L-shaped directional drilling blasting pressure relief method

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses an L-shaped directional drilling blasting pressure relief method, relates to the technical field of blasting pressure relief drilling, and can improve the blasting safety, the explosive loading speed and the blasting pressure relief efficiency of deep hole blasting pressure relief. The method comprises the steps that a directional drilling machine is used for constructing an L-shaped long-distance horizontal drill hole in a key layer position or a key area of a coal seam roof; the emulsion explosive is injected into the L-shaped drill hole through a pumping device; the bottom of the drill hole is filled with mixed explosives through mixed filling equipment, the drill hole is plugged through a hole packer, and the mixed explosives are prevented from flowing out; and after all safety measures are ensured to be in place, detonating the L-shaped drill hole for one time or multiple times so as to presplit and relieve the pressure of the surrounding rock of the top plate. The embodiment of the invention is suitable for the scene of deep hole blasting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of blasting pressure relief drilling, and in particular to an L-shaped directional blasting pressure relief method. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing demand for engineering drilling, the depth of mines has also increased, and rock burst disasters have become more frequent. Among the rock burst control methods, the existing drilling and blasting pressure relief technology has the problems of drilling accuracy not meeting the requirements and difficulty in controlling the direction of the drill bit during the drilling process. The method of short-hole blasting pressure relief in underground tunnels is too dangerous, has a great impact on the safe and efficient production of coal mines, has low construction efficiency, is prone to blind shots, and has greatly limited its scope of application.

[0003] However, directional drilling rigs have high drilling accuracy and can accurately adjust the angle and position of the drilling hole. At the same time, the emulsion explosive pumping loading technology can realize the loading of large-length holes and is not prone to blind shots. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide an L-shaped directional drilling blasting pressure relief method, which improves the blasting safety, charging speed and blasting efficiency of deep hole blasting pressure relief.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: An embodiment of the present invention provides an L-shaped directional drilling blasting pressure relief method, the method comprising: Use directional drilling rigs to construct L-shaped long-distance horizontal boreholes in key layers or key areas of the coal seam roof; The emulsion explosive is injected into the L-shaped borehole by means of a pumping device; Use mixed filling equipment to fill the bottom of the borehole with mixed explosives, and seal the borehole with a hole sealer to prevent the mixed explosives from flowing out; After ensuring that all safety measures are in place, one or more explosions are carried out in the L-shaped borehole to pre-crack and depressurize the surrounding rock of the roof.

[0006] Optionally, before using a directional drill to construct an L-shaped long-distance horizontal borehole in a key layer or key area of ​​the coal seam roof, the method also includes: selecting a suitable directional drilling rig airport, and constructing a long-distance vertical borehole downward according to the L-shaped drilling design and layout data; when the vertical drilling is constructed to the key layer of the coal seam roof, constructing a long-distance horizontal borehole in the horizontal direction toward the key area above the coal seam roof, so that the surrounding rock of the coal seam roof can be pre-cracked and decompressed after the drilling blasting is decompressed.

[0007] Optionally, when constructing a long-distance vertical borehole downward, the depth of the vertical borehole is greater than the thickness of the surface overburden of the ground and less than the underground depth of the coal seam roof.

[0008] Optionally, the L-shaped boreholes are detonated once or multiple times to pre-crack and depressurize the roof surrounding rock, including: designing a pre-crack blasting depressurization scheme according to the geological characteristics of the coal seam roof surrounding rock, determining the number of L-shaped boreholes, adjacent row spacing, charge amount in each borehole, charge method and detonator section; loading explosives in the horizontal boreholes of the L-shaped boreholes, using segmented charging or continuous charging at the bottom of the boreholes to control the concentrated and dispersed release areas of blasting depressurization energy; controlling the blasting depressurization timing to detonate the mixed explosives in multiple L-shaped boreholes; through the high-speed gas propulsion wave and shock wave generated by the blasting depressurization, the roof surrounding rock is cracked in a predetermined direction and expanded along the weak surface of the coal seam roof; utilizing the formation and expansion of the cracks to promote the redistribution of stress in the coal seam roof surrounding rock, so that the stress in the high stress area can be released. In the process of stress release, the coal seam roof surrounding rock is depressurized.

