Tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization method

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization, comprising the following steps: S01: dividing a tailings storage area into a plurality of recovery areas according to preset standards, and selecting a tailings dam area on one side of a mountain; S02: laying out tailings pretreatment equipment and tailings screening equipment; S03: transferring tailings to the tailings pretreatment equipment for crushing; S04: conveying the crushed tailings to the tailings screening equipment for screening, transferring the discharged tailings to the tailings dam area, and forming a stepped tailings dam on one side of the mountain, and laying out a drainage pipe downward from the tailings dam; S05: constructing a stepped reinforcement layer on the surface of the tailings dam; S06: laying an anchor cable assembly from the reinforcement layer into the mountain to tighten the reinforcement layer; S07: constructing a topsoil layer on the surface of the reinforcement layer for planting vegetation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tailings recovery, and in particular to a method for recovering tailings and reinforcing and utilizing a tailings accumulation dam. Background Art

[0002] Tailings ponds are used to pile up waste from mineral processing production, which are also called tailings. During one screening, there are still components in the tailings that have not been screened out or the degree of separation is not enough, which is easy to cause waste. Therefore, in the prior art, the tailings will be mined to recover the metals, tailings, etc. that have been screened out and have utilization value. When the tailings are mined, the tailings need to be transferred from one area to another, for example, an area close to the mountain, so that the tailings can be piled up in a step-like shape on one side of the mountain. In the prior art, the problem of reinforcing and utilizing the tailings dam piled on one side of the mountain has not been considered, for example, the Chinese invention patents with publication numbers CN103967495A and CN103967496A.

[0003] Tailings dams are made of loose tailings particles and powder. If they are not reinforced, they are prone to landslides. Since tailings particles and powder do not contain nutrients that plants can absorb, they cannot be directly planted on the tailings dams, which will lead to a large area of ​​the tailings dam surface being barren and wasted, and the exposed surface is prone to sandstorms.

[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a method for tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization, which can reinforce and utilize the tailings dam along with the tailings recovery. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization. As the tailings are recovered, a tailings dam is gradually formed on one side of the mountain, and a reinforcement layer is constructed on the surface of the tailings dam for reinforcement, and then a topsoil layer is constructed on the surface of the reinforcement layer for planting vegetation, thereby overcoming the problems of easy landslides, surface waste, and sandstorms in existing tailings dams.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention provides a method for tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S01: Divide the tailings storage area into multiple mining areas according to preset standards, and select a tailings dam area on one side of the mountain;

[0008] S02: Arrange tailings pretreatment equipment and tailings screening equipment between the tailings storage area and the tailings dam area;

[0009] S03: transferring the tailings in the mining area to the tailings pretreatment equipment for crushing according to a preset order;

[0010] S04: conveying the crushed tailings to the tailings screening equipment for screening, recovering the screened metals, transferring the discharged tailings to the tailings dam area, and forming a stepped tailings dam on one side of the mountain, and arranging drainage pipes downward on the top surface of the dam steps of the tailings dam;

[0011] S05: constructing a stepped reinforcement layer on the surface of the tailings dam;

[0012] S06: after the reinforcement layer solidifies, multiple sets of anchor cable assemblies are laid from the reinforcement layer into the mountain to tighten the reinforcement layer;

[0013] S07: Constructing a topsoil layer for planting vegetation on the surface of the reinforcement layer.

[0014] In one of the optional technical solutions, step S06 also includes: laying the anchor cable assembly from the reinforcement layer step slope of the reinforcement layer step of the reinforcement layer toward the mountain, and the reinforcement layer step slope of each reinforcement layer step is tightened to the mountain through the anchor cable assembly.

[0015] In one of the optional technical solutions, the anchor cable assembly includes a flange, an anchor cable and a flexible metal sleeve, the metal sleeve and the head end of the anchor cable are respectively fixedly connected to the flange, the anchor cable passes through the metal sleeve, the tail end of the anchor cable extends out of the tail end of the metal sleeve, a grouting channel is formed between the metal sleeve and the anchor cable, and the flange is provided with a grouting flow channel connected to the grouting channel;

[0016] Step S06 also includes:

[0017] Drilling a borehole from the reinforcement layer to the mountain, laying the anchor cable and the metal casing into the borehole, and the tail ends of the anchor cable and the metal casing respectively enter the borehole of the mountain;

[0018] Fixing the flange on the surface of the reinforcement layer;

[0019] Using grouting equipment to inject grout into the grouting flow channel and the grouting channel, so that the grout enters the drilled hole in the mountain;

[0020] After a preset time, the grouting is stopped, and after the slurry solidifies, the tail end of the anchor cable is anchored to the mountain.

