Equipment and method for measuring pressure changes in train compartments on lines with drastic altitude changes

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of pressure difference measurement technology, specifically to a device and method for measuring pressure changes in train compartments on lines with drastic altitude changes, comprising: a mounting frame, on which a pressure difference measurement component is fixedly mounted, the pressure difference measurement component being provided with an open end and a reference end; a partition plate being provided with a vortex-shaped oil channel; an outer cylinder being sleeved on the outer side of an inner cylinder, a guide plate being installed in a gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and being filled with filler, the guide plate being spiral-shaped; the beneficial effect being that by connecting the inner cylinder at one end of a connecting pipe, sleeved on the outer side of the inner cylinder, and leaving a gap between the two, the gap being filled with filler, the air pressure at one end of the pressure difference measurement component changes rapidly with changes in the surrounding environment, the change in the air pressure at the reference end is affected by an oil pressure damper and an air pressure damper, and produces a delay and damping effect, thereby reducing the pressure fluctuation at the reference end and forming a pressure difference at both ends of the pressure difference measurement component, so as to facilitate real-time monitoring of the pressure difference measurement component.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pressure difference measurement, and in particular to a device and method for measuring pressure changes in train compartments on lines with drastic altitude changes. Background Art

[0002] When a train runs on a line with drastic changes in altitude, the pressure outside the train changes accordingly. Especially when the train passes through a tunnel or crosses another train in a tunnel, the interaction between the altitude change and the tunnel effect causes new changes in the pressure outside the train. This change is transmitted to the interior of the carriage, which will have a significant impact on the riding comfort of the passengers inside the carriage.

[0003] In the existing technology, the pressure changes inside the car are usually measured by a differential pressure sensor, one end of which is connected to the car and the other end is used as a reference pressure. In most cases, the ambient pressure and temperature do not change much, the reference pressure is relatively stable, and the measurement effect is very good.

[0004] However, currently, for lines with significant altitude fluctuations, the ambient pressure and temperature can fluctuate significantly, causing the reference pressure of the differential pressure sensor to fluctuate by approximately 70 Pa, severely impacting the accuracy of measuring the pressure difference within the carriage. To address this issue, the present invention proposes a device and method for measuring pressure changes in train carriages on lines with significant altitude fluctuations to address this issue. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for measuring pressure changes in train compartments on lines with drastic altitude changes, so as to solve the problem of low measurement accuracy of compartment pressure differences by traditional differential pressure sensors proposed in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a device for measuring pressure changes in train compartments on lines with drastic altitude changes, comprising:

[0007] a mounting frame, on which a differential pressure measuring assembly is fixedly mounted, the differential pressure measuring assembly being provided with an open end and a reference end, a connecting pipe being provided on the outside of the differential pressure measuring assembly, the two ends of the connecting pipe being respectively connected to an oil pressure damper and a gas pressure damper, and the oil pressure damper being connected to the reference end;

[0008] The hydraulic damper comprises a first half shell and a second half shell, with a partition plate fixedly mounted between the two. A vortex-shaped oil passage is provided inside the partition plate, and the two ends of the oil passage are connected to the inner cavities of the first half shell and the second half shell, respectively. Sealing slides are provided on both sides of the partition plate, and the space between the two sealing slides is filled with hydraulic oil.

[0009] The air pressure damper includes an inner cylinder connected to a connecting pipe, an outer cylinder is sleeved on the outside of the inner cylinder, a guide plate is installed in the gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and filled with filler, the guide plate is spiral-shaped, a first breathable membrane is provided at the open end of the gap between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, and a second breathable membrane is provided at the connection between the inner cavity of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder.

[0010] Preferably, the pressure difference measuring assembly includes a shell, the open end and the reference end are respectively fixed on both sides of the shell and connected to the inner cavity, the inner cavity of the shell is rotatably installed with a rotating part concentric therewith, the outer wall of the rotating part is fixed with a sealing baffle, and limit baffles are provided on both sides of the sealing baffle, and the limit baffles are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell.

[0011] Preferably, the inner cavity of the shell is provided with a blocking cavity, the outer wall of the blocking cavity is arc-shaped and fits the outer wall of the rotating part, the inner cavity of the rotating part is fixedly installed with a transmitter, the side wall of the blocking cavity is provided with an avoidance slot for the transmitter to pass through, the inner cavity of the blocking cavity is provided with a receiving plate, and the receiving plate is fixed to the inner wall of the shell, and the transmitter is facing the receiving plate.

