Flying dust prevention deslagging system and method for tunnel anchor hole

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of suspension bridge tunnel anchor hole construction, in particular to a dust-raising-preventing deslagging system and method for a tunnel anchor hole. The dust raising prevention deslagging system comprises a deslagging platform, a track and a deslagging vehicle. The slag discharging platform is arranged at the position close to an anchor hole portal of the tunnel anchor. The track starts to be laid from the slag discharging platform and extends to the position of a tunnel face of a tunnel anchor hole; the slag discharging vehicle runs on the track; a winch is mounted on the ground, and an inhaul cable on the winch is connected with the slag discharging vehicle; a slag discharging opening is formed in the slag discharging platform; a dust-proof hose is arranged on the residue discharging opening, and the lower end of the dust-proof hose extends into a hopper of the residue soil transfer truck; and a dust falling spraying device is arranged on the slag discharging platform. In the slag discharging process, the dust falling spraying device is always kept in a water spraying state, the slag on the slag discharging vehicle is wetted, and raised dust generated in the slag discharging process is effectively controlled. The dustproof hose can control raised dust generated during dumping of the muck and limit the dumping direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of suspension bridge tunnel anchor hole construction, and in particular to a tunnel anchor hole dust prevention and slag discharge system and method. Background Art

[0002] In bridge engineering, tunnel anchors are a type of anchoring structure that can better utilize the geological conditions of the anchoring area compared to gravity anchors. They have a relatively small engineering volume (the volume is only 20% to 25% of that of gravity anchors), are cost-effective, and have little disturbance to the surrounding environment. They are mostly used in suspension bridges on mountain highways.

[0003] During the construction of the tunnel anchor hole, it is necessary to use a slag discharge system to transport the slag in the anchor hole construction process. The slag discharge system in the existing technology mainly uses a winch and a wire rope to pull the slag discharge vehicle so that the slag discharge vehicle runs on the track and transports the slag in the anchor hole to the slag discharge platform.

[0004] For example, the patent application with publication number CN115709880A discloses a tunnel anchor track-type intelligent slag discharge system and method, the system includes a track mechanism, a traction mechanism and a control mechanism, the track mechanism includes a track laid between the slag discharge tunnel anchor face and the slag truck; the traction mechanism includes a winch, a first steering wheel, a second steering wheel, a bracket, a traction wire rope and a slag discharge truck.

[0005] For example, a patent application with publication number CN217950381U discloses an automatic slag dumping system for a steep-angle tunnel, including a track on which a slag transport trolley is provided, the slag transport trolley includes a carriage and a base, a drive assembly is provided at the exit of the tunnel anchor, a slag unloading platform is provided at the exit of the track at the tunnel anchor, and a parking platform is provided between the slag unloading platform and the ground.

[0006] For example, the patent application with publication number CN117738693A discloses a device and method for rapid slag discharge in a water diversion inclined shaft, the device comprising a slag discharge vehicle, a discharge system for automatically discharging the slag discharge vehicle, an upper curved section track system arranged in the upper curved section of the inclined shaft, and a traction and lifting system for the slag discharge vehicle arranged in the upper flat section of the inclined shaft.

[0007] However, in the slag discharge systems of the above-mentioned corresponding technologies, dust prevention structures are all set, which causes a large amount of dust to be stirred up when the slag is dumped, seriously deteriorating the construction environment and endangering the health of the workers. Summary of the invention

[0008] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a dust-proof and slag-discharging system and method for tunnel anchor holes, aiming to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, on the one hand, the present invention proposes a dust-proof slag-discharging system for a tunnel anchor hole, comprising a slag-discharging platform, a track and a slag-discharging vehicle; the slag-discharging platform is arranged at a position close to the anchor hole portal of the tunnel anchor; the track is laid starting from the slag-discharging platform and extends to the heading position of the tunnel anchor hole; the slag-discharging vehicle runs on the track; a winch is installed on the ground, and a cable on the winch is connected to the slag-discharging vehicle; a slag-discharging port is arranged on the slag-discharging port; a dust-proof hose is arranged on the slag-discharging port, and the lower end of the dust-proof hose extends into the bucket of the slag transfer vehicle; a dust reduction spray device is arranged on the slag-discharging platform.

