Laminated glass, head-up display system, and vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a laminated glass, a head-up display system and a vehicle, the laminated glass has a light-adjusting area, and the laminated glass comprises a first glass sheet, a light-adjusting layer and a second glass sheet, the first glass sheet has a first surface and a second surface, the second glass sheet has a third surface and a fourth surface, the light-adjusting layer is arranged between the second surface and the third surface, and the light-adjusting layer is arranged in the light-adjusting area; when the light-adjusting layer is in a power-off state, the laminated glass is in a transparent state, and when the light-adjusting layer is in a power-on state, the laminated glass is in a fog state. The laminated glass, the head-up display system and the vehicle provided by the application can realize the transparent state of the laminated glass when not powered on and the fog state of the laminated glass when powered on by adding a light-adjusting film in the inner and outer glass sheets. In this way, the driving field of view can not be affected, and the projection demand of the driver and other users can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of glass technology, specifically relating to laminated glass, head-up display systems, and vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Vehicles can provide various information to drivers and passengers, such as vehicle information, road information, social media information, and even entertainment information. This information is typically displayed using a head-up display (HUD) within a shaded area of ​​the windshield. To improve display quality, the shaded area is usually enlarged, but this can reduce the driver's field of vision. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the first aspect of this application provides a laminated glass having a dimming area. The laminated glass includes a first glass plate, a dimming layer, and a second glass plate. The first glass plate has a first surface and a second surface, and the second glass plate has a third surface and a fourth surface. The dimming layer is disposed between the second surface and the third surface and within the dimming area. When the dimming layer is in a de-energized state, the laminated glass is in a transparent state, and when the dimming layer is in an energized state, the laminated glass is in a fogged state.

[0004] The laminated glass has a visible light transmittance TL, where TL is ≥70% when the dimming layer is in a power-off state and TL is <70% when the dimming layer is in a power-on state.

[0005] The laminated glass has a haze H, where H ≤ 10% when the dimming layer is in a power-off state and H ≥ 90% when the dimming layer is in a power-on state.

[0006] The laminated glass has a total solar transmittance (TTS), which is 50%-65% when the dimming layer is in a power-off state.

[0007] The laminated glass has an infrared transmittance (TIR) ​​of 20%-35% when the dimming layer is in a power-off state.

[0008] The laminated glass has a visible light reflectance RL, which is 3%-15% when the dimming layer is in a power-off state.

[0009] The laminated glass has a region B, and at least a portion of the dimming zone is located below the region B. The dimming zone includes at least one sub-dimming zone. When the dimming zone includes multiple sub-dimming zones, each sub-dimming zone can be independently controlled, such that when the dimming layer in each sub-dimming zone is in a power-off state, the corresponding sub-dimming zone is in a transparent state, and when the dimming layer in each sub-dimming zone is in a power-on state, the corresponding sub-dimming zone is in a foggy state.

[0010] The laminated glass has an area A located within the area B. The dimming area includes a first sub-dimming area and a second sub-dimming area, which are arranged adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction. At least a portion of the first sub-dimming area is located below the area A.

[0011] The second sub-dimming area is located closer to the top of the laminated glass than the first sub-dimming area.

[0012] The dimming area includes a first sub-dimming area and a second sub-dimming area, which are arranged sequentially from the bottom to the top of the laminated glass.

[0013] The laminated glass has a light-transmitting area and a shielding area located at the outer periphery of the light-transmitting area. The dimming area is partially located in the light-transmitting area and the remaining portion is located in the shielding area. At least a portion of the edge of the dimming area is located in the shielding area.

[0014] The laminated glass further includes a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer. The first adhesive layer connects the second surface to the light-switching layer, and the second adhesive layer connects the light-switching layer to the third surface.

[0015] The thickness of the first adhesive layer is greater than the thickness of the second adhesive layer.

[0016] The laminated glass further includes a third adhesive layer, which connects the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer, and is disposed in the same layer as the dimming layer, and is located outside the dimming area.

[0017] A second aspect of this application provides a head-up display system, the head-up display system including a projection device and a laminated glass as provided in the first aspect of this application, the projection device being used to project projection light forming an image onto a dimming area of ​​the laminated glass.

[0018] A third aspect of this application provides a vehicle including a body and a head-up display system as provided in the second aspect of this application, the head-up display system being disposed on the body.

[0019] The laminated glass, head-up display system, and vehicle provided in this application have a dimming layer disposed between a first glass panel and a second glass panel. The dimming layer allows adjustment of the dimming area within the laminated glass. In related technologies, the laminated glass is fogged when the dimming layer is de-energized and transparent when the dimming layer is energized. This means that when the driver is using the vehicle, if the dimming layer is de-energized, the dimming area of ​​the laminated glass remains fogged, which can reduce the driver's field of vision and pose a safety hazard. However, making it transparent requires power, which wastes energy and reduces the vehicle's range.

[0020] Based on this, this application allows the laminated glass to be transparent when the dimming layer is de-energized and fogged when the dimming layer is energized. Thus, when the dimming layer is normally de-energized, the laminated glass is transparent and has the same characteristics as traditional glass, without affecting the driver's visibility and meeting driving requirements. When the driver or other users require projection, the dimming layer can be energized again to switch the laminated glass to a fogged state, meeting the projection display needs.