[0012] Preferably, the outer wall of the shell is provided with a through groove communicating with the inner cavity of the barrier cavity, a mounting seat is fixedly mounted on the front of the shell, and a controller is mounted on the mounting seat, and the receiving board and the transmitter are electrically connected to the controller through wires.

[0013] Preferably, the surfaces of half shell one and half shell two are respectively fixedly connected with a threaded sleeve and a rotating connecting sleeve, the threaded sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the reference end and sealed therewith, the rotating connecting sleeve is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the other end of the connecting pipe and sealed therewith, and a fixed column is movably provided through the middle of the partition plate, and the two ends of the fixed column are respectively fixedly connected to two sealing slides.

[0014] Preferably, the guide plates are provided in plurality and distributed in a circular array, the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the inner wall of the outer cylinder are respectively fitted with an inner tube and an outer tube, the inner edge and outer edge of the guide plate are respectively fixed with the inner tube and the outer tube, the diameters of one end of the inner cylinder, the outer cylinder and the guide plate are gradually reduced to form a truncated cone shape, and a rubber pad is bonded to the inner wall of one end of the outer cylinder.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of evenly distributed ventilation holes are opened through one end of the surface of the inner cylinder, and the ventilation holes correspond to the second breathable membrane. The second breathable membrane is located in the inner cavity of the inner cylinder. A positioning frame for pressing the second breathable membrane is provided in the inner cavity of one end of the inner cylinder. A bottom plate is fixed to one end of the positioning frame, and the bottom plate is fixedly connected to the inner cylinder by bolts.

[0016] Preferably, a compression ring is fixed to the outside of the other end of the inner tube, a connecting flange is fixed to the open end of the outer tube, and the connecting flange is fixedly connected to the compression ring by bolts, a shaping ring is provided at the edge of the breathable membrane, the connecting flange and the compression ring respectively press the two sides of the shaping ring, and an air inlet is provided on the surface of the compression ring.

[0017] Preferably, a fixed plate is fixed on the side of the mounting frame, and a positioning hole is provided on the surface of the fixed plate, the pressure differential measuring assembly is provided with a positioning rod connected to the positioning hole, and the mounting frame is provided with a receiving platform for supporting the pressure differential measuring assembly, a receiving groove is provided inside the receiving platform, and a positioning baffle is slid in the inner cavity of the receiving groove, the positioning baffle and the fixed plate are respectively attached to the front and back of the pressure differential measuring assembly, both ends of the positioning baffle are penetrated by a guide rod, and the guide rod is fixed to the inner cavity of the receiving groove, and the outer side of the guide rod is sleeved with a reset spring that pushes the positioning baffle to slide.

[0018] A method for measuring pressure changes in train compartments on lines with drastic altitude changes, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Install the device inside the train compartment. When the train is affected by altitude and temperature, or passes through a tunnel, the air pressure inside the compartment changes, and the pressure in the open end cavity changes rapidly.

[0020] Step 2: The pressure change in the inner cavity of the reference end is affected by the oil pressure damper and the air pressure damper, resulting in a delay and damping effect, specifically as follows: the surrounding air passes through the outer cylinder, the inner cylinder and the inner cavity of the connecting pipe in turn into the inner cavity of the oil pressure damper. During this process, the guide plate guides the air, extends the air flow path, and the filler slows down the air flow speed, causing the sealing slide to delay and slide slowly. The sliding of the sealing slide drives the hydraulic oil to pass through the inner cavity of the oil channel. Under the dual influence of its own viscosity and the long path of the oil channel, the hydraulic oil forms a damping on the sliding of the sealing slide, causing the air pressure change in the inner cavity of the reference end to produce a delay and damping effect, while reducing the pressure fluctuation in the inner cavity of the reference end. The pressure difference measurement component thus accurately measures the pressure difference between the inner cavity of the open end and the reference end.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present invention connects the inner cylinder at one end of the connecting pipe, and sleeves the outer cylinder on the outside of the inner cylinder with a gap between the two. The gap is filled with fillers. An oil pressure damper is provided at the connection between the pressure difference measuring component and the connecting pipe. The oil pressure damper includes half shell one and half shell two, and sealing slides are slidably installed in the inner cavities of both. The cavity formed between the two sealing slides is filled with hydraulic oil. A partition plate is provided between the two sealing slides, and a vortex oil channel is opened inside the partition plate. When the air pressure around the device changes due to the influence of altitude, temperature or tunnel, the surrounding air passes through the outer cylinder in turn. The inner cavities of the cylinder, inner cylinder and connecting pipes exchange air with the inner cavities of the two half shells. The filler can produce a damping effect on the air flow, which delays the sliding of the sealing slide. When the hydraulic oil flows in the inner cavity of the oil channel, it is affected by its own viscosity and damps the sliding of the sealing slide. Therefore, the air pressure at one end of the differential pressure measuring component changes rapidly with the changes in the surrounding environment, while the change in the air pressure at the reference end is affected by the oil pressure damper and the air pressure damper, resulting in a delay and damping effect, thereby reducing the air pressure fluctuation at the reference end and forming a pressure difference at both ends of the differential pressure measuring component to facilitate real-time monitoring of the differential pressure measuring component. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a partially cutaway schematic diagram of the mounting frame structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross-section of the differential pressure measurement assembly structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the pressure differential measurement assembly structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of the housing structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the rotating part of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion of the oil pressure damper structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of the partition plate structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the guide plate of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion of the inner cylinder structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 12 This is a curve chart of the test data of the device installed inside a carriage passing through a tunnel;

