Pouring structure and building method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of building installation construction, and discloses a pourable structure and a building method. The pourable structure is defined by a heat preservation plate, a wall plate, a common formwork and a pouring anchoring space on the heat preservation plate and the wall plate, the heat preservation plate serves as a non-dismantling formwork of a cold (hot) bridge part of a column or a beam or a shear wall, and the top face of the wall plate serves as all or a part of a beam bottom non-dismantling formwork. The wallboards serve as all or a part of the side face non-dismantling formworks at the joints of the wallboards and the columns or the shear walls, the common formworks only serve as the supplementing parts of the enclosure panels, and building of the pourable structure is completed through enclosure of the wallboards and the common formworks. By means of the technical scheme, installation and anchoring of the insulation board and the secondary structure wallboard and pouring of the building body are synchronously implemented, the construction period is shortened, the cost is reduced, anchoring is firmer, and the selectable range of insulation board materials is widened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of building installation and construction, and in particular to a castable structure and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] At present, in some construction processes, insulation boards have been used as non-removable templates to complete anchoring during the main pouring construction, which simplifies the construction process. However, since the anchors in the insulation board are simply penetrated, and the insulation board material is relatively loose and porous, the anchoring strength is insufficient. The anchors are also prone to oxidation and rusting when in contact with oxygen and moisture in the air, affecting the long-term stability of the insulation structure. Another current situation is that the secondary structure wall panels are generally installed and constructed separately after the primary structure is completed. The wall panels and the main building parts are mainly connected by metal pipe clamps or U-shaped clamps. The connecting parts will be more or less exposed to the air for a long time. There is also a safety hazard of rust, breakage and detachment of the connecting parts in the later stage. It is difficult to ensure the firmness of the secondary structure wall panels in the long term. The construction process is also relatively complicated, the construction period is long, and the hidden cost is high. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a castable structure and construction method, which can realize the simultaneous implementation of the installation and anchoring of the insulation board and the secondary structure wallboard and the casting of the building body, and can be completed at one time. At the same time, the insulation board and the wallboard are more firmly anchored and the stability is longer.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] In a first aspect, a castable structure includes an insulation board and a conventional formwork, and also includes a wall panel;

[0006] The insulation board serves as a non-dismantling formwork at the cold (hot) bridge parts of columns, beams or shear walls, the wall panel serves as all or part of the non-dismantling formwork at the side surfaces connecting with columns or shear walls, the top surface serves as all or part of the non-dismantling formwork at the bottom of beams, and the ordinary formwork serves only as a filling part of the enclosed panel.

[0007] The insulation board also includes a first pouring and anchoring space, and the wall board also includes a second pouring and anchoring space;

[0008] The insulation board and the first casting and anchoring space, the wall board and the second casting and anchoring space, and the common formwork together enclose a space that can be cast as a whole.

[0009] The first casting anchoring space is composed of a first anchoring hole pre-drilled on the insulation board and a first anchoring nail placed in the first anchoring hole and clamped on both sides of the insulation board;

[0010] The anchor hole is a cylindrical space that passes through the insulation board, and a coaxial circular concave surface with a diameter larger than that of the anchor hole is dug out on the outside.

[0011] The first anchor comprises a blocking piece, a fixing rod and a main rod, wherein the main rod is fixed on the center of the blocking piece;

[0012] The blocking piece is provided with a first exhaust hole;

[0013] The blocking piece is attached to the coaxial circular concave surface of the insulation board, the fixing rod is screwed and connected with the main rod through its own nut, and is pressed against the inner side of the insulation board for fixing, and the extended part of the main rod can be fixed on the steel mesh cage of the column;

[0014] After the first anchor is fixed, the first exhaust hole is located directly above the blocking piece.

[0015] The second casting anchoring space is composed of a second anchoring hole pre-drilled at the top where the wall panel meets the bottom of the beam and a second anchor nail implanted in the second anchoring hole;

[0016] The second anchor hole is pre-drilled with a second exhaust hole opened on the side of the wall panel, and the second exhaust hole is connected to the bottom of the second anchor hole;

[0017] The second anchor comprises a branch rod and a main rod. The branch rod is circumferentially fixed to the main rod and is in a barb shape after being fixed. The branch rod is implanted into the second anchor hole after the wall panel formwork is fixed.

