A machine tool with an internal constraint structure

Abstract

The present invention discloses a machine tool with an internal constraint structure, comprising: a machine tool spindle, at least two guide rails are provided in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction and Z-axis direction respectively, and at least two guide rails in the same axial direction include at least a pair of guide rails not in the same coordinate plane, and these guide rails form an internal constraint space; the overlapping region of at least two internal constraint spaces is a motion space, and the motion space is the motion region of the tool tip point of the machine tool spindle during the machining process. By arranging at least two guide rails not in the same coordinate plane in the three axial directions, the layout of the guide rails is optimized, and the motion of the machine tool components is constrained by the guide rails, so that the tool tip point is always located in a closed space, effectively constraining its motion in each axial direction, reducing the influence of the cutting force and reducing the micro displacement. It effectively avoids the influence of the overturning moment on the machine tool spindle, suppresses vibration and deformation, and ensures the machining accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of machine tools, and particularly to a machine tool with an internal constraint structure. Background Art

[0002] As the cornerstone of modern equipment manufacturing industry, numerical control machine tools carry the strategic mission of providing key basic equipment for the manufacturing industry. Against the backdrop of the rapid development of high-end equipment manufacturing industry, the machine tool industry urgently needs to break through the performance bottleneck of precision manufacturing technology. Especially in high-end manufacturing fields such as aerospace and precision instruments, with the exponential growth of ultra-precision machining requirements, the requirements for the dynamic stability and machining accuracy of machine tools have approached the physical limit. Research shows that when the machining accuracy enters the sub-micron level, the sensitivity of the machine tool structure to force response will increase non-linearly. Especially during the cutting process of the machine tool, the dynamic cutting force borne by the tool system has significant time-varying characteristics and multi-degree-of-freedom coupling characteristics. Under the machining conditions of superhard tools, the peak value of the instantaneous cutting force generated in the tool-workpiece contact area can reach more than a thousand newtons. This high-frequency alternating load will trigger the three-dimensional dynamic response of the machine tool structure. The overturning moment induced by the cutting moment at the joint surface of the spindle-spindle mounting structural parts (such as crossbeam, column, etc.) can cause micro-displacement at the cutting point of the tool, resulting in a micron-level pose deviation of the tool system. This "butterfly effect" in precision machining not only directly affects the machining forming quality, but also causes systematic attenuation of machining accuracy through the error transfer mechanism.

[0003] Therefore, how to effectively control the influence of cutting force on the machine tool to improve the machining accuracy of the machine tool has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a machine tool with an internal constraint structure to effectively control the influence of cutting force on the machine tool.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A machine tool with an internal constraint structure includes: a machine tool spindle, and further includes:

[0007] XY coordinate plane, YZ coordinate plane and ZX coordinate plane;

[0008] The XY coordinate plane is a plane perpendicular to the Z-axis direction;

[0009] The YZ coordinate plane is a plane perpendicular to the X-axis direction;

[0010] The ZX coordinate plane is a plane perpendicular to the Y-axis direction;

[0011] At least two guide rails are provided in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction and Z-axis direction, and at least one pair of guide rails not in the same coordinate plane exists in the same axial direction;

[0012] Two XY coordinate planes and two ZX coordinate planes where two X-direction guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane form an X-direction sub-space, and the union of the X-direction sub-spaces forms an X-direction internal constraint space;

[0013] Two XY coordinate planes and two YZ coordinate planes where two Y-direction guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane form a Y-direction sub-space, and the union of the Y-direction sub-spaces forms a Y-direction internal constraint space;

[0014] Two ZX coordinate planes and two YZ coordinate planes where two Z-direction guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane form a Z-direction sub-space, and the union of the Z-direction sub-spaces forms a Z-direction internal constraint space Z1;

[0015] The overlapping region of at least two of the X-direction internal constraint space, Y-direction internal constraint space, and Z-direction internal constraint space Z1 is the motion space, and the motion space is the motion region of the tip point of the machine tool spindle during the machining process.

[0016] Preferably, the motion space is the overlapping region of the X-direction internal constraint space, Y-direction internal constraint space, and Z-direction internal constraint space Z1.

[0017] Preferably, a first motion plane is formed between a pair of guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane in the same axial direction. During the machining process, the tip point of the machine tool spindle can coincide with the first motion plane in at least one axial direction.

[0018] Preferably, at least three guide rails are provided in at least one of the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction.

[0019] Preferably, the prismatic space formed with the guide rails as the edges in the direction where at least three guide rails are provided is the guide rail constraint space, and the guide rail constraint space replaces the internal constraint space in the corresponding axial direction to form the motion space.

[0020] Preferably, it further includes an angle head. A first motion plane is formed between two guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane in the same axial direction. During the machining process, the swing axis of the angle head has an intersection with the first motion plane in at least one axial direction, and the tip point of the angle head coincides with the intersection.

[0021] Preferably, the angle head is a single pendulum angle head. During the machining process, the swing axis of the angle head is located in the first motion plane in at least one axial direction.

[0022] Preferably, the angle head is a double pendulum angle head. During the machining process, the swing axis of the angle head is located in the first motion plane in at least one axial direction.

[0023] Preferably, the angle head is a non-orthogonal angle head, and the tip point of the non-orthogonal angle head is located on the swing axis of the non-orthogonal angle head.

[0024] Preferably, there is an included angle between the mounting surface of the angle head and the XY coordinate plane.

[0025] Preferably, it further includes a turntable, which can fix the workpiece. During the machining process, the rotation center of the workpiece is within the motion space.

[0026] Preferably, the turntable is a two-axis turntable, which can fix the workpiece. During the machining process, the envelope surface of the part to be machined of the workpiece is within the motion space.

[0027] Preferably, the machine tool is a turning-milling composite machine tool, which includes a workpiece spindle that can fix the workpiece. During the machining process, the envelope line of the part to be machined of the workpiece is within the motion space.

[0028] Preferably, the machine tool is a milling machine, which includes a turntable and a swivel milling head. The turntable can fix the workpiece. During the machining process, the tip point of the swivel milling head is within the envelope line of the part to be machined of the workpiece and within the motion space.