[0035] Figure 13 This is a curve chart of the test data of a traditional differential pressure sensor installed inside a carriage passing through a tunnel.

[0036] In the figure: 1. Mounting frame; 11. Fixing plate; 12. Positioning socket; 13. Receiving platform; 14. Storage slot; 15. Positioning baffle; 16. Return spring; 2. Pressure differential measurement assembly; 21. Housing; 211. Limit baffle; 212. Blocking cavity; 213. Avoidance slot; 214. Receiving plate; 215. Through slot; 216. Positioning rod; 217. Mounting seat; 218. Controller; 22. Rotating member; 221. Sealing baffle; 222. Transmitter; 23. Open end; 24. Reference end; 3. Connecting pipe; 4. Oil pressure damper; 41 , half shell one; 411, threaded sleeve; 42, half shell two; 421, rotating connecting sleeve; 43, partition plate; 431, oil channel; 44, sealing slide plate; 45, fixing column; 5, air pressure damper; 51, inner tube; 511, breathable membrane one; 512, shaping ring; 513, breathable membrane two; 514, vent; 515, positioning frame; 516, bottom plate; 517, clamping ring; 518, air inlet; 52, outer tube; 521, rubber pad; 522, connecting flange; 53, guide plate; 531, inner tube; 532, outer tube; 54, packing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to clearly and completely describe the objectives and technical solutions of the present invention and make the advantages more clearly understood, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them, and are only used to explain the embodiments of the present invention, not to limit the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] See also Figures 1 to 11 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0039] Embodiment 1, a device for measuring pressure changes in a train compartment on a line with drastic altitude changes, includes: a mounting frame 1.

[0040] Specifically, a pressure differential measuring assembly 2 is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame 1, and the mounting frame 1 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the train compartment by bolts. An open end 23 and a reference end 24 are provided on the pressure differential measuring assembly 2. The open end 23 is directly connected to the interior of the compartment. A connecting pipe 3 is provided on the outside of the pressure differential measuring assembly 2. The two ends of the connecting pipe 3 are respectively connected to an oil pressure damper 4 and an air pressure damper 5, and the oil pressure damper 4 is connected to the reference end 24. When the air pressure inside the train compartment changes, the air pressure in the cavity of the open end 23 can change rapidly accordingly, while the air in the cavity of the reference end 24 needs to be ventilated with the surrounding environment through the oil pressure damper 4, the connecting pipe 3 and the air pressure damper 5. Therefore, the change in the air pressure in the cavity of the reference end 24 will be delayed compared to the open end 23. The pressure differential measuring assembly 2 of the present device determines the pressure change inside the compartment when the train travels at different altitudes, in different temperature zones, and through tunnels by monitoring the pressure difference between the inner cavities of the open end 23 and the reference end 24.

[0041] Secondly, the oil damper 4 includes a half shell 1 41 and a half shell 2 42, and a partition plate 43 is fixedly installed between the two. Figure 8 As shown, the diameter of the partition plate 43 is larger than the diameter of the half shell 1 41 and the half shell 2 42. The outer sides of the half shell 1 41 and the half shell 2 42 are provided with flanges for fixing each other. The partition plate 43 is fixed between the half shell 1 41 and the half shell 2 42 and keeps a seal with both. The partition plate 43 is used to separate the inner cavities of the half shell 1 41 and the half shell 2 42. A vortex-shaped oil passage 431 is opened inside the partition plate 43, and the two ends of the oil passage 431 are connected to the inner cavities of the half shell 1 41 and the half shell 2 42 respectively. A sealing slide 44 is provided on both sides of the partition plate 43, and a space is filled between the two sealing slides 44. There is hydraulic oil. When the air pressure in the inner cavities of half shell 1 41 and half shell 2 42 changes and a pressure differential is generated, the two sealing slides 44 slide in the inner cavities of half shell 1 41 and half shell 2 42 respectively. At this time, the hydraulic oil on both sides of the partition plate 43 will be exchanged through the oil channel 431. Since the oil channel 431 itself has a small inner diameter and a long path, the hydraulic oil can produce a damping effect on the sliding of the sealing slide 44 due to its own viscosity, so that the fluctuations caused by the air pressure change can be offset or even completely eliminated, thereby reducing the error generated by the pressure difference measurement component 2 when measuring the pressure difference and improving the pressure difference measurement accuracy;

