Slide mass secondary landslide model experiment device and experiment method

Abstract

The invention discloses a sliding body secondary landslide model experiment device and method in the field of geological disaster model test, and the device comprises a box body, the bottom of the box body is fixedly connected with a base, the base is vertically hinged with a first hydraulic cylinder which is transversely arranged, the top end of the first hydraulic cylinder is hinged with a top end platform, and one side of the top end platform is hinged with a sliding table. The bottom end of the sliding table is hinged to the base, sliding bodies are laid on the sliding table and the top end platform, a pushing assembly is fixedly connected to the top wall of the box body and used for simulating the landslide caused by overload in the inclined upper direction, a controller is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the box body, and a spraying assembly is fixedly connected to the top wall of the box body and used for simulating the landslide caused by rainfall. The top wall of the box body is fixedly connected with a surface detection assembly, and an internal detection assembly is placed in the sliding body. The influence of various physical quantities on landslide triggering is studied through the adjustable device, the secondary landslide process of a reinforced slip mass is simulated, the adaptability of a reinforcement technology and a reinforcement material to landslide repair reinforcement is experimented, and the understanding of the occurrence principle of the secondary landslide is deepened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of geological disaster model tests, in particular to a sliding body secondary landslide model test device and an test method. Background Art

[0002] The landslide evolution process is a continuous and holistic behavior that develops over time, showing extremely complex nonlinear evolution characteristics. The study of the landslide evolution process is of great significance for the understanding of the geological transformation effect of landslides in different periods, the prediction of development and change trends, and the design of control engineering measures.

[0003] In actual situations, in order to avoid the occurrence or aggravation of landslide disasters, slope reinforcement technology and pile foundation reinforcement technology are used to reinforce landslides in the short term. For long-term reinforcement, vegetation maintenance and reinforcement are preferred to maintain the integrity of the mountain ecosystem and reduce the occurrence of landslide disasters.

[0004] Most of the existing landslide model experimental devices simulate and detect the changes in various physical quantities and appearance deformation during the landslide process. Although they are of great value in understanding geological phenomena and predicting geological disasters, they are insufficient in the analysis and simulation of secondary landslides after the sliding body is reinforced, and in the performance simulation of reinforcement technology and reinforcement materials after the landslide disaster occurs. Even if the landslide disaster repair construction personnel can reinforce the landslide according to local conditions, there is no corresponding landslide model to summarize the experience of which reinforcement technology and reinforcement materials are suitable for landslides with different geology, which potentially increases the design difficulty of landslide disaster repair and reinforcement projects.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a landslide model experimental device and experimental method that can simulate the secondary landslide after the sliding body is reinforced and can apply different landslide triggering factors. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a sliding body secondary landslide model experimental device and experimental method, through an adjustable device to study the influence of various physical quantities on the triggering of landslides, simulate the secondary landslide process of reinforced sliding bodies, test the adaptability of reinforcement technology and reinforcement materials to landslide emergency repair and reinforcement, provide guidance for actual projects, and deepen the understanding of the principle of secondary landslide occurrence.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a sliding body secondary landslide model experimental device, comprising a box body, the side walls of the box body are detachably connected to the top wall of the box body, the bottom of the box body is fixedly connected to a base, a first hydraulic cylinder arranged laterally is vertically hinged on the base, a top platform is hinged on the top of the first hydraulic cylinder, a slide is hinged on one side of the top platform, the bottom of the slide is hinged to the base, a sliding body is laid on the slide and the top platform, a spray assembly is fixedly connected to the top wall of the box body for simulating a landslide caused by rainfall, a push assembly is fixedly connected to the top wall of the box body for simulating a landslide caused by an overload at an oblique upper position, a controller is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the box body, a plurality of fixing holes are opened on the slide, and the fixing holes are all bolted with filling bolts;

[0008] The top wall of the box is fixedly connected with a surface detection component, the sliding body is provided with an internal detection component, and the first hydraulic cylinder, the spray component, the push component, the surface detection component and the internal detection component are all connected with controller signals.

[0009] The principle of the basic scheme is: the sliding body secondary landslide model experimental device of the present invention simulates various conditions and influencing factors of landslide occurrence through a series of precisely designed components. First, the angle and displacement angle of the slide are changed by an adjustable hydraulic cylinder (first hydraulic cylinder), thereby simulating the influence of natural factors such as different geological conditions and slopes on landslides. Secondly, the spray component can simulate the triggering effect of rainfall on landslides. By adjusting the intensity and duration of the spray, the occurrence law of landslides under different rainfall conditions can be studied. The displacement component is used to simulate the influence of overload (such as buildings, deposits, etc.) on the landslide from the upper side. By applying thrusts of different directions and sizes, the influence of overload on the stability of the landslide can be studied.

