Rock burst protection structure, method, device and equipment for tunnel floor

Abstract

The present disclosure proposes an impact ground pressure protection structure, method, device and equipment for a tunnel floor. The structure is arranged in the area below the tunnel floor, and the structure includes: a deep anchor cable anchoring layer, an energy reflecting layer, an energy absorbing buffer layer, and a shallow anchor rod anchoring layer. The deep anchor cable anchoring layer is located below a preset over-excavation area of ​​the tunnel floor, and the deep anchor cable anchoring layer is obtained by arranging anchor cables in the bottom rock layer; the energy reflecting layer is arranged above the deep anchor cable anchoring layer, and the energy reflecting layer includes: a plurality of concrete piers of a first preset height parallel to the tunnel floor, wherein each concrete pier is spaced apart by a first preset distance; the energy absorbing buffer layer is arranged above the energy reflecting layer, and the energy absorbing buffer layer is obtained by filling a porous ultra-light energy absorbing material of a second preset height above the energy reflecting layer; the shallow anchor rod anchoring layer is arranged above the energy absorbing buffer layer, and the shallow anchor rod anchoring layer is obtained by filling concrete of a third preset height above the energy absorbing buffer layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of mine safety technology, and in particular to a rock burst protection structure, method, device and equipment for a tunnel floor. Background Art

[0002] Rock burst refers to the instantaneous, high-intensity impact caused by sudden stress release in coal mine tunnels. Rock burst not only causes tunnel deformation and equipment damage, but also poses a serious threat to the lives of miners.

[0003] In related technologies, traditional measures for preventing tunnel floors from impact are mostly single prevention and control means, which cannot effectively prevent and control deformation and damage to tunnels caused by impact. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present disclosure aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0005] To this end, the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a rock burst protection structure, method, device and electronic equipment for a tunnel floor.

[0006] The impact ground pressure protection structure for the tunnel floor proposed in the first embodiment of the present disclosure is characterized in that the structure is arranged in the area below the tunnel floor and includes: a deep anchor cable anchoring layer, an energy reflection layer, an energy absorption buffer layer, and a shallow anchor rod anchoring layer, wherein:

[0007] The deep anchor cable anchoring layer is located below the preset over-excavation area of ​​the tunnel floor. The deep anchor cable anchoring layer is obtained by setting anchor cables in the floor rock layer.

[0008] The energy reflection layer is arranged above the deep anchor cable anchoring layer, and the energy reflection layer includes: a plurality of concrete piers of a first preset height parallel to the tunnel floor, wherein each concrete pier is spaced apart by a first preset distance;

[0009] The energy absorbing buffer layer is arranged above the energy reflecting layer, and the energy absorbing buffer layer is obtained by filling a second preset height of porous ultra-light energy absorbing material above the energy reflecting layer;

[0010] The shallow anchor bolt anchoring layer is arranged above the energy absorbing buffer layer, and the shallow anchor bolt anchoring layer is obtained by filling concrete with a third preset height above the energy absorbing buffer layer.

[0011] A second embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for protecting a tunnel floor from rock burst, the method comprising:

[0012] Determine a preset over-excavation area below the roadway floor of the roadway;

[0013] Based on the preset over-excavation area, an impact ground pressure protection structure for the tunnel floor as described in the first embodiment is set.

[0014] A third embodiment of the present disclosure provides a rock burst protection device for a tunnel floor, the device comprising:

[0015] a determination module for determining a preset over-excavation area below a roadway floor of the roadway;

[0016] A setting module is used to set the impact ground pressure protection structure for the tunnel floor as described in the first embodiment based on a preset over-excavation area.

[0017] The electronic device proposed in the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and runnable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the impact ground pressure protection method for the tunnel floor proposed in the second embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] The fifth embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, it implements the impact ground pressure protection method for the tunnel floor proposed in the second embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] The sixth embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a computer program product. When the instructions in the computer program product are executed by a processor, the impact ground pressure protection method for the tunnel floor proposed in the second embodiment of the present disclosure is executed.