[0021] In one of the optional technical solutions, a plurality of anchoring protrusions are provided at intervals at the tail end of the anchor cable, and the anchoring protrusions are anchored in the drill hole in the mountain.

[0022] In one of the optional technical solutions, step S05 further includes:

[0023] A reinforcement layer boss for mounting the flange is provided on the reinforcement layer step slope of each reinforcement layer step of the reinforcement layer, the top surface of the reinforcement layer boss is the boss plane, and the side surface of the reinforcement layer boss is the boss elevation;

[0024] Step S06 also includes:

[0025] Drilling the borehole from the boss facade to the mountain;

[0026] The flange is attached to and fixed on the boss facade.

[0027] In one of the optional technical solutions, the anchor cable assembly passes through the drain pipe;

[0028] Step S06 also includes: arranging a tensioning mechanism above the reinforcement layer, wherein a tensioning cable of the tensioning mechanism extends into the drainage pipe and is connected to the anchor cable assembly to tighten the anchor cable assembly.

[0029] In one of the optional technical solutions, step S06 also includes: arranging multiple sets of the tensioning mechanisms above the reinforcement layer, the cables of each set of the tensioning mechanisms are connected to a set of the anchor cable assemblies, and each set of the tensioning mechanisms is used to tighten a set of the anchor cable assemblies.

[0030] In one of the optional technical solutions, step S04 further includes: the drainage pipe is arranged downward on the top surface of each of the dam steps;

[0031] Step S06 also includes: arranging a set of the tensioning mechanism above each of the drainage pipes;

[0032] The pulling cable of the tensioning mechanism is connected to and tightened with the only set of the anchor cable assembly passing through the drain pipe, or is connected to and tightened with the uppermost set of the anchor cable assembly among the multiple sets of the anchor cable assemblies passing through the drain pipe.

[0033] In one of the optional technical solutions, the tensioning mechanism includes a fixed pulley and a configuration suspended above the reinforcement layer;

[0034] The cable is turned through the fixed pulley, the configuration object is connected to one end of the cable, and the other end of the cable extends into the drain pipe and is connected to the anchor cable assembly.

[0035] In one of the optional technical solutions, step S04 further includes:

[0036] The top pipe opening of the drainage pipe is sealed by a plugging cover;

[0037] Step S05 also includes:

[0038] When constructing the reinforcement layer, the top surface of the plugging cover is exposed, and the plugging cover is removed before the reinforcement layer is completely solidified to expose the top pipe opening of the drainage pipe.

[0039] The above technical solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] The tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization method provided by the present invention gradually forms a tailings dam on one side of the mountain as the tailings are recovered, and a reinforcement layer is constructed on the surface of the tailings dam for reinforcement, and then the reinforcement layer and the mountain are tightened by an anchor cable assembly, and finally a topsoil layer is constructed on the surface of the reinforcement layer for planting vegetation, thereby realizing the reinforcement and utilization of the tailings dam, thereby overcoming the problems of easy landslide, surface waste, and sandstorms in existing tailings dams.

[0041] In order to prevent the anchor cable assembly from loosening in the tailings dam, a tensioning mechanism is arranged on the top of the reinforcement layer. The tensioning mechanism is arranged corresponding to the drain pipe. The anchor cable assembly passes through the drain pipe, and the tensioning cable of the tensioning mechanism is extended into the drain pipe and connected to the passing anchor cable assembly. The anchor cable assembly is tightened by the tensioning cable to maintain the tension of the anchor cable so as to firmly fix the reinforcement layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] The disclosure of the present invention will become more easily understood with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these drawings are only for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0043] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the layout of a method for tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a drainage pipe arranged downward on the top surface of the step of the tailings dam;

[0045] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the top pipe opening of the drainage pipe being blocked by a plugging cover;

[0046] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of exposing the top surface of the plugging cover when constructing the reinforcement layer;

[0047] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of drilling a borehole from the reinforcement layer into the mountain;

[0048] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of laying anchor cable assemblies from the reinforcement layer into the mountain;

[0049] Figure 7A schematic diagram of arranging a tensioning mechanism above the reinforcement layer and tightening the anchor cable assembly through the cable of the tensioning mechanism;

[0050] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of constructing a topsoil layer on the surface of the reinforcement layer;

[0051] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the tensioning mechanism, the drainage pipe and the anchor cable assembly;