[0021] In summary, the laminated glass provided in this application can both maintain the driver's field of vision and meet the projection needs of drivers and other users. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laminated glass in one embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the laminated glass when the dimming layer is in a power-off state according to one embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the laminated glass when the dimming layer is energized, according to one embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the laminated glass when the dimming layer is energized, according to another embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the laminated glass when the dimming layer is energized, according to another embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the laminated glass when the dimming layer is energized in another embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laminated glass in another embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laminated glass in another embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a head-up display system according to one embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to one embodiment of this application.

[0033] Label Explanation:

[0034] Laminated glass-1, dimming area-1a, sub-dimming area-10a, first sub-dimming area-11a, second sub-dimming area-12a, driver's area-1b, passenger's area-1c, light-transmitting area-1d, shielding area-1e, area A-1A, area B-1B, head-up display system-2, vehicle-3, first glass panel-10, first surface-101, second surface-102, dimming layer-20, second glass panel-30, third surface-301, fourth surface-302, first adhesive layer-40, second adhesive layer-50, third adhesive layer-60, projection device-70, vehicle body-80. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The following are preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] Before introducing the technical solution of this application, let's go over the technical issues in related technologies in detail.

[0037] When the driver or front passenger is in a vehicle, the vehicle can provide various information, such as vehicle information, road information, social media information, and even entertainment information. This is typically achieved through a combination of the instrument panel, central control screen, and passenger-side display. However, this requires the driver to look down, briefly taking their eyes off the road, thus creating a driving safety hazard. Currently, head-up displays (HUDs) using projection rear-projection technology can display image information on the windshield. For example, panoramic head-up displays do not project image information onto the transparent area of ​​the windshield, but this results in lower contrast and reduced display quality.

[0038] Some projectors use printed ink or dark-colored dimming polyurethane film as the display substrate, which improves the contrast and display effect. To increase the amount of content displayed and the size of the screen, the area of ​​the black printed coating or dark polyurethane film is increased, thus enlarging the entire black projection beam area. The projector reflects important driver information to a special black printed coating area at the lower edge of the windshield with extremely high brightness, resulting in a clear image spanning the entire windshield, offering advantages such as high definition, high contrast, and excellent visibility. Furthermore, head-up displays are installed at the lower edge of the windshield, providing a completely new driving experience by displaying the information directly in the driver's field of vision. Innovative, cockpit-wide display methods can even be achieved by using multiple small, cost-effective displays.

[0039] As can be seen from the above, users want to maximize the coverage area of ​​the bottom black projection area or dimming film. However, due to regulations requiring a visible light transmittance of over 70% for the windshield's visible area, the coverage area of ​​the bottom black projection area or dimming film cannot be maximized, thus affecting the viewing experience of the projection display. Furthermore, when the area of ​​the ink and dimming film increases to the maximum allowed by regulations, the existing ink's opacity and the existing dimming film's high haze when not powered and low haze when powered can cause the ink or dimming film to narrow the driver's field of vision during normal vehicle use, creating a safety hazard. However, making it transparent requires power, wasting energy and reducing the vehicle's range.

[0040] In view of this, in order to solve the above problems, this application provides a laminated glass, which please refer to. Figures 1-3 , Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laminated glass in one embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the laminated glass when the dimming layer is in a power-off state according to one embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the laminated glass when the dimming layer is energized according to an embodiment of this application. The laminated glass 1 provided in this embodiment has a dimming area 1a. The laminated glass 1 includes a first glass plate 10, a dimming layer 20, and a second glass plate 30. The first glass plate 10 has a first surface 101 and a second surface 102. The second glass plate 30 has a third surface 301 and a fourth surface 302. The dimming layer 20 is disposed between the second surface 102 and the third surface 301. The dimming layer 20 is disposed within the dimming area 1a. When the dimming layer 20 is de-energized, the laminated glass 1 is transparent. When the dimming layer 20 is energized, the laminated glass 1 is foggy.

[0041] Laminated glass 1 is a multi-layer composite glass assembly composed of multiple glass sheets and other components, which enhances the performance of laminated glass 1 beyond that of ordinary glass sheets by providing many additional properties. Laminated glass 1 can be applied in vehicles 3, buildings, electronic devices, and other fields. This embodiment and the following description only illustrate the application of laminated glass 1 in vehicles 3.

[0042] The laminated glass 1 consists of two glass plates and a light-adjusting layer 20 sandwiched between them. When applied to a vehicle 3, the first glass plate 10 serves as the outer glass plate of the laminated glass 1, supporting the main windshield and providing visibility and aesthetics. The second glass plate 30 serves as the inner glass plate of the laminated glass 1, supporting the main windshield and providing connection to interior components. In other words, the second glass plate 30 is closer to the driver than the first glass plate 10. The first glass plate 10 has a first surface 101 and a second surface 102 facing away from each other; the first surface 101 is in contact with the external environment. The second glass plate 30 has a third surface 301 and a fourth surface 302 facing away from each other; the fourth surface 302 is in contact with the interior environment. Therefore, the arrangement of these surfaces from the outside to the inside of the vehicle is: first surface 101, second surface 102, third surface 301, and fourth surface 302.

[0043] Optionally, the first glass plate 10 is transparent glass or tinted glass, the thickness of the first glass plate 10 is 0.7mm-4mm, and the visible light transmittance of the first glass plate 10 is greater than or equal to 80%. The second glass plate 30 is transparent glass or tinted glass, the thickness of the second glass plate 30 is 0.7mm-4mm, and the visible light transmittance of the second glass plate 30 is greater than or equal to 80%. The total iron content (calculated as Fe2O3) of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.1%, even less than or equal to 0.05%, and further less than or equal to 0.01%, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is 80%-95%; the total iron content (calculated as Fe2O3) of the tinted glass is 0.1% to 0.8%, preferably 0.1% to 0.5%, and the visible light transmittance of the tinted glass is 80%-90%. For example, the first glass plate 10 can be a 2.1 mm thick transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 89%, and the second glass plate 30 can be a 1.6 mm thick green glass with a visible light transmittance of 83%, or a 2.1 mm thick green glass with a visible light transmittance of 80%.