[0029] Beneficial effects:

[0030] A machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in the present application, by arranging at least a pair of guide rails not in the same coordinate plane in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction respectively, enabling at least two of the X-internal constraint space, Y-internal constraint space, and Z-internal constraint space formed by the guide rails in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction to intersect, forming a closed motion space, thereby realizing the optimization of the guide rail structure layout, using the guide rails to internally constrain the movement of the machine tool components, so that the tip point is always located within the closed motion space during the machining process, realizing the effective constraint of the tip point in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction, greatly reducing the influence of the cutting force on the tip point, thereby reducing the micro-displacement of the tip point; effectively avoiding the influence of the overturning moment on the machine tool spindle during operation, suppressing vibration and deformation, and ensuring the machining accuracy of the machine tool. Description of the Drawings

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 Structure schematic diagram of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 Side view of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 Front view of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 Top view of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 Structure schematic diagram of the bed of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 Structure schematic diagram of the crossbeam of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 Structure schematic diagram of the saddle of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the X - direction internal constraint space of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the Y - direction internal constraint space of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 11 For Figure 10 exploded view Figure 1 ;

[0043] Figure 12 For Figure 10 exploded view Figure 2 ;

[0044] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the Z - direction internal constraint space of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the guide - rail constraint space in the Y - axis direction of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 15Schematic diagram of the guide rail constraint space in the Z-axis direction of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the cooperation between the swing angle milling head and the ram of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 17 Schematic diagram of the structure of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 18 Front view of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 19 Side view of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 20 Top view of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 21 Schematic diagram of the Y-axis internal constraint space of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 22 Schematic diagram of the X-axis internal constraint space of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 23 Schematic diagram of the Z-axis internal constraint space of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 24 Schematic diagram of the structure of a machine tool with an internal constraint structure disclosed in Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

[0056] In the figure:

[0057] Bed; 11, Main body; 12, Support column;

[0058] Swing angle milling head; 21, Mounting end; 22, Tool clamping end; 23, Mounting surface;

[0059] 3, Cross beam; 31, First main body; 32, Second main body; 33, Side wall; 34, Side wall;

[0060] 4, Saddle; 41, Frame; 42, First extension; 43, Second extension; 44, First support plate; 45, Second support plate; 46, Third support plate; 47, Top plate;

[0061] 5, Ram;

[0062] 6, Turntable;

[0063] 71. First X-direction guide rail; 72. Second X-direction guide rail; 73. Third X-direction guide rail;

[0064] 81. First Y-direction guide rail; 82. Second Y-direction guide rail; 83. Third Y-direction guide rail; 84. Fourth Y-direction guide rail;

[0065] 91. First Z-direction guide rail; 92. Second Z-direction guide rail; 93. Third Z-direction guide rail;

[0066] 10. Workpiece spindle;

[0067] A1. First moving plane; A2. Second moving plane; A3. Third moving plane; A4. Fourth moving plane;

[0068] X1. X-inward constraint space;

[0069] Y1. Y-inward constraint space; Y11. First Y-direction sub-space; Y12. Second Y-direction sub-space; Y13. Third Y-direction sub-space; Y14. Fourth Y-direction sub-space;

[0070] Z1. Z-inward constraint space; Z11. First Z-direction sub-space; Z12. Second Z-direction sub-space; Z13. Third Z-direction sub-space;

[0071] N. Moving space. Specific embodiments

[0072] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0073] The accuracy of a machine tool is affected by various factors, including the structural design of the machine tool, the drive system and control system, thermal error, tool wear, and the measurement and feedback system, etc. To improve the accuracy of the machine tool, efforts can be made from these aspects or comprehensive measures can be taken. Since the structural design of the machine tool is the foundation of the entire machine tool, if we want to improve the accuracy of the machine tool, the primary task is to optimize the structural design of the machine tool.

[0074] Current machine tools are mainly divided into structural types such as horizontal machine tools, vertical machine tools, and gantry machine tools. Each component of these machine tools is connected in sequence, forming an open-chain structure, which inevitably results in a cantilever structure for the machine tool spindle. However, the cutting force borne by the tool tip point during the machining process mainly acts on the connection part between it and the adjacent component, which makes the stiffness of the machine tool directly affect the stress state of the tool tip point and the stability of the machining accuracy.

[0075] The existing machine tool structure mainly improves the stiffness of the entire machine tool by enhancing the static stiffness of each component. However, in practical applications, it is found that under the influence of cutting force, gravity, and acceleration, etc., the dynamic stiffness of each component of the machine tool is insufficient, resulting in irregular small displacements of the tool tip point, significantly affecting the machining accuracy of the machine tool. This makes us realize that improving the dynamic stiffness of the machine tool is particularly important for improving the machining accuracy of the machine tool.

[0076] The machine tool includes linear motion axes and rotating axes to achieve the machining of complex parts, which makes the components of the linear axes of the machine tool must be connected and supported through guide rails, enabling the guide rails to bear the acting force and ensure the motion accuracy. During the machining process of the machine tool, if the dynamic stiffness of the guide rail is insufficient, it will cause the deformation of the guide rail, directly affecting the machining accuracy of the machine tool and further reducing the machining quality. This means that the dynamic stiffness of the machine tool largely depends on the dynamic stiffness of the guide rail. That is, the higher the dynamic stiffness of the guide rail, the smaller the impact on the machining accuracy. On the contrary, the lower the dynamic stiffness of the guide rail, the greater the impact on the machining accuracy. However, limited by the mechanical properties of materials, the improvement of the dynamic stiffness of the guide rail is limited, which requires us to start from other directions to improve the dynamic stiffness of the guide rail.

[0077] Through research and analysis, it is found that the linear motion of the current machine tool components usually uses double guide rails for support. The double guide rails are located in the same plane and are easily affected by the overturning moment during operation, resulting in vibration and deformation, which is not conducive to the precision machining of the entire machine tool. Therefore, this application starts from optimizing the structural layout and guide rail layout of the machine tool to improve the dynamic stiffness of the guide rail, thereby enhancing the stiffness of the entire machine tool.

[0078] Embodiment 1:

[0079] A machine tool with an internal constraint structure, as Figure 1 shown, includes: a machine tool spindle, and also includes:

[0080] The XY coordinate plane, the YZ coordinate plane, and the ZX coordinate plane;

[0081] The XY coordinate plane is a plane perpendicular to the Z-axis direction;

[0082] The YZ coordinate plane is a plane perpendicular to the X-axis direction;

[0083] The ZX coordinate plane is a plane perpendicular to the Y-axis direction;

[0084] There are at least two guide rails provided in each of the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction, and there is at least one pair of guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane in the same axial direction;

[0085] The two XY coordinate planes and two ZX coordinate planes where each pair of X-direction guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane are located form an X-direction sub-space, and the union of the X-direction sub-spaces forms an inner X-direction constraint space X1;

[0086] The two XY coordinate planes and two YZ coordinate planes where each pair of Y-direction guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane are located form a Y-direction sub-space, and the union of the Y-direction sub-spaces forms an inner Y-direction constraint space Y1;

[0087] The two ZX coordinate planes and two YZ coordinate planes where each pair of Z-direction guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane are located form a Z-direction sub-space, and the union of the Z-direction sub-spaces forms an inner Z-direction constraint space Z1;

[0088] The overlapping region of at least two of the inner X-direction constraint space X1, inner Y-direction constraint space Y1, and inner Z-direction constraint space Z1 is the motion space N, and the motion space N is the motion region of the tip point of the machine tool spindle during the machining process.