[0010] In addition, the design of the fixed holes and filling bolts on the slide allows the experimenter to embed various sensors and reinforcement materials in the slide body to monitor the changes in physical quantities (such as displacement, stress, etc.) during the landslide process and evaluate the reinforcement effect. The surface detection component and the internal detection component are used to monitor the deformation of the landslide surface and the changes in internal physical quantities, respectively, providing strong support for the collection and analysis of experimental data.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are as follows: 1. Through the adjustable hydraulic cylinder, spray assembly and push assembly, the present invention can accurately simulate the influence of different geological conditions, slope, rainfall intensity and overload on the landslide. This high-precision simulation not only makes the experimental data more reliable, but also can more accurately reflect the real situation of the landslide, providing strong experimental evidence for the study of the landslide mechanism.

[0012] 2. This device can not only simulate the occurrence process of landslides, but also simulate secondary landslides after reinforcement, and test the adaptability of different reinforcement technologies and reinforcement materials to landslide repair and reinforcement. This diversified experimental content not only meets the needs of landslide mechanism research, but also provides rich experimental data support for the design of landslide prevention and control projects. At the same time, this device is also suitable for landslide model experiments of different scales, with high versatility and flexibility.

[0013] 3. The setting of surface detection components and internal detection components enables the experimenter to monitor the changes of physical quantities in the landslide process in real time, such as displacement, water content, etc. The comprehensive collection and analysis of these data will help to reveal the internal mechanism and influencing factors of landslide occurrence, and provide a more in-depth scientific basis for landslide prevention and control projects.

[0014] 4. The design of detachable connection between the side wall and the box makes the experimental device easy to assemble, disassemble, clean and maintain. This design not only reduces the experimental cost and time cost, but also improves the experimental efficiency. At the same time, the easy-to-operate feature also makes this device more suitable for teaching and scientific research, which helps to cultivate more professionals with knowledge and skills in landslide prevention and control.

[0015] Furthermore, the spray assembly includes a liquid inlet pipe, a side wall of the liquid inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the outer top wall of the box body, one end of the liquid inlet pipe is connected to a water pump, and the other end of the liquid inlet pipe is fixedly connected to a forked pipe, the forked pipes all vertically pass through the outer top wall of the box body and are connected to a plurality of liquid separation pipes, a plurality of liquid separation ports are opened at the end and the middle of the liquid separation pipe, the liquid separation ports are connected to a spray head, and the water pump is connected to the controller signal.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. The design of the sprinkler assembly makes the simulation of rainfall more accurate. By adjusting the power of the water pump and the number and distribution of sprinkler heads, different rainfall intensities, rainfall durations, and rainfall distribution conditions can be simulated. This precise simulation helps researchers to have a deeper understanding of the mechanism of rainfall's impact on landslides and provides a scientific basis for landslide prevention and control.

[0017] 2. The automatic control function of the spray component makes the experimental process more controllable. Through the precise control of the water pump by the controller, the spray intensity and duration can be accurately adjusted. This controllability helps to reduce experimental errors and improve the accuracy of experimental data.

[0018] 3. The design of the spray assembly not only improves the accuracy and controllability of the experiment, but also optimizes the experimental efficiency. The automatic control function makes the spray process without manual intervention, thus saving experimental time. At the same time, the uniform distribution and fine spraying of the spray head also help to improve the experimental efficiency, allowing researchers to obtain more useful experimental data in a shorter time.

[0019] 4. Each component of the spray assembly is detachably connected to facilitate daily maintenance and replacement. This design not only extends the service life of the equipment, but also reduces maintenance costs. When a component fails, it can be quickly replaced without affecting the normal operation of the entire experimental device.

[0020] Furthermore, one side of the base close to the top platform is higher than the other side, and a plurality of staggered water guide grooves are provided on the surface of the base. A water collecting groove is provided in parallel on the edge of one side of the base away from the top platform, and both ends of the water collecting groove pass through the box body to connect to the outside.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the foundation scheme are: 1. The design of one side of the base close to the top platform is higher than the other side, so that the water flow can flow naturally along the water channel during simulated rainfall or landslide, avoiding the disorderly accumulation and overflow of water on the surface of the base. The staggered water channel design further enhances the guiding effect of the water flow, ensuring that the water flow can flow to the water collection tank evenly and orderly.

