Railway subgrade deformation monitoring device and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of monitoring, in particular to a high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device and a monitoring method, comprising: a monitoring assembly, the monitoring assembly comprises a hollow structure shell, both sides of the shell are provided with an interface pipe and are communicated with a communication hose, a connecting column is movably and penetratively arranged in the middle of the mounting seat, and both ends of the connecting column are fixedly connected with two sealing plugs; an adjusting assembly for adjusting the position of the connecting column is arranged inside the mounting seat; the beneficial effects are that: a plurality of monitoring assemblies are arranged along the length direction of the high-speed railway track at equal intervals, the adjacent two monitoring assemblies are communicated by the communication hose, the initial height positions of the monitoring assemblies are consistent, the pressure difference of the liquid in the communication hoses on both sides of the monitoring assemblies can know whether the subgrade in the area where the monitoring assembly is located is inclined, and the data monitored by the adjacent monitoring assemblies can accurately judge whether the subgrade in the area is deformed and settled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of monitoring technology, specifically to a high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device and monitoring method. Background Technology

[0002] High-speed railway subgrade settlement, also known as ground subsidence or ground sinking, is a localized downward movement caused by the consolidation and compression of loose underground strata, resulting in a decrease in the elevation of the earth's crust surface.

[0003] In the prior art, Chinese invention with publication number CN112663419B discloses a method for monitoring settlement and deformation of unsaturated soil subgrade for high-speed railways. It mainly uses pressure sensors to monitor the pressure in the monitoring pipe, thereby determining whether the pipe is deformed and thus knowing whether the subgrade has settled.

[0004] However, current traditional monitoring equipment is only installed in localized areas of the high-speed railway subgrade. When the subgrade in that localized area undergoes deformation and settlement, the relative positions of the various components of the monitoring equipment remain unchanged because all the internal structures of the equipment shift downwards, making it impossible to accurately monitor the subgrade deformation. Therefore, this invention proposes a high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device and method to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device and monitoring method to solve the problem mentioned in the background art that the monitoring device cannot accurately monitor when the subgrade in the area where the monitoring device is located undergoes synchronous settlement.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device, comprising:

[0007] The monitoring component includes a hollow shell, with interface pipes on both sides of the shell and connecting hoses thereto. A mounting base is fixed in the middle of the inner cavity of the shell, with sealing partitions on both sides of the mounting base. A sealing plug is movably inserted through the middle of the sealing partition, and a connecting post is movably inserted through the middle of the mounting base, with each end of the connecting post fixedly connected to two sealing plugs respectively.

[0008] A pressure sensor is provided between the sealing plug and the mounting base. An adjustment component for adjusting the position of the connecting column is provided inside the mounting base. An adjustment knob for driving the adjustment component is provided on the outside of the housing.

[0009] Preferably, the sealing partition is fixed and sealed to the inner wall of the outer shell, a sealing gasket is provided at the connection between the sealing plug and the sealing partition, and two connecting columns are provided and symmetrically distributed at both ends of the mounting base.

[0010] Preferably, the mounting base has an internal mounting groove, a strip plate is slidably mounted in the inner cavity of the mounting groove, a toothed plate is fixed on one side of the strip plate, and a driving collar is movably sleeved in the middle of the connecting column. The surface of the driving collar has a toothed groove and meshes with the toothed plate for transmission.

[0011] Preferably, the drive collar is rotatably mounted in the inner cavity of the mounting groove and the two have the same width, and the middle surface of the connecting column is provided with a threaded groove and is threadedly connected to the drive collar.

[0012] Preferably, one end of the mounting base is provided with a limiting slide groove that communicates with the inner cavity of the mounting groove. A limiting slide plate adapted to it is slidably installed in the inner cavity of the limiting slide groove, and the limiting slide plate has a square cross-section. A connecting spring is fixed on one side of the limiting slide plate, and one end of the connecting spring is fixedly connected to one end of the strip plate.

[0013] Preferably, an adjusting screw is fixed to the other side of the limiting slide plate, an adjusting sleeve is fixed to one end of the adjusting knob, a limiting collar is fixedly sleeved on the surface of the adjusting sleeve, and the adjusting sleeve is rotatably installed on the side wall of the housing. The adjusting sleeve is threaded onto the outside of the adjusting screw.