[0052] Fig.10 is a cross-sectional view of an anchor cable assembly;

[0053] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the head ends of the metal casing and the anchor cable being fixedly connected to the flange respectively;

[0054] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of an anchor cable passing through a metal casing, with the tail end of the anchor cable extending out of the tail end of the metal casing;

[0055] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of fixing the flange on the boss facade of the reinforcement layer boss and injecting grout into the grouting flow channel and the grouting channel;

[0056] Fig.14 This is a schematic diagram of the slurry flowing out of the grouting channel into the drilled hole in the mountain to anchor the tail end of the anchor cable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The same components are represented by the same reference numerals. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the accompanying drawings, and the words "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0058] like Figure 1-8 As shown, a method for tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization provided by an embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0059] S01: Divide the tailings storage area 100 into multiple mining areas according to preset standards, and select a tailings dam area 400 on one side of the mountain.

[0060] S02: Tailings pretreatment equipment 200 and tailings screening equipment 300 are arranged between the tailings storage area 100 and the tailings dam area 400 .

[0061] S03: Transfer the tailings in the mining area to the tailings pretreatment equipment 200 for crushing according to a preset sequence.

[0062] S04: The crushed tailings are transported to the tailings screening equipment 300 for screening, the screened metals are recovered, the discharged tailings are transferred to the tailings dam area 400, and a stepped tailings dam 1 is formed on one side of the mountain, and a drainage pipe 2 is arranged downward on the top surface 111 of the dam step 11 of the tailings dam 1.

[0063] S05: Constructing a stepped reinforcement layer 3 on the surface of the tailings dam 1 .

[0064] S06: After the reinforcement layer 3 solidifies, multiple sets of anchor cable assemblies 5 are laid from the reinforcement layer 3 into the mountain to tighten the reinforcement layer 3. S07: A topsoil layer 7 for planting vegetation is constructed on the surface of the reinforcement layer 3.

[0065] The tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization method provided by the present invention gradually forms a tailings dam 1 on one side of the mountain as the tailings are recovered, and a reinforcement layer 3 is constructed on the surface of the tailings dam 1 for reinforcement, and then the reinforcement layer 3 and the mountain are tightened by an anchor cable assembly 5 to fix the reinforcement layer 3, and finally a topsoil layer 7 is constructed on the surface of the reinforcement layer 3 for planting vegetation, thereby realizing the reinforcement and utilization of the tailings dam 1, thereby overcoming the problems of easy landslides, surface waste, and sandstorms in existing tailings dams.

[0066] Specifically, the tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization method provided by the present invention includes a tailings recovery step and a tailings dam reinforcement and utilization step, specifically including:

[0067] In the first step, the tailings storage area 100 is divided into a plurality of mining areas according to preset standards, for example, mining area No. 1, mining area No. 2, mining area No. 3, etc. During mining, each mining area is mined in sequence according to the order of the divided mining areas. When mining each mining area, an excavator is used to dig and transport the tailings in order from top to bottom.

[0068] After the tailings storage area 100 is divided into zones, the volume of the tailings is estimated, and then a tailings accumulation dam area 400 is selected on one side of the mountain to accumulate the tailings after mining and screening. The mountain provides support for the tailings and determines the maximum height of the tailings accumulation.

[0069] In the second step, tailings pretreatment equipment 200, tailings screening equipment 300, etc. are arranged between the tailings storage area 100 and the tailings accumulation dam area 400. The tailings pretreatment equipment 200 can use a crusher, etc. to further crush the tailings for subsequent screening and recovery of the tailings. The tailings screening equipment 300 can use a vibrating screen device, a flotation device, etc., to screen out useful metal ores from the tailings, such as copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, etc. Of course, there is no need to separately arrange tailings pretreatment equipment 200, tailings screening equipment 300, etc., but directly transport the tailings back to the tailings screening plant for secondary screening. The tailings pretreatment equipment 200, tailings screening equipment 300 and other equipment and their processes belong to the content of the prior art and will not be repeated here.

[0070] The third step is to transfer the tailings in the mining area to the tailings pretreatment equipment 200 for crushing according to a preset sequence.

[0071] In the fourth step, the crushed tailings are transported to the tailings screening equipment 300 for screening, and the screened metals are recovered.