[0089] In this embodiment, to facilitate the construction of each space and plane, the guide rail needs to be conceptualized as a line in the space as a benchmark for the construction of the space and plane;

[0090] Specifically, when the region of the guide rail for carrying the machine tool component is the guide rail surface of the guide rail itself (taking Figure 4 as an example, Figure 4 the first X-direction guide rail 71 in it conforms to this working condition), the guide rail can be conceptualized as the center line of the guide rail surface;

[0091] When the region of the guide rail for carrying the machine tool component is the side lines on both sides of the guide rail surface of the guide rail itself (taking Figure 4 as an example, Figure 4 the second X-direction guide rail 72 in it conforms to this working condition), the guide rail can be conceptualized as the side line of the guide rail surface.

[0092] In this embodiment, the coordinate planes include the XY coordinate plane, YZ coordinate plane, and ZX coordinate plane;

[0093] The XY coordinate plane is a plane parallel to the XY plane, which is called the z = k plane in mathematics, and its normal vector is the same as that of the standard XY plane, where k is a constant;

[0094] The YZ coordinate plane is a plane parallel to the YZ plane, which is called the x = k plane in mathematics, and its normal vector is the same as that of the standard YZ plane, where k is a constant;

[0095] The ZX coordinate plane is a plane parallel to the ZX plane, which is mathematically called the plane of y = k, and its normal vector is the same as that of the standard ZX plane, where k is a constant.

[0096] For the guide rails in the X-axis direction, for the two XY coordinate planes (z = k planes) where each pair of two X-axis guide rails not in the same coordinate plane are located, the corresponding constants k are not equal;

[0097] For the two ZX coordinate planes (y = k planes) where each pair of two X-axis guide rails not in the same coordinate plane are located, the corresponding constants k are not equal;

[0098] The X-axis sub-space is a prism-shaped space with both ends open, enclosed by the two XY coordinate planes and the two ZX coordinate planes where each pair of two X-axis guide rails not in the same coordinate plane are located;

[0099] When the number of X-axis guide rails is equal to 2, there is only one pair of X-axis guide rails not in the same coordinate plane, so there is only one X-axis sub-space. At this time, the X-axis inner constraint space X1 is equal to the X-axis sub-space;

[0100] When the number of X-axis guide rails is greater than 2, for each additional pair of X-axis guide rails not in the same coordinate plane, one more X-axis sub-space will be correspondingly added. At this time, the X-axis inner constraint space X1 is equal to the union of multiple X-axis sub-spaces;

[0101] For the guide rails in the Y-axis direction, for the two XY coordinate planes (z = k planes) where each pair of two Y-axis guide rails not in the same coordinate plane are located, the corresponding constants k are not equal;

[0102] For the two YZ coordinate planes (x = k planes) where each pair of two Y-axis guide rails not in the same coordinate plane are located, the corresponding constants k are not equal;

[0103] The Y-axis sub-space is a prism-shaped space with both ends open, enclosed by the two XY coordinate planes and the two YZ coordinate planes where each pair of two Y-axis guide rails not in the same coordinate plane are located;

[0104] When the number of Y-axis guide rails is equal to 2, there is only one pair of Y-axis guide rails not in the same coordinate plane, so there is only one Y-axis sub-space. At this time, the Y-axis inner constraint space Y1 is equal to the Y-axis sub-space;

[0105] When the number of Y-axis guide rails is greater than 2, for each additional pair of Y-axis guide rails not in the same coordinate plane, one more Y-axis sub-space will be correspondingly added. At this time, the Y-axis inner constraint space Y1 is equal to the union of multiple Y-axis sub-spaces.

[0106] For the guide rails in the Z-axis direction, for the two ZX coordinate planes (y = k planes) where each pair of two Z-axis guide rails not in the same coordinate plane are located, the corresponding constants k are not equal;

[0107] For two Z-axis guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane, the corresponding constants k of the two ZY coordinate planes (x = k planes) where they are located are not equal.

[0108] The Z-axis sub-space is a prismatic space with two open ends formed by two ZX coordinate planes and two YZ coordinate planes where each pair of two Z-axis guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane are located.

[0109] When the number of Z-axis guide rails is equal to 2, there is only one pair of Z-axis guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane. Therefore, there is only one Z-axis sub-space. At this time, the Z-axis internal constraint space Z1 is equal to the Z-axis sub-space.

[0110] When the number of Z-axis guide rails is greater than 2, for each additional pair of Z-axis guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane, a corresponding Z-axis sub-space will be added. At this time, the Z-axis internal constraint space Z1 is equal to the union of multiple Z-axis sub-spaces.

[0111] For the establishment of the movement plane, the same method of conceptualizing the guide rail as a line in space is adopted. On the same axis, the plane where the lines formed by the conceptualization of two guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane are located together is the movement plane.

[0112] Although the lines formed by the conceptualization of the guide rail are used as the basis for space establishment, compared with the internal constraint space in the shape of a prism formed by coordinate planes, for the guide rail constraint space in the corresponding direction surrounded by constraint surfaces, the tool tip point can be completely located within the surrounding range of the guide rail, with better constraint effect, further reducing the influence of cutting force on the tool tip point and reducing the micro-displacement of the tool tip point.

[0113] The tool tip point is the point that the tool tip of the machine tool spindle needs to reach.

[0114] In this application, by arranging at least one pair of guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction respectively, at least two of the X-axis internal constraint space X1, Y-axis internal constraint space Y1, and Z-axis internal constraint space Z1 formed by the guide rails in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction can intersect to form a closed movement space, thereby realizing the optimization of the guide rail structure layout. The movement of the machine tool components is internally constrained by the guide rails, so that the tool tip point is always located within the closed movement space during the machining process, realizing the effective constraint of the tool tip point in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction, greatly reducing the influence of cutting force on the tool tip point, thereby reducing the micro-displacement of the tool tip point; effectively avoiding the influence of the overturning moment on the machine tool spindle during operation, suppressing vibration and deformation, and ensuring the machining accuracy of the machine tool.

[0115] Preferably, the movement space is the overlapping area of the X-axis internal constraint space X1, Y-axis internal constraint space Y1, and Z-axis internal constraint space Z1.

[0116] The closed motion space is formed by the coincidence of the X-inward constraint space X1, the Y-inward constraint space Y1, and the Z-inward constraint space Z1, enabling the tip point to always be within the closed space during movement in three motion directions during machining. During machining, the cutting force applied to the tip point can be enclosed within the motion space. A pair of guide rails on the three axes that are not in the same coordinate plane always maintain a two-end support state for the tip point, optimizing the force on the guide rails. At the same time, the machine tool components moving in the three axes can also always maintain two-end support, which can not only optimize the force on the guide rails but also support and limit the machine tool components. Finally, through the above structural layout, weak links and areas with insufficient dynamic stiffness are eliminated, thereby improving the overall stiffness of the machine tool, reducing the micro-displacement of the tip point, avoiding the influence of the overturning moment, suppressing vibration and deformation, and ensuring the machining stability of the tip point.

[0117] At the same time, the improvement of dynamic stiffness can also reduce the wear and aging of the machine tool, ensure the machining accuracy of the machine tool, and achieve the effect of extending the service life of the machine tool.