[0020] The impact ground pressure protection structure, method, device and electronic equipment for the tunnel floor provided by the present disclosure have at least the following beneficial effects: the impact ground pressure protection structure for the tunnel floor is arranged in the area below the tunnel floor, and the structure includes: a deep anchor cable anchoring layer, an energy reflection layer, an energy absorption buffer layer, and a shallow rod anchoring layer, wherein the deep anchor cable anchoring layer is located below the preset over-excavation area of ​​the tunnel floor, and the deep anchor cable anchoring layer is obtained by arranging anchor cables in the bottom rock layer; the energy reflection layer is arranged above the deep anchor cable anchoring layer, and the energy reflection layer includes: a plurality of concrete piers of a first preset height parallel to the tunnel floor, wherein each concrete pier is spaced apart by a first preset distance; the energy absorption buffer layer is arranged above the energy reflection layer, and the energy absorption buffer layer is obtained by The shallow anchor bolt anchoring layer is arranged above the energy absorbing buffer layer, and the shallow anchor bolt anchoring layer is obtained by filling the energy absorbing buffer layer with concrete of a third preset height. Thus, through the anchoring measures combining deep and shallow parts, multi-level impact-resistant support is provided, and the mechanical properties of the deep and shallow bottom plates are changed through structural reshaping, so that the support body composed of anchor bolts / cables-surrounding rock has stronger energy dissipation and absorption capacity, thereby enhancing the impact resistance and bearing capacity of the bottom plate, reducing the risk of tunnel deformation, and through the setting of the energy reflecting layer and the energy absorbing buffer layer, a dual prevention and control measure of energy reflection + energy absorption is formed, which effectively reduces the transmission of impact energy to the shallow bottom plate and enhances the overall safety of the tunnel bottom plate.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will be given in part in the description below and in part will be obvious from the description below, or will be learned through practice of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a rock burst protection structure for a tunnel floor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the energy-absorbing buffer layer proposed in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 3 1 is a flow chart of a method for protecting tunnel floor from rock bursts according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 4 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rock burst protection device for a tunnel floor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 5A block diagram of an exemplary electronic device suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following describes in detail embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended only to explain the present disclosure and are not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure. On the contrary, the embodiments of the present disclosure include all variations, modifications, and equivalents that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an impact ground pressure protection structure for a tunnel floor proposed in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the rock burst protection structure for the tunnel floor is arranged in the area below the tunnel floor, and includes: a deep anchor cable anchoring layer, an energy reflection layer, an energy absorption buffer layer, and a shallow anchor rod anchoring layer.

[0031] Among them, the deep anchor cable anchoring layer is located below the preset over-excavation area of ​​the tunnel floor, and the deep anchor cable anchoring layer is obtained by setting anchor cables in the floor rock layer.

[0032] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, see the above Figure 1 That is, the tunnel floor can be over-excavated downward to determine a preset over-excavation area to provide sufficient space for the setting of the impact ground pressure protection structure for the tunnel floor. The size of the preset over-excavation area can be adaptively set in combination with the mining and ground stress data of the tunnel, and there is no restriction on this.

[0033] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, see the above Figure 1 Below the preset over-excavation area of ​​the tunnel floor is the bottom rock layer. Anchor cables can be set in the bottom rock layer, and the bottom rock layer where the anchor cables are set is determined as the deep anchor cable anchoring layer.

[0034] In the disclosed embodiment, by reshaping the bottom rock layer below the preset over-excavation area, the support body composed of the anchor cable and the bottom rock layer (deep anchor cable anchoring layer) has stronger energy dissipation and absorption capabilities, thereby further enhancing the impact resistance of the deep surrounding rock.

[0035] The energy reflection layer is arranged above the deep anchor cable anchoring layer, and the energy reflection layer includes: a plurality of concrete piers with a first preset height parallel to the tunnel floor, wherein each concrete pier is spaced apart by a first preset distance.