[0010] Preferably, the distance that the lower end of the dustproof hose extends into the truck bed of the slag transfer truck is 10 to 20 cm.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of tightening buckles are provided on the outer surface of the middle part of the dustproof hose; a telescopic rope is commonly passed through the plurality of tightening buckles; the telescopic rope is elastic; when the slag is not unloaded, the telescopic rope is in a shortened state to retract the dustproof hose; when the slag is unloaded, the slag enters the dustproof hose from the slag unloading port, overcomes the elastic force of the telescopic rope and stretches the dustproof hose.

[0012] Preferably, one of the tracks at the slag discharge port is bent downward to form a curved track, and the other track is a straight track; the slag discharge vehicle comprises a car body and a bottom plate; one of the long sides of the bottom plate is hinged to the bottom edge of the car body through a hinge shaft, and the other long side of the bottom plate is clamped to the bottom edge of the car body through a buckle; a wheelset is arranged on the bottom plate; rollers are respectively arranged on both sides of the slag discharge port; ear plates are respectively arranged on both sides of the car body of the slag discharge vehicle; when the buckle is in a loose state and the slag discharge vehicle drives into the slag discharge port position, the rollers are supported on the ear plates, and one side wheel of the wheelset runs on the straight track at the slag discharge port, and the other side wheel of the wheelset runs on the curved track at the slag discharge port, so that the bottom plate of the slag discharge vehicle flips downward around the hinge shaft.

[0013] Preferably, connecting rings are respectively provided on the front end face and the rear end face of the slag discharge vehicle; a steering guide wheel is provided on the side wall of the anchor hole door; when the slag discharge vehicle needs to be towed forward, the cable on the winch is connected to the connecting ring on the front end face of the slag discharge vehicle; when the slag discharge vehicle needs to be towed reversely, the cable on the winch is connected to the connecting ring on the rear end face of the slag discharge vehicle after passing through the steering guide wheel.

[0014] Preferably, the anti-dust and slag discharging system also includes a controller, which is electrically connected to the winch; a travel switch is arranged at the edge of one end of the slag unloading port close to the winch; the travel switch is electrically connected to the controller; and a blocking limit column is arranged at the end position of the track on the slag unloading platform.

[0015] Preferably, the dust reduction spray device includes an arch frame composed of a plurality of inverted U-shaped water pipes and a transverse water pipe, and the top surface and two long side surfaces of the arch frame are covered with a dustproof shed; the plurality of inverted U-shaped water pipes are connected through the transverse water pipe, and a spray port is provided at the top of the inverted U-shaped water pipe, and the lower end of one of the inverted U-shaped water pipes is extended to form a water inlet pipe, which is connected to a water source.

[0016] Preferably, the dustproof shed is made of transparent PVC material; fence cross bars are installed on the two long sides of the arch frame and the end surface away from the anchor hole door.

[0017] On the other hand, the present invention also proposes a dust-proof slag-discharging method for tunnel anchor holes, using the above-mentioned dust-proof slag-discharging system, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1. Drive the slag transfer truck to the bottom of the slag discharge port, and extend the lower end of the dustproof hose into the bucket of the slag transfer truck;

[0019] S2, using an excavator at the tunnel anchor hole face to transfer the slag to an empty slag truck, and using the excavator bucket to flatten and compact the slag in the slag truck;

[0020] S3, the cable is reeled in by the winch, and the slag truck moves along the track after receiving the lifting force of the cable;

[0021] S4. When the slag truck enters the slag unloading platform, the dust reduction spray device is started to spray water to the slag truck to moisten the slag on the slag truck; at the same time, the slag truck unloads the slag, and the slag passes through the unloading port and the dustproof hose in turn to reach the slag transfer truck.

[0022] Preferably, in step S4, during the slag unloading process, the dust reduction spray device always maintains a water spraying state.

