Method for coping with machine jamming when open-type TBM passes through fracture zone

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for dealing with jamming of an open TBM when the open TBM passes through a fracture zone, and relates to the technical field of TBM escape methods, the method comprises the following steps: a preparation step: designing a hole opening position on a shield, and marking the hole opening position; a getting-out step: firstly judging the type or reason of the card machine, and then carrying out the corresponding getting-out step according to the type or reason of the card machine; the jamming type I is the condition that only a cutter head is jammed due to collapse in front of or above a tunnel face; the method comprises the following steps of: reinforcing the tunnel face by adopting a chemical grouting method, cleaning and digging out stuck points of a cutter box, a cutter or a cutter head after the reinforcement is completed, and retreating the cutter head to escape after the cleaning and digging are completed; according to the second machine clamping type, the situation that a shield and a cutterhead are clamped due to tunnel surrounding rock collapse is avoided; the method comprises the following steps of: a, cleaning and digging surrounding rocks on the lower half parts of the two sides of a shield and a cutter head, and trying to advance to escape from the cutter head after cleaning and digging are finished; the method can improve the safety and efficiency of the TBM passing through the fracture zone.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of TBM escape methods, and in particular to a method for dealing with a machine jam when an open TBM passes through a broken zone. Background Art

[0002] TBM can carry out construction processes such as excavation, support, and mucking in parallel and continuously. It is a factory-based assembly line tunnel construction equipment that integrates mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, optical, and gas systems. The working environment of TBM is complex and changeable. When passing through broken strata, it is easy to cause deformation and collapse of the surrounding rock, causing the TBM to get stuck or trapped, which in turn leads to low efficiency and poor safety in passing through broken zones. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for dealing with a machine jam when an open TBM passes through a broken zone, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and improve the safety and efficiency of passing through the broken zone.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a method for dealing with a machine jam when an open TBM passes through a broken zone, comprising:

[0006] Preparation steps: Design the hole positions on the shield and mark the hole positions; select a suitable handheld drill and test-install the handheld drill at the original hole positions and the marked hole positions on the shield; check whether the chemical irrigation materials and equipment are complete;

[0007] Steps to get out of trouble: first determine the type of machine or the cause of the machine jam, and then take corresponding steps to get out of trouble according to the type of machine jam or the cause of the machine jam;

[0008] Machine jam type 1: The situation where only the cutterhead is stuck due to landslide in front of or above the tunnel face; the corresponding steps to get out of the jam are: reinforce the tunnel face by grouting, and after the reinforcement is completed, clear the points where the cutter box, tool or cutterhead is stuck. After the cleaning is completed, retreat the cutterhead to get out of the jam, and then rotate the cutterhead again to excavate;

[0009] Machine jam type 2: The shield and cutterhead are stuck due to tunnel surrounding rock collapse; the corresponding escape procedure is step a: clear the surrounding rock on the lower half of the shield and cutterhead, support while clearing, and try to move forward to escape the cutterhead after clearing is completed.

[0010] Preferably, in the second type of stuck machine, if step a still cannot be taken to get out of trouble, then step b is taken: clear the surrounding rock below the cutter disc, and after the clearing is completed, try to move forward to get the cutter disc out of trouble.

[0011] Preferably, in the second type of stuck machine, if step b still cannot be used to free the cutter disc, then step c is taken: the cutter disc is retracted with a small stroke to free the cutter disc. If the cutter disc still cannot be freed after retracting, it indicates that there is a landslide in the surrounding rock in front of the cutter disc during retraction. The surrounding rock in front of the cutter disc is reinforced by grouting, and then the cutter disc is retracted to free it.

[0012] Preferably, in step c, if the shield is stuck and the cutter disc cannot be retracted, step d is taken: the surrounding rock on both sides of the shield is continued to be cleared upward to reduce the load on the shield, and the cutter disc is tried to be retracted every time about one meter is cleared upward until the shield and the cutter disc are completely free.

[0013] Preferably, lightweight steel segments are used to support the surrounding rock during TBM excavation. In step c and step d, before retracting the cutterhead, the lightweight steel segments supporting the support shoes and the broken surrounding rock on the outside need to be reinforced.

[0014] Preferably, the steps for reinforcing the lightweight steel pipe segment supporting the support shoe and the broken surrounding rock on the outside are: inserting the hollow grouting anchor into the broken surrounding rock, and injecting fast-setting cement grouting into the broken surrounding rock through the hollow grouting anchor, and then using the dry spraying concrete process to spray a concrete layer on the inside of the lightweight steel pipe segment to reinforce the structural strength of the lightweight steel pipe segment.

[0015] Preferably, the preparation step further includes testing the chemical potting material to obtain the starting reaction time, the finishing reaction time and the expansion ratio of the chemical potting material.

