1956 results about "Clay soil" patented technology

Laundry detergents and cleaning compositions which provide improved cleaning benefits that comprise a novel polymer system. The polymer system comprises one or more amphiphilic alkoxylated grease cleaning polymers, and either a clay soil cleaning polymer; or a soil suspending polymer.

The invention relates to a biochar-containing composition comprising biochar having organic matter therein and / or thereon, clay associated, optionally intercalated, with the organic matter, a non-clay mineral and optionally also a plant growth promoter.

The invention discloses cat litter comprising a composition prepared from the following components in percent by weight: 50-80% of inorganic clay, 5-15% of silica gel, 5-20% of organic substrate and 8-20% of mineral matter, wherein the inorganic clay is selected from one or a mixture of attapulgite, bentonite, kaolinite and sepiolite; the organic substrate is selected from one or a mixture of corncob, corn, wheat, clover, peanut hull, walnut shell, pine wood shavings and broadleaved tree wood shavings; and the mineral matter is selected from one or a mixture of perlite, diatomite, pumice and other low-density mineral matters. The cat litter disclosed by the invention has the following advantages of largely strengthened adsorption deodorization capacity due to the addition of the silica gel component, stronger deodorization capacity by utilizing the adsorbability of natural materials, natural fragrance, small weight and strong caking capability, in particular no dust and easiness for treatment; and the cat litter disclosed by the invention is 40% lighter than the traditional bentonite cat litter.

A composition of matter for use in stablizing shale formations in earth boreholes comprising polymeric products, e.g., polymers of a dialkyl aminoalkyl methacrylate, which can optionally be quaternized with an alkyl halide to produce drilling fluid additives which stablize borehole formations containing reactive clays in the presence of an aqueous medium.

Composites and methods for making the same. A mixture of clay material and a light-weighting material is formed into a composite particle. An optional performance-enhancing active is coupled to the composite particle material before, during, or after the particle-forming process, homogeneously and / or in layers. Preferred methods for creating the composites include a pan agglomeration process, a high shear agglomeration process, a low shear agglomeration process, a high pressure agglomeration process, a low pressure agglomeration process, a rotary drum agglomeration process, a mix muller process, a roll press compaction process, a pin mixer process, a batch tumble blending mixer process, an extrusion process, and a fluid bed process.

An apparatus for measuring permeability accurately in expansive clay and non-expansive soils is provided. The apparatus includes hollow porous stone cylinders which prevent the sample from bulging and at the same time allow application of confining pressure on the soil sample enclosed in a flexible membrane, which simulates the field condition and allows for application of back pressure to aid in saturation. The apparatus also allows for accurate comparison of hydraulic characteristics of swelling clays with fluids of various dielectric and other properties. The apparatus can also be used to consolidate the sample either three dimensionally or in one direction and perform permeability tests as well as find out the consolidation characteristics of the sample.

A method of evaluating a reservoir includes a multi-energy X-ray CT scan of a sample, obtaining bulk density and photoelectric effect index effect for the sample, estimation of at least mineral property using data obtained from at least one of a core gamma scan, a spectral gamma ray scan, an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, or an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the sample, and determination of at least one sample property by combining the bulk density, photoelectric effect index, and the at least one mineral property (e.g., total clay content). Reservoir properties, such as one or more of formation brittleness, porosity, organic material content, and permeability, can be determined by the method without need of detailed lab physical measurements or destruction of the sample. A system for evaluating a reservoir also is provided.

A clay stabilizer which is capable of inhibiting swelling in a wide variety of clay types and is also capable of restoring permeability in formations which have previously been damaged by clay swelling. Amine salts of differing molecular weights configurations and ionic strength are combined to provide transport into micropores, mesopores and macropores in the formation and to effect cationic change therein. A poly quaternary amine having a high to very high charge density is added along with lower molecular weight amine salts to substantially permanently exchange cations with the clay in the formation.