[0023] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] (1) In the present invention, by providing a dust suppression spray device on the slag unloading platform and a dust prevention hose on the slag unloading port, when the slag unloading vehicle is unloading slag, the lower end of the dust prevention hose is extended into the bucket of the slag transfer vehicle, and the slag passes through the unloading port and the dust prevention hose in sequence before reaching the slag transfer vehicle. Therefore, the dust prevention hose can control the dust generated when the slag is dumped and limit the dumping direction. In addition, during the slag unloading process, the dust suppression spray device always maintains a water spraying state to moisten the slag on the slag unloading vehicle, effectively controlling the dust generated when the slag is unloaded, thereby purifying the construction environment and reducing the health hazards of slag dumping dust to construction workers.

[0025] (2) In the present invention, an elastic telescopic rope is provided on the dustproof hose. When the slag is not unloaded, the telescopic rope is in a shortened state to close the dustproof hose. When the slag is unloaded, the slag enters the dustproof hose from the slag unloading port, overcomes the elastic force of the telescopic rope and stretches the dustproof hose. Therefore, the telescopic rope enables the dustproof hose to be opened and closed. When the slag is not unloaded, the dustproof hose is closed, which can prevent falling objects. When the slag is unloaded, it can be automatically opened under the action of the slag. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the dust prevention and slag discharging system of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure below the slag unloading platform in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the upper structure of the slag unloading platform in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the slag discharge vehicle in the present invention when unloading slag;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the dustproof hose of the present invention when it is gathered and tightened.

[0032] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. Excavator; 2. Track; 3. Slag truck; 4. Winch; 5. Dust suppression spray device; 6. Controller; 7. Slag unloading platform; 8. Slag unloading port; 9. Dust-proof hose; 10. Platform column; 11. Slag transfer vehicle; 12. Curved track; 13. Anti-skid limit card; 14. Travel switch; 15. Guide wheel; 16. Cable; 17. Connecting ring; 18. Sleeper; 19. Anchor hole door; 20. Horizontal water pipe; 20a. Water inlet pipe; 21. Blocking limit column; 22. Roller; 23. Beam; 24. Buckle; 25. Fence crossbar; 26. Dust-proof shed; 27. Spray port; 28. Ear plate; 29. ​​Telescopic cable; 30. Tightening buckle; 31. Steering guide wheel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0035] As shown in the accompanying drawings, a dust-proof slag-discharging system for a tunnel anchor hole comprises a slag-discharging platform 7, a track 2 and a slag-discharging vehicle 3; the slag-discharging platform 7 is arranged at a position close to a tunnel door 19 of the tunnel anchor; the track 2 is laid starting from the slag-discharging platform 7 and extending to the tunnel face of the tunnel anchor hole; the slag-discharging vehicle 3 runs on the track 2; a winch 4 is installed on the ground, and a cable 16 on the winch 4 is connected to the slag-discharging vehicle 3; a slag-discharging port 8 is arranged on the slag-discharging port 8; a dust-proof hose 9 is arranged on the slag-discharging port 8, and the lower end of the dust-proof hose 9 extends into the bucket of a slag transfer vehicle 11; a dust-reducing spray device 5 is arranged on the slag-discharging platform 7.

[0036] Combination Figure 2 As shown, the slag unloading platform 7 is constructed by a plurality of platform columns 10, a beam body 23 and a platform panel.

[0037] In this embodiment, the distance that the lower end of the dustproof hose 9 extends into the bucket of the slag transfer vehicle 11 is 10 to 20 cm.

[0038] Combination Figure 5 As shown, a plurality of tightening buckles 30 are provided on the outer surface of the middle part of the dustproof hose 9; a telescopic rope 29 is commonly passed through the plurality of tightening buckles 30; the telescopic rope 29 is elastic; when the slag is not unloaded, the telescopic rope 29 is in a shortened state to gather and tighten the dustproof hose 9; when the slag is unloaded, the slag enters the dustproof hose 9 from the slag unloading port 8, overcomes the elastic force of the telescopic rope 29 and stretches the dustproof hose 9.