[0072] The discharged tailings are then transferred to the tailings dam area 400, thereby forming a stepped tailings dam 1 on one side of the mountain. The tailings dam 1 has a plurality of dam steps 11, and the plurality of dam steps 11 are arranged in sequence from low to high along the direction gradually approaching the mountain. The dam step 11 has a dam step top surface 111 and a dam step slope 112, and the dam step top surface 111 can be regarded as a horizontal plane or a horizontal flat surface, and the dam step slope 112 is on the side of the tailings dam 1 facing away from the mountain. Along the direction gradually approaching the mountain, the dam step slope 112 is gradually tilted from bottom to top. The dam step slope 112 is arranged between the dam step top surfaces 111 of two dam steps 11.

[0073] A drainage pipe 2 is arranged downward on the top surface 111 of the dam step 11 of the tailings dam 1 to collect water flowing out of the tailings. The top pipe opening of the drainage pipe 2 is located on the top surface 111 of the dam step. The water in the drainage pipe 2 can be pumped out by a water pump and a drainage pipe. As needed, a plurality of through holes can be opened on the pipe wall of the drainage pipe 2, and a filter screen is provided at the opening of the through hole to facilitate water to enter the drainage pipe.

[0074] The fifth step is to construct a stepped reinforcement layer 3 on the surface of the tailings dam 1 after the surface of the tailings dam 1 is arranged. When forming the reinforcement layer 3, the top pipe opening of the drainage pipe 2 should be reserved.

[0075] The reinforcement layer 3 can be a concrete reinforcement layer. Specifically, a template is set on the surface edge of the tailings dam 1, and then concrete slurry is poured into the template. After the concrete slurry solidifies, a solid reinforcement layer 3 is formed. The thickness of the reinforcement layer 3 can be set as needed. The reinforcement layer 3 covers all the dam steps 11 of the tailings dam 1, the reinforcement layer 3 covers the entire top surface 111 of the lowest dam step, and the reinforcement layer 3 covers part or all of the top surface 111 of the highest dam step.

[0076] The reinforcement layer 3 is also stepped, and has a plurality of reinforcement layer steps 31, each reinforcement layer step 31 covering the outside of a dam step 11. The reinforcement layer step 31 has a reinforcement layer step top surface 311 and a reinforcement layer step slope 312, the reinforcement layer step top surface 311 of the reinforcement layer step 31 covers above the dam step top surface 111 of the dam step 11, and the reinforcement layer step slope 312 of the reinforcement layer step 31 covers the outside of the dam step slope 112 of the dam step 11.

[0077] In the sixth step, after the reinforcement layer 3 solidifies, multiple sets of anchor cable assemblies 5 are laid from the reinforcement layer 3 into the mountain. The head end of the anchor cable assembly 5 is fixed to the reinforcement layer 3, and the tail end of the anchor cable assembly 5 is fixed in the mountain to tighten the reinforcement layer 3. Multiple sets of anchor cable assemblies 5 are arranged at intervals along the direction of each reinforcement layer step 31, and are also arranged at intervals along the reinforcement layer steps 31 of the upper and lower layers.

[0078] The seventh step is to construct a topsoil layer 7 on the surface of the reinforcement layer 3. The topsoil layer 7 can be taken from the surrounding area of ​​the mining area or transferred from elsewhere, and laid on the reinforcement layer 3 for planting vegetation to fully utilize the surface of the tailings dam 1.

[0079] In one embodiment, if Figure 5-6 As shown, step S06 also includes: laying anchor cable assemblies 5 from the reinforcement layer step slope 312 of the reinforcement layer step 31 of the reinforcement layer 3 toward the mountain, and the reinforcement layer step slope 312 of each reinforcement layer step 31 is tightened to the mountain through the anchor cable assemblies 5, and in the up and down directions, each reinforcement layer step 31 is tightened to the mountain through a group of anchor cable assemblies 5, further improving the effect of fixing the reinforcement layer 3 on the surface of the tailings dam 1.

[0080] In one embodiment, if Figure 10-14 As shown, the anchor cable assembly 5 includes a flange 51, an anchor cable 52 and a flexible metal sleeve 53. The head ends of the metal sleeve 53 and the anchor cable 52 are fixedly connected to the flange 51 respectively. The anchor cable 52 passes through the metal sleeve 53. The tail end of the anchor cable 52 extends out of the tail end of the metal sleeve 53. A grouting channel 54 is formed between the metal sleeve 53 and the anchor cable 52. A grouting flow channel 511 connected to the grouting channel 54 is provided on the flange 51.