A process for underbalanced drilling into multiple coal and shale formations, and dewatering the drilled formations, which includes drilling a first borehole through several coal seams to a certain depth, defined as a cased borehole; lowering an upstock on the end of a carrier string to the depth of the upper coal seam; lowering a drill string in the carrier string, and angling off of the upstock, to drill a lateral or horizontal borehole within the coal seam; repeating the process for the second coal seam; setting a packer in place above the first coal seam in the annulus between the cased borehole and the carrier string; forming perforations in the wall of the carrier string below the packer; retrieving the upstock from the carrier string; lowering an electrical submersible pump to the bottom of the principal borehole, defined as a sump portion of the borehole; collecting methane gas from the two coal seams through the annulus between the second drill string and the carrier string to the surface; pumping water from the sump portion to the surface within the annulus of the second drill string, while gas within the annulus between the carrier string and the outer casing enters the plurality of perforations in the carrier string to be carried up to the surface. Under a first option, water from the two coal seams is pumped by the ESP through perforations in the wall of the casing, to a first lower water injection zone below the coal seams. In a second option, the water can be first delivered to the surface, and then returned down the annulus between the outer casing and carrier string to be injected into a water injection zone above the coal seams. It is foreseen that multiple wells can be drilled, and when the water is returned to the surface, the water would be routed to one of the wells which would return the water to the water injection zone. The objective of underbalanced drilling of coal and shale is to have the hydrostatic pressure of the drilling process to be lower than the formation pressure, as to not invade the formation with fines that may plug the fractures or fluid that may interact with the formation causing the swelling of clay particles or phase trapping commonly referred to as formation damage.

The invention relates to a small soilless culture method and device. A nutrient solution is contained in a culture disk or a nutrient solution storage pool; crops are planted into the nutrient solution; a soil copy material is added into the nutrient solution; the soil copy material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-90 parts of organic matter and 2-80 parts of nonmetal mineral substance, wherein the organic matter is one or mixture of peat, fermented straw, fermented bagasse and fermented livestock and poultry manure; the nonmetal mineral substance is one or mixtureof coal ash, steel slag, zeolite, bentonite, opal, attapulgite mineral soil, pearlite, vermiculite, rectorite clay, sepiolite clay and kieselguhr; and the proportion of the nutrient solution to the soil copy material is (5-2):1. By adding the soil copy material into the nutrient solution, the nutrient charge concentration can be improved, the nutrient charge frequency is reduced, and the labor cost is reduced; meanwhile, when the concentration is reduced due to the absorption of the nutrients, the concentration reduction range is slower, and a deficiency symptom caused by lacking nutrients ofplants is lightened; in addition, trace elements needed by plants can be also supplemented.

The present invention provides a novel technology and a novel material having excellent pliability, gas barrier properties and water resistance, for the technical fields of packaging materials, sealing materials, electric insulating materials and the like, the present invention relates to a film of a material having a denatured clay as a main constituent thereof, wherein (1) the film comprises a denatured clay and an additive, (2) the weight ratio of the denatured clay is not less than 70% relative to total solids, (3) the film has gas barrier properties and water-vapor barrier properties, (4) the film has heat resistance, (5) the film has water resistance, (6) the film has sufficient mechanical strength to be used as a self-supporting film, and (7) the film can be formed on the surface of metals, plastics, rubber, paper and the like, and the present invention can provide a material comprising the denatured clay film in which denatured clay particles are highly oriented and which has excellent heat resistance, excellent pliability, excellent gas barrier properties, excellent water-vapor barrier properties, and high water resistance.

A device and method for stabilization of beaches and building walls, patios and similar simple structures consisting of blocks with trapezoidal or rectangular shapes which have staking or interlocking means of interconnecting blocks and where the top has an open area allowing fill by slurries of water and sand, gravel or clay and the escape of clarified water during and after filling.

A process for the treating a mature fine tailings stream is provided. Treatment comprises contacting an alkali metal silicate or polysilicate microgel and an activator with mature fine tailings, entrapping the sand and clay fines within a polysilicate microgel, spreading the silica microgel over a surface, and allowing the silica microgel to dry, and producing a trafficable surface.

