Sandy soil conditioner and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a sandy soil conditioner and application thereof. The sandy soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1 to 5 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 100 to 126 parts of biochar, 15 to 30 parts of humic acid and 0.5 to 1.5 parts of microbial agent. The microbial agent is prepared from bacillus subtilis and penicillium baylii according to the mass ratio of (1 to 3): (0.5 to 1.5). According to the invention, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, biochar, humic acid and a specific microbial agent are scientifically proportioned, the addition of biochar significantly enhances the water and fertilizer retention ability of soil, the porous structure effectively adsorbs and retains a large amount of water and nutrients, the nutrient loss is reduced, and the soil fertility is improved; the humic acid is rich in organic matters and various nutrient elements, so that the organic matter content of the soil is effectively increased, the soil structure is improved, a stable granular structure is formed, and the air permeability and the water-retaining property of the soil are enhanced; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is used as a soil conditioner, so that the agglomeration and the stability of the soil are further enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular to a sandy soil improver and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Sandy soil is a kind of soil with a large amount of sand. It has the advantages of good loose permeability and low tillage resistance. However, due to its unique physical characteristics, the soil has strong permeability but weak absorption performance, which not only seriously weakens the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, but also has poor water and fertilizer retention capabilities, water and fertilizer are easily lost, and soil fertility is low. At the same time, it also significantly reduces the efficiency of irrigation and fertilization, greatly increasing the difficulty and cost of agricultural production. What is more serious is that the fragility of soil structure and insufficient nutrients will also hinder the normal growth of crops and directly affect the yield and quality. Therefore, the management of sandy soil and the improvement of cultivated land quality have become important issues that need to be urgently solved in the current agricultural development. Through scientific and reasonable soil improvement measures, it is possible to improve the physical structure of sandy soil, enhance its ability to retain water and fertilizer, and improve soil fertility, thereby providing more suitable environmental conditions for crop growth. Therefore, strengthening the management of sandy soil and improving the quality of cultivated land have become an inevitable choice for agricultural development in the current and future period.

[0003] Traditional methods of improving sandy soil include increasing the application of organic fertilizers, adding water-retaining agents, and introducing microbial agents. However, a single measure is often difficult to comprehensively improve the water retention, fertilizer retention, and air permeability of sandy soil. It is necessary to find an improver that integrates multiple functions. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a sandy soil conditioner and application thereof.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention provides a sandy soil conditioner, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0007] 1-5 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 100-126 parts of biochar, 15-30 parts of humic acid, and 0.5-1.5 parts of microbial agent;

[0008] The microbial agent is prepared from Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium bilaiae in a mass ratio of (1-3): (0.5-1.5).

[0009] Preferably, the number of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis in the microbial agent is ≥ 5×10 9 cfu / g, the number of viable Penicillium bilainum ≥ 6×10 8 cell / g.

[0010] The second aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned sandy soil conditioner in at least one of the following (1)-(3):

[0011] (1) Increase the organic matter content of sandy soil;

[0012] (2) Increase the alkaline nitrogen content of sandy soil;

[0013] (3) Increase the aggregate content of sandy soil.

[0014] The third aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned sandy soil conditioner in at least one of the following (1)-(2):

[0015] (1) Increase the available phosphorus content in sandy soil;

[0016] (2) Increase the available potassium content in sandy soil.

[0017] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned sandy soil conditioner in at least one of the following (1)-(4):

[0018] (1) Improve the net photosynthetic rate of crops grown on sandy soil;

[0019] (2) Improve the transpiration rate of crops grown on sandy soil;

[0020] (3) Reduce the intercellular CO2 concentration of crops grown in sandy soil;

[0021] (4) Improve the stomatal conductance of crops grown on sandy soil.

[0022] A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a method for improving sandy soil, comprising the following steps:

[0023] The sandy soil conditioner is spread on the sandy soil to be improved and then turned over and compacted.

[0024] Preferably, the application amount of the sandy soil conditioner is: 250-420kg / mu.