[0081] Step S06 also includes:

[0082] Drill a borehole 4 from the reinforcement layer 3 to the mountain, lay an anchor cable 52 and a metal casing 53 into the borehole 4, and the tail ends of the anchor cable 52 and the metal casing 53 respectively enter the borehole 4 of the mountain;

[0083] Fixing the flange 51 on the surface of the reinforcement layer 3;

[0084] Grouting is injected into the grouting channel 511 and the grouting passage 54 by using grouting equipment, and the grout enters the borehole 4 of the mountain;

[0085] After a preset time, the grouting is stopped, and after the slurry 8 solidifies, the tail end of the anchor cable 52 is anchored to the mountain.

[0086] In this embodiment, the anchor cable assembly 5 has a grouting function to enhance the anchoring ability with the mountain.

[0087] The anchor cable assembly 5 comprises a flange 51, an anchor cable 52 and a flexible metal sleeve 53. The flange 51 has a grouting channel 511, and the outlet of the grouting channel 511 facing the anchor cable 52 is an annular opening. The anchor cable 52 is arranged concentrically with the flange 51, and its head end is fixedly connected to the flange 51. The radius of the metal sleeve 53 is greater than the radius of the anchor cable 52, and the length of the metal sleeve 53 is less than the length of the anchor cable 52. The metal sleeve 53 is sleeved on the anchor cable 52, and the head end of the metal sleeve 53 is fixedly connected to the flange 51, and the tail end of the anchor cable 52 extends out of the tail end of the metal sleeve 53. The metal sleeve 53 is a flexible sleeve, which can be bent with the anchor cable 52. A grouting channel 54 is formed between the metal sleeve 53 and the anchor cable 52, and the grouting channel 54 is annular. The annular inlet of the grouting channel 54 is butted with the annular outlet of the grouting channel 511. The annular outlet of the grouting channel 54 is at its tail end.

[0088] When laying the anchor cable assembly 5, it is necessary to first drill a borehole 4 from the reinforcement layer 3 to the mountain body, and the borehole 4 is drilled into the mountain body. The anchor cable 52 and the metal casing 53 are extended into the borehole 4, and the tail ends of the anchor cable 52 and the metal casing 53 are respectively extended into the borehole 4 of the mountain body. The length of the anchor cable 52 and the metal casing 53 and the length of the tail end of the anchor cable 52 extending from the tail end of the metal casing 53 can be selected as needed to ensure that the tail ends of the anchor cable 52 and the metal casing 53 are respectively extended into the borehole 4 of the mountain body by a preset length. In this way, during grouting, the slurry 8 will flow out from the annular outlet of the grouting channel 54 and flow into the borehole 4 of the mountain body to anchor the tail end of the anchor cable 52 in the borehole 4 of the mountain body. The slurry 8 can be concrete slurry.

[0089] After the anchor cable 52 and the metal sleeve 53 are arranged in place, the flange 51 is fixed to the surface of the reinforcement layer 3, which can be fixed by rivets, anchor bolts and the like.

[0090] Then, grouting equipment is used to inject grout into the grouting channel 511 , and the slurry 8 flows through the grouting channel 54 , then flows out from the annular outlet of the grouting channel 54 and enters the borehole 4 of the mountain.

[0091] After a preset time, for example, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, etc., the grouting is stopped, and the slurry 8 solidifies to form a reinforcement filling layer to anchor the tail end of the anchor cable 52 to the mountain.

[0092] In one embodiment, if Fig.10 , Fig.12 and Fig.14 As shown, a plurality of anchoring protrusions 521 are provided at intervals at the tail end of the anchor cable 52, and the anchoring protrusions 521 are anchored in the borehole 4 of the mountain, thereby improving the firmness of the anchoring between the tail end of the anchor cable 52 and the mountain.

[0093] In one embodiment, if Figure 5-9 and Fig.13 As shown, step S05 also includes:

[0094] A reinforcement layer boss 313 for mounting a flange is provided on the reinforcement layer step inclined surface 312 of each reinforcement layer step 31 of the reinforcement layer 3 . The top surface of the reinforcement layer boss 313 is a boss plane 3131 , and the side surface of the reinforcement layer boss 313 is a boss vertical surface 3132 .

[0095] Step S06 also includes:

[0096] Drilling a borehole 4 from the boss facade 3132 into the mountain;

[0097] The flange 51 is attached to and fixed on the boss vertical surface 3132 .

[0098] In this embodiment, in order to facilitate the arrangement of the drilling hole 4 and the fixing flange 51, a reinforcement layer boss 313 is provided on each reinforcement layer step slope 312, which includes a boss plane 3131 and a boss vertical surface 3132. The boss plane 3131 is the top surface of the reinforcement layer boss 313, and the boss vertical surface 3132 is the surface of the reinforcement layer boss 313 facing away from the mountain side. The boss vertical surface 3132 is arranged vertically so as to horizontally drill the drilling hole 4 and the fixing flange 51.