[0042] Furthermore, the air pressure damper 5 includes an inner cylinder 51 connected to the connecting pipe 3, an outer cylinder 52 is sleeved on the outer side of the inner cylinder 51, the two are concentric, and a gap is left between them, a guide plate 53 is installed in the gap between the inner cylinder 51 and the outer cylinder 52, and filled with a filler 54, the guide plate 53 is spiral, and the air around the device can pass through the gap between the outer cylinder 52 and the inner cylinder 51 into the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 51, and then enter the inner cavity of the oil pressure damper 4 along the connecting pipe 3, the setting of the guide plate 53 can extend the flow path of the air in the inner cavity of the outer cylinder 52, the filler 54 is a fixed powder with a small particle diameter, such as flour. Since the internal gap of the filler 54 is small, the air flow speed is slow, Therefore, when the ambient air pressure changes, the air pressure in the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 51 cannot change immediately. Only after a delay of a period of time, when the air in the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 51 is exchanged with the ambient air, will the air pressure in the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 51 and the ambient air pressure gradually reach equilibrium. In combination with the above, it can be seen that the device is provided with an oil pressure damper 4 and a gas pressure damper 5, which are respectively used to buffer the fluctuation of air pressure and delay the change of air pressure in the inner cavity of the reference end 24. Therefore, when the ambient air pressure changes, the air pressure in the inner cavity of the open end 23 can change immediately and always maintain equilibrium with the ambient air pressure, while the air pressure in the inner cavity of the reference end 24 will gradually reach equilibrium with the ambient air pressure after a delay.

[0043] Therefore, the pressure difference measurement component 2 of this device can measure the pressure difference of the air pressure inside the carriage over time. The measured pressure difference result is the pressure difference before and after a certain time point at the same position in the same carriage. By monitoring the pressure difference at multiple time points, the change data of the air pressure inside the carriage over a certain period of time can be obtained. The following table shows the air pressure monitoring data when this device is installed in a train carriage and the train passes through a tunnel:

[0044]

[0045]

[0046]

[0047]

[0048]

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] The data in the above table are plotted into a curve graph, with the X-axis being time (in milliseconds) and the Y-axis being air pressure (in Pa), and we get Figure 12 , by comparing the monitoring data of traditional differential pressure sensor to draw a curve chart, such as Figure 13As shown, it can be seen that the device can effectively eliminate the pressure fluctuations caused by air pressure changes and improve the accuracy of pressure difference monitoring;

[0052] In addition, a breathable membrane 1 511 is provided at the open end of the gap between the outer tube 52 and the inner tube 51, and a breathable membrane 2 513 is provided at the connection point between the inner cavities of the outer tube 52 and the inner tube 51. Both the breathable membrane 1 511 and the breathable membrane 2 513 can only allow air to pass through, but cannot allow the filler 54 to pass through, thereby preventing the filler 54 from spilling and gradually losing it with the flow of air.

[0053] In order to measure the pressure difference between the open end 23 and the reference end 24, the pressure difference measuring assembly 2 of the present application includes a housing 21, the open end 23 and the reference end 24 are respectively fixed on both sides of the housing 21 and communicate with the inner cavity. The structure of the housing 21 is as follows: Figure 4 、 5 As shown in FIG6 , a rotating member 22 is rotatably mounted in the inner cavity of the housing 21 and is concentric therewith. A sealing baffle 221 is fixed to the outer wall of the rotating member 22. A limit baffle 211 is provided on both sides of the sealing baffle 221, and the limit baffle 211 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing 21. The rotating member 22 can rotate in the inner cavity of the housing 21. When the rotating member 22 rotates, the sealing baffle 221 moves. Figure 4 As shown, the sealing partition 221 and the rotating member 22 separate the inner cavity of the shell 21 into two parts, left and right. When the ambient air pressure changes, the air pressure in the inner cavity of the open end 23 changes rapidly. At this time, the air pressure in the inner cavity of the reference end 24 does not change due to the delay. Therefore, a pressure difference is formed between the inner cavities of the open end 23 and the reference end 24. The sealing partition 221 deflects under the action of the pressure difference and drives the rotating member 22 to rotate. According to the degree of deflection of the sealing partition 221, the pressure difference between the open end 23 and the reference end 24 can be measured.