[0036] The first preset height and the first preset distance can be adaptively set according to the actual conditions of the lane, and there is no restriction on this.

[0037] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, see the above Figure 1 That is, in a preset over-excavation area above the deep anchor cable anchoring layer, a plurality of concrete piers of a first preset height are arranged parallel to the tunnel floor at a first preset distance as an energy reflection layer.

[0038] In the disclosed embodiments, the energy reflection layer utilizes the support provided by the concrete piers to enhance the roadway floor's load-bearing capacity. More importantly, the concrete piers are spaced at a first predetermined distance, and the reserved holes between them reduce the overall wave impedance of the layer. Based on the relationship between energy propagation and dielectric wave impedance, the lower the dielectric wave impedance, the more incident energy will be reflected, preventing most of the energy from entering the dielectric. This reduces the proportion of impact energy that is transferred to the upper structure.

[0039] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, a first rigid plate may be laid on top of the energy reflecting layer, thereby facilitating the arrangement of other structures.

[0040] The energy absorbing buffer layer is arranged above the energy reflecting layer, and the energy absorbing buffer layer is obtained by filling a porous ultra-light energy absorbing material with a second preset height above the energy reflecting layer.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the porous ultra-light energy-absorbing material is foam concrete.

[0042] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the energy-absorbing buffer layer adopts a porous ultra-light energy-absorbing material to effectively absorb the impact energy transmitted from the energy-reflecting layer and reduce its transmission to the upper structure.

[0043] In the embodiments of this disclosure, see Figure 2 , Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the energy-absorbing buffer layer proposed in an embodiment of the present disclosure. The impact ground pressure protection structure also includes: a first rigid plate and a second rigid plate, wherein the first rigid plate is arranged between the energy-reflecting layer and the energy-absorbing buffer layer; the second rigid plate is arranged between the energy-absorbing buffer layer and the shallow anchor rod anchoring layer.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, by arranging rigid plates above and below the energy absorbing buffer layer, the porous ultra-light energy absorbing material can be prevented from being damaged, and the arrangement of the shallow anchoring layer can be facilitated.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the second preset height is determined based on the following method: obtaining the rock physical and mechanical parameters of the tunnel surrounding rock and the ground stress data of the tunnel; and determining the second preset height based on the rock physical and mechanical parameters and the ground stress data.

[0046] Among them, see the above Figure 1 , tunnel surrounding rock includes: Figure 1 The roof rock layer, coal seam and floor rock layer are shown.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the second preset height is determined based on the rock physical and mechanical parameters and the ground stress data. The rock physical and mechanical parameters and the ground stress data can be input into the simulation model to determine the tunnel deformation information corresponding to different initial preset heights, wherein the tunnel deformation information is used to describe the deformation of the tunnel. When the tunnel deformation information indicates that the tunnel has not been deformed, the minimum initial preset height corresponding to the tunnel deformation information is determined, and the minimum initial preset height is determined as the second preset height.

[0048] The simulation model may be, for example, a 3D Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3D (FLAC 3D) model, which is not limited.

[0049] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the second preset height can be adjusted and optimized according to the specific conditions of different lanes, so as to adapt to the characteristics of different lanes.

[0050] For example, the ground stress data can be obtained in combination with previous monitoring data (the maximum impact energy value is 106J, and the ground stress test in the tunnel obtained a maximum horizontal principal stress of 27MPa, a minimum horizontal principal stress of 16MPa, and a vertical stress of 25Mpa). Rock samples are obtained from the tunnel floor and sent to the laboratory to measure the rock physical and mechanical parameters (for example, the uniaxial compressive strength is 80MPa, the elastic modulus is 6.3GPa, the Poisson's ratio is 0.35, and the internal friction angle is 35°). The ground stress data and rock mechanical parameters are imported into the simulation model to simulate the tunnel deformation under different buffer energy absorption layer thicknesses. The minimum buffer energy absorption layer thickness that can ensure the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock is selected as the second preset height.