[0099] In one embodiment, if Figure 5-9 As shown, the anchor cable assembly 5 passes through the drain pipe 2.

[0100] Step S06 also includes: arranging a tensioning mechanism 6 above the reinforcement layer 3, and the tensioning cable 61 of the tensioning mechanism 6 extends into the drainage pipe 2 and is connected to the anchor cable assembly 5 to tighten the anchor cable assembly 5.

[0101] In this embodiment, when drilling the borehole 4, the borehole 4 passes through the wall of the drain pipe 2. When laying the anchor cable assembly 5, each set of anchor cable assembly 5 passes through the drain pipe 2. Specifically, the anchor cable 52 and the metal sleeve 53 both pass through the wall of the drain pipe 2. A section of the metal sleeve 53 is in the drain pipe 2 for connection with the tensioning mechanism 6.

[0102] Specifically, multiple drainage pipes 2 can be arranged at intervals along the direction of the dam step 11 on the tailings dam 1. Multiple sets of anchor cable assemblies 5 are arranged from the reinforcement layer step slope 312 of the reinforcement layer step 31 to the mountain. Along the direction of the reinforcement layer step 31, multiple sets of anchor cable assemblies 5 and multiple drainage pipes 2 are arranged one by one, and each set of anchor cable assemblies 5 passes through a drainage pipe 2. So that the tensioning cable 61 of the tensioning mechanism 6 arranged later can extend from the top pipe opening of the drainage pipe 2 and connect with the anchor cable assembly 5.

[0103] Compared with the mountain, the tailings dam 1 is relatively loose, and the anchoring force provided to the anchor cable assembly 5 is limited. A tensioning mechanism 6 is required to help tighten the anchor cable assembly 5.

[0104] Therefore, a plurality of tensioning mechanisms 6 are arranged above the reinforcement layer 3, and the tensioning mechanisms 6 are suspended above the reinforcement layer 3 by brackets 64. Preferably, each set of tensioning mechanisms 6 is arranged one by one corresponding to each drainage pipe 2. The fixed end (lower end) of the bracket 64 can be fixed in the reinforcement layer 3 and the tailings accumulation dam 1, and the fixed end (upper end) of the bracket 64 can also be fixed to the mountain through a connecting frame, etc. The tensioning mechanism 6 can be a combination of a tensioning cylinder and a cable 61, or a combination of a counterweight, a fixed pulley and a cable 61.

[0105] The cable 61 of the tensioning mechanism 6 is extended from the top pipe opening of the drain pipe 2 into the drain pipe 2. After one end of the cable 61 passes through the anchor cable assembly 5, one end of the cable 61 is clamped and pulled up by a clamp to hang the portion of the anchor cable assembly 5 passing through the drain pipe 2, such as the metal sleeve 53; one end of the cable 61 can also be tied to the portion of the anchor cable assembly 5 passing through the drain pipe 2, such as the metal sleeve 53, by a clamp. The tensioning mechanism 6 can pull up the cable 61 to tighten the anchor cable assembly 5, and the anchor cable assembly 5 will only be bent upward in the drain pipe 2, thereby being tightened. The through hole in the pipe wall of the drain pipe 2 plays a limiting role, so that the anchor cable assembly 5 can only be tightened horizontally in the tailings dam 1 and will not be pulled upward, which makes up for the problem that the tailings dam 1 provides limited anchoring force for the anchor cable assembly 5. After the anchor cable assembly 5 is tightened, the reinforcement layer 3 can be firmly fixed on the surface of the tailings dam 1 without landslide or displacement, thereby providing a solid foundation for the subsequent construction of the topsoil layer 7.

[0106] In one embodiment, if Figure 7-8As shown, step S06 also includes: arranging multiple sets of tensioning mechanisms 6 above the reinforcement layer 3, the cables 61 of each set of tensioning mechanisms 6 are connected to a set of anchor cable assemblies 5, and each set of tensioning mechanisms 6 is used to tighten a set of anchor cable assemblies 5, so that each set of anchor cable assemblies 5 can be tightened, further improving the effect of fixing the reinforcement layer 3 on the surface of the tailings dam 1.

[0107] In one embodiment, if Figure 2-8 As shown, step S04 also includes: a drainage pipe 2 is arranged downward on the top surface 111 of the dam step of each dam step 11.