[0025] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0026] 1. The present invention achieves comprehensive improvement of the physical, chemical and biological properties of sandy soil by scientifically proportioning sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, biochar, humic acid and specific microbial agents; the addition of biochar significantly enhances the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, and its porous structure effectively absorbs and retains a large amount of water and nutrients, reduces nutrient loss, and improves soil fertility; humic acid, with its rich organic matter and various nutrients, effectively increases the organic matter content of the soil, improves the soil structure, forms a stable aggregate structure, and enhances the air permeability and water retention of the soil; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, as a soil conditioner, further enhances the aggregation and stability of the soil, providing a more solid foundation for crop growth.

[0027] 2. Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium bilaiae in microbial agents have played a significant ecological effect with their high live bacteria count / concentration; they promote the recovery of soil microbial diversity, improve the structure of soil microbial communities, and enhance the ecological function of soil; at the same time, these microbial agents can also secrete beneficial substances, promote the growth and development of crop roots, and enhance the ability of crops to absorb and utilize nutrients. This feature not only creates a good growth environment for crop roots, but also improves the stress resistance and yield quality of crops.

[0028] 3. The sandy soil conditioner of the present invention comprehensively applies a variety of high-efficiency improvement materials, which not only significantly improves the fertility and structural stability of the soil, but also promotes the development of crop roots and the absorption and utilization of nutrients. This comprehensive improvement effect enables crops to thrive in sandy and barren regional soils, achieving a dual increase in crop yield and quality. This achievement provides strong technical support for the improvement of sandy soil and sustainable agricultural development, and is expected to be applied and promoted in a wider range of regions and under different types of soil conditions.

[0029] 4. Through the implementation of the present invention, the improvement effect of sandy soil has been significantly improved, agricultural production efficiency has been improved, and new vitality has been injected into the sustainable development of agriculture. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 : Net photosynthetic rate test results of peanuts:

[0031] Figure 2 : Peanut transpiration rate test results:

[0032] Figure 3 : Peanut intercellular carbon dioxide concentration test results:

[0033] Figure 4 : Stomatal conductance test results of peanut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0035] In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present application, the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0036] The test materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional test materials in the art and can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0037] The sodium carboxymethyl cellulose used in the present invention was purchased from Xilong Science Co., Ltd., CAS: 9004-32-4.

[0038] The humic acid used in the present invention was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., platform number: S30583.

[0039] The Bacillus subtilis used in the present invention was purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, and the strain number is CGMCC 1.9083.

[0040] In the present invention, Bacillus subtilis is added in the form of bacterial powder, and the preparation method of Bacillus subtilis bacterial powder is as follows:

[0041] The Bacillus subtilis was activated, and the activated Bacillus subtilis was inoculated into a nutrient broth liquid culture medium at an inoculum amount of 10% (volume fraction), and cultured at 30° C. for 36 hours. The culture solution was centrifuged (4,000 rpm, 10 minutes), the supernatant was discarded, the precipitated bacteria were collected, and dried to obtain Bacillus subtilis powder.

[0042] The Penicillium bilairum used in the present invention was purchased from Beijing Bio-Bowei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., platform number: bio-135093.

[0043] In the present invention, Penicillium bilainum is added in the form of bacterial powder, and the preparation method of Penicillium bilainum powder is as follows:

[0044] The activated Penicillium bilainum was inoculated into a PDA liquid culture medium at a volume fraction of 10%, and cultured at 30°C for 36 hours. The culture solution was centrifuged (4,000 rpm, 10 minutes), the supernatant was discarded, the precipitated bacteria were collected, and dried to obtain Penicillium bilainum powder.

[0045] Example 1: Preparation of sandy soil conditioner:

[0046] Raw material composition: 0.2kg sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 10kg biochar, 1.5kg humic acid and 0.1kg microbial agent;

[0047] Biochar is prepared by the following methods:

[0048] The peanut straw was cut into 4 cm pieces, placed in a muffle furnace for carbonization at 400 °C for 1 h, cooled, air-dried and sieved to obtain biochar;

[0049] The microbial agent is prepared by the following method:

[0050] The powder of Bacillus subtilis and the powder of Penicillium bilaiae were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain a microbial agent. The number of live bacteria in the microbial agent was determined, and the number of live bacteria of Bacillus subtilis was 5×10 9 cfu / g, the concentration of Penicillium bilaireae was 6×10 8 cell / g;

[0051] Preparation method: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, biochar, humic acid and microbial agent are uniformly mixed according to parts by mass to obtain a sandy soil conditioner.