[0016] Preferably, in step a, wood and steel structures are used as temporary supporting structures.

[0017] Preferably, in step a, if the surrounding rock is relatively broken, local reinforcement is performed by chemical grouting before excavation.

[0018] Preferably, in step b, the surrounding rock in the arc-shaped area below the cutter head is cleared.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0020] The method provided by the present invention can quickly and efficiently free an open TBM that is stuck, thereby improving the safety and efficiency of construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of displacement of the clearing area in the present invention;

[0023] In the figure: 1-cleaning area one; 2-cleaning area two; 3-cleaning area three; 4-wooden blocks; 5-angle steel; 6-shield. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] Combine the following Figure 1 , describing an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] The present invention provides a method for dealing with a machine jam when an open TBM passes through a broken zone, comprising:

[0028] Preparation steps: Since there are few holes on the shield of TBM, it is necessary to design the hole positions on the shield in advance and mark the hole positions; select a suitable handheld drill and test-install the handheld drill at the original holes and marked holes on the shield. The handheld drill is preferably a YG40 drill. The test installation here refers to testing whether the hole space can accommodate the handheld drill in advance. If not, the frame in the shield needs to be modified to enable the handheld drill to carry out drilling work at the corresponding position; check whether the chemical grouting materials and chemical grouting equipment are complete, and test the chemical grouting materials to obtain the starting reaction time, completion reaction time and expansion ratio of the chemical grouting materials. The chemical grouting materials and chemical grouting equipment include chemical grouting AB materials, grouting suction pipes, grouting pipes, mixers, hollow anchor rods and drill rods for grouting into the rock, pipeline cleaning thinners, etc. If drilling holes in the cutterhead, you also need to carry multiple hollow anchor rods and joints.

[0029] It can be understood that the preparation step is a step performed before a jam occurs or before crossing a crushing zone.

[0030] When the machine is stuck, you need to perform the following steps: first determine the type of machine or the cause of the jam, and then perform the corresponding steps according to the type of machine or the cause of the jam;

[0031] Machine jam type 1: The situation where only the cutterhead is stuck due to landslide in front of or above the tunnel face; the corresponding steps to get out of the jam are: reinforce the tunnel face by grouting, and after the reinforcement is completed, clear the points where the cutter box, tool or cutterhead is stuck. After the cleaning is completed, retreat the cutterhead to get out of the jam, and then rotate the cutterhead again to excavate;

[0032] Machine jam type 2: The shield and cutterhead are jammed due to tunnel surrounding rock collapse; the corresponding escape steps are step a: clear the surrounding rock on both sides of the shield and cutterhead, such as Figure 1 In the clearing area 1, support while clearing. If the surrounding rock is relatively broken, use chemical irrigation to reinforce the local area before excavation and clearing. After clearing, try to move forward to get rid of the cutterhead.

[0033] If step a still fails to help, take step b: clear the surrounding rock below the cutterhead. Figure 1 Clean area 2 in the middle. After cleaning, try to move forward to escape the cutter disc.

[0034] If step b still fails to free the cutter disc, then take step c: use a small stroke to retract the cutter disc to free the cutter disc. If retracting the cutter disc still fails to free the cutter disc, it means that there is a landslide in the surrounding rock in front of the cutter disc during the retraction. Reinforce the surrounding rock in front of the cutter disc by grouting, and then retract it to free the cutter disc.

[0035] In step c, if the shield is stuck and the cutterhead cannot be retracted, step d is taken: the surrounding rocks on both sides of the shield 6 are further cleared upward to reduce the load on the shield 6. Figure 1 In the clearing area 3, try to move the cutter head back every time you clear about one meter upwards until the shield 6 and the cutter head are completely free.

[0036] The method for escaping from a jam provided in this embodiment first determines the type of jammed machine or the cause of the jam, and then performs corresponding escaping steps in a targeted manner, thereby improving both efficiency and construction safety.

[0037] In addition, when the machine is stuck due to collapse of the tunnel surrounding rock around the shield 6 and the chuck, the embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-level escape step, which can reduce the redundancy of clearing the surrounding rock, thereby reducing the escape cost and efficiency.

[0038] In some embodiments, lightweight steel segments are used to support the surrounding rock during TBM excavation. In step c and step d, before the cutterhead is retracted, the lightweight steel segments supporting the support shoes and the broken surrounding rock on the outside need to be reinforced. The specific reinforcement steps are: inserting a hollow grouting anchor into the broken surrounding rock, and injecting fast-setting cement grouting into the broken surrounding rock through the hollow grouting anchor, and then using a dry spraying concrete process to spray a concrete layer on the inside of the lightweight steel segment to reinforce the structural strength of the lightweight steel segment.