[0108] Step S06 also includes: a tensioning mechanism 6 is arranged above each drainage pipe 2 .

[0109] The pulling rope 61 of the tensioning mechanism 6 is connected to and tightened with the only set of anchor cable assemblies 5 passing through the drain pipe 2, or is connected to and tightened with the uppermost set of anchor cable assemblies 5 among the multiple sets of anchor cable assemblies 5 passing through the drain pipe 2.

[0110] In this embodiment, each set of anchor cable assemblies 5 corresponds to a drain pipe 2, and a plurality of drain pipes 2 are arranged on the top surface 111 of each dam step. The closer the drain pipe 2 is to the mountain side, the longer it is, and the more anchor cable assemblies 5 pass through it; the farther the drain pipe 2 is from the mountain side, the shorter it is, and the fewer anchor cable assemblies 5 pass through it. Only one anchor cable assembly 5 passes through each drain pipe 2 arranged from the top surface 111 of the dam step at the edge, and so on. Multiple anchor cable assemblies 5 pass through each drain pipe 2 arranged from the top surface 111 of the dam step closest to the mountain side, and are arranged at intervals up and down. Since the anchor cable assembly 5 is driven in from the reinforcement layer step slope 312 of the reinforcement layer step 31, the height of the anchor cable assembly 5 passing through the drain pipe 2 is determined by the height of the anchor cable assembly 5 at the reinforcement layer step slope 312 of the reinforcement layer step 31. The top pipe opening of the drain pipe 2 is exposed from the top surface 311 of the reinforcement layer step 31 of the corresponding layer, and the anchor cable assembly 5 driven into from the inclined surface 312 of the reinforcement layer step 31 of the corresponding layer is closest to the top pipe opening of the drain pipe 2, so that the cable 61 can extend into and connect with the corresponding anchor cable assembly 5.

[0111] Specifically, in the drain pipe 2 at the outermost edge, only one set of anchor cable assembly 5 passes through, so the pull cable 61 corresponding to the drain pipe 2 can be directly connected to the anchor cable assembly 5; in other drain pipes 2, multiple sets of anchor cable assemblies 5 pass through, and the pull cable 61 corresponding to the drain pipe 2 can be directly connected to the uppermost anchor cable assembly 5 in the drain pipe 2.

[0112] In one embodiment, if Figure 7-9 As shown, the tensioning mechanism 6 includes a fixed pulley 62 and a configuration object 63 suspended above the reinforcement layer 3.

[0113] The cable 61 is turned through the fixed pulley 62 , the configuration 63 is connected to one end of the cable 61 , and the other end of the cable 61 extends into the drainage pipe 2 and is connected to the anchor cable assembly 5 .

[0114] In this embodiment, the tensioning mechanism 6 is a combination of a cable 61, a fixed pulley 62 and a configuration 63. The axle of the fixed pulley 62 is fixedly mounted on the bracket 64, the cable 61 is turned around the fixed pulley 62, and the configuration 63 is connected to one end of the cable 61 for tightening the anchor cable assembly 5. The configuration 63 is composed of a plurality of parts, and different weights can be replaced as needed, for example, increasing or decreasing the weight.

[0115] In one embodiment, if Figure 7-9 As shown, a conical guide sleeve 22 is provided at the top pipe opening of the drain pipe 2, and the cable 61 passes through the top through hole of the guide sleeve 22, which limits and guides the cable 61. A notch can be provided on the side of the guide sleeve 22, and after the cable 61 is connected to the anchor assembly 5, the notch of the guide sleeve 22 is aligned with the cable 61, so that the cable 61 enters the guide sleeve 22, and then the lower end of the guide sleeve 22 is threadedly connected to the top pipe opening.

[0116] The guide sleeve 22 also has a function of serving as a top cover when laying the topsoil layer, thereby preventing mud from flowing into the drainage pipe 2 and affecting the effect of tightening the anchor cable assembly 5 .

[0117] In one embodiment, if Figure 3-6 As shown, step S04 also includes:

[0118] The top pipe opening of the drainage pipe 2 is blocked by a plugging cover 21 to prevent the top pipe opening from being blocked when the reinforcement layer 3 is subsequently poured.

[0119] Step S05 also includes:

[0120] When constructing the reinforcement layer 3, the top surface of the plugging cover 21 is exposed, and the plugging cover 21 is removed before the reinforcement layer 3 is completely solidified to expose the top pipe opening of the drainage pipe 2 so as to subsequently lay the cable 61 and the like.