[0054] In order to measure the specific value of the pressure difference, the present application also has a barrier cavity 212 provided in the inner cavity of the housing 21. The outer wall of the barrier cavity 212 is arc-shaped and fits the outer wall of the rotating member 22. Figure 4 As shown, the side wall of the barrier cavity 212 fits with the side wall of the upper half of the rotating member 22 and blocks the upper half of the inner cavity of the housing 21. When the sealing partition 221 is in the position shown in FIG. Figure 4When the sealing partition 221 is in the above-mentioned position, the volumes of the inner cavities on the left and right sides of the shell 21 are the same, and when the sealing partition 221 is deflected, the volumes of the inner cavities on the left and right sides of the shell 21 will change. Therefore, the air pressure in the inner cavities of the open end 23 and the reference end 24 will actually act on the two sides of the sealing partition 221. In other words, the sealing partition 221 deflects under the action of the pressure difference. The greater the pressure difference, the greater the degree of deflection, and vice versa. A transmitter 222 is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the rotating member 22, and an avoidance slot 213 for the transmitter 222 to pass through is opened on the side wall of the blocking cavity 212. The inner cavity of the blocking cavity 212 is provided with a receiving plate 2 14. The receiving plate 214 is fixed to the inner wall of the outer shell 21, and the transmitter 222 is facing the receiving plate 214. When the sealing partition 221 is deflected, the rotating member 22 is driven to rotate, thereby driving the transmitter 222 to deflect synchronously. The deflection amount of the transmitter 222 is consistent with the deflection amount of the sealing partition 221. The transmitter 222 can emit laser light to illuminate the surface of the receiving plate 214. By detecting different positions of the transmitter 222 irradiated on the surface of the receiving plate 214, the deflection amount of the sealing partition 221 can be determined, thereby knowing the pressure difference between the inner cavity of the open end 23 and the reference end 24, that is, the pressure difference before and after the car at a certain point in time.

[0055] In order to control the receiving board 214 and the transmitter 222, the present application also has a through slot 215 on the outer wall of the shell 21 that is connected to the inner cavity of the barrier cavity 212. A mounting seat 217 is fixedly installed on the front of the shell 21, and a controller 218 is installed on the mounting seat 217. The receiving board 214 and the transmitter 222 are electrically connected to the controller 218 through wires. The wires on the back of the receiving board 214 can pass through the through slot 215 and extend to the outside of the shell 21 to maintain electrical connection with the controller 218. Figure 7 As shown, the wires of the transmitter 222 pass through the center of the front of the rotating member 22 and extend to the outside of the rotating member 22, thereby facilitating electrical connection with the controller 218. The advantage of this design is that it can prevent the wires of the transmitter 222 from being twisted off due to the rotation of the rotating member 22.

[0056] In order to install and connect the oil damper 4, the present application also has a threaded sleeve 411 and a rotating connection sleeve 421 fixedly connected on the surface of the half shell 1 41 and the half shell 2 42 respectively. The threaded sleeve 411 is sleeved on the outside of the reference end 24 and is sealed therewith. Figure 8 As shown, the threaded sleeve 411 can be screwed onto the outside of the reference end 24. A built-in flange is provided at the connection between the threaded sleeve 411 and the half shell 41. The end face of the reference end 24 can be pressed against the side face of the flange. A sealing gasket is provided on the surface of the flange to ensure the sealing between the reference end 24 and the inner cavity of the half shell 41. The rotating connecting sleeve 421 is rotated and sleeved onto the outside of the other end of the connecting pipe 3 and is sealed therewith. Figure 3 and Figure 8As shown, the other end of the connecting pipe 3 is inserted into the inner cavity of the rotating connecting sleeve 421, and the two only maintain relative rotation without separation, and a sealing gasket is also provided on the outside of the other end of the connecting pipe 3 to ensure the sealing between the two. The oil pressure damper 4 as a whole can rotate at the other end of the connecting pipe 3, thereby realizing a fixed connection with the reference end 24. A fixed column 45 is provided through the middle of the partition plate 43, and the two ends of the fixed column 45 are respectively fixedly connected to two sealing slides 44. As shown in Figure 8, the setting of the fixed column 45 ensures that the two sealing slides 44 always slide synchronously in the same direction, and the sealing slide 44 will not tilt even if it is set to a thinner structure. Therefore, the sealing slide 44 can move even if it is only subjected to air pressure. The sealing slide 44 slides passively under the action of air pressure, thereby adjusting the inner cavity volume of the communication area of ​​the reference end 24.