[0009] Optionally, the mixing and filling equipment includes a first box body, a second box body and a mixer, the first box body contains the first reaction material, the second box body contains the second reaction material; the first box body is provided with a first injection pipe, the second box body is provided with a second injection pipe, the mixer is provided at the junction of the first box body and the second box body, and is used to mix the first reaction material and the second material to form a mixed explosive; the mixer is provided with a discharge pipe, which is used to input the mixed explosive into a predetermined position at the bottom of the drill hole.

[0010] Optionally, the first reaction substance includes an emulsified matrix, and the second reaction substance includes a sensitizing solution.

[0011] Optionally, the injecting of emulsion explosive into the L-shaped borehole by means of a pumping device includes: when the mixed explosive is loaded, the mixed loading equipment moves a corresponding distance in the direction of the hole opening of the channel according to the filling amount of the mixed explosive, and after reaching a first preset length, gun mud is injected into the channel from the hole opening of the channel, and fuses and detonators are set for detonation.

[0012] Optionally, a hole sealer is installed on the surface of the mixing and filling device, and the hole sealer is arranged close to the first end of the mixing and filling device.

[0013] Optionally, when the mixed explosive is being filled, the mixed filling equipment moves a corresponding distance in the direction of the channel hole according to the filling amount of the mixed explosive, and after reaching a first preset length, gun mud is injected into the channel from the channel hole, and fuses and detonators are set for detonation, including: setting fuses and detonators inside the borehole, and detonating at least once after taking safety measures.

[0014] The L-shaped directional drilling blasting pressure relief method provided by the embodiment of the present invention uses a directional drilling rig to perform long-distance horizontal drilling in the key layer or key layer of the coal seam roof to form an L-shaped channel after drilling, and then injects emulsion explosives into the L-shaped borehole through a pumping device, which can accurately reach the position where blasting is required, uses a mixed filling device to fill the mixed explosives at the bottom of the borehole, and uses a sealer to seal the borehole to prevent the mixed explosives from overflowing or impurities from entering the explosives, thereby ensuring that the mixed explosives are gathered in a limited accommodation space and increasing the impact force of the blasting; after determining that all safety measures are in place, the L-shaped borehole is detonated once or multiple times, and the surrounding rock is loosened by blasting to pre-crack and relieve pressure on the roof surrounding rock, thereby improving the safety of blasting, the charging speed and the blasting efficiency of deep hole blasting pressure relief. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the L-shaped directional drilling and blasting pressure relief method in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the drilling position in the L-shaped directional drilling and blasting pressure relief method in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the mixed filling equipment in the L-type directional drilling and blasting pressure relief method in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] It should be clear that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The embodiment of the present invention provides an L-shaped directional drilling blasting pressure relief method, which can improve the safety of blasting, the charging speed and the blasting pressure relief efficiency of deep hole blasting pressure relief.

[0020] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3The embodiment of the present invention provides an L-shaped directional drilling blasting pressure relief method, which may include: S11. Use directional drilling rigs to construct L-shaped long-distance horizontal boreholes in key layers or key areas of the coal seam roof; S12, injecting the emulsion explosive into the L-shaped borehole through a pumping device; S13, using a mixed filling device to fill the mixed explosive at the bottom of the borehole, and sealing the borehole with a hole sealer to prevent the mixed explosive from flowing out; S14. After ensuring that all safety measures are in place, detonate the L-shaped borehole once or multiple times to pre-crack and decompress the surrounding rock of the roof.