[0039] Combination Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, one of the tracks 2 at the position of the slag discharge port 8 is bent downward to form a curved track 12, and the other track 2 is a straight track; the slag discharge car 3 is a rail bottom-dumping mine car, including a car body and a bottom plate; one of the long sides of the bottom plate is hinged to the bottom edge of the car body through a hinge shaft, and the other long side of the bottom plate is clamped to the bottom edge of the car body through a buckle 24; a wheel pair is arranged on the bottom plate; rollers 22 are respectively arranged on both sides of the slag discharge port 8; ear plates 28 are respectively arranged on both sides of the car body of the slag discharge car 3; when the buckle 24 is in a loose state and the slag discharge car 3 enters the position of the slag discharge port 8, the rollers 22 are supported on the ear plates 28, one side of the wheel pair travels on the straight track at the slag discharge port 8, and the other side of the wheel pair travels on the curved track 12 at the slag discharge port 8, so that the bottom plate of the slag discharge car 3 is flipped downward around the hinge shaft to carry out slag discharge.

[0040] In this embodiment, connecting rings 17 are respectively provided on the front end face and the rear end face of the slag discharge vehicle 3; a steering guide wheel 31 is provided on the side wall of the anchor hole door 19; when the slag discharge vehicle 3 needs to be pulled forward, the cable 16 on the winch 4 is connected to the connecting ring 17 on the front end face of the slag discharge vehicle 3; when the slag discharge vehicle 3 needs to be pulled reversely, the cable 16 on the winch 4 is connected to the connecting ring 17 on the rear end face of the slag discharge vehicle 3 after bypassing the steering guide wheel 31.

[0041] In this embodiment, the anti-dust and slag discharge system also includes a controller 6, which is electrically connected to the winch 4; a travel switch 14 is provided at the edge of one end of the slag discharge port 8 close to the winch 4; the travel switch 16 is electrically connected to the controller 6; and a blocking limit column 21 is provided at the end position of the track 2 on the slag discharge platform 7.

[0042] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the dust suppression spray device 5 includes an arch frame composed of multiple inverted U-shaped water pipes and a transverse water pipe 20, and the top surface and two long side surfaces of the arch frame are covered with a dustproof shed 26; the multiple inverted U-shaped water pipes are connected through the transverse water pipe 20, and a spray port 27 is provided at the top of the inverted U-shaped water pipe, and the lower end of one of the inverted U-shaped water pipes is extended to form a water inlet pipe 20a, and the water inlet pipe 20a is connected to a water source, specifically, the water inlet pipe 20a is connected to a tap water pipe, or high-pressure water is pumped into the water inlet pipe 20a by a water pump.

[0043] In this embodiment, the dustproof shed 26 is made of transparent PVC material, and its main function is to ensure a certain brightness inside the shed. The dustproof shed 26 plays a good role in limiting the spread of dust.

[0044] In this embodiment, fence cross bars 25 are installed on the two long sides of the arch frame and the end face away from the anchor hole door 19. The fence cross bars 25 not only play the role of strengthening the arch frame, but also play a protective role to ensure the safety of the operator.

[0045] On the other hand, the present embodiment further provides a method for preventing dust and discharging slag in a tunnel anchor hole, using the above-mentioned dust and discharging slag system, comprising the following steps:

[0046] S1. Drive the slag transfer vehicle 11 to the bottom of the slag discharge port 8, and extend the lower end of the dustproof hose 9 into the bucket of the slag transfer vehicle 11;

[0047] S2, using the excavator 1 at the tunnel anchor hole face to transfer the slag to the empty slag truck 3, and using the bucket of the excavator 1 to flatten and compact the slag in the slag truck 3;

[0048] S3, the cable 16 is reeled in by the winch 4, and the slag car 3 is lifted by the cable 16 and moves along the track 2;

[0049] S4. When the slag truck 3 enters the slag unloading platform 7, the dust suppression spray device 5 is started to spray water to the slag truck 3 to moisten the slag on the slag truck 3; at the same time, the slag truck 3 unloads the slag, and the slag passes through the unloading port 8 and the dustproof hose 9 in sequence and then reaches the slag transfer truck 11.