[0057] In order to achieve the installation of the guide plate 53, the guide plate 53 of the present application is provided with multiple and distributed in a circular array, and the inner tube 531 and the outer tube 532 are respectively fitted on the outer wall of the inner tube 51 and the inner wall of the outer tube 52. The inner edge and the outer edge of the guide plate 53 are respectively fixed with the inner tube 531 and the outer tube 532 to achieve the positioning of the guide plate 53. The diameters of the inner tube 51, the outer tube 52 and one end of the guide plate 53 are gradually reduced to form a frustum shape, which can facilitate the insertion of the inner tube 51 into the inner cavity of the outer tube 52. A rubber pad 521 is bonded to the inner wall of one end of the outer tube 52 to prevent the outer tube 52 from being damaged by the collision of the inner tube 51.

[0058] In order to prevent the filler 54 from entering the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 51, the present application also has a plurality of evenly distributed air holes 514 opened through one end of the surface of the inner cylinder 51, and the air holes 514 correspond to the second breathable membrane 513. The air in the inner cavity of the outer cylinder 52 will pass through the air holes 514 and enter the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 51. The second breathable membrane 513 can block the air holes 514 to ensure that only air can enter the inner cavity of the outer cylinder 52, while the filler 54 cannot enter the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 51. The second breathable membrane 513 is located in the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 51, and a positioning frame 515 is provided in the inner cavity of one end of the inner cylinder 51 to press the second breathable membrane 513. A bottom plate 516 is fixed to one end of the positioning frame 515, and the bottom plate 516 is fixedly connected to the inner cylinder 51 by bolts. The setting of the bottom plate 516 is used to press the second breathable membrane 513 without affecting the normal flow of air.

[0059] In order to position the breathable membrane 511, the present application also has a clamping ring 517 fixed on the outside of the other end of the inner cylinder 51, a connecting flange 522 is fixed to the open end of the outer cylinder 52, and the connecting flange 522 is fixedly connected to the clamping ring 517 by bolts, so as to realize the fixation of the inner cylinder 51 and the outer cylinder 52. A shaping ring 512 is provided at the edge of the breathable membrane 511, and the connecting flange 522 and the clamping ring 517 respectively press the two sides of the shaping ring 512. Figure 11 As shown, after the breathable membrane 511 is pressed against the shaping ring 512, the breathable membrane 511 can be positioned to ensure that the breathable membrane 511 is sealed at the open end of the gap between the outer tube 52 and the inner tube 51 to prevent the filler 54 from leaking. An air inlet 518 is provided on the surface of the pressing ring 517 to allow air to enter the inner cavity of the outer tube 52.

[0060] In order to connect the pressure difference measuring component 2 with the mounting frame 1, the present application also has a fixed plate 11 fixed on the side of the mounting frame 1, and a positioning hole 12 is provided on the surface of the fixed plate 11, and a positioning rod 216 is provided on the pressure difference measuring component 2 to be plugged into the positioning hole 12. The pressure difference measuring component 2 of the present device is installed on the end face of the fixed plate 11 through the positioning rod 216. There are multiple positioning holes 12 and positioning rods 216 to prevent the pressure difference measuring component 2 from rotating. A receiving platform 13 for supporting the pressure difference measuring component 2 is provided on the mounting frame 1, and a receiving groove 14 is provided inside the receiving platform 13, and a positioning baffle 15 is slid in the inner cavity of the receiving groove 14, and the positioning baffle 15 and the fixed plate 11 are respectively fitted On the front and back of the pressure differential measuring component 2, both ends of the positioning baffle 15 are penetrated by guide rods, and the guide rods are fixed in the inner cavity of the receiving groove 14. The outer side of the guide rod is sleeved with a reset spring 16 that pushes the positioning baffle 15 to slide. The positioning baffle 15 can be used to limit the front of the pressure differential measuring component 2 to ensure that the pressure differential measuring component 2 will not move away from the fixed disk 11. The staff can remove the pressure differential measuring component 2 in the direction away from the fixed disk 11 by moving the positioning baffle 15 downward and storing the positioning baffle 15 in the inner cavity of the receiving groove 14. The function of the reset spring 16 is to reset the positioning baffle 15 so that the positioning baffle 15 is always blocked at the front of the pressure differential measuring component 2 to prevent the pressure differential measuring component 2 from being easily separated from the mounting frame 1.