[0022] The L-shaped directional drilling blasting pressure relief method provided by the embodiment of the present invention uses a directional drilling machine to perform long-distance horizontal drilling at the key layer or key layer of the coal seam roof to form an L-shaped channel after drilling, and then injects emulsion explosives into the L-shaped borehole through a pumping device to accurately reach the position where blasting is required, and uses a mixed filling device to fill the mixed explosives at the bottom of the borehole, and uses a hole sealer to seal the borehole to prevent the mixed explosives from overflowing or impurities from entering the explosives, so as to ensure that the mixed explosives are concentrated in a limited accommodation space and increase the impact force of the blasting; after ensuring that all safety measures are in place, the L-shaped borehole is detonated once or multiple times, and the surrounding rock is loosened by blasting to pre-crack and relieve the pressure of the roof surrounding rock, thereby improving the safety of blasting, the charging speed and the blasting pressure relief efficiency of deep hole blasting pressure relief. .

[0023] See also Figure 2 In some embodiments, before using the directional drilling rig 11 to construct an L-shaped long-distance horizontal borehole in a key layer 12 or a key area of ​​the coal seam roof, the method further includes: selecting a suitable directional drilling rig airport, and constructing a long-distance vertical borehole downward according to the L-shaped drilling design and layout data; when the vertical borehole 13 is constructed to the key layer of the coal seam roof, a long-distance horizontal borehole 14 is constructed in the horizontal direction toward the key area above the coal seam roof, so that the surrounding rock of the coal seam roof is pre-cracked and decompressed after the drilling blasting is decompressed; in this way, when the mixed filling equipment moves to the bottom of the channel, it can first enter the coal seam roof through the vertical borehole 13, and then enter the blasting position at the bottom of the channel through the horizontal borehole 14, which plays a buffering role for the mixed filling equipment to move to the blasting position.

[0024] See also Figure 2 In some embodiments, when constructing a long distance vertical borehole 13 downward, the depth of the vertical borehole 13 is greater than the thickness of the surface overburden 15 and less than the underground depth of the coal seam roof; in this way, it is ensured that the mixed filling equipment can accurately reach the appropriate position to be blasted.

[0025] See also Figure 2 , Figure 3In some embodiments, detonating the L-shaped borehole once or multiple times to pre-crack and depressurize the roof surrounding rock includes: designing a pre-crack blasting depressurization scheme according to the geological characteristics of the coal seam roof surrounding rock, determining the number of L-shaped boreholes, adjacent row spacing, the charge amount in each borehole, the charging method and the detonator section; loading explosives in the horizontal boreholes of the L-shaped boreholes, using segmented charging or continuous charging at the bottom of the borehole to control the concentrated and dispersed release areas of blasting depressurization energy; controlling the blasting depressurization timing to detonate the mixed explosives in multiple L-shaped boreholes; using the high-speed gas propulsion wave and shock wave generated by the blasting depressurization to form cracks in the roof surrounding rock in a predetermined direction and expand along the weak surface of the coal seam roof; using the formation and expansion of the cracks to promote the redistribution of stress in the coal seam roof surrounding rock, so that The stress in the high-stress area is released; in the process of stress release, the pressure relief of the coal seam roof surrounding rock is achieved; in this way, by designing a corresponding plan according to the address characteristics of the coal seam roof, the physical conditions required for blasting are arranged in sequence, and at the same time, segmented charging or continuous charging is used at the bottom of the borehole according to the needs of the use scenario, different energy release methods are adopted for different areas, and the mixed explosives in multiple L-shaped boreholes can be detonated according to the blasting sequence to carry out a chain reaction, thereby improving the effect of blasting; the propulsion wave and shock wave generated by the blasting cause cracks in the coal seam roof surrounding rock and extend along the weak surface of the coal seam roof, and the stress accumulated in the surrounding rock is released through the influence of the cracks on the roof structure, thereby completing the pressure relief of the coal seam roof surrounding rock.