[0018] The structure also includes a third pouring and anchoring space on the wall panel that is grouted separately;

[0019] The third casting and anchoring space is composed of a third anchoring hole pre-drilled at the bottom where the wall panel meets the lower beam and a third anchoring nail cast in advance in the lower beam;

[0020] The third anchor hole is pre-drilled with a grouting hole opened on the side of the wall panel, and the grouting hole is communicated with the bottom of the third anchor hole;

[0021] The third anchor has the same structure as the second anchor and is cast in advance in the lower beam.

[0022] In a second aspect, a method for constructing a castable structure includes the structure described in the first aspect, and further includes the following steps:

[0023] Step S1: Before pouring the foundation, a plurality of the third anchors are vertically welded in a straight line at the same height at the upper position of the steel mesh cage. The vertical depth refers to the length of the anchor in the ground beam after pouring, and the length required to be inserted into the third anchor hole is reserved according to the technical solution. The number and the horizontal and vertical positions correspond to the third anchor holes one by one.

[0024] Step S2: Install foundation formwork and pour concrete;

[0025] Step S3: tying a layer of column steel mesh cages and marking the control line of the formwork of the first floor of the house;

[0026] Step S4: pre-treating the insulation board and the wallboard;

[0027] Step S5: the insulation board is used as the outer formwork of the columns, shear walls and beams of the exterior wall, the wall panel is used as all or part of the side non-removal formwork intersecting with the column or shear wall, and the wall panel is used as all or part of the non-removal formwork at the bottom of the beam, and is combined with the ordinary formwork to complete the construction of all the formworks. During the construction process, the first anchor and the second anchor are installed synchronously, the third anchor is inserted into the third anchor hole, and the main rod of the first anchor on the insulation board of the column is tied or welded to the steel mesh cage of the column.

[0028] Step S6: tying the steel mesh cages of the beam and the layer panel, the main rod of the first anchor on the insulation board of the beam extending into the formwork is tied or welded to the steel mesh cage of the beam, the end of the second anchor extending into the beam steel mesh cage is completely tied or welded to the adjacent beam steel mesh cage, and the third anchor is welded again at a predetermined design position on the upper part of the steel mesh cage of the beam to be cast;

[0029] Step S7: performing integral pouring of the first floor of the building, and when observing that the first and second exhaust holes begin to flow, closing them with small wooden wedges;

[0030] Step S8: the third pouring and anchoring space is separately grouting and anchoring;

[0031] Step S9: removing a layer of the common template;

[0032] Step S10: Repeat the above steps until the construction of each layer of castable structure in the process of building the house is completed.

[0033] Step S4 specifically includes: before supporting the formwork, pre-drilling the first anchor hole and digging the coaxial circular concave surface on the insulation board perpendicular to the lateral side of the insulation board;

[0034] The pretreatment of the wall panel should take into account the template control line of the side with the tenon close to the column when the first piece is installed, and the inner and outer surfaces of the wall panel when installed are planned accordingly. The second anchor hole is drilled on the top surface of the upper end of the wall panel perpendicular to the top surface, and the third anchor hole is drilled on the bottom surface of the lower end perpendicular to the bottom surface;

[0035] The third anchor holes correspond one to one to the third anchor nails;

[0036] A second exhaust hole is drilled from the side of the second anchor hole of the wall panel at an angle of 0°≤the angle with the horizontal plane<90° for exhaust during pouring, and a grouting hole is drilled from the side of the third anchor hole (231) of the wall panel at an angle of 0°≤the angle with the horizontal plane<90° for separate grouting of the third pouring anchoring space.

[0037] Step S5 is specifically as follows: after the first anchor is installed and clamped and fixed, the insulation board is installed as a template for the cold (hot) bridge part of the column and a temporary support is provided. Then, the ordinary template is installed at a position where insulation is not required and a temporary support or fixation is provided. At the same time, an opening on the side of the column is reserved. The wall panel is used as a template to enclose the subsequent opening and is used as a cleaning opening of the column template before enclosing.