[0044] The dimming layer 20 is a film with dimming function. The dimming layer 20 can be a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film (PDLC), a suspended particle film (SPD), an electrochromic film (EC), a dye liquid crystal film (LC), etc. In this embodiment and below, only PDLC is used as the dimming layer 20 for illustrative purposes. The dimming layer 20 can be sandwiched between the first glass plate 10 and the second glass plate 30. Specifically, the dimming layer 20 can be disposed between the second surface 102 and the third surface 301. For example, the dimming layer 20 can be disposed on the second surface 102, or the dimming layer 20 can be disposed on the third surface 301, or the dimming layer 20 can be disposed on both the second surface 102 and the third surface 301, or the dimming layer 20 can be separated from both the second surface 102 and the third surface 301.

[0045] Because the dimming layer 20 has the function of adjusting light, the laminated glass 1 has a dimming area 1a that can dim light, and the dimming layer 20 is disposed within the dimming area 1a. In other words, the area where the dimming layer 20 is located is the dimming area 1a. Subsequent projection devices such as projectors 70 can emit projection light towards the dimming layer 20 within the dimming area 1a and display various images within the dimming area 1a for users to view. For example, the dimming area 1a can display vehicle 3 driving information, various patterns, or play videos, and can be used in various scenarios such as welcoming guests, creating an atmosphere, watching movies, and office work. Optionally, it can be used to display driving parameters, including vehicle speed, engine speed, fuel consumption, tire pressure, warning information, mileage, etc., and can also be used to display weather temperature, entertainment information, and can be used for dynamic navigation, night vision, real-view maps, etc.

[0046] The two ends of the dimming layer 20 are typically connected to wires to apply voltage to them, thereby changing the arrangement of the materials inside the dimming layer 20, which in turn changes the path of light passing through the dimming layer 20, ultimately altering its state. For example, the dimming layer 20 typically has a transparent state and a fogged state. In the transparent state, light can pass through normally, and the dimming layer 20 behaves like a normal glass plate, without affecting light transmission. In the fogged state, the dimming layer 20 obstructs the propagation of light, making it difficult to see objects behind the dimming layer 20. When the dimming layer 20 is in a transparent or fogged state, the dimming area 1a of the laminated glass 1 also has a corresponding transparent or fogged state, and the entire laminated glass 1 has both a transparent and fogged state. It is worth noting that regardless of whether the dimming layer 20 is in a transparent or fogged state, the projection device 70 can still emit projection light towards the dimming area 1a and display an image. However, when the dimming layer 20 is in a fogged state, it blocks external light from entering the human eye, thereby improving the contrast of the displayed image and enhancing the display effect.

[0047] In related technologies, the dimming layer 20 can be a forward PDLC film. Its characteristic is that when no voltage is applied to the two ends of the dimming layer 20, resulting in a de-energized state, the laminated glass 1 is in a foggy state; when different voltages are applied to the two ends of the dimming layer 20, resulting in an energized state, the laminated glass 1 is in a transparent state. Thus, when the driver is using the vehicle 3, if the dimming layer 20 is in a de-energized state, the dimming area 1a of the laminated glass 1 will always be foggy, which will reduce the driver's field of vision and create a certain safety hazard. However, if it needs to be made transparent, it needs to be energized, which wastes electrical energy and reduces the vehicle 3's range.

[0048] Based on this, this embodiment allows the laminated glass 1 to be in a transparent state when the dimming layer 20 is in a de-energized state, and in a fogged state when the dimming layer 20 is in an energized state. For example... Figure 2 As shown, when the dimming layer 20 is not normally powered, the laminated glass 1 is in a transparent state and has the same characteristics as traditional glass. This does not affect the driver's visibility while meeting regulations, thus satisfying driving requirements and not interfering with driving. Figure 3 As shown, when users such as drivers have projection needs, the dimming layer 20 can be powered on to switch the laminated glass 1 to a fog state to meet the needs of projection display, such as providing the driving information needed by the driver, providing entertainment projection display for the front passenger while driving or leisure entertainment while parked, and even providing privacy protection through the fog state.

[0049] In summary, this embodiment incorporates a dimming film between the inner and outer glass plates to achieve a transparent state for the laminated glass 1 when no power is applied, and a fogged state when power is applied. This ensures that the driver's field of vision is not affected while still meeting the projection needs of the driver and other users. Optionally, the dimming layer 20 provided in this embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a reverse PDLC film. Therefore, the above can also be understood as this embodiment using a reverse PDLC film to replace the existing forward PDLC film.

[0050] In this embodiment, the laminated glass 1 has a visible light transmittance TL and a haze H. When the dimming layer 20 is in a power-off state, TL ≥ 70% and H ≤ 10%. When the dimming layer 20 is in a power-on state, TL < 70% and H ≥ 90%.