[0014] Preferably, a base for mounting a pressure sensor is fixed at the middle of both sides of the mounting base. A through groove is opened at the end of the mounting base, and an inner flange is fixed to the inner side wall of the through groove. A circuit board is fixed to one side of the inner flange by screws. The wires on the pressure sensor pass through the inner cavity of the mounting groove, enter the inner cavity of the through groove, and are electrically connected to the circuit board.

[0015] Preferably, an anti-deviation collar is fixedly connected to the side of the mounting base, and the anti-deviation collar is movably sleeved on the outside of the connecting column. The length of the anti-deviation collar is less than the distance between the sealing partition and the mounting base.

[0016] Preferably, the outer casing is fixedly provided with fixing studs on both sides, the front of the outer casing is provided with an opening, and the opening is covered by a cover fixed by screws. The center of the cover is recessed, and a transparent window is provided in the recessed area.

[0017] A monitoring method based on the above-mentioned high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring equipment specifically includes the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: Install multiple monitoring components at equal intervals along the length of the high-speed railway subgrade inside the subgrade. The multiple monitoring components are located at the same horizontal height. Adjacent monitoring components are connected by connecting hoses. The two connecting hoses on both sides of the monitoring component are connected to the inner cavities on both sides of the outer shell, while the inner cavity in the middle of the outer shell remains relatively independent.

[0019] Step 2: Multiple connecting hoses form a connecting pipeline. A water storage tank is installed at one end of the pipeline. The water storage tank stores an appropriate amount of liquid. The liquid in the water storage tank is injected into the inner cavity of each connecting hose.

[0020] Step 3: Initially, the height of multiple monitoring components is consistent. The monitoring components measure the initial hydraulic pressure inside the connecting hose, and the initial hydraulic pressure is consistent. The pressure difference between the two sides of the monitoring components is zero.

[0021] Step 4: When local subgrade deformation and settlement occur, the monitoring component at the lowest settlement point measures an increase in the hydraulic readings inside the connecting hoses on both sides, while the pressure difference between the two sides remains zero. The connecting hoses between the lowest settlement point and the nearest non-settled point are both tilted. Therefore, the monitoring component in this area measures different hydraulic values ​​inside the connecting hoses on both sides, and the pressure difference reflects the degree of tilt at this location. The hydraulic and pressure difference data monitored by multiple monitoring components are imported into the computer to draw a subgrade settlement diagram for staff to view intuitively.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] This invention employs multiple monitoring components evenly spaced along the length of a high-speed railway track. Adjacent monitoring components are connected by flexible hoses. All monitoring components are initially positioned at the same height, and the hydraulic pressure in the connecting hoses on both sides of each component is consistent. The span of the multiple monitoring components is relatively large. When the roadbed in the area where a monitoring component is located deforms and settles, the height of that monitoring component decreases, and the hydraulic pressure in the connecting hoses on both sides changes accordingly. By monitoring the hydraulic pressure in the connecting hoses on both sides of the monitoring component, it is possible to determine whether the roadbed in the area where the monitoring component is located has settled. By monitoring the pressure difference of the liquid in the connecting hoses on both sides, it is possible to determine whether the roadbed in the area where the monitoring component is located is tilted. By combining the data monitored by adjacent monitoring components, it is possible to accurately determine whether the roadbed in that area has deformed and settled. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the roadbed settlement after the installation of this device;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the monitoring component structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the outer shell of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the mounting base and sealing plug structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mounting base of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the driving collar and the connecting post structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the adjustment knob and strip plate structure of the present invention.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Water tank; 2. Connecting hose; 3. Monitoring component; 31. Housing; 32. Interface pipe; 33. Fixing stud; 34. Cover; 4. Mounting base; 41. Mounting groove; 411. Strip plate; 412. Toothed plate; 42. Drive collar; 43. Through groove; 431. Inner flange; 44. Base; 45. Anti-deviation collar; 46. Limiting slide groove; 461. Limiting slide plate; 462. Connecting spring; 463. Adjusting screw; 5. Sealing partition; 6. Sealing plug; 61. Connecting post; 62. Threaded groove; 7. Pressure sensor; 8. Circuit board; 9. Adjusting knob; 91. Adjusting screw sleeve; 92. Limiting collar. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clear and complete, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention, and are merely illustrative of the embodiments of the present invention. They are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Please see Figures 1 to 7 The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0034] Example 1: A high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device, comprising: monitoring component 3.