[0038] First install the upper and lower column hoops, and temporarily fix them with scaffolding pipes and racks, and gradually install the remaining column hoops (tension screws), correct the axis displacement, vertical deviation, section, diagonal of the column formwork, and provide support. At this time, the type and installation method of the column hoop should avoid affecting the opening on the side of the column;

[0039] After the correction and fixation is completed, the portion of the main rod of the first anchor nail extending into the formwork is tied or welded to the steel mesh cage of the column;

[0040] The side with the tenon of the first wall panel is aligned parallel to the column formwork, the distance between the outer side and the beam control line is equal to the thickness of one insulation board, the opening is blocked, the third anchor hole at the bottom is inserted into the third anchor nail cast in the ground beam in advance, and temporary support or fixation is performed, and the panels are installed in this way until the side of the next column. At this time, the side with the tenon of the first wall panel becomes all or part of the column side formwork, the side without the tenon of the last wall panel becomes all or part of the next column side formwork, and the top surface becomes all or part of the bottom formwork of the beam. The insulation board is installed horizontally and flush on the upper outer side of the wall panel to become the outer formwork of the beam, and the other parts that cannot be enclosed are installed and filled with the ordinary formwork, and temporary support and fixation are performed;

[0041] Install the tension screws step by step, correct the axis displacement and vertical deviation of the template, and fix it with oblique support;

[0042] The second anchor is implanted in the second anchor hole at the top of the wall panel, and the first anchor is installed in the first anchor hole on the insulation board outside the beam;

[0043] If the design has shear walls, refer to the above-mentioned method of column formwork construction;

[0044] Install the layer panel formwork: After the full frame is built according to the template design requirements, adjust the elevation of the upper support and the height of the arch according to the given horizontal line, support the large and small keels under the board according to the template design requirements, and the spacing between them must meet the template design requirements. Lay the ordinary formwork to ensure the tightness of the template joints, squeeze the sealing strips at the ends of the two adjacent ordinary formworks, scrape off the protruding parts, and after laying, use a ruler, feeler gauge and spirit level to check the flatness and layer panel elevation, and make corrections, and clean up the debris in the formwork.

[0045] The construction method constructs a castable structure, realizes the integrated casting of the insulation board, the installation and anchoring of the wall panels and the main structure of the house, and is implemented simultaneously.

[0046] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: through the above technical solution, the present invention allows the insulation board, secondary structure wallboard and building body to penetrate each other and be firmly anchored together, primary structure construction, secondary structure installation and insulation board anchoring are completed simultaneously, the anchors are completely isolated from the air to avoid oxidation and rust, the construction period is shortened, the cost is reduced, and the anchoring is more secure. At the same time, due to the improvement in firmness, the optional range of insulation board materials is also expanded. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the drawings required for describing the embodiment will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only one embodiment of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0048] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0049] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the first anchor in the embodiment;

[0050] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second anchor and the third anchor in the embodiment;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first pouring and anchoring space of the embodiment;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second pouring and anchoring space of the embodiment;

[0053] Figure 5 This is a structural perspective view of the third pouring and anchoring space of the embodiment;

[0054] Figure 6 This is a basic schematic diagram of the embodiment before the formwork is supported;

[0055] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of a castable structure after formwork support in the embodiment;

[0056] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the position of the pouring and anchoring space of Example 3;

[0057] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the outer side structure of the first anchor hole in the embodiment.

[0058] The reference numerals in the above drawings are described as follows:

[0059] 1. Insulation board, 11. First pouring and anchoring space, 111. First anchoring hole, 1111. Coaxial circular concave surface, 112. First anchor nail, 1121. Blocking sheet, 1122. Fixing rod, 1123. Main rod, 1124. First exhaust hole;

[0060] 2. wall panel, 22. second pouring anchoring space, 221. second anchoring hole, 2211. second exhaust hole, 222. second anchor, 2221. branch rod, 2222. main rod, 23. third pouring anchoring space, 231. third anchoring hole, 2311. grouting hole, 232. third anchor;

[0061] 3. Ordinary template. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The following will be combined with the drawings of the specific implementation of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the present invention. The described embodiments are only possible technical implementations of the present invention, not all possible implementations. Those skilled in the art can completely combine the embodiments of the present invention to obtain other embodiments without creative work, and these embodiments are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “inside”, “outside”, “middle”, “vertical” and “circumferential” are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0064] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "adjacent", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0065] Embodiment: Taking a rural villa building with a frame structure as an example, the secondary structure wall panel selects B05 or B04 autoclaved aerated concrete thick plate with self-insulation function, and the insulation board selects B04 or B03 autoclaved aerated concrete thin plate. The installation of the insulation board, secondary structure wall panel and the casting of the building body are completed in one piece.