[0118] In addition, since the motion space N is formed by the guide rails, the motion space N must be between a pair of guide rails on the three axes that are not in the same coordinate plane, which makes the motion area necessarily located inside the support structure of the machine tool. Compared with the support structures of existing machine tools (such as the bed, support columns, saddle, and ram, etc.) that can only provide support outside the motion area of the tip point, the machine tool of this application can reduce the volume and weight when achieving the same size machining area, which is beneficial to improving the overall stiffness of the machine tool and reducing the cost of the machine tool.

[0119] Preferably, a first motion plane A1 is formed between a pair of guide rails on the same axis that are not in the same coordinate plane. During machining, the tip point of the machine tool spindle can coincide with the first motion plane A1 on at least one axis.

[0120] After the tip point coincides with the first motion plane A1, the first motion plane A1 plays a supporting role for the tip point, and the tip point will not form a cantilever structure relative to the first motion plane A1, thereby ensuring the stability of the accuracy of the tip point during the machining of the plane.

[0121] Preferably, at least three guide rails are provided on at least one of the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction. At least three guide rails are provided to achieve over-positioning. By adding additional positioning constraints, the degrees of freedom of the guide rails in multiple directions are restricted. The guide rails can withstand greater lateral forces and torsional forces, improving the dynamic stiffness of the guide rails, thereby reducing the positioning errors caused by the loosening or deformation of the guide rails. And the support points for the machine tool components connected to them are increased, improving the dynamic stiffness of the corresponding machine tool components. At the same time, the consistency of each positioning can be ensured, improving the repeat positioning accuracy and meeting high-precision machining.

[0122] Preferably, the prismatic space formed with the guide rails as the edges in the direction of at least three guide rails is the guide rail constraint space, and the guide rail constraint space replaces the inner constraint space in the corresponding axial direction to form the motion space. A constraint surface is formed between two adjacent guide rails, and a plurality of the constraint surfaces are connected to enclose a prismatic guide rail constraint space in the corresponding direction.

[0123] For the establishment of the constraint surface, the same method of conceptualizing the guide rail as a line in space is also adopted. In the direction of at least three guide rails, the lines formed by conceptualizing two adjacent guide rails, and the plane where they are located together is the constraint surface;

[0124] The constraint surfaces are connected to enclose a guide rail constraint space in the corresponding direction, which is a prismatic space formed with the lines formed by conceptualization as the edges;

[0125] In the same axial direction, the guide rail constraint space is located within the inner constraint space. Although both are based on the lines formed by conceptualizing the guide rails as the benchmarks for establishing the space, compared with the inner constraint space in the shape of a quadrangular prism composed of coordinate planes, for the guide rail constraint space in the corresponding direction enclosed by the connected constraint surfaces, the tip point can be completely located within the enclosed range of the guide rails, and the tip point will not form a cantilever structure with respect to the guide rails in this direction, with better constraint effect, further improving the dynamic stiffness of the tip point, reducing the influence of the cutting force on the tip point, and reducing the micro-displacement of the tip point.

[0126] Preferably, it further includes an angle head. A first motion plane A1 is formed between two guide rails in the same axial direction that are not in the same coordinate plane. During the machining process, the swing axis of the angle head has an intersection with the first motion plane A1 in at least one axial direction, and the tip point of the angle head coincides with the intersection. After the tip point of the angle head coincides with the intersection, the first motion plane A1 plays a supporting role for the tip point, and the tip point will not form a cantilever structure with respect to the first motion plane A1, reducing the influence of the cutting force on the displacement of the tip point with respect to the swing axis, so as to ensure the stability of the accuracy of the tip point during the machining process.

[0127] Preferably, the angle head is a single pendulum angle head. During the machining process, the swing axis of the angle head is located within the first motion plane A1 in at least one axial direction, so that the first motion plane A1 plays a supporting role for the swing axis, reducing the influence of the cutting force on the swing axis and the tip point, so as to maintain the stability of the accuracy during the machining process.

[0128] Preferably, the angle head is a double pendulum angle head. During the machining process, the swing axis of the angle head is located within the first motion plane A1 in at least one axial direction.

[0129] Preferably, the angle head is a non-orthogonal angle head, and the tip point of the non-orthogonal angle head is on the swing axis of the non-orthogonal angle head. Specifically, the non-orthogonal angle head is a 45° angle head.

[0130] Preferably, there is an included angle between the mounting surface of the angle head and the XY coordinate plane, so that the distance from the tip point to the mounting surface can be reduced, the cantilever length of the tip point relative to the mounting surface is decreased, and thus the stiffness of the angle head is improved.

[0131] Preferably, it further includes a turntable 6 which can fix the workpiece. During the machining process, the rotation center of the workpiece is within the motion space, and the workpiece is fixed by the turntable 6 to cooperate with the machining of complex shapes.

[0132] Preferably, the turntable is a two-axis turntable which can fix the workpiece. During the machining process, the envelope surface of the part to be machined of the workpiece is within the motion space.

[0133] The envelope surface of the workpiece is composed of a series of characteristic lines, and these characteristic lines are the trajectories of the points where the cutting tool is tangent to the workpiece surface during the machining process. When the cutting tool moves along a certain trajectory, these characteristic lines will change continuously and finally form the envelope surface of the workpiece.

[0134] Embodiment 2:

[0135] This embodiment provides a machine tool with an internal constraint structure, as Figures 2 to 5 shown, including: a machine tool spindle, a turntable 6 and a bed 1, as Figure 1 shown, and further including:

[0136] XY coordinate plane, YZ coordinate plane and ZX coordinate plane;

[0137] The XY coordinate plane is a plane perpendicular to the Z-axis direction;

[0138] The YZ coordinate plane is a plane perpendicular to the X-axis direction;

[0139] The ZX coordinate plane is a plane perpendicular to the Y-axis direction;

[0140] At least two guide rails are provided in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction and Z-axis direction, and at least one pair of guide rails not in the same coordinate plane exists in the same axial direction;

[0141] The two XY coordinate planes and two ZX coordinate planes where the two X-direction guide rails not in the same coordinate plane are located form an X-direction sub-space, and the union of the X-direction sub-spaces forms an X-direction internal constraint space X1;

[0142] Two XY coordinate planes and two YZ coordinate planes where each pair of two Y-direction guide rails not in the same coordinate plane are located form a Y-direction sub-space, and the union of the Y-direction sub-spaces forms an inner Y-direction constraint space Y1;

[0143] Two ZX coordinate planes and two YZ coordinate planes where each pair of two Z-direction guide rails not in the same coordinate plane are located form a Z-direction sub-space, and the union of the Z-direction sub-spaces forms an inner Z-direction constraint space Z1;

[0144] The region where at least two of the inner X-direction constraint space X1, inner Y-direction constraint space Y1, and inner Z-direction constraint space Z1 overlap is the motion space N. The motion space N is the motion region of the tip point of the machine tool spindle during the machining process, and the tip point is the point that the tool tip of the machine tool spindle needs to reach;

[0145] The turntable 6 is fixedly installed on the bed body 1. The machine tool spindle is arranged on the bed body 1 through the X-direction guide rail and / or Y-direction guide rail. Through the linear displacement of the machine tool spindle, the workpiece on the turntable 6 is made to coincide with the motion space N.