[0035] Specifically, the monitoring component 3 includes a hollow outer shell 31. Interface pipes 32 are provided on both sides of the outer shell 31, and connecting hoses 2 are connected to them. A mounting base 4 is fixed in the middle of the inner cavity of the outer shell 31. Sealing partitions 5 are provided on both sides of the mounting base 4, dividing the inner cavity of the outer shell 31 into three small compartments. The inner cavities on both sides of the outer shell 31 are connected to the connecting hoses 2 on both sides, while the inner cavity in the middle of the outer shell 31 is relatively independent. A sealing plug 6 is movably inserted through the middle of the sealing partition 5. A connecting post 61 is movably inserted through the middle of the mounting base 4, and both ends of the connecting post 61 are fixedly connected to the two sealing plugs 6, respectively. Figure 3 As shown, the connecting post 61 can move along its own length direction, thereby changing the distance between the sealing plug 6 and the mounting base 4. When the hydraulic pressure in the inner cavity of the connecting hose 2 on both sides of the monitoring component 3 is different, the two sealing plugs 6 will shift in position synchronously in the same direction.

[0036] Secondly, a pressure sensor 7 is installed between the sealing plug 6 and the mounting base 4, such as... Figure 3 As shown, pressure sensors 7 are provided with two sensors to monitor the pressure of the two sealing plugs 6 respectively. Since the pressure sensors 7 are positioned between the mounting base 4 and the sealing plugs 6, the sealing plugs 6 cannot shift position when pressure is applied to their sides; they only have a tendency to shift position. In other words, the two pressure sensors 7 can monitor the hydraulic pressure inside the connecting hoses 2 on both sides of the monitoring assembly 3 in real time. Figure 1 As shown, when this device is in use, multiple monitoring components 3 are set up at equal intervals along the length of the roadbed. Adjacent monitoring components 3 are connected by connecting hoses 2. The initial height positions of multiple monitoring components 3 are the same. At this time, the two pressure sensors 7 inside the monitoring component 3 monitor the hydraulic pressure in the inner cavity of the connecting hoses 2 on both sides of the monitoring component 3. The hydraulic pressure is the same, which is the initial pressure and the pressure difference is zero. If the roadbed settles, the position of the monitoring component 3 in the settlement area moves down, and the connecting hose 2 connected to it is in an inclined state. Since the internal pressure of the liquid is only related to its depth position, the hydraulic pressure on both sides of the monitoring component 3 at the lowest point of the settlement area is increased compared to the initial hydraulic pressure, but the pressure difference is still zero. However, the hydraulic pressure on both sides of the monitoring component 3 in the settlement inclined area is different. The pressure difference on both sides reflects the degree of settlement inclination at that position. Therefore, by combining the monitoring data of multiple monitoring components 3 and importing the data into a computer for processing, a settlement diagram of the roadbed can be drawn, thereby intuitively reflecting the settlement status of the roadbed.

[0037] Inside the mounting base 4 is an adjustment component for adjusting the position of the connecting column 61. On the outside of the housing 31 is an adjustment knob 9 for driving the adjustment component. The adjustment component is mainly used to adjust the initial hydraulic pressure monitored by the monitoring component 3, so as to ensure that the initial hydraulic pressure monitored by the pressure sensor 7 is consistent when multiple monitoring components 3 are at the same height.

[0038] To prevent the sealing plug 6 from tilting, the sealing partition 5 of this application is fixed and sealed to the inner wall of the housing 31. Therefore, the liquid in the inner cavity of the connecting hose 2 can only enter the side inner cavity of the monitoring component 3 and will not enter between the two sealing partitions 5, thereby avoiding water ingress damage to the pressure sensor 7. A sealing gasket is provided at the connection between the sealing plug 6 and the sealing partition 5 to improve the sealing between the two. Two connecting posts 61 are provided and symmetrically distributed at both ends of the mounting base 4 to ensure that the sealing plug 6 itself is stable and will not tilt.