[0121] As needed, the above technical solutions can be combined to achieve the best technical effect.

[0122] The above are only the principles and preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several other modifications can be made based on the principles of the present invention, which should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization, characterized in that: The steps include: S01: Divide the tailings storage area into multiple mining areas according to preset standards, and select a tailings dam area on one side of the mountain; S02: Arrange tailings pretreatment equipment and tailings screening equipment between the tailings storage area and the tailings dam area; S03: transferring the tailings in the mining area to the tailings pretreatment equipment for crushing according to a preset order; S04: conveying the crushed tailings to the tailings screening equipment for screening, recovering the screened metals, transferring the discharged tailings to the tailings dam area, and forming a stepped tailings dam on one side of the mountain, and arranging drainage pipes downward on the top surface of the dam steps of the tailings dam; S05: constructing a stepped reinforcement layer on the surface of the tailings dam; S06: after the reinforcement layer solidifies, multiple sets of anchor cable assemblies are laid from the reinforcement layer into the mountain to tighten the reinforcement layer; The anchor cable assembly is arranged from the reinforcement layer step slope of the reinforcement layer step to the mountain, and the reinforcement layer step slope of each reinforcement layer step is tightened with the mountain through the anchor cable assembly; S07: Constructing a topsoil layer for planting vegetation on the surface of the reinforcement layer.

2. The tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The anchor cable assembly comprises a flange, an anchor cable and a flexible metal sleeve, wherein the metal sleeve and the head end of the anchor cable are respectively fixedly connected to the flange, the anchor cable passes through the metal sleeve, the tail end of the anchor cable extends out of the tail end of the metal sleeve, a grouting channel is formed between the metal sleeve and the anchor cable, and a grouting flow channel connected to the grouting channel is provided on the flange; Step S06 also includes: Drilling a borehole from the reinforcement layer to the mountain, laying the anchor cable and the metal casing into the borehole, and the tail ends of the anchor cable and the metal casing respectively enter the borehole of the mountain; Fixing the flange on the surface of the reinforcement layer; Using grouting equipment to inject grout into the grouting flow channel and the grouting channel, so that the grout enters the drilled hole in the mountain; After a preset time, the grouting is stopped, and after the slurry solidifies, the tail end of the anchor cable is anchored to the mountain.

3. The tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The tail end of the anchor cable is provided with a plurality of anchoring protrusions at intervals, and the anchoring protrusions are anchored in the drilled holes in the mountain.

4. The tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Step S05 also includes: A reinforcement layer boss for mounting the flange is provided on the reinforcement layer step slope of each reinforcement layer step of the reinforcement layer, the top surface of the reinforcement layer boss is the boss plane, and the side surface of the reinforcement layer boss is the boss elevation; Step S06 also includes: Drilling the borehole from the boss facade to the mountain; The flange is attached to and fixed on the boss facade.

5. The method for tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The anchor cable assembly passes through the drain pipe; Step S06 also includes: arranging a tensioning mechanism above the reinforcement layer, wherein a tensioning cable of the tensioning mechanism extends into the drainage pipe and is connected to the anchor cable assembly to tighten the anchor cable assembly.

6. The method for tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step S06 also includes: arranging multiple sets of the tensioning mechanisms above the reinforcement layer, the cables of each set of the tensioning mechanisms are connected to a set of the anchor cable assemblies, and each set of the tensioning mechanisms is used to tighten a set of the anchor cable assemblies.

7. The method for tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step S04 also includes: arranging the drainage pipe downward on the top surface of each of the dam steps; Step S06 also includes: arranging a set of the tensioning mechanism above each of the drainage pipes; The pulling cable of the tensioning mechanism is connected to and tightened with the only set of the anchor cable assembly passing through the drain pipe, or is connected to and tightened with the uppermost set of the anchor cable assembly among the multiple sets of the anchor cable assemblies passing through the drain pipe.

8. The method for tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization according to claim 5, characterized in that: The tensioning mechanism includes a fixed pulley and a configuration suspended above the reinforcement layer; The cable is turned through the fixed pulley, the configuration object is connected to one end of the cable, and the other end of the cable extends into the drain pipe and is connected to the anchor cable assembly.

9. The method for tailings recovery and tailings dam reinforcement and utilization according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Step S04 also includes: The top pipe opening of the drainage pipe is sealed by a plugging cover; Step S05 also includes: When constructing the reinforcement layer, the top surface of the plugging cover is exposed, and the plugging cover is removed before the reinforcement layer is completely solidified to expose the top pipe opening of the drainage pipe.

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