[0146] A machine tool with an inner constraint structure provided in this embodiment, by arranging at least one pair of guide rails (two guide rails are a pair) not in the same coordinate plane in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction respectively, enables at least two of the inner X-direction constraint space X1, inner Y-direction constraint space Y1, and inner Z-direction constraint space Z1 formed by the guide rails in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction to intersect, forming a closed motion space N. Thus, the optimization of the guide rail structure layout is achieved, and the inner constraint of the motion of the machine tool components by the guide rails is utilized, so that the tip point is always located within the closed motion space N during the machining process, realizing the effective constraint of the tip point in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, greatly reducing the influence of the cutting force on the tip point, thereby reducing the micro-displacement of the tip point; effectively avoiding the influence of the overturning moment on the machine tool spindle during operation, suppressing vibration and deformation, and ensuring the machining accuracy of the machine tool.

[0147] The machine tool spindle is arranged on the bed body 1 through the guide rail. Through the linear displacement of the machine tool spindle, it is ensured that the workpiece on the turntable 6 fixed on the bed body 1 can coincide with the motion space N. During the machining process, the workpiece does not need to perform reciprocating linear displacement, reducing the influence of the inertia of the workpiece, thereby improving the stability of the machining process.

[0148] In a specific embodiment, as Figure 4 shown, a first motion plane A1 is formed between two guide rails not in the same coordinate plane on the same axis;

[0149] During the machining process, the tip point can coincide with the first motion plane A1 in at least one axis direction.

[0150] The first motion plane A1 belongs to the motion planes. After the tip point coincides with the first motion plane A1, the first motion plane A1 supports the tip point, and no cantilever structure is formed between the tip point and the first motion plane A1, so that the accuracy of the tip point can be ensured to be stable during the machining of the plane.

[0151] In a specific embodiment, as Figure 4 shown, a first motion plane A1 is formed between two guide rails on the same axis that are not in the same coordinate plane;

[0152] In at least one axis direction, the first motion plane A1 can pass through the workpiece on the turntable 6.

[0153] The first motion plane A1 supports the workpiece and reduces the influence of the cutting force on the position of the workpiece, so that the accuracy can be maintained stable during the machining process.

[0154] In a specific embodiment, the machine tool spindle is arranged on the bed 1 through the X-axis guide rail, Y-axis guide rail and Z-axis guide rail, so that the machine tool spindle can perform linear displacement along the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction and Z-axis direction.

[0155] In a specific embodiment, as Figure 6 shown, the bed 1 includes a main body 11 and a support column 12 fixedly arranged on the main body 11. Two Y-axis guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane are respectively arranged on the main body 11 and the support column 12.

[0156] In this embodiment, two Y-axis guide rails are provided on both the main body 11 and the support column 12;

[0157] Specifically, a third Y-axis guide rail 83 and a fourth Y-axis guide rail 84 are provided on the main body 11, and a first Y-axis guide rail 81 and a second Y-axis guide rail 82 are provided on the support column 12;

[0158] The four Y-axis guide rails (the first Y-axis guide rail 81, the second Y-axis guide rail 82, the third Y-axis guide rail 83 and the fourth Y-axis guide rail 84) form four pairs of Y-axis guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane. As Figure 10 and Figure 12 shown, four Y-axis sub-spaces are formed (the first Y-axis guide rail 81 and the third Y-axis guide rail 83 form the first Y-axis sub-space Y11, the second Y-axis guide rail 82 and the fourth Y-axis guide rail 84 form the second Y-axis sub-space Y12, the second Y-axis guide rail 82 and the third Y-axis guide rail 83 form the third Y-axis sub-space Y13, the first Y-axis guide rail 81 and the fourth Y-axis guide rail 84 form the fourth Y-axis sub-space Y14). The union of the four Y-axis sub-spaces is the Y-axis inner constraint space Y1;

[0159] As Figure 14As shown, the space enclosed by the four constraint surfaces formed by the four Y-direction guide rails is the guide rail constraint space in the Y-axis direction.

[0160] By arranging part of the Y-direction guide rails on the support columns 12, stable and reliable support is provided for the Y-direction guide rails, vibration and deformation are suppressed, which is beneficial to ensuring the dynamic stiffness of the Y-direction guide rails.

[0161] In a specific embodiment, as Figures 2 to 5 shown, it further includes a cross beam 3, as Figure 7 shown, the cross beam 3 includes a first main body 31 and a second main body 32 fixed on the first main body 31;

[0162] The first main body 31 is arranged on the third Y-direction guide rail 83 and the fourth Y-direction guide rail 84 provided on the main body 11;

[0163] The second main body 32 is arranged on the first Y-direction guide rail 81 and the second Y-direction guide rail 82 provided on the support column 12;

[0164] Two X-direction guide rails not in the same coordinate plane are respectively arranged on the first main body 31 and the second main body 32;

[0165] In this embodiment, there are two X-direction guide rails (the first X-direction guide rail 71 and the second X-direction guide rail 72) on the cross beam 3. The second X-direction guide rail 72 is provided on the first main body 31, and the first X-direction guide rail 71 is provided on the second main body 32. The first X-direction guide rail 71 and the second X-direction guide rail 72 form an X-direction sub-space, as Figure 9 shown, this X-direction sub-space is equivalent to the X-direction inner constraint space X1.

[0166] In a specific embodiment, as Figures 2 to 5 shown, it further includes a saddle 4 and a ram 5. The ram 5 is arranged on the saddle 4 through a Z-direction guide rail, and the machine tool spindle is arranged on the ram 5;

[0167] The saddle 4 is arranged on the X-direction guide rail provided on the cross beam 3;

[0168] In this embodiment, as Figure 8 shown, the saddle 4 includes a frame body 41, a first extension part 42 and a second extension part 43;

[0169] The ram 5 is arranged in the frame body 41 through three Z-direction guide rails (the first Z-direction guide rail 91, the second Z-direction guide rail 92 and the third Z-direction guide rail 93);

[0170] The first extension part 42 extends from the frame body 41 along the Z-axis direction, and the first extension part 42 is arranged on the second X-direction guide rail 72 provided on the first main body 31;

[0171] The second extension part 43 extends from the frame body 41 along the X-axis direction, and the second extension part 43 is arranged on a first X-direction guide rail 71 provided on the second main body 32;

[0172] By providing the first extension part 42 and the second extension part 43, the saddle 4 ensures that there is enough space left below the frame body 41, which is convenient for the layout of other components of the machine tool;

[0173] The first Z-direction guide rail 91, the second Z-direction guide rail 92 and the third Z-direction guide rail 93 form two pairs of Z-direction guide rails not in the same coordinate plane. As Figure 13 shown, two Z-direction sub-spaces (the first Z-direction sub-space Z11 and the second Z-direction sub-space Z12) are formed, and the union of the two Z-direction sub-spaces is the Z-direction internal constraint space Z1;

[0174] As Figure 15 shown, the space enclosed by the three constraint surfaces formed by the three Z-direction guide rails 9 is the guide rail constraint space in the Z-axis direction.