[0051] The shallow anchor bolt anchoring layer is arranged above the energy absorbing buffer layer, and the shallow anchor bolt anchoring layer is obtained by filling concrete with a third preset height above the energy absorbing buffer layer.

[0052] In the implementation of the present disclosure, anchor rods of a third preset height are provided in the concrete of the third preset height in a direction perpendicular to the tunnel floor.

[0053] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the third preset height is determined based on the following method: determining the depth of the preset over-excavation area; determining a first difference between the depth and the first preset height; determining a third difference between the first difference and the second preset height; and determining the third difference as the third preset height.

[0054] That is to say, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the remaining space in the preset over-excavation area can be backfilled with concrete on the second rigid plate. After the concrete is finally set, high prestressed strong anchor rods are set in the concrete to form a shallow anchor rod anchoring layer. By reshaping the structure and changing the mechanical properties of the shallow bottom plate, the integrity is improved, and the support body composed of anchor rods and surrounding rock has stronger energy dissipation and absorption capabilities, thereby enhancing the impact resistance of the shallow surrounding rock.

[0055] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of a method for protecting tunnel floor from rock bursts proposed in another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0056] Among them, it should be noted that the executor of the impact ground pressure protection method for the tunnel floor of this embodiment is the impact ground pressure protection device for the tunnel floor, which can be implemented by software and / or hardware. The device can be configured in an electronic device, and the electronic device can include but is not limited to a terminal, a server, etc. For example, the terminal can be a mobile phone, a handheld computer, etc.

[0057] like Figure 3 As shown, the rock burst protection method for the tunnel floor comprises:

[0058] S301: Determine a preset over-excavation area below the tunnel floor of the tunnel.

[0059] For detailed explanations of the same terms in the embodiments of the present disclosure and the above embodiments, please refer to the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0060] S302: Setting the rock burst protection structure for the tunnel floor as described above based on the preset over-excavation area.

[0061] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, after determining the preset over-excavation area, a deep anchor cable anchoring layer in the impact ground pressure protection structure for the tunnel floor may be set below the preset over-excavation area, and an energy reflection layer, an energy absorption buffer layer, and a shallow anchor rod anchoring layer in the impact ground pressure protection structure for the tunnel floor may be set inside the preset over-excavation area. The specific setting method can be found in the above description and will not be repeated here.

[0062] For example, a method for protecting against rock bursts in a tunnel floor involves overexcavating 3 meters below the floor. Anchor cables are installed at the bottom of the overexcavation space. The anchor cables are 21.8 mm in diameter and 3.2 m long, using 1×19-strand mining steel strand with a tensile strength of 1860 MPa. The initial preload force of the anchor cables is set at 200 kN. The spacing of the anchor cables in the floor can be determined based on the tunnel width, for example, between 1.5 and 2 m. After the anchor cables are installed, concrete piers with a diameter of 200 mm and a height of 100 mm are installed at intervals at the bottom. Each pier is spaced 200 mm apart. A first rigid plate is placed above it. This first plate can be a 100 mm thick precast concrete slab. A second energy-absorbing buffer layer is placed above the first rigid plate to a predetermined height. This energy-absorbing buffer layer can be made of foam concrete. A second rigid plate, 100mm thick precast concrete slab, is laid above the energy-absorbing buffer layer. Concrete is backfilled above the second rigid plate to a third preset height, which is at least 1.6m. After the concrete has completely set, anchor rods are installed in the concrete. The specifications are 20mm diameter, 1.6m long, and made of 500 steel grade, left-handed, unreinforced threaded steel. The initial preload torque of the anchor rods is set to 350Nm. Finally, the roadway is leveled to ensure pedestrian and material transport access.

[0063] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, a preset over-excavation area is determined below the tunnel floor of the tunnel, and an impact ground pressure protection structure as described above for the tunnel floor is set based on the preset over-excavation area. This can effectively prevent and control deformation and damage to the tunnel caused by impact ground pressure, and the method is highly operational.