[0051] The laminated glass 1 possesses various properties, such as visible light transmittance TL and haze H. TL refers to the ability of visible light to pass through the laminated glass 1; a higher TL value indicates stronger light penetration and clearer vision. H refers to the percentage of transmitted light intensity deviating from the incident light by more than 2.5° to the total transmitted light intensity. Higher haze reduces the film's gloss and transparency, especially image quality. Due to the presence of the dimming layer 20, the visible light transmittance TL and haze H of the laminated glass 1 vary under different conditions. In this embodiment, when the dimming layer 20 is de-energized, TL ≥ 70% and H ≤ 10%, ensuring that the laminated glass 1 has high transmittance and low haze, resulting in better transparency and characteristics similar to normal glass, improving driving visibility and meeting driving requirements. When the user needs it, the dimming layer 20 can be energized, at which point TL < 70% and H ≥ 90%, ensuring that the laminated glass 1 has low transmittance and high haze to meet requirements such as projection display and privacy.

[0052] Optionally, when the dimming layer 20 is in a power-off state, TL ≥ 70% and H ≤ 6%. When the dimming layer 20 is in a power-on state, TL < 70% and H ≥ 96%. Further optionally, when the dimming layer 20 is in a power-off state, TL ≥ 70% and TL ≤ 80%, H ≥ 5% and H ≤ 6%; when the dimming layer 20 is in a power-on state, TL ≥ 60% and TL < 70%, H ≥ 96% and H ≤ 99%. Specific examples of TL when the dimming layer 20 is in a power-off state include 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, and 80%. Specific examples of H include 5%, 5.1%, 5.2%, 5.3%, 5.4%, 5.5%, 5.6%, 5.7%, 5.8%, 5.9%, and 6%. When the dimming layer 20 is powered on, specific values ​​for TL can be 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, and 69%. Specific values ​​for H can be 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, and 99%.

[0053] In this embodiment, the laminated glass 1 has a total solar transmittance (TTS), and when the dimming layer 20 is in a power-off state, the total solar transmittance (TTS) is 50%-65%.

[0054] In addition to the aforementioned properties, the laminated glass 1 includes Total Solar Transmittance (TTS). TTS is a key indicator for evaluating the thermal insulation performance of laminated glass 1, encompassing the sum of directly transmitted and indirectly converted heat energy, thus more comprehensively reflecting the thermal insulation effect of laminated glass 1. Laminated glass 1 with a lower TTS value generally has better thermal insulation performance because it can effectively reduce the portion of the heat energy in solar energy that passes through the glass, thereby lowering the indoor temperature and reducing energy consumption. In this embodiment, the total solar transmittance (TTS) of the dimming layer 20 can be set to 50%-65% when the power is off. This means that the addition of the dimming layer 20 not only changes the state of laminated glass 1 but also reduces the TTS, thereby improving the thermal insulation performance of laminated glass 1.

[0055] Optionally, when the dimming layer 20 is in a power-off state, the total solar transmittance (TTS) is 55%-60%. Specific examples of TTS include 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, and 60%.

[0056] In this embodiment, the laminated glass 1 has a direct solar transmittance TE, which is 40%-55%.

[0057] In addition to the aforementioned properties, the laminated glass 1 includes a direct solar transmittance (TE). TE refers to the ratio of the intensity of solar energy directly transmitted through the glass to the intensity of incident solar energy within the solar spectrum (300nm to 2500nm). A lower TE generally indicates that the laminated glass 1 has better thermal insulation performance. In this embodiment, the direct solar transmittance (TE) of the dimming layer 20 is 40%-55% when the power is off. This means that the addition of the dimming layer 20 not only changes the state of the laminated glass 1 but also reduces TE, thereby improving the thermal insulation performance of the laminated glass 1.

[0058] Optionally, the direct solar transmittance (TE) is 45%-50%. Specific examples of TE include 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, and 50%.

[0059] In this embodiment, the laminated glass 1 has an infrared transmittance (TIR) ​​of 20%-35% when the dimming layer 20 is in a power-off state.

[0060] In addition to the aforementioned properties, the laminated glass 1 includes infrared transmittance (TIR). TIR refers to the ability of infrared light to pass through a material under certain conditions, usually expressed as a percentage. TIR is an important physical parameter that determines the degree to which a material allows infrared light to pass through. A lower TIR generally indicates that the laminated glass 1 has better thermal insulation performance. In this embodiment, the infrared transmittance (TIR) ​​of the dimming layer 20 in the off-power state can be 20%-35%, so that the addition of the dimming layer 20 can not only change the state of the laminated glass 1, but also reduce the TIR, thereby improving the thermal insulation performance of the laminated glass 1.

[0061] Optionally, when the dimming layer 20 is in a power-off state, the infrared transmittance (TIR) ​​is 25%-30%. Specific examples of TIR include 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, and 30%.

[0062] In this embodiment, the laminated glass 1 has a visible light reflectance RL, and when the dimming layer 20 is in a power-off state, the visible light reflectance RL is 3%-15%.

[0063] In addition to the aforementioned properties, the laminated glass 1 includes visible light reflectance RL. RL refers to the percentage of light intensity reflected from the surface of an object relative to the incident light intensity within the visible spectrum (380 nm to 780 nm). This indicator is commonly used to evaluate a material's ability to reflect visible light and is one of the important parameters for measuring a material's optical performance. A lower RL means that light is more easily reflected at the total internal reflection angle. In this embodiment, the visible light reflectance RL of the dimming layer 20 is 3%-15% when the dimming layer 20 is in a power-off state. This allows the addition of the dimming layer 20 to not only change the state of the laminated glass 1 but also reduce RL, thereby improving the total internal reflection performance of the laminated glass 1 and thus enhancing the projection effect of the projection device 70.

[0064] Optionally, when the dimming layer 20 is in a power-off state, the visible light reflectance RL is 5%-10%. Specific examples of RL include 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, and 10%.