[0022] 2. The water collection tank is designed to be located on the edge of the side of the base away from the top platform and is opened parallel to the edge, so that the water flowing out of the water guide groove can flow smoothly into the water collection tank. The two ends of the water collection tank pass through the box to connect to the outside world, making it easy to discharge the collected water out of the experimental device, thereby avoiding the accumulation of water inside the experimental device and possible interference with the experiment.

[0023] 3. By optimizing the water flow path and effectively draining and collecting the design, the base can ensure that the impact of water flow on the landslide model is more accurate and controllable during the simulated rainfall or landslide process. This helps researchers to more accurately observe and analyze the changes in water flow during the landslide process and its impact on the stability of the landslide, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the experiment.

[0024] 4. The design of the water guide and water collection tank can also effectively prevent the water flow from eroding and damaging other parts of the experimental device. By directing the water flow to the water collection tank and discharging the experimental device, the service life of the experimental device can be extended and the maintenance cost caused by water erosion can be reduced.

[0025] Furthermore, the pushing assembly includes a hanging rail, which is fixedly connected to the top wall of the box body and is located at a position corresponding to the bifurcation of the bifurcation pipe. A rail car is slidably connected to the hanging rail, and a second hydraulic cylinder is vertically fixedly connected to the rail car. Fixed blocks are fixedly connected to both sides of the bottom of the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder, and steering gears are rotatably connected between the fixed blocks. A steering motor is fixedly connected to the outer side of one fixed block, and the output shaft of the steering motor passes through the fixed block and is coaxially fixedly connected to the steering gear. A load-bearing gear is meshed below the steering gear, and the load-bearing gear is rotatably connected to the fixed blocks on both sides. A third hydraulic cylinder is vertically fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the load-bearing gear, and a pushing plate is vertically fixedly connected to the end of the third hydraulic cylinder. The rail car, the steering motor and the third hydraulic cylinder are all connected to the controller signal.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. The fixed connection between the hanging rail and the top wall of the box ensures the stability and accuracy of the push path. At the same time, the design at the corresponding position of the bifurcation of the bifurcated pipe enables the push assembly to move accurately along the predetermined path, thereby simulating the movement of soil during landslides. The sliding connection of the rail car on the hanging rail further enhances the flexibility and controllability of the push path, allowing researchers to adjust the push speed and direction according to experimental requirements.

[0027] 2. The design of the steering gear and steering motor enables the sliding assembly to adjust the angle on the horizontal plane. The steering motor drives the rotation of the steering gear, which drives the synchronous rotation of the load-bearing gear and the third hydraulic cylinder, thereby realizing the flexible steering of the sliding plate on the horizontal plane. This design helps to simulate the movement of soil under complex terrain conditions during landslides, and improves the simulation accuracy and authenticity of the experiment.

[0028] 3. The vertical fixed connection of the third hydraulic cylinder enables the push plate to move in the vertical direction, while simulating the vertical pressure of the soil on the soil below during the landslide. By adjusting the telescopic length of the third hydraulic cylinder, the vertical force of the push plate on the landslide model can be accurately controlled, thereby simulating landslide processes of different intensities.

[0029] 4. Each component of the push assembly is connected to the controller signal to achieve automatic control. This design not only improves the experimental efficiency, but also reduces the error caused by human operation, making the experimental data more accurate and reliable. At the same time, by accurately controlling the push path, angle and vertical force, the landslide process can be simulated more accurately, providing strong experimental support for the study of landslide mechanism and the design of landslide prevention and control projects.

[0030] 5. The design of the push component enables the landslide model experimental device to simulate more complex landslide conditions, such as soil movement, rotation and vertical pressure during the landslide process. This design enhances the functionality of the experimental device, allowing researchers to study landslide mechanisms and design landslide prevention and control projects under a wider range of experimental conditions.

[0031] Furthermore, a plurality of pressure sensors are provided on the bottom wall surface of the push plate for detecting the contact area between the push plate and the sliding body and the push load, and the pressure sensors are all connected to the controller signals.