[0026] See also Figure 3 In some embodiments, the mixing and filling device 21 includes a first box 22, a second box 23 and a mixer 24. The first box 22 contains a first reaction material 221, and the second box 23 contains a second reaction material 231. The first box 22 is provided with a first injection pipe 25, and the second box 23 is provided with a second injection pipe 26. The mixer 24 is provided at the junction of the first box 22 and the second box 23, and is used to mix the first reaction material 221 and the second reaction material 231 to form a mixed explosive 27. The mixer 21 A discharge pipe 28 is provided on it, which is used to input the mixed explosive 27 into a predetermined position at the bottom of the drill hole; in this way, when the reaction materials need to be mixed, the first reaction material 221 in the first box body 22 flows into the mixer 24 from the first injection pipe 25, and the second reaction material 231 in the second box body 23 flows into the mixer 24 from the second injection pipe 26, and then the first reaction material 221 and the second reaction material 231 are combined into a mixed explosive 27, which flows out from the discharge port at one end of the mixer toward the bottom of the channel, thereby improving the mixing efficiency of the mixed explosive.

[0027] See also Figure 3In some embodiments, the first reaction substance 221 includes an emulsified matrix, and the second reaction substance 231 includes a sensitizing liquid; wherein the emulsified matrix and the sensitizing liquid are fused to form an emulsion explosive having the characteristics of high blasting speed and strong blasting force, and the amount of the reaction substance can be selected according to the required blasting intensity.

[0028] See also Figure 2 , Figure 3 In some embodiments, injecting emulsion explosive into the L-shaped borehole by means of a pumping device comprises: when the mixed explosive is loaded, the mixed loading device 21 moves a corresponding distance toward the direction of the hole opening according to the filling amount of the mixed explosive, and after reaching the first preset length, gun mud is injected into the hole from the hole opening, and a fuse and a detonator are set for detonation; wherein the first preset length is a distance that can fully react according to the amount of explosives of the mixed explosive, thereby leaving enough reaction space for the mixed explosive, and after reaching the first preset length, gun mud is injected into the hole from the hole opening, which reduces the amount of blasting gas generated and reduces the temperature and pressure of the blasting gas escape. On the other hand, gun mud can prevent explosion flames and hot solid particles from spraying out of the blasthole, which is beneficial to blasting safety.

[0029] See also Figure 3 In some embodiments, a sealer 29 is installed on the surface of the mixing and filling device 21, and the sealer 29 is arranged near the first end of the mixing and filling device 29; wherein, the sealer 29 is arranged on the surface of the mixer 24 in the mixing and filling device 21, and the first end of the mixing and filling device 21 is the end of the surface of the mixing and filling device 21 facing the hole opening of the channel, and the material of the sealer 29 includes rubber, and the inner surface of the sealer 29 is tightly fitted with the outer surface of the mixer 24, thereby preventing the emulsion explosive injected into the blasting position from being lost; after the mixing and filling device 21 reaches the first preset length, before the cannon mud is injected into the channel, the sealer 29 is opened to seal the channel at its corresponding position, on the one hand, to prevent the cannon mud from entering the interior of the mixed explosive and affecting the blasting effect, and on the other hand, to make it gather energy in a limited accommodation space, increase the impact force of the blasting, and at the same time make the mixed explosive fully oxidized in the explosion reaction, thereby improving the blasting effect of the explosive.

[0030] See also Figure 2 , Figure 3In some embodiments, when the mixed explosive is filled, the mixed filling device 21 moves a corresponding distance toward the hole opening according to the filling amount of the mixed explosive, and after reaching the first preset length, gun mud is injected into the hole from the hole opening, and fuses and detonators are set for detonation, including: setting fuses and detonators inside the borehole, and detonating at least once after taking safety measures; among them, because the deep hole blasting consumes less explosives and the explosion energy is relatively evenly distributed throughout the surrounding rock mass, the blasting intensity, the distance of the flying rocks generated by the blasting, or the influence range of the air shock wave are smaller than those of general blasting, and the number of blasting times can be increased according to the needs of the on-site blasting situation, thereby ensuring the safety during blasting.

[0031] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0032] The above content has described the embodiments of the present invention in detail. Those skilled in the art can design and modify the device and its use within the scope of the present invention according to the on-site construction conditions.