[0066] The present invention provides a castable structure, comprising an insulation board (1) and a common formwork (3), characterized in that it also comprises a wall board (2);

[0067] The insulation board (1) serves as a non-dismantling formwork at the cold (hot) bridge of a column, beam or shear wall; the wall panel (2) serves as all or part of a side non-dismantling formwork at the junction with the column or shear wall; the top surface of the wall panel (2) serves as all or part of a beam bottom non-dismantling formwork; and the common formwork (3) serves only as a filling part of the enclosed panel.

[0068] The insulation board (1) further comprises a first pouring and anchoring space (11), and the wall board (2) further comprises a second pouring and anchoring space (22);

[0069] The insulation board (1) and the first casting and anchoring space (11), the wall board (2) and the second casting and anchoring space (22), and the common formwork (3) together enclose a space that can be cast as a whole.

[0070] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the first casting anchoring space (11) is composed of a first anchoring hole (111) pre-drilled on the insulation board (1) and a first anchoring nail (112) placed in the first anchoring hole (111) and clamped on both sides of the insulation board (1);

[0071] like Fig. 9 As shown, the first anchor hole (111) is a cylindrical space that penetrates the insulation board (1), and a coaxial circular concave surface (1111) having a diameter larger than that of the first anchor hole (111) is dug out on the outside. The purpose of digging out the coaxial circular concave surface (1111) is to facilitate leveling of the anchor hole position during later plastering of the wall and to weaken the heat transfer capacity of the cold (hot) bridge at the position;

[0072] The first anchor (112) comprises a blocking piece (1121), a fixing rod (1122), and a main rod (1123); the main rod (1123) is fixed on the center of the blocking piece (1121); the main rod (1123) is made of steel bolts; the fixing rod (1122) is made of cold-drawn wire by bending; the blocking piece (1121) is made of round iron sheet; and the main rod (1123) is welded to the blocking piece (1121);

[0073] The blocking piece (1121) is provided with a first exhaust hole (1124), which is located directly above the blocking piece (1121) after being fixed, so as to prevent the air in the first pouring anchoring space (11) from being completely exhausted during pouring;

[0074] The blocking piece (1121) is attached to the coaxial circular concave surface (1111) of the insulation board (1); the fixing rod (1122) is screwed to the main rod (1123) via its own nut and is fixed against the inner side of the insulation board (1); the protruding part of the main rod (1123) can be welded and fixed to the steel mesh cage of the column to increase the firmness.

[0075] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the second casting anchoring space (22) is composed of a second anchoring hole (221) pre-drilled at the top where the wall panel (2) meets the bottom of the beam and a second anchor nail (222) implanted in the second anchoring hole (221);

[0076] The second anchor hole (221) is pre-drilled with a second exhaust hole (2211) opened on the inner side of the wall panel (2); the second exhaust hole (2211) is connected to the bottom of the second anchor hole (221), and the angle with the horizontal plane is 0°≤<90°, so as to avoid the difficulty of sealing during pouring and continuous slurry flow to form an unreal structure;

[0077] The second anchor (222) includes 4 branch rods (2221) and a main rod (2222), the main rod (2222) is made of threaded steel segments, and the branch rods (2221) are made of cold-drawn wires. Preferably, the branch rods (2221) form a 45° acute angle with the main rod (2222), and are divided into two groups of barbed crosses that are evenly spaced and fixed on the main rod (2222) circumferentially, one group is welded to one end of the main rod (2222) and flush with the end of the main rod (2222), and the other group is welded and fixed at a certain distance to ensure a stronger anchor after pouring. The end of the branch rod (2221) is at an equal vertical distance from the axis of the main rod (2222) to facilitate standardized installation and avoid jamming, and is implanted into the second anchor hole (221) after the wall panel (2) is fixed on the formwork.