The invention provides municipal sludge expanded ceramsite and a preparation method thereof. The municipal sludge expanded ceramsite is prepared from the following materials by mass percentage: 20% to 45% of municipal sludge, 50% to 70% of shale, tailings or clay, 1% to 5% of organic matter and 1% to 5% of iron powder, wherein, the tailings is one of pyrite tailings, gold tailings, lead-zinc tailings and aluminum tailings; and the organic matter is sawdust. The preparation method comprises the following steps: feeding the shale, tailings or clay into a crusher, and carrying out the screening treatment; adding and mixing the municipal sludge, the organic matter and the iron powder, feeding into an ageing silo and stirring; then, feeding into a granulating machine, granulating and calcinating in a rotary kiln; and finally, cooling and stacking the calcinated ceramsite by classification. By using a great amount of municipal sludge, the invention is resource-saving and environment-friendly; compared with the original cost, the overall cost of a building is reduced by 5% to 10%; and the prepared expanded ceramsite has the advantages of light weight, fire resistance, sound absorption, good heat insulating and preserving performance, simple process and low cost, so that the invention is suitable for industrialized production.

The invention provides for processes for preparing a nanocomposite compositions including the steps of: contacting a multifunctional intercalant including a cationic moiety separated from an anionic moiety by at least 1 carbon, with a clay at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to produce an at least partially intercalated clay; and contacting the at least partially intercalated clay with a functionalized interpolymer including one or more functional groups, at a temperature, and for a period of time sufficient to produce the nanocomposite compositions. Cured nanocomposite compositions, and articles including such nanocomposite compositions are also provided.

The invention discloses gravel attapulgite flower ceramsite. The key point of the technical scheme is that the gravel attapulgite flower ceramsite consists of high-viscosity attapulgite clay powder, attapulgite clay tailing powder, red bentonite powder, sludge, kieselguhr tailing powder and rice husk powder.t. The gravel attapulgite flower ceramsite is produced by the following steps of mixing the ingredients, pelleting, baking, cooling, smashing, sieving and packaging. The gravel attapulgite flower ceramsite is an irregularly-shaped granule, and has a rough and porous surface, light weight, high strength and high water absorption. The gravel attapulgite flower ceramsite can be soaked in water without being cracked and release nutrition required by flowers continuously and slowly. The gravel attapulgite flower ceramsite is produced by utilizing the sludge and tailings comprehensively, so that the utilization rate of resources is improved, waste materials are changed into wealth, and environment is protected. Besides, the gravel attapulgite flower ceramsite is suitable for planting the flowers and vegetables.

A weir box disposed upstream from conventional solids control equipment of a mud system of a drilling rig contains a drilling mud separation unit having a continuous-loop scalper screen that is driven in a continuous loop to separate, convey and discharge large amounts of gumbo, heavy clays and drill solids at the end of the separation unit. The flow divider box is a box-like housing with a diverter plate, weir baffle plates and a sliding gate that allows drilling fluid or drilling mud to be selectively directed to the mud separation unit to be separated prior to passing to the conventional downstream solids control equipment or allows the fluid to bypass the separation unit and flow directly to the conventional solids control equipment. The sliding gate is adjustable to selectively control or meter the flow rate and to create a hydrostatic head upstream from the conventional solids control equipment. The weir box baffle plates, sliding gate, and selective utilization of the mud separation unit allows the operator to produce an increased hydrostatic head, which enables high flow rates to be easily processed by shale shakers and other conventional downstream solids control equipment of the mud system and to compliment the drilling operation with respect to changes in the lithology, geological formations, or loss of returns in relation to the gallons pumped or volume of drilling fluid or drilling mud entering the weir box.

A waterproofing article in the form of rod-, or rope-shaped clay-containing compositions, and a method of waterproofing using the article, whereby a water-penetrable, degradable, or water-soluble film or coating forms an outer surface of the article for avoiding premature hydration of an underlying clay-containing composition. In the preferred embodiment, an inner core of a water-swellable clay-containing composition includes a coating of a water-removable or degradable material, completely encasing the major outer surfaces of the composition, having controlled, predetermined water-penetration; high pH degradability; or water-solubility so that the core of water-swellable clay-containing composition is quickly hydrated after water-penetration of the coating material, and to prevent clay hydration during installation, prior to water-penetration of the coating material.