[0050] Preferably, in step S4, during the slag unloading process, the dust reduction spray device 5 always maintains a water spraying state.

[0051] In summary, the dust-proof slag discharge system of the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes: track 2, slag discharge vehicle 3, winch 4, dust suppression spray device 5, controller 6, slag discharge platform 7, slag discharge port 8, dust-proof hose 9, platform column 10, slag transfer vehicle 11. When the tunnel anchor hole heading face is excavated to a certain depth, the excavator 1 alone cannot meet the required slag discharge efficiency requirements, and the dust-proof slag discharge system can be built. The main construction process is as follows:

[0052] 1. According to the actual situation, plan reasonable placement of the slag unloading platform 7, the passage for the slag transfer vehicle 11, the platform column 10, and the installation point of the winch 4, and use spray paint to mark the site;

[0053] 2. Isolate the site required for the installation of the dust-proof slag-discharging system and set up safety construction warning signs, and transfer the components and equipment required for the dust-proof slag-discharging system to the site;

[0054] 3. Carry out the construction of the foundation of the platform column 10, then erect the platform column 10, and after it is stable, start installing the beam 23 above the column;

[0055] 4. After the combined structure of the platform column 10 and the beam body 23 is stable, the table top of the slag unloading platform 7 is installed, and the slag unloading platform 7 is inspected and reinforced;

[0056] 5. After the slag unloading platform 7 is installed and meets the stability requirements for construction, the hoist 4, controller 6, slag unloading port 8, dust suppression spray device 5, curved rail 12, track 2, roller 22, travel switch 14, blocking limit column 21, and guide wheel 15 are installed in sequence;

[0057] 6. Install the dustproof hose 9 and adjust the position of its outlet according to the actual situation;

[0058] 7. Place the slag truck 3 on the slag unloading platform 7, and use the cable 16 to connect the connecting ring 17 of the slag transport 3. The cable 16 is placed on the guide wheel 15, and the guide wheel 15 is used to guide

[0059] 8. After the above installation is completed, the track 2 in the tunnel is laid. The track 2 follows the tunnel face. The installation steps of the track 2 in the tunnel anchor hole are as follows:

[0060] (1) Level the track laying site, backfill the excavated pits and level the protrusions;

[0061] (2) Laying sleepers 18;

[0062] (3) Lay track 2 and reinforce the locations where the slope changes greatly in the anchor hole.

[0063] The specific use process of the dust prevention and slag discharging system provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0064] After the excavator 1 at the tunnel anchor hole heading face transfers the slag to the empty slag truck 3, the slag in the slag truck 3 is flattened and compacted by using the bucket of the excavator 1.

[0065] Subsequently, the controller 6 controls the winch 4 to reel in the cable 16, and the slag car 3 starts to travel at a constant speed along the track 2 after receiving the lifting force of the cable 16. When the slag car 3 reaches the anchor hole door 19, the controller 6 controls the winch 4 to stop stretching, and releases the buckle 24 between the carriage and the bottom plate of the slag car 3, and then starts the winch 4 again, so that the slag car 3 slowly enters the slag unloading platform 7, and the dust reduction spray device 5 is turned on at the same time.

[0066] When the slag truck 3 enters the slag unloading platform 7, the dust suppression spray device 5 on the slag unloading platform 7 sprays pressurized water toward the slag truck 3 to wet the slag soil. This spraying process stops after the slag truck 3 is dumped.

[0067] A travel switch 14 is provided on the slag discharge port 8. When the slag discharge vehicle 3 reaches the center of the slag discharge port 8, the travel switch 14 touches the slag discharge vehicle 3, and the signal of the travel switch 14 is transmitted to the controller 6 to control the winch 4 to stop rotating immediately to achieve the braking purpose.

[0068] When the slag truck 3 reaches the center of the slag discharge port 8 , the slag truck 3 discharges the slag under the action of the curved track 12 , and the slag is sequentially transported from the slag discharge port 8 and the dustproof hose 9 to the slag transfer truck 11 .