[0078] like Figure 5 As shown, the third casting and anchoring space (23) is composed of a third anchoring hole (231) pre-drilled at the bottom where the wall panel (2) meets the lower beam and a third anchor (232) cast in advance in the lower beam;

[0079] The third anchor hole (231) is pre-drilled with a grouting hole (2311) opened on the inner side of the wall panel (2); the grouting hole (2311) is connected to the bottom of the third anchor hole (232), and the angle with the horizontal plane is 0°≤<90°, which ensures that air can be fully discharged during grouting and avoids the formation of a cavity on the upper part of the third anchor hole (231) to weaken the anchoring firmness;

[0080] The third anchor (232) has the same structure as the second anchor (222) and is pre-welded to the upper part of the steel mesh cage of the ground beam (lower beam), and the anchor is vertically upward. The distance between the first anchor and the control line of the column outer edge is half the width of the wall panel (2). After the column and the ground beam (lower beam) are cast, the portion of the third anchor (232) exposed from the ground beam (lower beam) is not larger than the size of the third anchor hole (231).

[0081] The present invention provides a method for constructing a castable structure, which is characterized by comprising the castable structure and the following steps:

[0082] Step S1: Before pouring the foundation, a plurality of the third anchors (232) are vertically welded in a straight line at the same height at the upper position of the steel mesh cage. The vertical depth refers to the length of the anchor in the ground beam after pouring, and the length required to be inserted into the third anchor hole (232) is reserved according to the technical solution. The number and the horizontal and vertical positions correspond one-to-one to the third anchor hole (232).

[0083] Step S2: Install foundation formwork and pour concrete;

[0084] Step S3: Figure 6 As shown, tie up a layer of column steel mesh cages and mark the control line of the formwork support of the first floor of the house;

[0085] Step S4: Figure 3 The insulation board (1) is pre-treated as shown in Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the wall panel (2) is pre-treated.

[0086] The step S4 specifically comprises: before supporting the formwork, pre-drilling the first anchor hole (111) and digging the coaxial circular concave surface (1111) on the insulation board (1) perpendicular to the wide surface of the insulation board (1);

[0087] The pretreatment of the wall panel (2) should take into account the template control line of the side with the tenon close to the column when the first piece is installed, and the inner and outer surfaces of the wall panel (2) when installed are planned accordingly. The second anchor hole (221) is drilled on the top surface of the upper end of the wall panel (2) perpendicular to the top surface, and the third anchor hole (231) is drilled on the bottom surface of the lower end perpendicular to the bottom surface;

[0088] The third anchor holes (231) correspond one-to-one to the third anchor nails (232);

[0089] A second exhaust hole (2211) is drilled from the side of the second anchor hole (221) of the wall panel (2) at an angle of 0°≤the angle with the horizontal plane<90° for exhaust during pouring, and a grouting hole (2311) is drilled from the side of the third anchor hole (231) at an angle of 0°≤the angle with the horizontal plane<90° for separate grouting of the third pouring anchoring space (23).

[0090] Step S5: Figure 7 As shown, the insulation board (1) is used as the outer side formwork of the exterior wall column and beam, the wall panel (2) is used as all or part of the side non-removal formwork connecting the column or shear wall, and the wall panel (2) is used as all or part of the non-removal formwork at the bottom of the beam, and is combined with the ordinary formwork (3) to complete the construction of the entire formwork. During the construction process, the first anchor (112) and the second anchor (222) are installed synchronously, the third anchor (232) is inserted into the third anchor hole (231), and the main rod (1123) of the first anchor (112) on the insulation board (1) of the column that extends into the column formwork is tied or welded to the steel mesh cage of the column.