[0052] Example 2: Preparation of sandy soil conditioner:

[0053] Raw material composition: 0.1kg sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 11.3kg biochar, 2.25kg humic acid and 0.05kg microbial agent;

[0054] Biochar is prepared by the following methods:

[0055] The peanut straw was cut into 4 cm pieces, placed in a muffle furnace for carbonization at 400 °C for 1 h, cooled, air-dried and sieved to obtain biochar;

[0056] The microbial agent is prepared by the following method:

[0057] The powder of Bacillus subtilis and the powder of Penicillium bilaiae were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain a microbial agent. The number of live bacteria in the microbial agent was determined, and the number of live bacteria of Bacillus subtilis was 5×10 9 cfu / g, the concentration of Penicillium bilaireae was 6×10 8 cell / g;

[0058] Preparation method: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, biochar, humic acid and microbial agent are uniformly mixed according to parts by mass to obtain a sandy soil conditioner.

[0059] Example 3: Preparation of sandy soil conditioner:

[0060] Raw material composition: 0.5kg sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 12.6kg biochar, 3kg humic acid and 0.15kg microbial agent;

[0061] Biochar is prepared by the following methods:

[0062] Cut soybean straw or peanut straw into 3-5 cm pieces, place in a muffle furnace at 400°C for 1 hour, cool, air-dry and sieve to obtain biochar;

[0063] The microbial agent is prepared by the following method:

[0064] The powder of Bacillus subtilis and the powder of Penicillium bilaiae were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain a microbial agent. The number of live bacteria in the microbial agent was determined, and the number of live bacteria of Bacillus subtilis was 5×10 9 cfu / g, the concentration of Penicillium bilaireae was 6×10 8 cell / g;

[0065] Preparation method: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, biochar, humic acid and microbial agent are uniformly mixed according to parts by mass to obtain a sandy soil conditioner.

[0066] Comparative Example 1:

[0067] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is:

[0068] Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was used as a sandy soil conditioner.

[0069] Comparative Example 2:

[0070] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is:

[0071] The biochar prepared in Example 1 was used as a sandy soil conditioner.

[0072] Comparative Example 3:

[0073] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is:

[0074] Use humic acid alone as a sandy soil conditioner.

[0075] Comparative Example 4:

[0076] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is:

[0077] The microbial agent prepared in Implementation 1 is used as a sandy soil conditioner.

[0078] Test Example 1: Sandy soil improvement test:

[0079] The experimental site is set in Dongping County, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, with geographical coordinates of 35°56′05″N, 116°18′50″E. The region has a temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate with distinct four seasons: dry and windy spring, hot and rainy summer, clear and cool autumn, and cold and snowy winter. The annual average temperature is about 13.4℃, of which January is the coldest month, with the extreme minimum temperature dropping below -15℃ and the average temperature around -.4℃; July is the hottest month, with the extreme maximum temperature reaching above 40℃ and the average temperature around 26.7℃. The annual average precipitation is about 650 mm, with precipitation mainly concentrated in summer, especially in July and August. The average wind speed data may vary depending on the specific location, but is generally moderate at about 3.4m / s. The number of windy days is relatively small, with an average of about 22 days with winds above level 6. The relative humidity may be high, especially after rain in summer or in the morning in autumn. The annual average sunshine hours are about 2300-2500 hours, of which spring and summer have more sunshine, with an average sunshine hours of about 2427.7 hours, followed by autumn, and winter has relatively less sunshine hours, with about 169.1 hours.

[0080] The area is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, in Dongping County, Tai'an City, at the junction of the southwest plain of Shandong and the mountainous area of ​​central Shandong. The terrain is high in the east and low in the west, high in the north and low in the south, and gently slopes from east to west, with an average altitude of about 35 meters. The soil type is mainly sandy soil, with an average soil salt content of 1.41‰, an organic matter content of 9.71g / kg, a total nitrogen content of 257.13mg / kg, and a pH of 7.28. The soybean variety is Qihuang 34, and the peanut variety is Yuhua 32.