[0061] The present invention also discloses a method for measuring pressure changes in train compartments on lines with drastic altitude changes, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: Install the device inside the train compartment. When the train is affected by altitude and temperature, or passes through a tunnel, the air pressure inside the compartment changes, and the pressure in the cavity of the open end 23 changes rapidly.

[0063] Step 2: The pressure change in the inner cavity of the reference end 24 is affected by the oil pressure damper 4 and the air pressure damper 5, resulting in a delay and damping effect, specifically as follows: the ambient air passes through the outer cylinder 52, the inner cylinder 51 and the inner cavity of the connecting pipe 3 in turn into the inner cavity of the oil pressure damper 4. During this process, the guide plate 53 guides the air, extends the air flow path, and the filler 54 slows down the air flow speed, causing the sealing slide 44 to delay and slide slowly. The sliding of the sealing slide 44 drives the hydraulic oil to pass through the inner cavity of the oil channel 431. Under the dual influence of its own viscosity and the longer path of the oil channel 431, the hydraulic oil forms a damping on the sliding of the sealing slide 44, causing the air pressure change in the inner cavity of the reference end 24 to produce a delay and damping effect, while reducing the air pressure fluctuation in the inner cavity of the reference end 24. The pressure difference measuring component 2 thus accurately measures the pressure difference between the inner cavities of the open end 23 and the reference end 24.

[0064] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Equipment for measuring pressure changes in train compartments on lines with drastic altitude changes, characterized by: include: A mounting frame (1), wherein a differential pressure measuring assembly (2) is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame (1), wherein the differential pressure measuring assembly (2) is provided with an open end (23) and a reference end (24), and a connecting pipe (3) is provided outside the differential pressure measuring assembly (2), wherein both ends of the connecting pipe (3) are respectively connected to an oil pressure damper (4) and a gas pressure damper (5), and the oil pressure damper (4) is connected to the reference end (24); The oil pressure damper (4) comprises a half shell (41) and a half shell (42), and a partition plate (43) is fixedly installed between the two. A vortex-shaped oil passage (431) is provided inside the partition plate (43), and the two ends of the oil passage (431) are respectively connected to the inner cavity of the half shell (41) and the inner cavity of the half shell (42). Sealing slides (44) are provided on both sides of the partition plate (43), and the space between the two sealing slides (44) is filled with hydraulic oil. The air pressure damper (5) comprises an inner cylinder (51) connected to the connecting pipe (3), an outer cylinder (52) is sleeved on the outer side of the inner cylinder (51), a guide plate (53) is installed in the gap between the inner cylinder (51) and the outer cylinder (52), and the gap is filled with a filler (54), the guide plate (53) is spiral-shaped, a first air permeable membrane (511) is provided at the open end of the gap between the outer cylinder (52) and the inner cylinder (51), and a second air permeable membrane (513) is provided at the connection point between the inner cavities of the outer cylinder (52) and the inner cylinder (51); A clamping ring (517) is fixed to the outside of the other end of the inner tube (51), a connecting flange (522) is fixed to the open end of the outer tube (52), and the connecting flange (522) is fixedly connected to the clamping ring (517) by bolts. A shaping ring (512) is provided at the edge of the air-permeable membrane (511), and the connecting flange (522) and the clamping ring (517) respectively press on both sides of the shaping ring (512), and an air inlet (518) is provided on the surface of the clamping ring (517).

2. The equipment for measuring pressure changes in train compartments on lines with drastic altitude changes according to claim 1 is characterized by: The differential pressure measuring assembly (2) comprises a housing (21), the open end (23) and the reference end (24) are respectively fixed to both sides of the housing (21) and communicate with the inner cavity, a rotating member (22) is rotatably mounted in the inner cavity of the housing (21) and is concentric with the rotating member, a sealing baffle (221) is fixed to the outer wall of the rotating member (22), and limit baffles (211) are provided on both sides of the sealing baffle (221), and the limit baffles (211) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing (21).

3. The equipment for measuring pressure changes in train compartments on lines with drastic altitude changes according to claim 2 is characterized by: The inner cavity of the housing (21) is provided with a blocking cavity (212), the outer side wall of the blocking cavity (212) is arc-shaped and fits the outer side wall of the rotating member (22), the inner cavity of the rotating member (22) is fixedly mounted with a transmitter (222), the side wall of the blocking cavity (212) is provided with an avoidance slot (213) for the transmitter (222) to pass through, the inner cavity of the blocking cavity (212) is provided with a receiving plate (214), and the receiving plate (214) is fixed to the inner wall of the housing (21), and the transmitter (222) faces the receiving plate (214).