[0064] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of an impact ground pressure protection device for a tunnel floor proposed in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0065] like Figure 4 As shown, the rock burst protection device 400 for the tunnel floor comprises:

[0066] A determination module 401 is configured to determine a preset over-excavation area below the roadway floor of the roadway;

[0067] The setting module 402 is used to set the rock burst protection structure for the tunnel floor as described above based on a preset over-excavation area.

[0068] It should be noted that the above explanation of the impact ground pressure protection method for the tunnel floor is also applicable to the impact ground pressure protection device for the tunnel floor of this embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0069] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, a preset over-excavation area is determined below the tunnel floor of the tunnel, and an impact ground pressure protection structure as described above for the tunnel floor is set based on the preset over-excavation area. This can effectively prevent and control deformation and damage to the tunnel caused by impact ground pressure, and the method is highly operational.

[0070] Figure 5 A block diagram of an exemplary electronic device suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 5 The electronic device shown is only an example and should not limit the functions and scope of use of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0071] like Figure 5 As shown, the electronic device is implemented as a general-purpose computing device. Components of the electronic device may include, but are not limited to, one or more processors or processing units 16, a memory 28, and a bus 18 connecting various system components (including the system memory 28 and the processing unit 16).

[0072] Bus 18 represents one or more of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, a processor, or a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. Examples of these architectures include, but are not limited to, the Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, the Micro Channel Architecture (MAC) bus, the Enhanced ISA bus, the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and the Peripheral Component Interconnection (PCI) bus.

[0073] Electronic devices typically include a variety of computer system readable media. These media can be any available media that can be accessed by the electronic device, including volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media.

[0074] The memory 28 may include computer system readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM) 30 and / or cache memory 32. The electronic device may further include other removable / non-removable, volatile / non-volatile computer system storage media. By way of example only, the storage system 34 may be used to read and write non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media ( Figure 5 Not shown, usually called a "hard drive").

[0075] although Figure 5 Although not shown, a disk drive for reading and writing to a removable non-volatile disk (e.g., a floppy disk) and an optical disk drive for reading and writing to a removable non-volatile optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disc Read Only Memory (CD-ROM), a Digital Video Disc Read Only Memory (DVD-ROM), or other optical media) may be provided. In these cases, each drive may be connected to bus 18 via one or more data media interfaces. Memory 28 may include at least one program product having a set (e.g., at least one) of program modules configured to perform the functions of various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0076] A program / utility 40 having a set (at least one) of program modules 42 may be stored, for example, in memory 28. Such program modules 42 include, but are not limited to, an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each of which, or some combination thereof, may include an implementation of a network environment. Program modules 42 generally implement the functions and / or methodologies described in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0077] The electronic device can also communicate with one or more external devices 14 (e.g., a keyboard, pointing device, display 24, etc.), one or more devices that enable human interaction with the electronic device, and / or any device that enables the electronic device to communicate with one or more other computing devices (e.g., a network card, a modem, etc.). This communication can occur via an input / output (I / O) interface 22. Furthermore, the electronic device can communicate with one or more networks (e.g., a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and / or a public network such as the Internet) via a network adapter 20. As shown, the network adapter 20 communicates with other modules of the electronic device via bus 18. It should be understood that, although not shown in the figure, other hardware and / or software modules may be used in conjunction with the electronic device, including but not limited to microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data backup storage systems.

[0078] The processing unit 16 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the programs stored in the system memory 28, such as implementing the rock burst protection method for the tunnel floor mentioned in the above embodiment.

[0079] In order to implement the above embodiments, the present disclosure also proposes a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the impact ground pressure protection method for the tunnel floor proposed in the above embodiments of the present disclosure is implemented.

[0080] In order to implement the above embodiments, the present disclosure further proposes a computer program product. When the instruction processor in the computer program product is executed, the impact ground pressure protection method for the tunnel floor proposed in the above embodiments of the present disclosure is executed.

[0081] Other embodiments of the present disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure that follow from the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

[0082] It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the exact structures that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

[0083] It should be noted that, in the description of this disclosure, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more.