A composite adsorbent of attapulgus clay-aluminum hydroxide / iron nano-scale and a preparation method and application thereof are provided. The composite adsorbent is characterized in that prepared by loading aluminum hydroxide or mixture of hydroxides of aluminum and iron on the surface of attapulgus mineral, the aluminum hydroxide or the mixture of hydroxides of aluminum and iron has a content of 5-50wt% in the adsorbent; and the content of aluminum hydroxide in the mixture is not lower than that of iron hydroxide. The composite adsorbent has high adsorption capacity to P, As and F in water, and can be used for deep dephosphorization treatment of waste water from domestic sewage treatment plants, dephosphorization of eutrophic water bodies and treatment of high-As or high-F ground water.

The invention relates to a karst area drilling cast-in-place pile structure which is characterized in that a cast-in-place pile, a bag grouting body and a prestress anchor cable are included; an original karst portion is backfilled with a clay and rubble mixture; the top of the cast-in-place pile is provided with a pile top expansion pile body, and a karst position is provided with the bag grouting body; a squeezing reinforcement cage is arranged in the bag grouting body; prestress anchor cable holes are formed around the cast-in-place pile, and the top of the prestress anchor cable penetrates through the pile top expansion pile body. The karst area drilling cast-in-place pile structure has the advantages of being quick in construction speed, low in cost and the like. Besides, the bearing capacity of a single pile is enhanced by changing the action mechanism of the cast-in-place pile, and the aim of solidifying a foundation is achieved. The invention further discloses a construction method of the karst area drilling cast-in-place pile structure.

The invention discloses baking-free gravel attapulgite building garbage ceramsite. The key point of the technical scheme is that the baking-free gravel attapulgite building garbage ceramsite consists of high-viscosity attapulgite clay powder, attapulgite clay tailing powder, building garbage powder, red bentonite powder, kieselguhr tailing powder and cement. The baking-free gravel attapulgite building garbage ceramsite is produced by the following steps of mixing the ingredients, granulating, maintaining, sieving and packaging.. The baking-free gravel attapulgite building garbage ceramsite is an irregularly-shaped granule and has a rough and hard surface light weight, high strength, high durability and a good heat-preserving and sound-insulating effect; and a large amount of fine pores are formed in the granule. The baking-free gravel attapulgite building garbage ceramsite is produced by utilizing the building garbage and tailings comprehensively, so that the utilization rate of resources is improved, waste materials are changed into wealth, and environment is protected. Besides, the baking-free gravel attapulgite building garbage ceramsite is suitable for producing concrete heat-preserving building blocks and heat-preserving and sound-insulating materials.

The invention relates to a device and a method for clay core wall hydraulic fracturing experiments under simulated coupling conditions. The method is characterized in that two semi-cylindrical molds are specially made and assembled into a sample mold which is easy to assemble and disassemble; the internal temperature of a pressure chamber is controlled through changing the temperature and amount of water in a copper water pipe; internal water pressure is applied to a sample by a water flow passing through a base of the pressure chamber, a permeable plate, coarse sand and finally a blowhole; and hydraulic fracturing features of the clay sample under different conditions are studied through changing the water temperature and loading schemes of the fracturing water pressure, the axial pressure and the confining pressure, etc. The method overcomes the defects of hydraulic fracturing experiments in the prior art on core walls of earth and rock-fill dams, simulates features, force conditions, influencing factors and the like of clay core walls more accurately, and thus can be widely applied in hydraulic engineering and geotechnical engineering.

