1 63.0％ 68.6％ 64.2％ 73.7％ 71.5％ Comparative Example 2 71.8％ 69.0％ 73.8％ 77.2％ 75.4％ Comparative Example 3 86.1％ 79.1％ 82.3％ 77.7％ 86.2％ Comparative Example 4 21.5％ 66.1％ 85.0％ 83.4％ 83.3％ Comparative Example 5 85.8％ 89.2％ 83.7％ 84.7％ 86.0％

[0044] By comparing the results of Comparative Example 1 with Examples 2 and 5, it can be concluded that the present invention uses SDS or SDBS in combination with the cationic surfactant CTAB to significantly improve the absorption efficiency of the resulting absorption liquid for VOCs waste gas. By comparing the results of Comparative Example 2 with Example 2, it can be concluded that the present invention uses a certain amount of PEG-400 as a co-surfactant, which can synergize with the main surfactant to enhance the absorption efficiency of the absorption liquid for various VOCs. By comparing the results of Comparative Example 3 with Example 3, it can be concluded that the present invention uses SDS in combination with the nonionic surfactant Tween-80 to significantly improve the absorption efficiency of the resulting absorption liquid for VOCs waste gas. By comparing the results of Comparative Example 4 with Example 3, it can be concluded that the present invention uses a certain amount of FMES to synergistically improve the absorption efficiency of the main surfactant for various VOCs. By comparing the results of Comparative Example 5 with Example 4, it can be concluded that the present invention uses SDS in combination with the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 to significantly improve the absorption efficiency of the resulting absorption liquid for VOCs waste gas.

[0045] The above embodiments are preferred implementations of the present invention, but the implementations of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered as equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flue gas purification system for testing the combustion performance of building materials, characterized in that: It includes a pulse filter element dust collector, an activated carbon adsorption box and a spray tower which are connected in sequence by pipelines; the air outlet of the pulse filter element dust collector is connected to the air inlet of the activated carbon adsorption box; the air outlet of the activated carbon adsorption box is connected to the bottom of the spray tower, and an organic waste gas absorption liquid spraying device is arranged in the spray tower.

2. A flue gas purification system for building material combustion performance testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter element of the pulse filter element dust collector is provided with an electromagnetic pulse automatic blowing device for automatically cleaning the accumulated dust on the surface of the filter element; and an ash hopper for collecting dust is provided under the pulse filter element dust collector.

3. A flue gas purification system for building material combustion performance testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlet of the pulse filter element dust collector is connected to the air collecting buffer box; the activated carbon adsorption box uses honeycomb activated carbon; the spray tower and pipeline are both made of PP material.

4. A flue gas purification system for building material combustion performance testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic waste gas absorption liquid in the organic waste gas absorption liquid spraying device is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 5% to 10% of small molecule alcohol, 75% to 85% of water, 10% to 15% of compound surfactant, 0.05% to 0.2% of stabilizer, 0.02% to 0.1% of antioxidant, and 0.05% to 0.2% of pH adjuster; the compound surfactant is a combination of at least one of SDS and SDBS and at least one of a cationic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant.

5. A flue gas purification system for building material combustion performance testing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The small molecule alcohol is ethanol, propylene glycol or isopropanol; the cationic surfactant includes CTAB; and the nonionic surfactant includes Tween-80 or Triton X-100.

6. A flue gas purification system for building material combustion performance testing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The compound surfactant consists of 3% SDS, 4% CTAB and 8% PEG-400.

7. A flue gas purification system for testing the combustion performance of building materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: The compound surfactant consists of 5% SDS, 3% FMES and 3% Tween-80.

8. A flue gas purification system for building material combustion performance testing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The compound surfactant consists of 5% SDS and 5% Triton X-100.

9. A flue gas purification system for testing the combustion performance of building materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: The stabilizer is EDTA-2Na; the antioxidant is BHT; and the pH adjuster is citric acid, phosphoric acid or sodium bicarbonate.

10. A flue gas purification system for building material combustion performance testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air outlet at the top of the spray tower is further connected to a fan, the fan is connected to an exhaust pipe, and a detection platform is arranged on the exhaust pipe.

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