[0032] The benefits of the basic solution are: 1. The pressure sensor can accurately detect the contact area between the push plate and the sliding body. This is crucial to understanding the stress and contact state of the soil during the landslide. By monitoring the changes in the contact area in real time, researchers can more accurately analyze the deformation and damage of the soil during the landslide.

[0033] 2. The pressure sensor can also measure the load applied by the push plate to the sliding body in real time. This data is of great significance for evaluating the bearing capacity and stability of the soil during the landslide. By monitoring the changes in the load, researchers can determine the stress state and possible failure mode of the soil during the landslide.

[0034] 3. The application of pressure sensors provides a powerful tool for the study of landslide mechanisms. By real-time monitoring and analysis of the contact area and load data between the sliding plate and the sliding body, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the stress state and deformation mechanism of the soil during the landslide process. This is of great significance for promoting the in-depth development of landslide mechanism research.

[0035] Furthermore, the surface detection component, namely the three-dimensional laser scanner, is used to detect the spatial changes of the surface point cloud of the landslide model on the surface of the sliding body, and the three-dimensional laser scanner is connected to the controller signal.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. The 3D laser scanner can obtain the point cloud spatial data of the landslide model surface with high precision, which can accurately reflect the slight changes of the landslide surface. This high-precision monitoring capability enables researchers to more accurately understand the deformation and displacement of the soil during the landslide process, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the experiment.

[0037] 2. Through the 3D laser scanner, various features of the landslide model surface can be fully captured, including topography, landforms, cracks, etc. These feature information is of great significance for analyzing the causes, mechanisms and stability of landslides. At the same time, fully capturing landslide features can also help researchers to have a deeper understanding of the landslide process and provide a scientific basis for the design of landslide prevention and control projects.

[0038] 3. The 3D laser scanner is connected to the controller signal to achieve real-time data collection and processing. This real-time monitoring capability enables researchers to promptly detect abnormal conditions during landslides and take corresponding countermeasures. At the same time, through data analysis, we can further understand the evolution and trend of landslides, providing strong support for landslide early warning and control.

[0039] Furthermore, the internal detection component includes a plurality of soil moisture sensors and soil porosity measuring instruments for detecting changes in soil moisture content and soil porosity. Both the soil moisture sensors and the soil porosity measuring instruments are connected to the controller signal.

[0040] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. The soil moisture sensor can monitor the moisture content of the soil inside the landslide model in real time, providing researchers with important data on soil moisture changes. This is crucial to understanding the mechanism of moisture in the landslide process. Soil porosity is an important indicator of soil structural stability. By measuring soil porosity, researchers can evaluate the structural stability of the soil inside the landslide model, thereby determining the possibility and scale of a landslide.

[0041] Furthermore, the sliding body is composed of a multi-layer structure of mixed different materials, and is at least divided into an upper sliding body and a lower sliding belt, and the upper sliding body is evenly laid above the lower sliding belt.

[0042] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. By mixing different materials to simulate the complex geological structure in the actual landslide, the physical and mechanical properties of the soil during the landslide can be more realistically reflected. This design helps to improve the simulation accuracy of the landslide model and make the experimental results closer to the actual situation. The multi-layered sliding body can more comprehensively simulate the interaction and deformation between different soil layers during the landslide. This helps to reveal the mechanism of the landslide, including the formation of the sliding belt, the movement mode of the sliding body and other key issues.

[0043] 2. The material and characteristics of the lower sliding belt, as the key interface in the landslide process, have an important impact on the occurrence and development of the landslide. By clearly distinguishing the lower sliding belt, the role of the sliding belt in the landslide process can be studied more accurately, including the friction characteristics and shear strength of the sliding belt. The upper sliding body is evenly laid on the lower sliding belt, which can simulate the movement characteristics of the sliding body during the landslide process, including the speed, acceleration, displacement, etc. of the sliding body. This design helps to study the dynamic changes of the sliding body during the landslide process and provide a scientific basis for landslide warning and prevention.

[0044] 3. The multi-layered sliding body design can flexibly adjust the material, thickness, water content and other parameters of each layer according to the experimental requirements to simulate different landslide scenarios and conditions. This flexibility helps to optimize the experimental design and improve the adaptability and repeatability of the experiment. By comparing the deformation and damage between different layers, the stress state and deformation mechanism of the soil during the landslide process can be analyzed more deeply. This analysis helps to reveal the evolution law and trend of the landslide and provide strong support for the design and implementation of landslide prevention and control projects.

[0045] Furthermore, the cohesion and internal friction angle of the lower sliding zone are smaller than those of the upper sliding body.