[0039] The lightweight steel pipe segment in the embodiment of the present invention is usually provided with ribs inside. Therefore, when spraying concrete on the lightweight steel pipe segment, the thickness of the concrete layer needs to be sufficient to completely cover the ribs.

[0040] In some embodiments, in step a, wood beams 4 and steel structures are used as temporary support structures. The steel structure can be angle steel 5, which is welded and fixed to the outer wall of the shield 6. The wood beams 4 are vertically arranged, with the bottom supported on the bottom surface of the cleared surrounding rock, and the top used to support the angle steel 5. The wood beams 4 are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction, and the intervals can be 0.9m. All wood beams 4 are fixed with wooden templates or steel protection nets on the outside to prevent the outer surrounding rock from falling back into the cleared area.

[0041] In some embodiments, in step b, the surrounding rock in the arc-shaped area below the cutterhead is cleared.

[0042] In some examples, the width of the lower arc-shaped area (ie, cleaning area three) is consistent with the width of the cutter disc, and the thickness of the arc-shaped area is 50 cm.

[0043] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dealing with a jam of an open TBM when it passes through a broken zone, characterized in that: include: Preparation steps: Design the hole locations on the shield and mark the hole locations; Select a suitable handheld drill and test-install it at the original opening on the shield and the marked opening position; check whether the chemical irrigation materials and equipment are complete; Steps to get out of trouble: first determine the type of machine or the cause of the machine jam, and then take corresponding steps to get out of trouble according to the type of machine jam or the cause of the machine jam; Machine jam type 1: The situation where only the cutterhead is stuck due to landslide in front of or above the tunnel face; the corresponding steps to get out of the jam are: reinforce the tunnel face by grouting, and after the reinforcement is completed, clear the points where the cutter box, tool or cutterhead is stuck. After the cleaning is completed, retreat the cutterhead to get out of the jam, and then rotate the cutterhead again to excavate; Machine jam type 2: The shield and cutterhead are stuck due to tunnel surrounding rock collapse; the corresponding escape procedure is step a: clear the surrounding rock on the lower half of the shield and cutterhead, support while clearing, and try to move forward to escape the cutterhead after clearing is completed.

2. The method for dealing with a jam of an open TBM when passing through a broken zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the second type of stuck machine, if step a still cannot be taken to free the machine, then take step b: clear the surrounding rock below the cutter disc, and after clearing, try to move forward to free the cutter disc.

3. The method for dealing with a jam of an open TBM when passing through a broken zone according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the second type of stuck machine, if step b still cannot be used to free the cutter disc, then take step c: use a small stroke to retract the cutter disc to free the cutter disc. If the cutter disc still cannot be freed after retracting, it means that there is a landslide in the surrounding rock in front of the cutter disc during the retraction. Reinforce the surrounding rock in front of the cutter disc by grouting, and then retract it to free the cutter disc.

4. The method for coping with a jam of an open TBM when passing through a broken zone according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step c, if the shield is stuck and the cutter disc cannot be retracted, take step d: continue to clear the surrounding rock on both sides of the shield upward to reduce the load on the shield. After clearing about one meter upward, try to retract the cutter disc until the shield and the cutter disc are completely free.

5. The method for coping with a jam of an open TBM when passing through a broken zone according to claim 3, characterized in that: Lightweight steel segments are used to support the surrounding rock during TBM excavation. In step c and step d, before retracting the cutterhead, the lightweight steel segments supporting the support shoes and the broken surrounding rock on the outside need to be reinforced.

6. The method for dealing with a jam of an open TBM when passing through a broken zone according to claim 5, characterized in that: The steps for reinforcing the lightweight steel pipe segment supporting the support shoe and the broken surrounding rock on the outside are: inserting the hollow grouting anchor into the broken surrounding rock, and injecting the fast-setting cement grouting into the broken surrounding rock through the hollow grouting anchor, and then using the dry spraying concrete process to spray a concrete layer on the inside of the lightweight steel pipe segment to reinforce the structural strength of the lightweight steel pipe segment.

7. The method for coping with a jam of an open TBM when passing through a broken zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation step also includes testing the chemical potting material to obtain the starting reaction time, the completion reaction time and the expansion ratio of the chemical potting material.

8. The method for coping with a jam of an open TBM when passing through a broken zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step a, wood and steel structures are used as temporary supporting structures.

9. The method for dealing with a jam of an open TBM when passing through a broken zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step a, if the surrounding rock is relatively broken, local reinforcement is carried out by chemical grouting before excavation.

10. The method for coping with a jam of an open TBM when passing through a broken zone according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step b, the surrounding rock in the arc-shaped area below the cutter head is cleared.

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