[0065] Please refer to this as well. Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the laminated glass when the dimming layer is energized, according to another embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the laminated glass 1 has a region B 1B, and at least a portion of the dimming region 1a is located below the region B 1B. The dimming region 1a includes at least one sub-dimming region 10a. When the dimming region 1a includes multiple sub-dimming regions 10a, each sub-dimming region 10a can be independently controlled, such that when the dimming layer 20 within each sub-dimming region 10a is de-energized, the corresponding sub-dimming region 10a is transparent, and when the dimming layer 20 within each sub-dimming region 10a is energized, the corresponding sub-dimming region 10a is fogged.

[0066] The laminated glass 1 typically has a B region 1B, which refers to the portion located in the middle of the windshield. This region primarily affects the field of view of the rearview mirror, ensuring a clear view. For the specific definition and extent of the B region 1B, refer to relevant standard documents such as GB9656 or ECE R43. In this embodiment, at least a portion of the dimming area 1a is located below the B region 1B, meaning at least a portion of the dimming area 1a is close to the bottom of the laminated glass 1. This makes it easier for the driver and other users to see the displayed image within the dimming area 1a. The dimming area 1a can be divided into at least one sub-dimming area 10a; that is, the dimming area 1a may have only one sub-dimming area 10a, or the dimming area 1a may include multiple sub-dimming areas 10a. Figure 3 As shown, when the dimming area 1a can have only one sub-dimming area 10a, the sub-dimming area 10a can span the bottom of the laminated glass 1 from left to right to form a through-panel panoramic display effect from A-pillar to A-pillar.

[0067] When the dimming area 1a includes multiple sub-dimming areas 10a, this embodiment allows each sub-dimming area 10a to be independently controlled. When the dimming layer 20 within each sub-dimming area 10a is in a de-energized state, the corresponding sub-dimming area 10a is in a transparent state, and when the dimming layer 20 within each sub-dimming area 10a is in a energized state, the corresponding sub-dimming area 10a is in a fogged state. In other words, each sub-dimming area 10a receives different control information, enabling each sub-dimming area 10a to be controlled independently, switching between transparent and fogged states without interference between them, thus allowing different sub-dimming areas 10a to perform different functions. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the dimming area 1a includes two sub-dimming areas 10a. In this embodiment, both sub-dimming areas 10a can be in a transparent state, or both sub-dimming areas 10a can be in a fogged state, or one sub-dimming area 10a can be in a transparent state and the other sub-dimming area 10a can be in a fogged state. The transparent sub-dimming area 10a can increase the field of view, while the fogged sub-dimming area 10a can project various images within its area.

[0068] Optionally, multiple sub-dimming zones 10a can be connected to each other or set apart. This illustration only shows multiple sub-dimming zones 10a set apart. Setting them apart makes the multiple sub-dimming zones 10a more distinct and easier to distinguish each sub-dimming zone 10a.

[0069] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the laminated glass when the dimming layer is energized, according to another embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the laminated glass 1 has a region A 1A located within the region B 1B. The dimming region 1a includes a first sub-dimming region 11a and a second sub-dimming region 12a, which are arranged adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction. At least a portion of the first sub-dimming region 11a is located below the region A 1A.

[0070] Within region B 1B of the laminated glass 1, there is also region A 1A, which can be referred to as the driver's viewing area or the main driver's area 1b. The area adjacent to region A 1A in the horizontal direction can be understood as the passenger's area 1c. For the specific definition and scope of region A 1A, please refer to relevant standard documents, such as GB9656 or ECE R43. When the dimming area 1a includes two sub-dimming areas 10a: a first sub-dimming area 11a and a second sub-dimming area 12a, the first sub-dimming area 11a and the second sub-dimming area 12a can be arranged adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction. In other words, the first sub-dimming area 11a and the second sub-dimming area 12a are arranged side by side.

[0071] In this embodiment, at least a portion of the first sub-dimming area 11a is located below region A 1A, thereby allowing the first sub-dimming area 11a to correspond to the driver's area 1b. The second sub-dimming area 12a is adjacent to the first sub-dimming area 11a, and therefore corresponds to the passenger's area 1c. Since region A 1A corresponds to the driver, and the area horizontally adjacent to region A 1A corresponds to the passenger, the first sub-dimming area 11a and the second sub-dimming area 12a can be independently controlled. The first sub-dimming area 11a can meet the driver's various needs, and the second sub-dimming area 12a can meet the passenger's various needs. For example, when driving, the first sub-dimming area 11a can be made transparent to increase the driver's field of vision, and the second sub-dimming area 12a can also be made transparent. When the vehicle is parked and resting, the first sub-dimming zone 11a can be made transparent to increase the driver's field of vision. At this time, the second sub-dimming zone 12a can be in a fogged state, displaying various images such as movies, games, and black-and-white scenes. This caters to the needs of users who wish to rest and entertain themselves in the car while parked, such as picking up children from school, accompanying others shopping, or taking a break in the car's private space during lunch breaks. In summary, this embodiment can set different sub-dimming zones 10a for the driver's area 1b and the passenger's area 1c, achieving zoned control to address the different needs of the driver and passenger in both driving and parking states.

[0072] In this embodiment, the second sub-dimming area 12a is positioned closer to the top of the laminated glass 1 than the first sub-dimming area 11a. In other words, the second sub-dimming area 12a is higher than the first sub-dimming area 11a, thereby increasing the area of ​​the second sub-dimming area 12a to further meet the needs of the co-driver for viewing images or protecting privacy. The specific height of the second sub-dimming area 12a is not limited in this embodiment and can be set according to actual needs.