[0081] The experiment was divided into five treatments:

[0082] Treatment 1 (CBHM): 318 kg / mu of the sandy soil conditioner prepared in Example 1 was spread, and basal fertilizer was spread, and deep pressing was performed using a three-share plow, with a pressing depth of 20 cm; the basal fertilizer was 7.80 kg / mu of urea (N≧46%), 21.74 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate (P2O5≧46%, N≧18%), and 9.61 kg / mu of potassium sulfate (K2O≧52%);

[0083] Peanut sowing: The peanut variety is Yuhua 32, the spacing is 25 cm, the sowing amount is 8,000 holes / mu (usually 1-2 seeds are sown in each hole), the planting density is 14,000 plants / mu, and weeding is carried out in time after the peanuts emerge. During the needle-setting and pod-setting stages of the peanuts, urea (N≧46%) is applied at 16.30 kg / mu; and boron fertilizer and other trace element fertilizers are supplemented in appropriate amounts; unified harvesting is carried out after maturity.

[0084] Treatment 2 (CMC): 318 kg / mu of the sandy soil conditioner prepared in Example 1 in Treatment 1 was replaced by 5.39 kg / mu of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose prepared in Comparative Example 1, and the rest of the treatments were the same as Treatment 1;

[0085] Treatment 3 (BC): 318 kg / mu of the sandy soil conditioner prepared in Example 1 in Treatment 1 was replaced by 269.49 kg / mu of biochar prepared in Comparative Example 2, and the rest of the treatments were the same as Treatment 1;

[0086] Treatment 4 (HA): The sandy soil conditioner prepared in Example 1, at 318 kg / mu, was replaced by humic acid prepared in Comparative Example 3, at 40.42 kg / mu. The remaining treatments were the same as those in Treatment 1.

[0087] Treatment 5 (MB): 318 kg / mu of the sandy soil conditioner prepared in Example 1 in Treatment 1 was replaced by 2.69 kg / mu of the microbial agent prepared in Comparative Example 4, and the rest of the treatments were the same as Treatment 1;

[0088] Treatment 6 (CK): No sandy soil conditioner was applied, and the rest of the treatments were the same as treatment 1.

[0089] There are 18 communities in total, each with an area of ​​42m 2 , each treatment was repeated 3 times.

[0090] 1. Measurement items:

[0091] 1. Soil chemical properties indicators and determination methods

[0092] Soil chemical properties and determination methods After the crops were harvested, each plot adopted the diagonal sampling method to take soil samples from the 0-20 cm soil layer. After natural air drying, the samples were sieved (<1 mm) for the determination of soil chemical properties.

[0093] Potassium dichromate volumetric method-dilution heat method to determine soil organic matter;

[0094] Alkaline diffusion method was used to determine soil alkaline nitrogen;

[0095] 0.5mol / L NaHCO3 extraction, molybdenum antimony anti-absorption spectrophotometry to determine soil available phosphorus;

[0096] 1moI / LNHOAC extraction, flame photometer method to determine soil available potassium;

[0097] Soil samples were collected from the soil on the day of peanut harvest.

[0098] 2. Determination of soil aggregate content:

[0099] Weigh 100.00 g of undisturbed soil, soak the soil with distilled water, and pass it through three nylon sieves (8 mesh, 60 mesh, 270 mesh) in sequence. Sieve it vertically up and down in the water for 15 minutes, merge the aggregates > 0.25 mm, dry it at 60 ° C to constant weight, and record the weight. The soil sample was taken from the soil on the day of peanut harvest.

[0100] 3. Photosynthetic indicators:

[0101] During the first year of peanut growth, the pod-setting period (80 days after seedling emergence), we conducted a photosynthesis parameter measurement experiment to evaluate the photosynthesis efficiency of peanut plants and their response to environmental conditions. The experiment used the Photosynthetic Meter 6800 (a high-precision portable photosynthesis measurement device) as the core tool. First, it was calibrated and the leaf chamber size was set to 1.75 cm 2 (0.7cm×2.5cm), the internal light source has a light intensity of 600μmol photons m -2 s -1 , temperature 25 °C, relative humidity 60%, CO2 concentration 400 μmol mol -1 , to ensure that the instrument is in the best working condition.