[0069] When the slag unloading is completed, the connecting ring 17 on the front end surface of the slag discharge vehicle 3 is released from the cable 16 and the cable 16 of a suitable length is released. Then, the cable 16 is passed around the steering guide wheel 31 at the side wall of the anchor hole door 19 and connected to the connecting ring 17 on the rear end surface of the slag discharge vehicle 3. Then, the winch 4 is started to pull the slag discharge vehicle 3 back to the position of the anchor hole door 19 in the reverse direction.

[0070] Subsequently, the cable 16 is reconnected to the connecting ring 17 on the front end surface of the slag car 3; the buckle 24 of the slag car 3 is locked, and the winch 4 slowly and steadily releases the cable 16, and the slag car 3 is returned to the face under the action of gravity.

[0071] In this embodiment, the slag car 3 is a bottom-dumping mine car, which includes a carriage and a bottom plate. The carriage and the bottom plate are connected by a buckle 24. The carriage and the bottom plate of the slag car 3 can be connected or disconnected by locking or releasing the buckle 24. After releasing the buckle 24, as the slag car 3 enters the slag unloading platform 7, the rollers 22 are supported on the ear plates 28. When the carriage is supported by the rollers 22 and lifted, the bottom plate of the slag car 3 opens under the action of gravity, and the bottom plate is controlled to fall in a direction by the curved rail 12. A blocking limit column 21 is provided at the end of the track 2 on the slag unloading platform 7 to prevent the winch 4 from pulling the slag car 3 beyond the track 2 due to an unexpected failure.

[0072] After each slag discharge is completed, the slag discharge vehicle 3 is parked on the slag unloading platform 7. In order to prevent the slag discharge vehicle 3 from accidentally sliding down, anti-skid limiting cards 13 are arranged at its two wheels for braking and locking the wheels. The structure of the anti-skid limiting card 13 is similar to the locking structure on the universal caster. It is a conventional existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0073] In this embodiment, the dust-proof hose 9 is made of wear-resistant canvas, and its outlet is located about 10 cm to 20 cm below the top of the bucket of the slag transfer truck to achieve the purpose of controlling the inclination direction of the slag and dust; in addition, a telescopic rope 29 is provided on the dust-proof hose 9. When the construction is stopped, the telescopic rope 29 can be used to retract and tighten the dust-proof hose 9 to achieve the purpose of closing the slag unloading channel and preventing falling objects.

[0074] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dust-proof slag discharge system for a tunnel anchor hole, comprising a slag discharge platform (7), a track (2) and a slag discharge vehicle (3); the slag discharge platform (7) is arranged at a position close to a tunnel anchor hole door (19); the track (2) is laid starting from the slag discharge platform (7) and extending to a position of a tunnel face of the tunnel anchor hole; the slag discharge vehicle (3) runs on the track (2); a winch (4) is installed on the ground, and a cable (16) on the winch (4) is connected to the slag discharge vehicle (3); the characteristics are: A slag discharge port (8) is provided on the slag discharge platform (7); a dustproof hose (9) is provided on the slag discharge port (8), and the lower end of the dustproof hose (9) extends into the bucket of the slag transfer vehicle (11); A dust reduction spray device (5) is provided on the slag unloading platform (7).

2. The dust-proof slag-discharging system for tunnel anchor holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance from the lower end of the dustproof hose (9) extending into the bucket of the slag transfer vehicle (11) is 10 to 20 cm.

3. The dust-proof and slag-discharging system for tunnel anchor holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of tightening buckles (30) are arranged on the outer surface of the middle part of the dustproof hose (9); a retractable rope (29) is passed through the plurality of tightening buckles (30); the retractable rope (29) is elastic; When the slag is not discharged, the telescopic rope (29) is in a shortened state to retract the dustproof hose (9); When the slag is unloaded, the slag enters the dustproof hose (9) from the slag unloading port (8), overcomes the elastic force of the telescopic rope (29) and stretches the dustproof hose (9) open.