[0084] Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, segment or portion of code that includes one or more executable instructions for implementing the steps of a specific logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed out of the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present disclosure belong.

[0085] It should be understood that various parts of the present disclosure can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented using hardware, as in another embodiment, any one of the following technologies known in the art or a combination thereof can be used: a discrete logic circuit having logic gate circuits for implementing logic functions on data signals, an application-specific integrated circuit having suitable combinational logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0086] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the method of the above embodiment can be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiment.

[0087] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be integrated into a single processing module, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single module. The aforementioned integrated modules may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional modules. If the integrated modules are implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0088] The storage medium mentioned above can be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc.

[0089] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0090] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limitations on the present disclosure. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A rock burst protection structure for a tunnel floor, characterized in that: The structure is set in the area below the tunnel floor, and includes: a deep anchor cable anchoring layer, an energy reflection layer, an energy absorption buffer layer, and a shallow anchor rod anchoring layer, wherein: The deep anchor cable anchoring layer is located below the preset over-excavation area of ​​the tunnel floor, and the deep anchor cable anchoring layer is obtained by setting anchor cables in the floor rock layer; The energy reflection layer is arranged above the deep anchor cable anchoring layer, and the energy reflection layer comprises: a plurality of concrete piers of a first preset height parallel to the roadway floor, wherein each of the concrete piers is spaced apart by a first preset distance; The energy absorbing buffer layer is arranged above the energy reflecting layer, and the energy absorbing buffer layer is obtained by filling a porous ultra-light energy absorbing material with a second preset height above the energy reflecting layer; The shallow anchor bolt anchoring layer is arranged above the energy absorbing buffer layer, and the shallow anchor bolt anchoring layer is obtained by filling concrete with a third preset height above the energy absorbing buffer layer.

2. The structure according to claim 1, characterized in that Anchor rods of the third preset height are arranged in the concrete of the third preset height in a direction perpendicular to the tunnel floor.

3. The structure according to claim 1, wherein The rock burst protection structure further comprises: a first rigid plate and a second rigid plate, wherein: The first rigid plate is arranged between the energy reflecting layer and the energy absorbing buffer layer; The second rigid plate is arranged between the energy absorbing buffer layer and the shallow anchor bolt anchoring layer.

4. The structure according to claim 1, wherein The second preset height is determined based on the following method: Obtaining rock physical and mechanical parameters of the tunnel surrounding rock and ground stress data of the tunnel; The second preset height is determined according to the rock physical and mechanical parameters and the ground stress data.

5. The structure according to claim 4, characterized in that The determining the second preset height according to the rock physical and mechanical parameters and the ground stress data includes: Inputting the rock physical and mechanical parameters and the ground stress data into a simulation model to determine tunnel deformation information corresponding to different initial preset heights, wherein the tunnel deformation information is used to describe the deformation of the tunnel; When the lane deformation information indicates that the lane has not been deformed, determining a minimum initial preset height corresponding to the lane deformation information; The minimum initial preset height is determined as the second preset height.

6. The structure according to claim 1, wherein The third preset height is determined based on the following method: Determining the depth of the preset over-excavation area; determining a first difference between the depth and the first predetermined height; determining a third difference between the first difference and the second predetermined height; The third difference is determined as the third preset height.

7. The structure according to claim 1, wherein: The porous ultra-light energy-absorbing material is foam concrete.

8. A method for protecting tunnel floor from rock burst, characterized in that: The method comprises: Determine a preset over-excavation area below the roadway floor of the roadway; Based on the preset over-excavation area, an impact ground pressure protection structure for the tunnel floor as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is set.

9. A rock burst protection device for a tunnel floor, characterized in that: The device comprises: a determination module for determining a preset over-excavation area below a roadway floor of the roadway; A setting module is used to set the impact ground pressure protection structure for the tunnel floor as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 based on the preset over-excavation area.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: at least one processor; as well as a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method described in claim 8.

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