[0073] Please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the laminated glass when the dimming layer is energized, according to another embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the dimming area 1a includes a first sub-dimming area 11a and a second sub-dimming area 12a, which are arranged sequentially from the bottom to the top of the laminated glass 1.

[0074] When the dimming area 1a includes two sub-dimming areas 10a: a first sub-dimming area 11a and a second sub-dimming area 12a, in this embodiment, the first sub-dimming area 11a can be located on the lower side of the laminated glass 1, and the second sub-dimming area 12a can be located on the upper layer of the laminated glass 1, so that the first sub-dimming area 11a and the second sub-dimming area 12a are arranged vertically. At this time, the lower first sub-dimming area 11a can be called the non-viewing area, and the upper second sub-dimming area 12a can be called the viewing area. The first sub-dimming area 11a and the second sub-dimming area 12a can be adjusted independently. For example, when driving, the second sub-dimming area 12a can be kept in a transparent state to block the driver's view, and the first sub-dimming area 11a can also be kept in a transparent state to maximize the driver's view. Alternatively, the first sub-dimming area 11a can also be in a fogged state to display various information to the driver within the first sub-dimming area 11a. When parked, both the first sub-dimming area 11a and the second sub-dimming area 12a can be in a fogged state, allowing various images, such as movies, games, and black-and-white scenes, to be displayed within them. This caters to the needs of users who wish to relax and entertain themselves in their cars while parked, such as picking up children from school, accompanying others shopping, or taking a break in the car during lunchtime. It also meets the requirements for large display areas. In summary, this embodiment allows for zoned adjustment of the field of view and non-field of view to address the different needs of users in both driving and parking states.

[0075] In this embodiment, the dimming area 1a can avoid the area where the sensors in the vehicle 3 are located, so as to avoid the influence of the dimming area 1a on the light emitted or received by various sensors when it is in a fog state.

[0076] In this embodiment, the laminated glass 1 has a light-transmitting area 1d and a shielding area 1e disposed on the outer periphery of the light-transmitting area 1d. The dimming area 1a is partially disposed in the light-transmitting area 1d and the remaining part is disposed in the shielding area 1e. At least a portion of the edge of the dimming area 1a is disposed in the shielding area 1e.

[0077] Besides being distinguished by whether it has a dimming function, the laminated glass 1 can also be divided into a light-transmitting area 1d and a darkening area 1e. The darkening area 1e is located at the outer periphery of the light-transmitting area 1d, that is, the light-transmitting area 1d is located inward, and the darkening area 1e is located outward. The light-transmitting area 1d is the area that allows light to pass through, ensuring the normal visibility needs of the occupants of the vehicle. The darkening area 1e is the opaque area, and wiring can be run within the darkening area 1e to hide various lines, thereby improving the appearance performance of the laminated glass 1. Optionally, the material of the darkening area 1e is selected from at least one of dark ink, opaque polymer film, and dimming film.

[0078] The dark ink can be ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink. The ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink is printed on the second side 102, the third side 301 and / or the fourth side 302 through processes such as screen printing and inkjet printing. After curing or high-temperature sintering, a masking layer is formed.

[0079] The opaque polymer film can be a bulk-colored polymer film, such as by adding black or brown coloring components during the manufacturing process; it can also be a polymer film with surface-printed inks, paints, or pigments, such as printing black ink, black paint, or brown pigments onto the surface of the polymer film. It can also be a dyed or colored polymer film, such as by coloring the polymer film with black or brown dyes; the material of the polymer film can be polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), etc.

[0080] The dimming film can be a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film (PDLC), a suspended particle film (SPD), an electrochromic film (EC), a dye liquid crystal film (LC), etc. For example, the aforementioned positive PDLC is in a fog state when the power is off, giving it a shielding effect, and in a transparent state when the power is on.

[0081] In this embodiment, the dimming area 1a can be partially located within the light-transmitting area 1d, while the remaining portion is located within the shielding area 1e. Furthermore, in this embodiment, at least a portion of the edge of the dimming area 1a can be located within the shielding area 1e; for example, the left and right edges and the lower edge of the dimming area 1a can all be located within the shielding area 1e, thereby utilizing the shielding effect of the shielding area 1e to block the edge of the dimming area 1a. Since the periphery of the dimming area 1a requires edge sealing, defects may exist in this area. By shielding the edge of the dimming area 1a with the shielding area 1e, these defects can be concealed, thereby improving the appearance performance of the laminated glass 1.

[0082] Please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laminated glass according to another embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the laminated glass 1 further includes a first adhesive layer 40 and a second adhesive layer 50. The first adhesive layer 40 connects the second surface 102 and the dimming layer 20, and the second adhesive layer 50 connects the dimming layer 20 and the third surface 301. The thickness of the first adhesive layer 40 is greater than the thickness of the second adhesive layer 50.

[0083] In addition to the aforementioned components, the laminated glass 1 may also include a first adhesive layer 40 and a second adhesive layer 50. The first adhesive layer 40 connects the second surface 102 and the light-switching layer 20, thereby connecting the light-switching layer 20 to the first glass plate 10. The second adhesive layer 50 connects the light-switching layer 20 to the third surface 301, thereby connecting the light-switching layer 20 to the second glass plate 30.

