Drilling and blasting method for forming cutting groove at one time

Abstract

The invention discloses a rock drilling and blasting method for forming a cutting groove at one time, which comprises the following steps: constructing different rows of semi-umbrella-shaped blast holes and the same row of semi-fan-shaped blast holes in inclined upward direction, gradually increasing the angles of the same row of blast holes from bottom to top, and fixing a position by a rock drilling machine to drill all the blast holes; the blast holes are filled with explosives, the charging coefficient is controlled to be 65%-85%, and the blocking length of every two adjacent blast holes is staggered; and the detonation sequence is set, and after detonation, the cutting groove is formed at a time. According to the method, the semi-umbrella-shaped blast holes and the same row of semi-fan-shaped blast holes are formed, all the blast holes can be drilled by the rock drilling machine only through one point position, the drilling machine does not need to be moved and fixed for multiple times, the rock drilling preparation time is saved, the rock drilling efficiency is greatly improved, the cutting grooves are formed through one-time blasting by setting different blasting sequences, and the cutting efficiency is improved. The circulating process of multiple times of charging, blasting and shoveling is omitted, and the blasting efficiency and the shoveling efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of segmented mining rock drilling and blasting construction, in particular to a rock drilling and blasting method for forming a cutting groove at one time, which can provide a compensation space for segmented mining blasting at one time. Background Art

[0002] Since the rock mass will swell after blasting, in order to achieve the desired effect of successful blasting, a free surface and a sufficient compensation space must be formed before blasting the rock mass. Before the first formal blasting mining in the segmented open area, a cutting groove of sufficient volume must be constructed to provide blasting compensation space. The traditional cutting groove construction method is to first construct a cutting skylight, and then use the cutting skylight as the compensation space for rock drilling and blasting. The cutting groove is formed through multiple cycles of rock drilling-blasting-mucking. The process is long, the process is multi-step, and the operation is frequently alternating, which seriously slows down the construction efficiency.

[0003] Therefore, a cutting groove construction method with a short process and fewer operation cycles is studied, which can significantly improve the cutting groove construction efficiency by concentrated rock drilling and one-time blasting to form the cutting groove and then concentrated mucking. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a rock drilling and blasting method for forming a cutting groove in one step.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a rock drilling and blasting method for forming a cutting groove in one step, the method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1) Fix the blasthole drilling rig in the middle of the end of the rock drilling tunnel near the cutting tunnel, and drill 5 rows of blastholes on one side and 10 rows of symmetrical blastholes on both sides that are inclined upward;

[0007] S2) loading explosives into the blasthole drilled in S1);

[0008] S3) sorting the blast holes after the charge in S2) and setting the detonation sequence, after the detonation, a cutting groove is formed once.

[0009] Furthermore, the blast holes in the same row are distributed in a semi-fan shape, and those in different rows are distributed in a semi-umbrella shape, and the hole diameter is not less than 65 mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the semi-fan-shaped distribution is specifically as follows: firstly determine the positions of the blastholes of the longest reference row, and then determine the blasthole parameters of the reference row.

[0011] Further, the blastholes of the reference row are located in the middle of the end of the rock drilling tunnel, that is, the plane where the triangle connecting the rock drilling rig point to the upper and lower corner points of the oblique far end of the cutting groove is located is the plane where the reference blasthole row is located, there are two planes in total, and the two planes are symmetrical, and the reference blasthole rows are numbered 3# and 3';

[0012] The blast hole in the reference row whose bottom is closest to the free surface of the cutting tunnel is numbered as blast hole No. 1, followed by blast hole No. 2, and the distance between the bottom of blast hole No. 1 and the bottom of blast hole No. 2 is equal to the distance between the bottom of hole No. 1 and the free surface, which is 1.4 to 1.5 m. The angle of hole No. 1 is determined to be 31°, and then the angles of other blast holes are gradually increased, and the remaining blast holes are arranged at a bottom distance of 1.4 to 1.5 m, so as to determine the blast hole parameters of the reference row.

[0013] Furthermore, the semi-umbrella shaped distribution is specifically as follows: the blasthole angles of the remaining rows are consistent with those of the 3# and 3' rows, the row spacing between different rows is 1.2m to 1.4m, the row spacing between the 1#, 2# and 3# rows near the end of the upper plate of the cutting groove is 1.2m, the row spacing between the 3# and 4# rows is 1.3m, and the row spacing between the 4# and 5# rows is 1.4m. Because 1# is symmetrical to 1', 2# to 2', 3# to 3', 4# to 4', and 5# to 5', the row spacing between the 1', 2' and 3' rows is 1.2m, the row spacing between the 3' and 4' rows is 1.3m, and the row spacing between the 4' and 5' rows is 1.4m.