[0175] In a specific embodiment, as Figure 7 shown, the cross beam 3 further includes a side wall 33 connecting the first main body 31 and the second main body 32;

[0176] The first main body 31, the second main body 32 and the side wall 33 form a space for accommodating the turntable 6 and the support column 12. This kind of layout can not only make full use of the relatively high static stiffness of the side wall 33 to provide stable support for the X-direction guide rail, but also improve the space utilization rate and reduce the overall occupied space of the machine tool.

[0177] Embodiment 3:

[0178] This embodiment provides a machine tool with an internal constraint structure. The main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 2. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is as follows:

[0179] In this embodiment, the angle head is a swing angle milling head 2. A first motion plane A1 is formed between two guide rails not in the same coordinate plane in the same axial direction. As Figure 16 shown, the swing angle milling head 2 is arranged on the ram 5. During the machining process, the swing axis of the swing angle milling head 2 has an intersection point with the first motion plane A1 in at least one axial direction, and the tip point of the swing angle milling head 2 coincides with the intersection point.

[0180] In this embodiment, the tip point of the swing angle milling head 2 and the tip point of the machine tool spindle in Embodiment 1 are the same concept.

[0181] After the tip point of the swing angle milling head 2 coincides with the first motion plane A1, the first motion plane A1 supports the tip point, and the tip point does not form a cantilever structure relative to the first motion plane A1, reducing the influence of the cutting force on the displacement of the tip point relative to the swing axis, so as to ensure the stability of the accuracy of the tip point during the machining process.

[0182] Preferably, the swing angle milling head 2 can be a single swing angle milling head. During the machining process, the swing axis of the swing angle milling head 2 is located in the first motion plane A1 in at least one axial direction.

[0183] Preferably, the swing angle milling head 2 can be a double swing angle milling head. During the machining process, the swing axis of the swing angle milling head 2 is located in the first motion plane A1 in at least one axial direction.

[0184] Preferably, the swing angle milling head 2 can be a non-orthogonal swing angle milling head, and the tip point of the non-orthogonal swing angle milling head is located on the swing axis of the non-orthogonal swing angle milling head.

[0185] Example 4:

[0186] This embodiment provides a machine tool with an internal constraint structure. The main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 2. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is as follows:

[0187] In this embodiment, the turntable 6 is a two-axis turntable. The turntable 6 can fix the workpiece, and the envelope surface of the part to be machined of the workpiece is within the motion space, ensuring that the part to be machined of the workpiece can be within the motion space during the machining process. The turntable 6 can be a cradle turntable or a vertical and horizontal 90° indexing table, or other forms of two-axis turntables.

[0188] Example 5:

[0189] A machine tool with an internal constraint structure, combined with Figures 17 - 23 as shown, includes: a machine tool spindle, a turntable 6 and a bed 1, and further includes:

[0190] XY coordinate plane, YZ coordinate plane and ZX coordinate plane;

[0191] The XY coordinate plane is a plane perpendicular to the Z-axis direction;

[0192] The YZ coordinate plane is a plane perpendicular to the X-axis direction;

[0193] The ZX coordinate plane is a plane perpendicular to the Y-axis direction;

[0194] At least two guide rails are provided in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction and Z-axis direction, and at least one pair of guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane exist in the same axial direction;

[0195] Two XY coordinate planes and two ZX coordinate planes where each pair of X-direction guide rails not in the same coordinate plane are located form an X-direction sub-space, and the union of the X-direction sub-spaces forms an X-direction internal constraint space X1;

[0196] Two XY coordinate planes and two YZ coordinate planes where each pair of Y-direction guide rails not in the same coordinate plane are located form a Y-direction sub-space, and the union of the Y-direction sub-spaces forms a Y-direction internal constraint space Y1;

[0197] Two ZX coordinate planes and two YZ coordinate planes where each pair of Z-direction guide rails not in the same coordinate plane are located form a Z-direction sub-space, and the union of the Z-direction sub-spaces forms a Z-direction internal constraint space Z1;

[0198] The region where at least two of the X-direction internal constraint space X1, Y-direction internal constraint space Y1, and Z-direction internal constraint space Z1 overlap is the motion space N, and the motion space N is the motion region of the tip point of the machine tool spindle during the machining process;

[0199] The turntable 6 is arranged on the bed body 1 through the X-direction guide rail and / or Y-direction guide rail, and the workpiece on the turntable 6 is made to coincide with the motion space N through the linear displacement of the turntable 6.

[0200] In this application, at least one pair of guide rails not in the same coordinate plane are provided in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction respectively, so that at least two of the X-direction internal constraint space, Y-direction internal constraint space, and Z-direction internal constraint space formed by the guide rails in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction can intersect to form a closed motion space N, thereby realizing the optimization of the guide rail structure layout. The motion of the machine tool components is internally constrained by the guide rails, so that the tip point is always located within the closed motion space N during the machining process, realizing the effective constraint of the tip point in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction, greatly reducing the influence of the cutting force on the tip point, and thus reducing the micro-displacement of the tip point; effectively avoiding the influence of the overturning moment on the machine tool spindle during operation, suppressing vibration and deformation, and ensuring the machining accuracy of the machine tool.

[0201] Preferably, it further includes a swing angle milling head 2, and the swing angle milling head 2 is a single pendulum swing angle milling head. During the machining process, the swing axis of the swing angle milling head 2 is located in the first motion plane A1 in at least one axial direction, so that the first motion plane A1 plays a supporting role for the swing axis, reducing the influence of the cutting force on the swing axis and the tip point, and thus being able to maintain the stability of the accuracy during the machining process.

[0202] Preferably, the swing angle milling head 2 is a double pendulum swing angle milling head. During the machining process, the swing axis of the swing angle milling head 2 is located in the first motion plane A1 in at least one axial direction.

[0203] Preferably, the swing angle milling head 2 is a non-orthogonal swing angle milling head, and the tip point of the non-orthogonal swing angle milling head is on the swing axis of the non-orthogonal swing angle milling head. Specifically, the non-orthogonal angle head is a 45° angle head.