[0046] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. Landslides in nature often occur in areas with complex geological conditions, where the mechanical properties of the sliding zone soil are different from those of the upper sliding body. By designing the cohesion and internal friction angle of the lower sliding zone to be smaller than that of the upper sliding body, this geological condition can be simulated more realistically, reflecting the actual mechanical behavior during the landslide process. This design makes the performance of the landslide model in the experiment closer to the real situation, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the experiment. This is of great significance for studying the mechanism of landslides, evaluating the stability of landslides, and formulating landslide prevention and control measures.

[0047] 2. The lower sliding zone is the key interface in the landslide process, and the difference in its mechanical properties has an important impact on the occurrence and development of the landslide. By designing the cohesion and internal friction angle of the lower sliding zone to be smaller than that of the upper sliding body, the mechanism of the sliding zone in the landslide process can be more clearly revealed, including the shear failure of the sliding zone and the formation of the sliding surface. This design is helpful to study the dynamic behavior of the landslide process, including the movement speed, acceleration, displacement, etc. of the sliding body. By comparing the deformation and damage of the upper sliding body and the lower sliding zone, we can have a deeper understanding of the stress state and deformation mechanism of the soil during the landslide process.

[0048] 3. Through in-depth research on the impact of the difference in mechanical properties between the lower sliding zone and the upper sliding body on the landslide process, the in-depth development of landslide mechanism research can be promoted. This helps to reveal the complex behavior of the landslide process and provide a more scientific basis for landslide prevention and control. This design can inspire researchers to think innovatively about landslide prevention and control technology. By exploring new prevention methods and materials, the level and effect of landslide prevention and control technology can be continuously improved.

[0049] A sliding body secondary landslide model experimental method comprises the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: Setting simulation variables: Setting landslide simulation variables through the controller, including the angle between the slide and the base, the angle of the push plate, the push load, the push stroke, the total rainfall and the rainfall flow rate. The push plate angle is perpendicular to the slide surface. After setting, first adjust the angle between the slide and the base to the set angle.

[0051] Step 2: Lay the sliding body, mix the upper sliding body material and the lower sliding belt material evenly, the upper sliding body is made of river sand sieved through a 2mm aperture sieve and sliding body soil, the lower sliding belt is made of glass beads with a diameter of less than 4mm and sieved sliding body soil, first lay the lower sliding belt evenly on the top platform and the slide, and then lay the upper sliding body evenly on the lower sliding belt, and arrange at least one soil moisture sensor and a soil porosity measuring instrument in the upper sliding body and the lower sliding belt, and dig a number of small holes on the sliding body surface as marking points for detection by a three-dimensional laser scanner;

[0052] Step 3: Landslide model experiment: based on the set simulation variables, trigger the landslide model experiment, simulate the overload from the upper side by the push plate, simulate the rainfall by the spray assembly, and use the 3D laser scanner to detect the spatial changes of the surface point cloud of the landslide model on the sliding body, until the sliding body is deformed by the landslide and finally destroyed;

[0053] Step 4: Slope reinforcement: suspend the slope experiment and reset the sliding plate. Since the stroke of the third hydraulic cylinder is shorter than that of the slide, part of the sliding body remains on the slide. Remove the filling bolts in the fixed holes under the slide. Use different reinforcement methods and materials including slope reinforcement and pile foundation reinforcement to reinforce the sliding body after a landslide.

[0054] Step 5: Update the simulation variables, adjust the extension stroke of the second hydraulic cylinder and the angle of the push plate through the controller, and set several thrust load levels. The duration of each level of load is 1 hour, and the increment size of adjacent different levels of load is 300N.

[0055] Step 6: Secondary landslide model test: the load-bearing limit of the reinforced landslide model is tested by increasing the thrust load step by step. The pressure sensor on the surface of the push plate detects the change of thrust load and the uniformity of the sliding body's load-bearing, until the reinforced sliding body undergoes landslide deformation again and is finally destroyed.