4. The equipment for measuring pressure changes in train compartments on lines with drastic altitude changes according to claim 3 is characterized by: The outer wall of the housing (21) is provided with a through slot (215) communicating with the inner cavity of the barrier cavity (212). A mounting seat (217) is fixedly mounted on the front surface of the housing (21), and a controller (218) is mounted on the mounting seat (217). The receiving board (214) and the transmitter (222) are both electrically connected to the controller (218) via wires.

5. The equipment for measuring pressure changes in train compartments on lines with drastic altitude changes according to claim 1 is characterized by: The surfaces of the half shell (41) and the half shell (42) are respectively fixedly connected with a threaded sleeve (411) and a rotating connecting sleeve (421), the threaded sleeve (411) is sleeved on the outside of the reference end (24) and is sealed therewith, and the rotating connecting sleeve (421) is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the other end of the connecting pipe (3) and is sealed therewith, and a fixed column (45) is movably provided in the middle of the partition plate (43), and the two ends of the fixed column (45) are respectively fixedly connected to two sealing slide plates (44).

6. The equipment for measuring pressure changes in train compartments on lines with drastic altitude changes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide plates (53) are provided in plurality and distributed in a circular array. The outer wall of the inner cylinder (51) and the inner wall of the outer cylinder (52) are respectively provided with an inner tube (531) and an outer tube (532). The inner edge and outer edge of the guide plates (53) are respectively fixed to the inner tube (531) and the outer tube (532). The diameters of one end of the inner cylinder (51), the outer cylinder (52) and the guide plates (53) are gradually reduced to form a truncated cone shape. A rubber pad (521) is bonded to the inner wall of one end of the outer cylinder (52).

7. The equipment for measuring pressure changes in train compartments on lines with drastic altitude changes according to claim 1 is characterized by: One end of the surface of the inner cylinder (51) is penetrated by a plurality of evenly distributed ventilation holes (514), and the ventilation holes (514) correspond to the second breathable membrane (513). The second breathable membrane (513) is located in the inner cavity of the inner cylinder (51). The inner cavity of one end of the inner cylinder (51) is provided with a positioning frame (515) for pressing the second breathable membrane (513). A bottom plate (516) is fixed to one end of the positioning frame (515), and the bottom plate (516) is fixedly connected to the inner cylinder (51) by bolts.

8. The equipment for measuring pressure changes in train compartments on lines with drastic altitude changes according to claim 1 is characterized by: A fixed disk (11) is fixed on the side of the mounting frame (1), and a positioning socket (12) is provided on the surface of the fixed disk (11); a positioning rod (216) plugged into the positioning socket (12) is provided on the pressure differential measuring component (2); a receiving platform (13) supporting the pressure differential measuring component (2) is provided on the mounting frame (1); a receiving groove (14) is provided inside the receiving platform (13), and a positioning baffle (15) slides in the inner cavity of the receiving groove (14); the positioning baffle (15) and the fixed disk (11) are respectively attached to the front and back of the pressure differential measuring component (2); guide rods are passed through both ends of the positioning baffle (15), and the guide rods are fixed in the inner cavity of the receiving groove (14); and a reset spring (16) for pushing the positioning baffle (15) to slide is sleeved on the outer side of the guide rod.

9. A method for measuring pressure changes in a train compartment according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step 1: Install the device inside the train compartment. When the train is affected by altitude and temperature, or passes through a tunnel, the air pressure inside the compartment changes, and the pressure inside the open end (23) changes rapidly. Step 2: The pressure change in the inner cavity of the reference end (24) is affected by the oil pressure damper (4) and the air pressure damper (5), resulting in a delay and damping effect, as follows: the surrounding air passes through the outer cylinder (52), the inner cylinder (51) and the inner cavity of the connecting pipe (3) in sequence and enters the inner cavity of the oil pressure damper (4). During this process, the guide plate (53) guides the air and extends the air flow path. The filler (54) slows down the air flow speed, causing the sealing slide (44) to delay and slide slowly. The sliding of the sealing slide (44) drives the hydraulic oil to pass through the inner cavity of the oil channel (431). Under the dual influence of its own viscosity and the longer path of the oil channel (431), the hydraulic oil forms a damping on the sliding of the sealing slide (44), causing the air pressure change in the inner cavity of the reference end (24) to produce a delay and damping effect, while reducing the pressure fluctuation in the inner cavity of the reference end (24). The pressure difference measuring component (2) thus accurately measures the pressure difference between the inner cavities of the open end (23) and the reference end (24).

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