[0204] Preferably, the swing angle milling head 2 is arranged on the machine tool bed 1 through Y-direction guide rails and Z-direction guide rails, and the turntable 6 is arranged on the machine tool bed 1 through X-direction guide rails; the Y-direction guide rails include at least three guide rails, and a second movement plane A2 is formed between two Y-direction guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane, and a third movement plane A3 is formed between one of the two Y-direction guide rails and any other Y-direction guide rail; the second movement plane A2 and the third movement plane A3 respectively pass through the mounting end 21 and the tool clamping end 22 of the swing angle milling head 2 / the tool clamping end 22 and the mounting end 21 of the swing angle milling head 2. The second movement plane A2 and the third movement plane A3 play a supporting role in the mounting end 21 and the tool clamping end 22 of the swing angle milling head 2, improve the dynamic stiffness of the swing angle milling head 2, realize better support for the mounting end 21 and the tool clamping end 22 of the swing angle milling head 2 during the machining process, reduce the influence of the cutting force on the mounting end 21 and the tool clamping end 22, and thus can maintain the stability of the accuracy during the machining process.

[0205] The second movement plane A2 and the third movement plane A3 belong to the movement planes.

[0206] Preferably, there is an angle between the mounting surface 23 of the swing angle milling head 2 and the XY coordinate plane, so that the distance from the tip point to the mounting surface 23 can be reduced, the cantilever length of the tip point relative to the mounting surface 23 can be decreased, and thus the stiffness of the angle head can be improved.

[0207] Preferably, the machine tool bed 1 is fixedly provided with side walls 34, and two X-direction guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane are respectively located on the machine tool bed 1 and the side walls 34. Arranging part of the X-direction guide rails on the side walls 34 can provide stable and reliable support for the guide rails, suppress vibration and deformation, and is beneficial to ensuring the dynamic stiffness of the X-direction guide rails.

[0208] Preferably, at least three guide rails are arranged in the X-axis direction, and a fourth movement plane A4 is formed between two X-direction guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane, and the fourth movement plane A4 passes through the workpiece on the turntable 6. The fourth movement plane A4 plays a supporting role in the workpiece, reduces the influence of the cutting force on the position of the workpiece, and thus can maintain the stability of the accuracy during the machining process. The fourth movement plane A4 belongs to the movement planes.

[0209] Preferably, the machine tool bed 1 is fixedly provided with support columns 12. The X-axis guide rail is located between the support columns 12 and the side wall 34. At the top of the support columns 12 and the side wall 34, there is a cross beam 3. Two Y-axis guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane are respectively located on the machine tool bed 1 and the cross beam 3. This layout can make full use of the high static stiffness of the side wall 34, the support columns 12 and the cross beam 3 to provide stable support for the Y-axis guide rail. At the same time, it can enable the turntable 6 to pass under the cross beam 3 along the X-axis direction and enter the movement space N, which is beneficial to the loading and unloading of the machine tool.

[0210] In a specific embodiment, in combination with Figure 22 As shown, the X-axis guide rail includes a first X-axis guide rail 71, a second X-axis guide rail 72 and a third X-axis guide rail 73. The first X-axis guide rail 71 and the second X-axis guide rail 72 are arranged on the side wall of the side wall 34, and the third X-axis guide rail 73 is arranged on the machine tool bed 1. The first X-axis guide rail 71 and the second X-axis guide rail 72 are in the same coordinate plane, the second X-axis guide rail 72 and the third X-axis guide rail 73 are in the same coordinate plane, the first X-axis guide rail 71 and the third X-axis guide rail 73 are not in the same coordinate plane. The first X-axis guide rail 71, the second X-axis guide rail 72 and the third X-axis guide rail 73 constitute an X-axis sub-space, and the X-axis sub-space is the X-axis internal constraint space X1.

[0211] Preferably, it further includes a saddle 4 and a ram 5. The saddle 4 is arranged on the cross beam 3 through a Y-axis guide rail, the ram 5 is arranged on the saddle 4 through a Z-axis guide rail, and the swing angle milling head 2 is arranged on the ram 5.

[0212] Preferably, among the two Y-axis guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane, the Y-axis guide rail located on the machine tool bed 1 is arranged below the Y-axis guide rail located on the cross beam 3; two Z-axis guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane are respectively located on one side of the ram 5 facing the cross beam 3 and on the side away from the cross beam 3, and the bottom end of the Z-axis guide rail located on the side of the ram 5 away from the cross beam 3 is arranged below the bottom end of the Z-axis guide rail located on the side of the ram 5 facing the cross beam 3; the mounting surface 23 of the swing angle milling head 2 is arranged on the ram 5, and there is an angle between the mounting surface 23 of the swing angle milling head 2 and the XY coordinate plane, and the angle is greater than 0° and less than 90°. Along the Z-axis direction, the distance between the mounting surface 23 and the Y-axis guide rail located on the cross beam 3 gradually increases. This layout can not only enable the second movement plane A2 to support the mounting surface 23 and the tool tip point of the swing angle milling head 2, but also ensure that the tool tip point can reach a lower position and ensure the machining stroke of the tool tip point in the Z-axis direction.

[0213] In a specific embodiment, in combination with Figure 21As shown in the figure, the Y-direction guide rails include a first Y-direction guide rail 81, a second Y-direction guide rail 82, and a third Y-direction guide rail 83. The first Y-direction guide rail 81 and the second Y-direction guide rail 82 are arranged on the side wall of the cross beam 3, and the third Y-direction guide rail 83 is arranged on the machine bed 1. The first Y-direction guide rail 81 and the second Y-direction guide rail 82 are located in the same coordinate plane, and the third Y-direction guide rail 83 is not in the same coordinate plane as the first Y-direction guide rail 81 and the second Y-direction guide rail 82. The first Y-direction guide rail 81, the second Y-direction guide rail 82, and the third Y-direction guide rail 83 form two pairs of Y-direction guide rails not in the same coordinate plane, thus constituting two Y-direction sub-spaces - a first Y-direction sub-space Y11 and a second Y-direction sub-space Y12. The union of the two Y-direction sub-spaces is the Y-direction inner constraint space Y1. The space enclosed by the three constraint surfaces formed by the three Y-direction guide rails is the guide rail constraint space in the Y-axis direction.

[0214] Preferably, the saddle 4 includes: a first support plate 44, a second support plate 45, a third support plate 46, and a top plate 47. The first support plate 44 is arranged on the cross beam 3 through the Y-direction guide rail. The second support plate 45 is located on the side of the first support plate 44 away from the cross beam 3. The third support plate 46 connects the first support plate 44 and the second support plate 45. The top plate 47 is arranged at the tops of the first support plate 44, the second support plate 45, and the third support plate 46. The ram 5 is arranged between the first support plate 44 and the second support plate 45. The first support plate 44, the second support plate 45, the third support plate 46, the top plate 47, and the machine bed 1 block the ram 5 in five directions, which is beneficial to improving the dynamic stiffness of the ram 5.