[0039] To adjust the position of the connecting post 61, this application also includes a mounting groove 41 inside the mounting base 4. A strip plate 411 is slidably mounted inside the mounting groove 41. A toothed plate 412 is fixed to one side of the strip plate 411. A driving collar 42 is movably sleeved on the middle of the connecting post 61. The surface of the driving collar 42 has toothed grooves and meshes with the toothed plate 412 for transmission. Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, when the strip plate 411 slides along its own length, the toothed plate 412 can drive the drive collar 42 to rotate accordingly. Secondly, the drive collar 42 is rotatably installed in the inner cavity of the mounting groove 41, and the two have the same width. Therefore, the drive collar 42 can only rotate on the outside of the connecting column 61 and cannot shift its position along the length of the connecting column 61. A threaded groove 62 is provided on the middle surface of the connecting column 61 and is threadedly connected to the drive collar 42. When the strip plate 411 drives the drive collar 42 to rotate, the drive collar 42 can drive the connecting column 61 to move along its own length through the thread. Therefore, it can adjust the pressure generated between the two sealing plugs 6 and the two pressure sensors 7 respectively. In the initial state after the device is installed, the pressure values ​​monitored by the pressure sensors 7 on both sides of the mounting base 4 are kept consistent. That is, in the initial state, the monitoring component 3 of this device monitors that the liquid pressure difference on both sides is zero.

[0040] To control the movement of the strip plate 411, this application also includes a limiting slide groove 46 at one end of the mounting base 4, which communicates with the inner cavity of the mounting groove 41. A limiting slide plate 461 adapted to the limiting slide groove 46 is slidably installed in the inner cavity of the limiting slide groove 46, and the limiting slide plate 461 has a square cross-section. The limiting slide plate 461 can only slide in the inner cavity of the limiting slide groove 46 and cannot rotate. A connecting spring 462 is fixed on one side of the limiting slide plate 461, and one end of the connecting spring 462 is fixedly connected to one end of the strip plate 411. When the position of the limiting slide plate 461 moves, the degree of compression (or tension) of the connecting spring 462 changes. At this time, the pushing force (or pulling force) on the strip plate 411 changes accordingly. Therefore, the strip plate 411 has a tendency to slide, which in turn can drive the connecting column 61 to have a tendency to move.

[0041] To adjust the elastic force of the connecting spring 462, this application further includes an adjusting screw 463 fixed to the other side of the limiting slide plate 461, an adjusting sleeve 91 fixed to one end of the adjusting knob 9, a limiting collar 92 fixedly sleeved on the surface of the adjusting sleeve 91, and the adjusting sleeve 91 rotatably mounted on the side wall of the housing 31. The adjusting sleeve 91 is threaded onto the outside of the adjusting screw 463, combined with... Figure 7 and Figure 4It can be seen that the adjustment knob 9 and the adjustment sleeve 91 can only rotate by themselves and will not displace along their own length directions. Therefore, when the staff twists the adjustment knob 9 from the outside of the housing 31, the adjustment sleeve 91 can drive the adjustment screw rod 463 to move through the thread, so as to adjust the elastic force of the connecting spring 462.

[0042] In order to collect the monitoring data of the pressure sensor 7, the present application also has bases 44 for installing the pressure sensor 7 fixed in the middle of both side surfaces of the mounting seat 4. The pressure sensor 7 can be fixed to the base 44 by screws. A through groove 43 is formed through the end of the mounting seat 4, and an inner flange 431 is fixed to the inner side wall of the through groove 43. A circuit board 8 is fixed to one side surface of the inner flange 431 by screws. The wire on the pressure sensor 7 passes through the inner cavity of the mounting groove 41 and enters the inner cavity of the through groove 43 and is electrically connected to the circuit board 8. As Figure 5 shown, the wire on the pressure sensor 7 is accommodated in the inner cavity of the mounting groove 41, and the circuit board 8 is exposed outside for easy heat dissipation. After the circuit board 8 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 7, it can collect the monitoring data of the pressure sensor 7. The strip plate 411 and the wire are respectively on the upper and lower sides of the connecting column 61, so the two will not interfere with each other.