[0056] Step seven: clean up the site, wait for the water in the sliding body to flow out from the water channel and the water collection trough, remove the side wall of the box, clean the sliding body and recover the soil moisture sensor and soil porosity meter, clean other devices in the box, and prepare for the next landslide model experiment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 It is an axonometric diagram of the experimental device of the sliding body secondary landslide model in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 2 It is a front cross-sectional view of the sliding body secondary landslide model experimental device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 3 It is a side cross-sectional view of the sliding body secondary landslide model experimental device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a sliding body secondary landslide model experimental device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: 1. controller; 2. box; 3. slide; 4. water guide groove; 5. water collecting groove; 6. fixing hole; 7. filling plug; 8. top platform; 9. push plate; 10. third hydraulic cylinder; 11. load-bearing gear; 12. steering gear; 13. fixing block; 14. three-dimensional laser scanner; 15. hanging rail; 16. liquid distribution pipe; 17. fork pipe; 18. water pump; 19. liquid inlet pipe; 20. rail car; 21. second hydraulic cylinder; 22. first hydraulic cylinder; 23. steering motor; 24. sprinkler head; 25. hook. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0063] Example 1

[0064] Basically as attached Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown: a sliding body secondary landslide model experimental device, including a box body 2, the side walls of the box body 2 are detachably connected to the top wall of the box body 2, the bottom of the box body 2 is fixedly connected to a base, a first hydraulic cylinder 22 arranged laterally is vertically hinged on the base, a top platform 8 is hinged on the top of the first hydraulic cylinder 22, a slide 3 is hinged on one side of the top platform 8, the bottom end of the slide 3 is hinged to the base, the side of the base close to the top platform 8 is higher than the other side, and a plurality of staggered water guide grooves 4 are opened on the surface of the base, a water collecting groove 5 is opened in parallel on the edge of one side of the base away from the top platform 8, both ends of the water collecting groove 5 pass through the box body 2 to communicate with the outside, a controller 1 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the box body 2, and a plurality of hooks 25 are fixedly connected to the two side walls of the box body 2 close to the two ends of the water collecting groove 5.

[0065] Slide bodies are laid on the slide 3 and the top platform 8. The slide bodies are composed of a multi-layer structure of mixed different materials and are divided into at least an upper slide body and a lower slide belt. The upper slide body is evenly laid on the lower slide belt. The cohesion and internal friction angle of the lower slide belt are smaller than those of the upper slide body.

[0066] A spray assembly is fixedly connected to the top wall of the box body 2 for simulating landslides caused by rainfall. The spray assembly includes a liquid inlet pipe 19. The side wall of the liquid inlet pipe 19 is fixedly connected to the outer top wall of the box body 2. One end of the liquid inlet pipe 19 is connected to a water pump 18. The other end of the liquid inlet pipe 19 is fixedly connected to a bifurcated pipe 17. The bifurcated pipes 17 all vertically pass through the outer top wall of the box body 2 and are connected to a plurality of liquid distribution pipes 16. The liquid distribution pipes 16 are provided with a plurality of liquid distribution ports at the end and the middle part. The liquid distribution ports are connected to a spray head 24. The first hydraulic cylinder 22 and the water pump 18 are both connected to the controller 1 signal.

[0067] The top wall of the box body 2 is fixedly connected with a push assembly, which is used to simulate a landslide caused by an overload at an oblique angle. The push assembly includes a hanging rail 15, which is fixedly connected to the top wall of the box body 2 and is located at a position corresponding to the bifurcation of the bifurcation pipe 17. A rail car 20 is slidably connected to the hanging rail 15, and the rail car 20 is vertically fixedly connected to the second hydraulic cylinder 21. Both sides of the bottom of the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder 21 are fixedly connected with fixed blocks 13, and the fixed blocks 13 are rotatably connected with the steering gear 12. A steering motor 23 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the fixed block 13 on one side, and the output shaft of the steering motor 23 passes through the fixed block 13 is coaxially fixedly connected with the steering gear 12, a load-bearing gear 11 is meshed below the steering gear 12, the load-bearing gear 11 is rotatably connected to the fixed blocks 13 on both sides, a third hydraulic cylinder 10 is vertically fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the load-bearing gear 11, a push plate 9 is vertically fixedly connected to the end of the output shaft of the third hydraulic cylinder 10, the rail car 20, the steering motor 22 and the third hydraulic cylinder 10 are all connected with the controller 1 signal, a plurality of pressure sensors are laid on the bottom wall surface of the push plate 9 for detecting the contact area and push load between the push plate 9 and the sliding body, and the pressure sensors are all connected with the controller 1 signal.