[0215] In a specific embodiment, in combination with Figure 23 As shown in the figure, the Z-direction guide rails include a first Z-direction guide rail 91, a second Z-direction guide rail 92, and a third Z-direction guide rail 93, and all three are arranged on the saddle 4. The first Z-direction guide rail 91 is arranged on the first support plate 44, the second Z-direction guide rail 92 is arranged on the second support plate 45, and the third Z-direction guide rail 93 is arranged on the third support plate 46. Any two of the first Z-direction guide rail 91, the second Z-direction guide rail 92, and the third Z-direction guide rail 93 are not in the same coordinate plane. The first Z-direction guide rail 91, the second Z-direction guide rail 92, and the third Z-direction guide rail 93 form three pairs of Z-direction guide rails not in the same coordinate plane, thus constituting three Z-direction sub-spaces - a first Z-direction sub-space Z11, a second Z-direction sub-space Z12, and a third Z-direction sub-space Z13. The union of the three Z-direction sub-spaces is the Z-direction inner constraint space Z1. The space enclosed by the three constraint surfaces formed by the three Z-direction guide rails is the guide rail constraint space in the Z-axis direction.

[0216] In a specific embodiment, the third support plate 46 is located on the side of the first support plate 44 and the second support plate 45 facing the side wall 34, that is, the third support plate 46 is located on the side of the ram 5. The swing angle milling head 2 can turn to the side of the ram 5 away from the third support plate 46, and then through the movement of the saddle 4 and cooperation with the tool magazine provided on the bed 1, tool change can be achieved.

[0217] Embodiment 6:

[0218] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 5 lies in the positional relationship between the tip point of the machine tool spindle and the first motion plane A1 during the machining process.

[0219] Preferably, as shown in Figure 17 、 Figure 18 and Figure 22 , a first motion plane A1 is formed between a pair of guide rails on the same axis that are not in the same coordinate plane. During the machining process, the tip point of the machine tool spindle can coincide with the first motion plane A1 in at least one axis. After the tip point coincides with the first motion plane A1, the first motion plane A1 plays a supporting role for the tip point, and the tip point will not form a cantilever structure relative to the first motion plane A1, so as to ensure the stability of the accuracy of the tip point during the machining of the plane.

[0220] In this embodiment, the tip point of the swing angle milling head 2 is the tip point of the machine tool spindle. During the machining process, the swing axis of the swing angle milling head 2 has an intersection with the first motion plane A1 in at least one axis, and the tip point of the swing angle milling head 2 coincides with the intersection. After the tip point of the swing angle milling head coincides with the intersection, the first motion plane A1 plays a supporting role for the tip point, and the tip point will not form a cantilever structure relative to the first motion plane A1, reducing the influence of the cutting force on the displacement of the tip point relative to the swing axis, so as to ensure the stability of the accuracy of the tip point during the machining process.

[0221] Embodiment 7:

[0222] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 5 is that the workpiece spindle 10 is used to replace the turntable, as shown in Figure 24 .

[0223] Preferably, the machine tool is a turning-milling composite machine tool, and the turning-milling composite machine tool includes a workpiece spindle 10. The workpiece spindle 10 can fix the workpiece. During the machining process, the envelope of the part to be machined of the workpiece is within the motion space.

[0224] Embodiment 8:

[0225] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that the workpiece spindle 10 is used to replace the turntable.

[0226] Preferably, the machine tool is a turning-milling compound machine tool, which includes a workpiece spindle 10 that can fix the workpiece. During the machining process, the envelope of the machined part of the workpiece is within the motion space.

[0227] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A machine tool with an internal constraint structure, comprising: Machine tool spindle, characterized in that it further comprises: XY coordinate plane, YZ coordinate plane and ZX coordinate plane; The XY coordinate plane is a plane perpendicular to the Z-axis direction; The YZ coordinate plane is a plane perpendicular to the X-axis direction; The ZX coordinate plane is a plane perpendicular to the Y-axis direction; At least two guide rails are arranged in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction and Z-axis direction, and at least one pair of guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane exist in the same axial direction; Two XY coordinate planes and two ZX coordinate planes where two X-direction guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane are located form an X-direction sub-space, and the union of the X-direction sub-spaces forms an X-direction internal constraint space; Two XY coordinate planes and two YZ coordinate planes where two Y-direction guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane are located form a Y-direction sub-space, and the union of the Y-direction sub-spaces forms a Y-direction internal constraint space; Two ZX coordinate planes and two YZ coordinate planes where two Z-direction guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane are located form a Z-direction sub-space, and the union of the Z-direction sub-spaces forms a Z-direction internal constraint space; The overlapping region of at least two of the X-direction internal constraint space, Y-direction internal constraint space and Z-direction internal constraint space is the motion space, and the motion space is the motion region of the tip point of the machine tool spindle during the machining process.

2. The machine tool with an internal constraint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motion space is the overlapping region of the X-direction internal constraint space, Y-direction internal constraint space and Z-direction internal constraint space.

3. The machine tool with an internal constraint structure according to claim 1, wherein, A first motion plane is formed between a pair of guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane in the same axial direction. During the machining process, the tip point of the machine tool spindle can coincide with the first motion plane in at least one axial direction.

4. A machine tool with an internal constraint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least three guide rails are arranged in at least one of the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction and Z-axis direction.

5. The machine tool with an internal constraint structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The prismatic space formed with the guide rails as the edges in the direction where at least three guide rails are arranged is the guide rail constraint space, and the guide rail constraint space replaces the internal constraint space in the corresponding axial direction to form the motion space.

6. The machine tool with an internal constraint structure according to claim 1, wherein It further comprises an angle head. A first motion plane is formed between two guide rails that are not in the same coordinate plane in the same axial direction. During the machining process, the swing axis of the angle head has an intersection with the first motion plane in at least one axial direction, and the tip point of the angle head coincides with the intersection.

7. The machine tool with an internal constraint structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The angle head is a single pendulum angle head. During the machining process, the swing axis of the angle head is located in the first motion plane in at least one axial direction.

8. The machine tool with an internal constraint structure according to claim 6, wherein, The angle head is a double pendulum angle head. During the machining process, the swing axis of the angle head is located in the first motion plane in at least one axial direction.

9. The machine tool with an internal constraint structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The angle head is a non-orthogonal angle head, and the tip point of the non-orthogonal angle head is on the swing axis of the non-orthogonal angle head.

10. The machine tool with an internal constraint structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, There is an included angle between the mounting surface of the angle head and the XY coordinate plane.

11. A machine tool with an internal constraint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further comprises a turntable. The turntable can fix the workpiece. During the machining process, the rotation center of the workpiece is within the motion space.

12. A machine tool with an internal constraint structure according to claim 11, characterized in that, The turntable is a two-axis turntable. The two-axis turntable can fix the workpiece. During the machining process, the envelope surface of the part to be machined of the workpiece is within the motion space.

13. The machine tool with an internal constraint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The machine tool is a turning and milling compound machine tool, which includes a workpiece spindle that can fix the workpiece. During the machining process, the envelope of the part to be machined of the workpiece is within the motion space.

14. The machine tool with an internal constraint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The machine tool is a milling machine, which includes a rotary table and a swivel head. The rotary table can fix the workpiece. During the machining process, the tip point of the swivel head is within the envelope of the part to be machined of the workpiece and is within the motion space.

Images