[0043] In order to prevent the connecting column 61 from tilting, the present application also has an anti-deviation collar 45 fixedly connected to the side surface of the mounting seat 4, and the anti-deviation collar 45 is movably sleeved on the outside of the connecting column 61. The length of the anti-deviation collar 45 is less than the distance between the sealing partition 5 and the mounting seat 4. The anti-deviation collar 45 is mainly used to position the connecting column 61, prevent the connecting column 61 from tilting and position deviation, so as to ensure better sealing between the sealing plug 6 and the sealing partition 5.

[0044] In order to facilitate the installation of the monitoring component 3, the present application also has fixing studs 33 fixedly arranged on both side surfaces of the housing 31. When the monitoring component 3 of the present device is installed as a whole, it needs to cooperate with a known "C"-shaped mounting bracket in the prior art. The end of the mounting bracket is sleeved on the outside of the fixing stud 33 and tightened by a nut, and the mounting bracket itself is fixed by screws or directly welded. There is an opening on the front surface of the housing 31, and a cover 34 is fixed to cover the opening by screws. The middle of the cover 34 is recessed, and a transparent window is arranged in the recess. The cover 34 is detachable, which can facilitate the staff to disassemble and replace the damaged devices inside the housing 31.

[0045] The present invention also discloses a monitoring method for the high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device according to the above, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: Install multiple monitoring components 3 at equal intervals along the length of the high-speed railway subgrade inside the subgrade. The multiple monitoring components 3 are located at the same horizontal height. Adjacent monitoring components 3 are connected by connecting hoses 2. The two connecting hoses 2 on both sides of the monitoring component 3 are connected to the inner cavities on both sides of the outer shell 31, and the inner cavity in the middle of the outer shell 31 remains relatively independent.

[0047] Step 2: Multiple connecting hoses 2 form a connecting pipeline. A water storage tank 1 is set at one end of the pipeline. The water storage tank 1 stores an appropriate amount of liquid. The liquid in the water storage tank 1 is injected into the inner cavity of each connecting hose 2.

[0048] Step 3: Initially, the height of multiple monitoring components 3 is consistent. The monitoring components 3 measure the initial hydraulic pressure inside the connecting hose 2, and the initial hydraulic pressure is consistent. The pressure difference between the two sides of the monitoring components 3 is zero.

[0049] Step 4: When local subgrade deformation and settlement occur, the monitoring component 3 at the lowest settlement point measures that the hydraulic readings inside the connecting hoses 2 on both sides increase, while the pressure difference between the two sides remains zero. The connecting hoses 2 between the lowest settlement point and the nearest non-settled point are both tilted. Therefore, the monitoring component 3 in this area measures that the hydraulic pressure inside the connecting hoses 2 on both sides is different, and the pressure difference reflects the degree of tilt at this location. The hydraulic pressure and pressure difference data monitored by multiple monitoring components 3 are imported into the computer to draw a subgrade settlement diagram for staff to view intuitively.

[0050] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device, characterized in that: include: The monitoring component (3) includes a hollow shell (31), with interface pipes (32) on both sides of the shell (31) and a connecting hose (2) connected to it. A mounting base (4) is fixed in the middle of the inner cavity of the shell (31). A sealing partition (5) is provided on both sides of the mounting base (4). A sealing plug (6) is movably provided through the middle of the sealing partition (5). A connecting post (61) is movably provided through the middle of the mounting base (4), and the two ends of the connecting post (61) are fixedly connected to the two sealing plugs (6) respectively. A pressure sensor (7) is provided between the sealing plug (6) and the mounting base (4). An adjustment component for adjusting the position of the connecting column (61) is provided inside the mounting base (4). An adjustment knob (9) for driving the adjustment component is provided on the outside of the outer shell (31). The sealing partition (5) is fixed and sealed to the inner wall of the outer shell (31), and a sealing gasket is provided at the connection between the sealing plug (6) and the sealing partition (5). There are two connecting columns (61) and they are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the mounting base (4). The mounting base (4) has an internal mounting groove (41), and a strip plate (411) is slidably mounted in the inner cavity of the mounting groove (41). A toothed plate (412) is fixed on one side of the strip plate (411). A driving collar (42) is movably sleeved in the middle of the connecting column (61). The surface of the driving collar (42) has a toothed groove and meshes with the toothed plate (412) for transmission. The mounting base (4) has a base (44) for mounting the pressure sensor (7) fixed in the middle of both sides. The end of the mounting base (4) has a through groove (43) and an inner flange (431) is fixed to the inner side wall of the through groove (43). A circuit board (8) is fixed to one side of the inner flange (431) by screws. The wires on the pressure sensor (7) pass through the inner cavity of the mounting groove (41) into the inner cavity of the through groove (43) and are electrically connected to the circuit board (8).