[0091] The step S5 specifically comprises: after the first anchor nail (112) is installed on the insulation board (1) and clamped and fixed, it is installed as a template for the cold (hot) bridge part of the column and temporarily supported, and then the common template (3) is installed at a position that does not require insulation, and also temporarily supported or fixed, and an opening on the side of the column is reserved, and the wall panel (2) is used as a template to enclose the opening later, and is used as a cleaning opening of the column template before enclosing;

[0092] First install the upper and lower column hoops, and temporarily fix them with scaffolding pipes and racks, and gradually install the remaining column hoops (tension screws), correct the axis displacement, vertical deviation, section, diagonal of the column formwork, and provide support. At this time, the type and installation method of the column hoop should avoid affecting the opening on the side of the column;

[0093] The portion of the main rod (1123) of the first anchor (112) extending into the formwork is tied or welded to the steel mesh cage of the column;

[0094] The side with the tenon of the first wall panel (2) is aligned parallel to the column formwork, and the distance between the outer side and the beam control line is equal to the thickness of one insulation board (1). The opening is blocked, and the third anchor hole (232) at the bottom is inserted into the third anchor nail (232) cast in advance in the ground beam to provide temporary support or fixation. The panels are installed in this way until the side of the next column. At this time, the side with the tenon of the first wall panel (2) becomes all or part of the column side formwork, and the side without the tenon of the last wall panel (2) becomes all or part of the next column side formwork, and the top surface becomes all or part of the bottom formwork of the beam. The insulation board (1) is placed horizontally and flushly on the outer side of the upper end surface of the wall panel (2) to become the outer side formwork of the beam. The other parts that cannot be enclosed are installed and filled by the common formwork (3), and temporary support and fixation are provided.

[0095] Install the tension screws step by step, correct the axis displacement and vertical deviation of the template, and fix it with oblique support;

[0096] The second anchor nail (222) is implanted in the second anchor hole (221) at the top end of the wall panel (2), and the first anchor nail (112) is installed in the first anchor hole (111) on the insulation board (1) outside the beam;

[0097] If the design has shear walls, refer to the above-mentioned method of column formwork construction;

[0098] Install the layer panel formwork: After the full frame is built according to the template design requirements, adjust the elevation of the upper support and the height of the arch (3‰) according to the given horizontal line, support the large and small keels under the board according to the template design requirements, and the spacing must meet the template design requirements. Lay the ordinary formwork (3) to ensure the tightness of the template joints, squeeze the sealing strips at the ends of the two adjacent ordinary formworks (3), and scrape off the protruding parts. After laying, use a ruler, feeler gauge and level to check the flatness and layer panel elevation, and make corrections, and clean up the debris in the template.

[0099] Step S6: Figure 7 As shown, the steel mesh cages of the beam and the layer panel are tied, the main rod (1123) of the first anchor (112) on the insulation board (1) of the beam is partially tied or welded to the steel mesh cage of the beam, the second anchor (222) is extended into one end of the beam steel mesh cage and is completely tied or welded to the adjacent beam steel mesh cage, and the third anchor (232) is welded again at a predetermined design position on the upper part of the steel mesh cage of the beam to be cast.

[0100] Step S7: performing integral casting of a castable structure of a building layer, and when observing that the first exhaust hole (1124) and the second exhaust hole (2211) begin to flow slurry, closing them with small wooden wedges;

[0101] Step S8: the third pouring and anchoring space (23) is separately grouting and anchoring;

[0102] Step S9: removing a layer of the common template (3);

[0103] Step S10: Repeat the above steps until the construction of each layer of castable structure in the process of building the house is completed.

[0104] The construction method constructs a castable structure enclosed by an insulation board, a wall panel and a common formwork, and realizes the integrated casting and simultaneous implementation of the installation and anchoring of the insulation board and the wall panel and the main structure of the house.

[0105] The embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention. The embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the embodiments of the present invention to be only the only specific implementation method. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes the embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is only limited by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A castable structure, comprising an insulation board (1) and a common formwork (3), characterized in that: Also includes a wall panel (2); The insulation board (1) serves as a non-dismantling formwork at the cold (hot) bridge of a column, beam or shear wall; the wall panel (2) serves as all or part of a side non-dismantling formwork at the junction with the column or shear wall; the top surface of the wall panel (2) serves as all or part of a beam bottom non-dismantling formwork; and the common formwork (3) serves only as a filling part of the enclosed panel.

2. The castable structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulation board (1) further comprises a first pouring and anchoring space (11), and the wall board (2) further comprises a second pouring and anchoring space (22); The insulation board (1) and the first casting and anchoring space (11), the wall board (2) and the second casting and anchoring space (22), and the common formwork (3) together enclose a structure that can be cast in one piece.