[0033] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a related manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referenced to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

[0034] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An L-shaped directional drilling and blasting pressure relief method, characterized in that: include: Use directional drilling rigs to construct L-shaped long-distance horizontal boreholes in key layers or key areas of the coal seam roof; The emulsion explosive is injected into the L-shaped borehole by means of a pumping device; Use mixed filling equipment to fill the bottom of the borehole with mixed explosives, and seal the borehole with a hole sealer to prevent the mixed explosives from flowing out; After ensuring that all safety measures are in place, one or more explosions are carried out in the L-shaped borehole to pre-crack and depressurize the surrounding rock of the roof.

2. The L-shaped directional drilling and blasting pressure relief method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before using a directional drill to construct an L-shaped long-distance horizontal borehole in a key layer or key area of ​​a coal seam roof, the method further includes: selecting a suitable directional drill airport, and constructing a long-distance vertical borehole downward according to the L-shaped borehole design and layout data; When the vertical drilling reaches the key layer of the coal seam roof, long-distance horizontal drilling is carried out in the horizontal direction toward the key area above the coal seam roof to pre-crack and decompress the surrounding rock of the coal seam roof after the drilling blasting.

3. The L-shaped directional drilling and blasting pressure relief method according to claim 2, characterized in that: When constructing a long distance vertical borehole downward, the depth of the vertical borehole is greater than the thickness of the surface overburden of the ground and less than the underground depth of the coal seam roof.

4. The L-shaped directional drilling and blasting pressure relief method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The L-shaped borehole is detonated once or multiple times to pre-crack and decompress the surrounding rock of the roof, including: According to the geological characteristics of the surrounding rock of the coal seam roof, the pre-splitting blasting decompression plan is designed to determine the number of L-shaped boreholes, the spacing between adjacent rows, the charge amount in each borehole, the charging method and the detonator section; The explosives are loaded in the horizontal borehole of the L-shaped borehole, and the explosives are loaded in sections or continuously at the bottom of the borehole to control the concentrated and dispersed release areas of the blasting pressure relief energy; Control the blasting decompression sequence and detonate the mixed explosives in multiple L-shaped boreholes; The high-speed gas propulsion wave and shock wave generated by blasting decompression cause cracks to form in the roof surrounding rock in a predetermined direction and expand along the weak surface of the coal seam roof; The formation and expansion of the cracks are used to promote stress redistribution in the surrounding rock of the coal seam roof, so that the stress in the high stress area can be released; In the process of stress release, the pressure relief of the surrounding rock of the coal seam roof is achieved.

5. The L-shaped directional drilling and blasting pressure relief method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mixing and filling equipment comprises a first box, a second box and a mixer, the first box contains the first reaction substance, and the second box contains the second reaction substance; The first box is provided with a first injection pipe, the second box is provided with a second injection pipe, and the mixer is provided at the junction of the first box and the second box, and is used to mix the first reaction material and the second material to form a mixed explosive; The mixer is provided with a discharge pipe for feeding the mixed explosive into a predetermined position at the bottom of the borehole.

6. The L-shaped directional drilling and blasting pressure relief method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first reaction substance includes an emulsified matrix, and the second reaction substance includes a sensitizing solution.

7. The L-shaped directional drilling and blasting pressure relief method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The injecting of emulsion explosive into the L-shaped borehole by means of a pumping device comprises: When the mixed explosive is being loaded, the mixed loading equipment moves a corresponding distance toward the channel opening according to the filling amount of the mixed explosive, and after reaching a first preset length, gun mud is injected into the channel through the channel opening, and fuses and detonators are set for detonation.

8. The L-shaped directional drilling and blasting pressure relief method according to claim 7, characterized in that: A hole sealer is installed on the surface of the mixing and filling device, and the hole sealer is arranged close to the first end of the mixing and filling device.

9. The L-shaped directional drilling and blasting pressure relief method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the mixed explosive is filled, the mixed filling device moves a corresponding distance toward the hole opening of the tunnel according to the filling amount of the mixed explosive, and after reaching a first preset length, the cannon mud is injected into the tunnel from the hole opening, and a fuse and a detonator are set for detonation, including: A fuse and a detonator are arranged inside the borehole, and after taking safety measures, at least one detonation is performed.

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