[0014] Further, the S2) is specifically that adjacent blastholes are blocked by continuous coupled charging and staggered blocking length, the charging coefficient of the blastholes is controlled at 65% to 85%, the charging coefficient of the odd-numbered blastholes is controlled at 75% to 85%, and the charging coefficient of the even-numbered blastholes is controlled at 65% to 75%;

[0015] Further, the detonation sequence in S3) is as follows: the 1# and 1' rows near the middle of the upper plate are detonated hole by hole at the same time first, and the blast holes in the same row are detonated hole by hole from bottom to top; the 2# and 2' rows are detonated one stage later than the 1# and 1' rows; the 3# and 3', 4# and 4', 5# and 5' rows are detonated hole by hole at the same time, and are detonated one stage later than the 2# and 2' rows.

[0016] Furthermore, the adjacent segment delay time is 30 to 50 ms.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] 1. Fixed one point for rock drilling construction. This method arranges different rows of semi-"umbrella"-shaped blastholes and the same row of semi-"fan"-shaped blastholes, so that the rock drilling rig can drill all the blastholes at only one point. The drilling rig does not need to be moved and fixed many times, and it is not necessary to move the drilling rig once for each row of blastholes constructed as in the traditional method, which saves the rock drilling preparation time and greatly improves the rock drilling efficiency.

[0019] 2. Forming a cutting groove with one blast. This method forms a cutting groove with one blast by setting different detonation sequences and reasonable delay time. After one blast, the ore is mined in a concentrated time, eliminating the cycle of multiple charging-blasting-shoveling and improving the efficiency of blasting and shoveling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings are part of this application and are used to explain the present invention more clearly. They do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are only drawings required for use in the embodiments. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. In the accompanying drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the arrangement of the blastholes of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of a blasthole row of the present invention (including the detonation sequence).

[0023] Figure 3 It is a front view of the present invention.

[0024] In the figure: 1. Rock drilling tunnel; 2. Blast hole; 3. Drilling rig center; 4. Cutting level tunnel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solution in the present embodiment is described completely and clearly below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment. The embodiment is used to illustrate the present invention but is not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0026] In order to make the above-mentioned features, purposes and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0027] like Figure 1-Figure 3 The present invention provides a rock drilling and blasting method for forming a cutting groove in one step, comprising the following steps:

[0028] S1: Construction of different rows of semi-"umbrella"-shaped and semi-"fan"-shaped blastholes in an oblique direction. Fix the blasthole drilling rig in the middle of the end of the rock drilling tunnel near the cutting level tunnel, and drill 5 rows of blastholes on one side and 10 rows of symmetrical blastholes in an oblique direction on both sides. The bottom of the blastholes reaches the boundary of the upper wall ore body or the segment boundary.

[0029] S2: Charge the blastholes with explosives. The charge structure is continuous coupled charge, and adjacent blastholes are blocked by staggered blocking lengths, that is, the blocking lengths of adjacent blastholes are not exactly the same, and the charge coefficient of the blastholes is controlled at 65% to 85% of the blasthole depth to avoid excessive concentration of explosives near the hole mouth.

[0030] S3: Set the detonation sequence. The 1# and 1' rows near the middle of the upper plate are detonated one by one at the same time. The holes in the same row are detonated in the order of a, b, c, d, e, f, g. The 2# and 2' rows are detonated one level later than the 1# and 1' rows, and are detonated in the order of b, c, d, e, f, g, h. The 3# and 3', 4# and 4', 5# and 5' rows are detonated at the same time, one level later than the 2# and 2' rows, and are detonated in the order of c, d, e, f, g, h, i.

[0031] Furthermore, in step S1, blastholes in the same row are constructed obliquely upward according to a certain hole bottom distance, and the blastholes in the same row are distributed in a semi-fan shape.

[0032] Further, in step S1, the middle position at the end of the rock drilling tunnel, that is, the plane where the triangle connecting the rock drilling rig point to the upper and lower corner points of the oblique far end of the cutting groove is located, is the plane where the 3# and 3' rows of blast holes are located. Based on the construction of the 3# and 3' rows of blast holes with the largest blast hole depths, the distance between the first blast hole detonated first and the last blast hole detonated last and the boundary of the rock mass to be blasted in the cutting groove is controlled to be equivalent to the hole bottom distance, thereby determining the angles of hole No. 1 and hole No. 7 in the 3# and 3' rows, and the remaining blast holes in the same row are constructed according to the specified hole bottom distance. The angles of blast holes in other rows are kept consistent with those of the 3# and 3' rows of blast holes, and all blast holes in different rows are distributed in a semi-"umbrella" shape as a whole.