3. The castable structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first casting anchoring space (11) is composed of a first anchoring hole (111) pre-drilled on the insulation board (1) and a first anchoring nail (112) placed in the first anchoring hole (111) and clamped on both sides of the insulation board (1); The first anchor hole (111) is a cylindrical space that penetrates the thermal insulation board (1), and a coaxial circular concave surface (1111) having a diameter greater than that of the first anchor hole (111) is excavated on the outside.

4. The castable structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first anchor (112) comprises a blocking piece (1121), a fixing rod (1122), and a main rod (1123), wherein the main rod (1123) is fixed on the center of the blocking piece (1121); The blocking piece (1121) is provided with a first exhaust hole (1124); The blocking piece (1121) is attached to the coaxial circular concave surface (1111) on the outer side of the insulation board (1), the fixing rod (1122) is screwed and connected to the main rod (1123) through its own nut, and is pressed against the inner side of the insulation board (1) for fixing, and the protruding part of the main rod (1123) can be fixed on the steel mesh cage of the column; After the first anchor nail (112) is fixed, the first exhaust hole (1124) is located directly above the blocking piece (1121).

5. The castable structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second casting anchoring space (22) is composed of a second anchoring hole (221) pre-drilled at the top where the wallboard (2) meets the bottom of the beam and a second anchor nail (222) implanted in the second anchoring hole (221); The second anchor hole (221) is pre-drilled with a second exhaust hole (2211) opened on the side of the wall panel (2), and the second exhaust hole (2211) is communicated with the bottom of the second anchor hole (221); The second anchor (222) comprises a branch rod (2221) and a main rod (2222); the branch rod (2221) is circumferentially fixed to the main rod (2222) and is implanted in the second anchor hole (221) after the wall panel (2) is fixed by formwork.

6. The castable structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes a third pouring and anchoring space (23) on the wall panel (2) which is grouted separately; The third casting and anchoring space (23) is composed of a third anchoring hole (231) pre-drilled at the bottom where the wall panel (2) meets the lower beam and a third anchor nail (232) cast in advance in the lower beam; The third anchor hole (231) is pre-drilled with a grouting hole (2311) opened on the side of the wallboard (2), and the grouting hole (2311) is communicated with the bottom of the third anchor hole (232); The third anchor (232) has the same structure as the second anchor (222) and is cast in advance in the lower beam.

7. A method for constructing a castable structure, characterized in that: The method comprises the structure of claim 1, further comprising the following steps: Step S1: Before foundation pouring, a plurality of the third anchors (232) are vertically welded in a straight line at the same height at the upper position of the steel mesh cage. The vertical depth refers to the length of the anchor in the ground beam after pouring, and the length required to be inserted into the third anchor hole (232) is reserved according to the technical solution. The number and the horizontal and vertical positions correspond to the third anchor hole (232) one by one. ; Step S2: Install foundation formwork and pour concrete; Step S3: Tie up a layer of column steel mesh cages and mark the control line of the formwork for the first layer of the building; Step S4: pre-treating the thermal insulation board (1) and the wall board (2); Step S5: the insulation board (1) is used as the outer side formwork of the columns, shear walls and beams of the exterior wall, the wall panel (2) is used as all or part of the side non-removal formwork intersecting with the column or shear wall, the wall panel (2) is used as all or part of the non-removal formwork at the bottom of the beam, and is combined with the ordinary formwork (3) to complete the construction of all formworks. During the construction process, the first anchor (112) and the second anchor (222) are installed synchronously, the third anchor (232) is inserted into the third anchor hole (231), and the main rod (1123) of the first anchor (112) on the insulation board (1) of the column formwork is tied or welded to the steel mesh cage of the column. Step S6: tying the steel mesh cages of the beam and the layer panel, the main rod (1123) of the first anchor (112) on the insulation board (1) of the beam is partially tied or welded to the steel mesh cage of the beam, one end of the second anchor (222) that is inserted into the beam steel mesh cage is completely tied or welded to the adjacent beam steel mesh cage, and the third anchor (232) is welded again at a predetermined design position on the upper part of the steel mesh cage of the beam to be cast; Step S7: performing integral casting of a castable structure of a building layer, and when observing that the first exhaust hole (1124) and the second exhaust hole (2211) begin to flow slurry, closing them with small wooden wedges; Step S8: the third pouring and anchoring space (23) is separately grouting and anchoring; Step S9: removing a layer of the common template (3); Step S10: Repeat the above steps until the construction of each layer of castable structure in the process of building the house is completed.