[0084] Both the first adhesive layer 40 and the second adhesive layer 50 can be transparent or colored thermoplastic polymer films, and the thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.38 mm to 2.28 mm. For example, the thickness of the adhesive layer can be, but is not limited to, 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.14 mm, 1.52 mm, 1.9 mm, 2.28 mm, or other values ​​between 0.38 mm and 2.28 mm. The material of the thermoplastic polymer film can be selected from at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and ionic polymer (SGP). This embodiment is only illustrated by illustrative purposes, with both the first adhesive layer 40 and the second adhesive layer 50 being made of PVB.

[0085] When the adhesive layer is a transparent thermoplastic polymer, the visible light transmittance of the transparent thermoplastic polymer is greater than or equal to 80%. For example, the visible light transmittance of the adhesive layer can be, but is not limited to, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%. When the adhesive layer is a colored thermoplastic polymer film, the visible light transmittance of the colored thermoplastic polymer film is greater than or equal to 80%. For example, the visible light transmittance of the adhesive layer can be, but is not limited to, 80%, 85%, or 90%. The colored thermoplastic polymer film can be gray, green, or blue. Exemplarily, the adhesive layer can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. Multi-layer structures can include, for example, double-layer, triple-layer, quadruple-layer, and five-layer structures. The adhesive layer can also have other functions, such as setting at least one colored area as a shaded area to reduce the interference of sunlight on the human eye, or adding infrared absorbers to have sun protection or heat insulation functions, or adding ultraviolet absorbers to have ultraviolet protection functions, or having a higher plasticizer content in at least one layer of the multi-layer structure to have sound insulation functions.

[0086] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the thickness of the first adhesive layer 40 can be greater than the thickness of the second adhesive layer 50, thereby reducing the probability of air bubbles being generated during the lamination of the laminated glass 1 and improving the appearance performance of the laminated glass 1. Specifically, the thickness of the first adhesive layer 40 is 0.76 mm, and the thickness of the second adhesive layer 50 is 0.38 mm.

[0087] Please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laminated glass in another embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the laminated glass 1 further includes a third adhesive layer 60, which connects the first adhesive layer 40 and the second adhesive layer 50, and is disposed in the same layer as the dimming layer 20, and is located outside the dimming area 1a.

[0088] In addition to the first adhesive layer 40 and the second adhesive layer 50, the laminated glass 1 may also include a third adhesive layer 60. When the dimming layer 20 does not cover the entire area of ​​the laminated glass 1, that is, when the dimming area 1a is not located in the entire area of ​​the laminated glass 1, the first adhesive layer 40 and the second adhesive layer 50 within the dimming area 1a can sandwich the dimming layer 20. However, outside the dimming area 1a, in this embodiment, the first adhesive layer 40 and the second adhesive layer 50 can sandwich the third adhesive layer 60, that is, the third adhesive layer 60 connects the first adhesive layer 40 and the second adhesive layer 50. At this time, the third adhesive layer 60 is disposed in the same layer as the dimming layer 20 and has the same thickness. In other words, the third adhesive layer 60 is used to fill the area where the dimming layer 20 is not located to fill the interior of the laminated glass 1. For a detailed description of the third adhesive layer 60, please refer to the above text, which will not be repeated here in this embodiment. Specifically, the thickness of the dimming layer 20 is 0.38 mm, and the thickness of the third adhesive layer 60 is also 0.38 mm.

[0089] This application has provided a detailed description of various aspects of the laminated glass 1 above. Following this, various performance tests were conducted on the laminated glass 1. Specifically, three pieces of the laminated glass 1 with reverse PDLC were taken, each measuring 100mm x 100mm. Under conditions of 20.2℃ and 61.3% RH, with the power off, the laminated glass 1 was tested for TL, TE, TIR, TTS, and RL performance using a spectrophotometer and the ISO9050-2003 standard. The test results are shown in Table 1. The RL performance test was conducted on the inner glass plate, i.e., the second glass plate 30. Furthermore, a haze meter (BYK) and the ISO14782 standard were used to test the haze performance of each piece of laminated glass 1 under both power-off and power-on conditions. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0090] Table 1 shows the test results of various properties of the three laminated glass panes using a spectrophotometer.

[0091] Testing items Laminated glass 1 Laminated glass 2 Laminated glass 3 TL 75.05％ 74.81％ 75.23％ TE 46.52％ 46.39％ 46.59％ TIR 27.38％ 27.33％ 27.32％ TTS 58.71％ 58.52％ 58.76％ RL 8.60％ 8.84％ 8.60％

[0092] As can be seen from Table 1, the addition of the dimming layer 20 to the laminated glass 1 in this application results in excellent TL performance, ensuring the light transmittance of the laminated glass 1. Meanwhile, TE, TIR, and TTS are low, indicating that the addition of the dimming layer 20 also improves the heat insulation performance of the laminated glass 1. Furthermore, the low RL indicates that the addition of the dimming layer 20 also improves the total internal reflection efficiency of the laminated glass 1, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the laminated glass 1.

[0093] Table 2 shows the test results of haze performance of three laminated glass sheets using a haze meter.

[0094] Testing items Laminated glass 1 Laminated glass 2 Laminated glass 3 Haze (Power off state) 5.13％ 5.07％ 5.30％ Haze (powered on) 98.00％ 98.10％ 98.00％

[0095] As can be seen from Table 2, after adding a dimming layer 20 to the laminated glass 1, when the dimming layer 20 is in the off-state, the laminated glass 1 can have a low haze, making it similar to ordinary glassware and providing the driver with a wide field of vision. When the dimming layer 20 is in the on-state, the laminated glass 1 has a high haze, allowing the display image to be projected onto the dimming area 1a, enabling the driver and other users to clearly view the display image.