4. The dust-proof slag-discharging system for tunnel anchor holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: One of the rails (2) at the position of the slag discharge port (8) is bent downward to form a curved rail (12), and the other rail (2) is a straight rail; The slag discharge vehicle (3) comprises a vehicle body and a bottom plate; one of the long sides of the bottom plate is hinged to the bottom edge of the vehicle body via a hinge shaft, and the other long side of the bottom plate is clamped to the bottom edge of the vehicle body via a buckle (24); a wheel pair is arranged on the bottom plate; rollers (22) are respectively arranged on both sides of the slag discharge port (8); and ear plates (28) are respectively arranged on both sides of the vehicle body of the slag discharge vehicle (3); When the buckle (24) is in a released state and the slag discharge vehicle (3) drives to the position of the slag discharge port (8), the roller (22) is supported on the ear plate (28), the wheel on one side of the wheelset runs on the straight track at the slag discharge port (8), and the wheel on the other side of the wheelset runs on the curved track (12) at the slag discharge port (8), so that the bottom plate of the slag discharge vehicle (3) flips downward around the hinge axis.

5. The dust-proof slag-discharging system for tunnel anchor holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting ring (17) is provided on the front end face and the rear end face of the slag discharge vehicle (3), respectively; a steering guide wheel (31) is provided on the side wall of the anchor hole door (19); When the slag discharge vehicle (3) needs to be pulled forward, the cable (16) on the hoist (4) is connected to the connecting ring (17) on the front end surface of the slag discharge vehicle (3); When the slag discharge vehicle (3) needs to be pulled in the reverse direction, the cable (16) on the hoist (4) passes around the steering guide wheel (31) and is connected to the connecting ring (17) on the rear end surface of the slag discharge vehicle (3).

6. The dust-proof and slag-discharging system for tunnel anchor holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a controller (6), the controller (6) being electrically connected to the hoist (4); a travel switch (14) being arranged at an edge position of one end of the slag discharge port (8) close to the hoist (4); the travel switch (16) being electrically connected to the controller (6); and a blocking limit column (21) being arranged at the end position of the track (2) on the slag discharge platform (7).

7. The dust-proof slag-discharging system for tunnel anchor holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust suppression spray device (5) comprises an arch frame formed by a plurality of inverted U-shaped water pipes and a transverse water pipe (20), and a dustproof shed (26) is covered on the top surface and two long side surfaces of the arch frame; the plurality of inverted U-shaped water pipes are connected via the transverse water pipe (20), a spray port (27) is provided at the top of the inverted U-shaped water pipe, the lower end of one of the inverted U-shaped water pipes is extended to form a water inlet pipe (20a), and the water inlet pipe (20a) is connected to a water source.

8. The dust-proof slag-discharging system for tunnel anchor holes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The dustproof shed (26) is made of transparent PVC material; fence cross bars (25) are installed on the two long side faces of the arch frame and the end face away from the anchor hole door (19).

9. A method for preventing dust and slag discharge in tunnel anchor holes, characterized in that: The dust-proof slag-discharging system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps: S1. Drive the slag transfer vehicle (11) to the position directly below the slag discharge port (8), and extend the lower end of the dustproof hose (9) into the bucket of the slag transfer vehicle (11); S2, using an excavator (1) at the tunnel anchor hole face to transfer the slag to an empty slag truck (3), and using the bucket of the excavator (1) to flatten and compact the slag in the slag truck (3); S3, using the winch (4) to reel in the cable (16), the slag truck (3) is lifted by the cable (16) and then moves along the track (2); S4. When the slag truck (3) enters the slag unloading platform (7), the dust suppression spray device (5) is started to spray water to the slag truck (3) to moisten the slag on the slag truck (3); at the same time, the slag truck (3) unloads the slag, and the slag passes through the unloading port (8) and the dust-proof hose (9) in sequence and then reaches the slag transfer truck (11).

10. A dust-proof slag-discharging method for tunnel anchor holes as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: In step S4, during the slag unloading process, the dust reduction spray device (5) always maintains a water spraying state.

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