[0102] Subsequently, three peanut plants with good growth conditions and representativeness were selected from each treatment area as the test objects. On each peanut plant, the third fully expanded leaf counted from the top was selected as the functional leaf for measurement, and the leaves must be healthy and fully expanded. During the measurement, the leaves were tightly placed in the leaf chamber of the photosynthetic instrument 6800, and key parameters such as net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were recorded. Each treatment was measured three times to improve the reliability and representativeness of the data.

[0103] 2. Test results:

[0104] Table 1 Test results of soil chemical properties under different treatments

[0105]

[0106] As shown in Table 1, the sandy soil conditioner of the present invention (CBHM treatment group) significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, with the increase rates being 16.44%, 11.65%, 21.11% and 10.04%, respectively.

[0107] Table 2 Test results of soil aggregate content and peanut yield under different treatments

[0108]

[0109] As shown in Table 2, the soil aggregate content in the 0-20 cm soil layer treated with the sandy soil conditioner of the present invention increased by 29.18% compared with the control group, and the peanut yield increased by 34.80%.

[0110] In summary, the sandy soil conditioner of the present invention has significant treatment benefits, increasing yield by 34.80%, significantly increasing soil organic matter content and improving soil aggregate structure, not only promoting the accumulation of organic carbon in soil macroaggregates and microaggregates, but also enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of the soil, which is of great significance to improving soil fertility and carbon storage potential.

[0111] Figure 1-Figure 4 The test results of peanut photosynthesis index are Figure 1 It can be seen that the treatment with the sandy soil conditioner of the present invention significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate of peanut leaves during the pod-setting period, which was 63.01% higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the CMC treatment, BC treatment and MB treatment increased by 20.10%, 44.37% and 43.51% respectively compared with the control group (P<0.05); Figure 2 It can be seen that the sandy soil conditioner treatment of the present invention significantly increased the transpiration rate of peanut leaves during the pod-setting period, which was 75.23% higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The transpiration rates of the BC treatment and the MB treatment were increased by 46.79% and 44.38% respectively compared with the control group (P<0.05). Figure 3 It can be seen that the treatment with the sandy soil conditioner of the present invention significantly reduced the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in peanut leaves during the pod-setting period, which was reduced by 26.12% (P<0.05) compared with the control group. The intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in the BC treatment and MB treatment was reduced by 20.82% and 20.84% ​​(P<0.05) respectively compared with the control group. Figure 4 It can be seen that the sandy soil conditioner treatment of the present invention significantly increased the stomatal conductance of peanut leaves in the pod-setting period, which was increased by 22.62% (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. In addition, the stomatal conductance of the MB treatment was increased by 19.85% (P < 0.05) compared with the control group.

[0112] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A sandy soil conditioner, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 100-126 parts of biochar, 15-30 parts of humic acid, and 0.5-1.5 parts of microbial agent; The microbial agent is prepared from Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium bilaiae in a mass ratio of (1-3): (0.5-1.5).

2. The sandy soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that In the microbial agent, the number of viable Bacillus subtilis is ≥ 5×10 9 cfu / g, the number of viable Penicillium bilainum ≥ 6×10 8 cell / g.

3. Use of the sandy soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2 in at least one of the following (1)-(3): (1) Increase the organic matter content of sandy soil; (2) Increase the alkaline nitrogen content of sandy soil; (3) Increase the aggregate content of sandy soil.

4. Use of the sandy soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2 in at least one of the following (1)-(2): (1) Increase the available phosphorus content in sandy soil; (2) Increase the available potassium content in sandy soil.

5. Use of the sandy soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2 in at least one of the following (1)-(4): (1) Improve the net photosynthetic rate of crops grown on sandy soil; (2) Improve the transpiration rate of crops grown on sandy soil; (3) Reduce the intercellular CO2 concentration of crops grown in sandy soil; (4) Improve the stomatal conductance of crops grown on sandy soil.

6. A method for improving sandy soil, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The sandy soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2 is spread on the sandy soil to be improved and then turned over and compacted.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The application amount of the sandy soil conditioner is: 250-420kg / mu.

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