[0096] Please refer to Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a head-up display system according to one embodiment of this application. This embodiment provides a head-up display system 2, which includes a projection device 70 and a laminated glass 1 as provided in the above embodiment of this application. The projection device 70 is used to project projection light to form an image onto the dimming area 1a of the laminated glass 1.

[0097] The projection device 70 emits projection light rays directed towards the laminated glass 1. These rays can be reflected at the first glass plate 10 and / or the second glass plate 30 located in the dimming zone 1a, thereby forming various images within the dimming zone 1a to meet diverse user needs. When the dimming zone 1a is transparent, the user can still view the image. When the dimming zone 1a is fogged, the dimming layer 20 blocks ambient light from entering the user's eyes, thus improving image contrast and display quality.

[0098] The head-up display system 2 provided in this embodiment employs the laminated glass 1 provided in the above-described embodiments of this application, with a dimming film added between the inner and outer glass plates. This allows the laminated glass 1 to display a transparent state when no power is applied, and a fogged state when power is applied. This achieves both unobstructed driving visibility and meets the projection needs of drivers and other users.

[0099] Please refer to Figure 10 , Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to one embodiment of this application. This embodiment provides a vehicle 3, which includes a body 80 and a head-up display system 2 as provided in the above embodiment of this application, wherein the head-up display system 2 is disposed on the body 80.

[0100] The head-up display system 2 can be installed on the vehicle body 80, wherein the projection device 70 of the head-up display system 2 is installed inside the vehicle body 80, and the laminated glass 1 of the head-up display system 2 can be installed at an opening in the vehicle body 80. When the laminated glass 1 is installed on the vehicle 3, it is preferably used as the windshield of the vehicle 3. However, it is not limited to this; the laminated glass 1 can also be used as the rear windshield or side window glass, thereby providing more display application scenarios for the vehicle 3.

[0101] The vehicle 3 provided in this embodiment employs the head-up display system 2 provided in the above-described embodiments of this application. By adding a dimming film between the inner and outer glass panels, the laminated glass 1 can be displayed in a transparent state when not powered, and in a foggy state when powered. This achieves both not affecting the driver's field of vision and meeting the projection needs of the driver and other users.

[0102] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0103] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise expressly specified. Moreover, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0104] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part. They can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. They can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0105] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of the embodiments of this application, elucidating and explaining the principles and implementation methods of this application. These descriptions are merely for the purpose of aiding understanding the method and core ideas of this application. However, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from its spirit and scope. These modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laminated glass, characterized in that, The laminated glass has a dimming area. The laminated glass includes a first glass plate, a dimming layer, and a second glass plate. The first glass plate has a first surface and a second surface, and the second glass plate has a third surface and a fourth surface. The dimming layer is disposed between the second surface and the third surface and within the dimming area. When the dimming layer is in a de-energized state, the laminated glass is in a transparent state; when the dimming layer is in an energized state, the laminated glass is in a fogged state. The laminated glass has a region B, and at least a portion of the dimming area is located below the region B. The dimming area includes at least one sub-dimming area. When the dimming area includes multiple sub-dimming areas, the multiple sub-dimming areas can be independently controlled, such that when the dimming layer in each sub-dimming area is in a power-off state, the corresponding sub-dimming area is in a transparent state, and when the dimming layer in each sub-dimming area is in a power-on state, the corresponding sub-dimming area is in a foggy state. The laminated glass has a light-transmitting area and a shielding area located at the outer periphery of the light-transmitting area. The dimming area is partially located in the light-transmitting area and the remaining portion is located in the shielding area. At least a portion of the edge of the dimming area is located in the shielding area.

2. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The laminated glass has a visible light transmittance TL, which is ≥70% when the dimming layer is in a power-off state and TL<70% when the dimming layer is in a power-on state.

3. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The laminated glass has a haze H, where H ≤ 10% when the dimming layer is in a power-off state and H ≥ 90% when the dimming layer is in a power-on state.

4. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The laminated glass has a total solar transmittance (TTS), which is 50%-65% when the dimming layer is in a power-off state.

5. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The laminated glass has an infrared transmittance (TIR) ​​of 20%-35% when the dimming layer is in a power-off state.

6. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The laminated glass has a visible light reflectance RL, which is 3%-15% when the dimming layer is in a power-off state.

7. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The laminated glass has an area A located within the area B. The dimming area includes a first sub-dimming area and a second sub-dimming area, which are arranged adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction. At least a portion of the first sub-dimming area is located below the area A.

8. The laminated glass as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The second sub-dimming area is located closer to the top of the laminated glass than the first sub-dimming area.

9. The laminated glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dimming area includes a first sub-dimming area and a second sub-dimming area, which are arranged sequentially from the bottom to the top of the laminated glass.

10. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The laminated glass further includes a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer, wherein the first adhesive layer connects the second surface to the dimming layer, and the second adhesive layer connects the dimming layer to the third surface.

11. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, The thickness of the first adhesive layer is greater than the thickness of the second adhesive layer.

12. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, The laminated glass further includes a third adhesive layer, which connects the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer, and is disposed in the same layer as the dimming layer, and is located outside the dimming area.

13. A head-up display system, characterized in that, The head-up display system includes a projection device and a laminated glass as described in any one of claims 1-12, wherein the projection device is used to project projection light forming an image onto the dimming area of ​​the laminated glass.

14. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a body and a head-up display system as described in claim 13, the head-up display system being disposed on the body.

Images