[0033] Furthermore, in step S1, a PVC plastic tube is inserted into the blasthole, the inner diameter of the plastic tube is not less than the hole diameter required for blasting the blasthole, and the outer wall of the plastic tube is substantially in contact with the hole wall.

[0034] Furthermore, in step S2, the blasthole is washed with high-pressure air to blow away the slag and rock mixed in the blasthole, so that the blasthole remains unobstructed and clean.

[0035] Furthermore, in step S2, explosives, digital electronic detonators, and electronic detonator leg wires are loaded into the blasthole using a charge loader.

[0036] Furthermore, in step S2, the charging coefficient of the odd-numbered blast holes is controlled within a range of 75% to 85%, and the charging coefficient of the even-numbered blast holes is controlled within a range of 65% to 75%.

[0037] Further, in step S3, the bombs are detonated in the order of a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, and i in the brackets in the figure, and the delay time between adjacent stages is 30 to 50 ms.

[0038] Furthermore, in step S3, the electronic detonator leg wires of each blasthole are bundled in parallel on the current main line and detonated using an electronic detonator.

[0039] Example:

[0040] The width of S1 cutting tunnel 4 is about 4m, the height is about 3.5m, and the cutting groove height is about 10m (including the height of the cutting tunnel). The blasthole rock drilling rig is placed and fixed in the middle position of the eyebrow mouth at the end of the rock drilling tunnel 1 near the cutting tunnel 4, and the blastholes are started to be drilled. The hole diameter is 65mm. The center position of this drilling rig does not need to be changed, and all the required blastholes can be drilled at this position. The drilling rig is free from multiple shifting and fixing, which improves the rock drilling efficiency.

[0041] Specifically, the middle position at the end of the rock drilling tunnel, that is, the plane where the triangle connecting the rock drilling rig point to the upper and lower corner points of the oblique far end of the cutting groove is located is the plane where the reference blasthole row is located. There are two planes in total, and the two planes are symmetrical, represented by 3# and 3' rows respectively. First, determine the parameters of the longest 3# and 3' rows of blastholes. The blasthole with the closest distance between the bottom of the blasthole and the free surface of the cutting level tunnel is blasthole No. 1, followed by blasthole No. 2. The distance between the bottom of hole No. 1 and the bottom of hole No. 2 is equal to the distance between the bottom of hole No. 1 and the free surface, which is 1.4-1.5m. The angle of hole No. 1 is determined to be 31°. Thereafter, the angle of the inclined hole is gradually increased, and all blastholes are arranged according to the hole bottom distance of 1.4-1.5m. The angle of hole No. 2 is 43°, the angle of hole No. 3 is 52°, the angle of hole No. 4 is 61°, the angle of hole No. 5 is 67°, the angle of hole No. 6 is 75°, and the angle of hole No. 7 is 82°. The angles of blastholes in rows 3# and 3' are determined, and the angles of blastholes in the remaining rows are consistent with those in this row. This method only needs to determine the angle of one row of blastholes to quickly determine the angles of all blastholes in the remaining rows.

[0042] Specifically, the row spacing is 1.2m to 1.4m. The row spacing between rows 1#, 2# and 3# near the end of the upper plate of the cutting groove is 1.2m, the row spacing between rows 3# and 4# is 1.3m, and the row spacing between rows 4# and 5# is 1.4m. Because 1# is symmetrical to 1', 2# to 2', 3# to 3', 4# to 4', and 5# to 5', the row spacing between 1', 2', 3', 4', and 5' is the same as above, and the inclined holes in different rows of the cutting groove are distributed in a semi "umbrella" shape as a whole.

[0043] Specifically, after all blast holes are drilled, PVC pipes are inserted into the blast holes, and the outer wall of the plastic pipe is basically in contact with the hole wall to protect the blast holes and prevent them from collapsing.

[0044] S2 uses a charge loader to load explosives, electronic detonators and leg lines into the blast holes, with continuous coupled charging. The charging coefficient of hole No. 1 is 85%, the charging coefficient of hole No. 2 is 75%, the charging coefficient of hole No. 3 is 80%, the charging coefficient of hole No. 4 is 75%, the charging coefficient of hole No. 5 is 70%, the charging coefficient of hole No. 6 is 65%, and the charging coefficient of hole No. 7 is 75%, to avoid excessive concentration of explosives at the hole mouth and excessive crushing of the explosion.

[0045] Specifically, the plugging material used to plug the blasthole is gun mud, which prevents the explosion gas from being released quickly and its energy can be more used to break the rock.

[0046] Specifically, the blasthole is first cleaned with high-pressure air before charging to prevent foreign matter from clogging the blasthole.