2. The high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive collar (42) is rotatably installed in the inner cavity of the mounting groove (41) and the two have the same width. The middle surface of the connecting column (61) is provided with a threaded groove (62) and is threadedly connected to the drive collar (42).

3. The high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the mounting base (4) is provided with a limiting slide groove (46) that communicates with the inner cavity of the mounting groove (41). A limiting slide plate (461) adapted to it is slidably installed in the inner cavity of the limiting slide groove (46), and the limiting slide plate (461) has a square cross section. A connecting spring (462) is fixed on one side of the limiting slide plate (461), and one end of the connecting spring (462) is fixedly connected to one end of the strip plate (411).

4. The high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: An adjusting screw (463) is fixed on the other side of the limiting slide plate (461), and an adjusting sleeve (91) is fixed on one end of the adjusting knob (9). A limiting collar (92) is fixedly sleeved on the surface of the adjusting sleeve (91), and the adjusting sleeve (91) is rotatably installed on the side wall of the outer shell (31). The adjusting sleeve (91) is threaded onto the outside of the adjusting screw (463).

5. The high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting base (4) is fixedly connected to an anti-deviation collar (45) on its side, and the anti-deviation collar (45) is movably sleeved on the outside of the connecting column (61). The length of the anti-deviation collar (45) is less than the distance between the sealing partition (5) and the mounting base (4).

6. The high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both sides of the outer shell (31) are fixed with studs (33). The front of the outer shell (31) is provided with an opening, and the opening is covered with a cover (34) by screws. The cover (34) is recessed in the middle and a transparent window is provided in the recess.

7. A monitoring method for a high-speed railway subgrade deformation monitoring device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: Specifically, the following steps are included: Step 1: Install multiple monitoring components (3) at equal intervals along the length of the high-speed railway subgrade inside the subgrade. The multiple monitoring components (3) are located at the same horizontal height. Adjacent monitoring components (3) are connected by connecting hoses (2). The two connecting hoses (2) on both sides of the monitoring component (3) are connected to the inner cavities on both sides of the outer shell (31). The inner cavity in the middle of the outer shell (31) remains relatively independent. Step 2: Multiple connecting hoses (2) form a connecting pipeline. A water storage tank (1) is set at one end of the pipeline. The water storage tank (1) stores an appropriate amount of liquid. The liquid in the water storage tank (1) is injected into the inner cavity of each connecting hose (2). Step 3: Initially, the height of multiple monitoring components (3) is consistent. The monitoring components (3) measure the initial hydraulic pressure inside the connecting hose (2), and the initial hydraulic pressure is consistent. The pressure difference between the two sides of the monitoring components (3) is zero. Step 4: When local subgrade deformation and settlement occur, the monitoring component (3) at the lowest settlement point measures the hydraulic readings inside the connecting hoses (2) on both sides, which both increase, and the pressure difference between the two sides is still zero. The connecting hoses (2) between the lowest settlement point and the nearest non-settled point are both tilted. Therefore, the monitoring component (3) in this area measures different hydraulic values ​​inside the connecting hoses (2) on both sides, and the pressure difference reflects the degree of tilt at this location. The hydraulic and pressure difference data monitored by multiple monitoring components (3) are imported into the computer, and a subgrade settlement diagram is drawn for the staff to view intuitively.

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