The invention discloses clay molding sand for cast steel and a preparation method thereof. The clay molding sand is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of quartz sand, 20-30 parts of forsterite sand, 8-12 parts of bentonite, 5-8 parts of composite powder, 4-6 parts of talcum powder, 2-3 parts of nanometer aluminum oxide, 3-5 parts of pine sawdust, 2-4 parts of alpha-starch, 1-2 parts of dextrin, 3-6 parts of calcium phosphate, 1.5-2.5 parts of sulfite lye and 4-8 parts of water. The molding sand is high-temperature resistant, high in strength and high in impact resistance, can be used for overcoming the defects on hot spot parts and avoiding sand adhesion, and a phenomenon that the sand mold is broken due to impact force of liquid steel casting is avoided. Moreover, the clay molding sand is low in air release amount, good in air permeability effect and high in liquidity, the defects of air holes, cold shut and shrinkage porosity in the casting can be effectively overcome, and the yield of the casting is improved.

The present invention relates to a nanocomposite composition comprising a clay material splayed with an inorganic particle having a diameter equal to or less than 30 nanometers. Another embodiment of the invention includes a splayed material comprising a layered material splayed with a particle, wherein the particle comprises a diameter equal to or less than 30 nanometers. Another embodiment relates to a method for preparing an exfoliated nanocomposite composition comprising the steps of preparing an inorganic particle, mixing the particle with a layered material dispersed in a medium, and splaying the layered material to produce a nanocomposite, wherein the inorganic particle comprises a diameter equal to or less than 30 nanometers.

The invention discloses a high-strength ceramic brick and a preparation method thereof. The ceramic brick is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of yellow sand, 30-50 parts of barite, 15-25 parts of dolomite, 10-20 parts of volcanic rock, 20-30 parts of zirconite, 5-15 parts of mullite, 4-12 parts of blast furnace slag, 16-28 parts of modified clay, 7-14 parts of sea mud, 11-19 parts of a silica micro-powder, 8-16 parts of a waste brick powder, 3-9 parts of tricalcium phosphate, 4-8 parts of barium carbonate, 2-5 parts of nano silicon carbide, and 3-6 parts of nano alumina. The prepared ceramic brick has high strength, has the breaking strength of not less than 1050 N and the rupture modulus of not less than 30 MPa, is anti-knock, anti-cracking and non-friable, and enables the service life to be significantly improved.

A method for comprehensive utilization of red mud, phosphogypsum and coal gangue comprises the following steps: red mud, phosphogypsum and coal gangue are used as main original burning materials, a correction material is taken as a secondary original burning material, a homogeneous moisture material is prepared through two-stage batching process and is shaped or dried and crushed, and then a clinker product including main ingredients of dicalcium silicate, calcium sulphoaluminate and calcium sulphoferrite is prepared through calcination. The clinker produced by the method can be not only directly sold as a product but also further processed into a cementing material or product for sale by utilizing the prior art. The method provided by the invention is simple in process and low in investment, the production scale can be either big or small, a rapid hardening early strength clinker produced by the method is wide in use and relatively higher in value, not only are lots of clay resources and non-renewable burning coal saved, but also environmental pollution caused by waste pollutants are effectively reduced, secondary disasters is prevented, and high industrial competitiveness and favorable investment economical efficiency are realized.

The invention extends the connotation range required to be protected on the basis of a previously issued patent ZL200710025045.4, i.e., a nanometer microcrystalline composite filter material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of a water disposal technique material. According to weight percentage, the nanometer microcrystalline composite filter material comprises 3-95 percent of attapulgite clay, 5-80 percent of sepiolite clay, 2-25 percent of kaolinite clay, 2-97 percent of tubular halloysite, 5-75 percent of diatomite, 5-75 percent of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite, mordenite and the like), 0-25 percent of pillared montmorillonite, 0-50 percent of expanded vermiculite, 0-5 percent of expanded perlite and 0-50 percent of active carbon or bamboo carbon powders. All raw materials which are powder shapes are mixed according to proportion and stirred to granulate by adding an inorganic adhesive, then sintered and activated at the temperature of 900-500 DEG C (inert gas is required for sintering and activating the filter material added with active carbon). The nanometer microcrystalline composite filter material has smooth shape, rough surface and uniform particle size, with the diameter of 1-10mm, and is used for biological filter tanks and high-class adsorption filter materials in deep purification systems of drinking water and reclaimed water sewage disposal systems.