[0047] The same row of S3 adopts hole-by-hole blasting from bottom to top by cutting level tunnel 4. Rows 1# and 1' are detonated hole by hole at the same time. Rows 2# and 2' are detonated hole by hole with a delay of one stage compared with rows 1# and 1'. Rows 3# and 3', 4# and 4', 5# and 5' are detonated hole by hole with a delay of one stage compared with rows 2# and 2'. The preceding row close to the upper wall boundary of the cutting groove is detonated first to provide partial compensation space for the succeeding rows, reduce the clamping force of the succeeding rows, and improve the blasting effect.

[0048] Specifically, rows 1# and 1' are detonated in the order of a, b, c, d, e, f, g in the brackets in the figure, rows 2# and 2' are detonated in the order of b, c, d, e, f, g, h in the brackets in the figure, and rows 3# and 3', 4# and 4', and 5# and 5' are detonated in the order of c, d, e, f, g, h, i in the brackets in the figure.

[0049] Specifically, the blast hole delay time is 30 to 50 ms.

[0050] The rock drilling and blasting method for forming a cutting groove at one time of the present invention, by arranging semi-umbrella-shaped blast holes and semi-fan-shaped blast holes in the same row, realizes that a rock drilling rig only needs one point to drill all the blast holes, and there is no need to move the drill rig every time a row of blast holes is constructed as in the traditional method, thereby saving the rock drilling preparation time and greatly improving the rock drilling efficiency; and by setting different detonation sequences and reasonable delay times, a cutting groove is formed by one blasting, and the ore is mined in a concentrated time after one blasting, eliminating the cycle process of multiple charging-blasting-shoveling, and improving the blasting and shoveling efficiency.

[0051] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

Claims

1. A rock drilling and blasting method for forming a cutting groove in one step, characterized in that: The method specifically comprises the following steps: S1) Fix the blasthole drilling rig in the middle of the end of the rock drilling tunnel near the cutting tunnel, and drill 5 rows of blastholes on one side and 10 rows of symmetrical blastholes on both sides that are inclined upward; S2) loading explosives into the blasthole drilled in S1); S3) sorting the blast holes after the charge in S2) and setting the detonation sequence, after the detonation, a cutting groove is formed once.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The blast holes in the same row are distributed in a semi-fan shape, and those in different rows are distributed in a semi-umbrella shape, and the aperture is not less than 65 mm.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The semi-fan-shaped distribution is specifically as follows: first determine the positions of the blastholes of the longest reference row, and then determine the blasthole parameters of the reference row.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The blastholes of the reference row are located in the middle of the end of the rock drilling tunnel, that is, the plane where the triangle connecting the rock drilling rig point to the upper and lower corner points of the oblique far end of the cutting groove is located is the plane where the reference blasthole row is located. There are two planes in total, and the two planes are symmetrical. The reference blasthole rows are numbered 3# and 3'; The blast hole in the reference row whose bottom is closest to the free surface of the cutting tunnel is numbered as blast hole No. 1, followed by blast hole No. 2, and the distance between the bottom of blast hole No. 1 and the bottom of blast hole No. 2 is equal to the distance between the bottom of hole No. 1 and the free surface, which is 1.4 to 1.5 m. The angle of hole No. 1 is determined to be 31°, and then the angles of other blast holes are gradually increased, and the remaining blast holes are arranged at a bottom distance of 1.4 to 1.5 m, so as to determine the blast hole parameters of the reference row.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The semi-umbrella-shaped distribution is specifically as follows: the blasthole angles of the remaining rows are consistent with those of the 3# and 3' rows, the row spacing between different rows is 1.2m to 1.4m, the row spacing between the 1#, 2# and 3# rows near the end of the upper plate of the cutting groove is 1.2m, the row spacing between the 3# and 4# rows is 1.3m, and the row spacing between the 4# and 5# rows is 1.4m. Because 1# is symmetrical to 1', 2# to 2', 3# to 3', 4# to 4', and 5# to 5', the row spacing between the 1', 2' and 3' rows is 1.2m, the row spacing between the 3' and 4' rows is 1.3m, and the row spacing between the 4' and 5' rows is 1.4m.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The S2) is specifically that adjacent blast holes are charged with continuous coupling and blocked by staggered blocking length, the charging coefficient of the blast holes is controlled at 65% to 85%, the charging coefficient of the odd-numbered blast holes is controlled at 75% to 85%, and the charging coefficient of the even-numbered blast holes is controlled at 65% to 75%.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The detonation sequence in S3) is as follows: the 1# and 1' rows near the middle of the upper plate are detonated hole by hole at the same time first, and the blast holes in the same row are detonated hole by hole from bottom to top. The 2# and 2' rows are detonated one stage later than the 1# and 1' rows. The 3# and 3', 4# and 4', 5# and 5' rows are detonated hole by hole at the same time, and are detonated one stage later than the 2# and 2' rows.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The adjacent segment delay time is 30 to 50 ms.

Images