8. The method for constructing a castable structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step S4 specifically comprises: before supporting the formwork, pre-drilling the first anchor hole (111) and digging the coaxial circular concave surface (1111) on the insulation board (1) perpendicular to the lateral side of the insulation board (1); The pretreatment of the wall panel (2) should take into account the template control line of the side with the tenon close to the column when the first piece is installed, and the inner and outer surfaces of the wall panel (2) when installed are planned accordingly. The second anchor hole (221) is drilled on the top surface of the upper end of the wall panel (2) perpendicular to the top surface, and the third anchor hole (231) is drilled on the bottom surface of the lower end perpendicular to the bottom surface; The third anchor holes (231) correspond one-to-one to the third anchor nails (232); A second exhaust hole (2211) is drilled from the side of the second anchor hole (221) of the wall panel (2) at an angle of 0°≤the angle with the horizontal plane<90° for exhaust during pouring, and a grouting hole (2311) is drilled from the side of the third anchor hole (231) at an angle of 0°≤the angle with the horizontal plane<90° for separate grouting of the third pouring anchoring space (23).

9. The method for constructing a castable structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step S5 specifically comprises: the insulation board (1) is installed with the first anchor nail (112), and after being clamped and fixed, it is installed as a template for the cold (hot) bridge part of the column, and a temporary support is provided, and then the ordinary template (3) is installed at a position where insulation is not required, and a temporary support or fixation is also provided, and at the same time, an opening on the side of the column is reserved, and the side of the wall panel (2) is used as a template to enclose the opening, and before the enclosure, it is used as a cleaning port for the column template; Correct the axis displacement, vertical deviation, section, diagonal of the column formwork and provide support. At this time, the type and installation method of the column hoop should avoid affecting the opening on the side of the column; After the correction and fixation is completed, the portion of the main rod (1123) of the first anchor (112) extending into the formwork is tied or welded to the steel mesh cage of the column; The side with the tenon of the first wall panel (2) is aligned parallel to the column formwork, and the distance between the outer side and the beam control line is equal to the thickness of one insulation board (1). The opening is blocked, and the third anchor hole (232) at the bottom is inserted into the third anchor nail (232) cast in advance in the ground beam to temporarily support or fix the first wall panel (2). The panels are installed in this way until the side of the next column. At this time, the side with the tenon of the first wall panel (2) becomes all or part of the column side formwork, and the side without the tenon of the last wall panel (2) becomes all or part of the next column side formwork, and the top surface becomes all or part of the bottom formwork of the beam. The insulation board (1) is placed horizontally and flushly on the outer side of the upper end surface of the wall panel (2) to become the outer side formwork of the beam. The other parts that cannot be enclosed are installed and filled by the common formwork (3), and temporary support and fixation are performed. Install the tension screws step by step, correct the axis displacement and vertical deviation of the template, and fix it with oblique support; The second anchor nail (222) is implanted in the second anchor hole (221) at the top end of the wall panel (2), and the first anchor nail (112) is installed in the first anchor hole (111) on the insulation board (1) outside the beam; If the design has shear walls, refer to the above-mentioned method of column formwork construction; Install the layer panel formwork: After the full frame is built according to the template design requirements, adjust the elevation of the upper support and the height of the arch according to the given horizontal plane, support the large and small keels under the board according to the template design requirements, and lay the ordinary formwork (3). After laying, use a ruler, feeler gauge and level to check the flatness and layer panel elevation, and make corrections, and clean up the debris in the template.

10. The method for constructing a castable structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The construction method constructs a castable structure enclosed by an insulation board, a wall panel and a common formwork, and realizes the integrated casting and simultaneous implementation of the installation and anchoring of the insulation board and the wall panel and the main structure of the house.

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