[0068] The slide 3 is provided with a plurality of fixing holes 6, each of which is bolted with a filling bolt 7;

[0069] A surface detection component is fixedly connected to the top wall of the box body 2 , and the surface detection component is a three-dimensional laser scanner 14 , which is used to detect the spatial changes of the surface point cloud of the landslide model on the sliding body surface. The three-dimensional laser scanner 14 is connected to the controller 1 by signal.

[0070] An internal detection component is placed in the sliding body, and the internal detection component includes a plurality of soil moisture sensors and a soil porosity measuring instrument, which are used to detect the change of soil moisture content and soil porosity. The soil moisture sensor and the soil porosity measuring instrument are both connected to the controller 1 by signal.

[0071] The specific implementation process is as follows: the landslide experiment is carried out according to the experimental method of the landslide model. After laying the sliding body and setting the landslide simulation variables, the landslide experiment is triggered. At this time, the water pump 18 continues to pump water and sprays simulated rainfall through the sprinkler head 24 until the soil moisture sensor built into the sliding body reaches the preset value, and then the rainfall stops. The third hydraulic cylinder 10 is triggered to squeeze the sliding body according to the preset push plate 9 angle. Under the gradually increasing load, the sliding body landslides. This process simulates the gravity load above the sliding body, such as the gravity of buildings and rocks. Compared with the simulation of simple rainfall or gravity load, this combination of landslide factors is closer to the actual situation of mudslides in storms. In this process, the three-dimensional laser scanner 14 continuously detects the spatial changes of the point cloud on the surface of the sliding body, and obtains the changes in the structure and appearance of the sliding body after the landslide occurs, such as the movement of the surface marking hole, the expansion of the surface, or the generation of cracks on the surface. The multifractal dimension of landslide model displacement adopts the generalized correlation dimension method to analyze N groups of displacement data in the physical model test, and define the local density function and generalized correlation integral by the following formula:

[0072]

[0073] Where: C i (ε) is the local density function; C q (ε) is the generalized correlation integral; x i With x j are the accumulated horizontal displacements of the landslide model at different monitoring times i and j. The value of ε is determined based on x i -x j The difference range is determined, that is, it satisfies,

[0074] |x i -x j | min ≤ε≤|x i -x j | max

[0075] And satisfied,

[0076]

[0077] Where: q is the moment, which is an integer. q is the multifractal dimension of the landslide model displacement, through C q (ε) is fitted with the power function of ε. In multifractal research, when q<0, D q Deviating from the linear relationship, D0 is often a singular point in the evolution of the fractal dimension. Therefore, only the fractal dimension values ​​q ≥ 1 are considered. When q = 1, D1 is determined by defining the information dimension.

[0078] After the landslide occurs, in order to achieve the performance simulation of the reinforcement method, the sliding body after the landslide is reinforced in different ways, such as surface reinforcement, using reinforcement cloth or reinforcement net to cover the sliding body surface and hang it on the hook 25, pile foundation reinforcement inserting pile foundations of different materials through the fixed holes 6 on the surface of the slide 3 to reinforce the sliding body, and interception reinforcement, inserting plates of different materials into the water channel 4 to simulate the construction of a wall to intercept the landslide. In addition, the second hydraulic cylinder 21 and the third hydraulic cylinder 10 can be used to control the push plate 9 to shovel part of the sliding body that has slid onto the base to the surface and above of the remaining sliding body on the slide 3, and perform sliding body compaction treatment to simulate the situation of using local materials to reinforce the landslide in extreme environments, thereby broadening the method of the experimental device for secondary reinforcement of landslides, thereby adding more options for the method of secondary reinforcement of landslides, and using the method of automatic control of reinforcement operations to improve the efficiency of the landslide secondary reinforcement experiment.

[0079] After reinforcement, the distance between the third hydraulic cylinder 10 and the sliding body is adjusted again by the second hydraulic cylinder 21, and the angle of the push plate 9 is adjusted to simulate the real inclined upward load. The third hydraulic cylinder 10 is triggered again to carry out the second landslide experiment, and the data of the pressure sensor on the push plate 9 is recorded to reflect the load changes and the changes in the stress state of the sliding body. The tolerance of different reinforcement methods and reinforcement materials is tested to provide experience summary for landslide repair projects.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] The difference from the above embodiment is that, as shown in the attached Figure 4 As shown: A sliding body secondary landslide model experimental method, comprising the following steps:

[0082] Step 1, setting simulation variables, setting landslide simulation variables through controller 1, including the angle between the slide 3 and the base, the angle of the push plate 9, the push load, the push stroke, the total rainfall and the rainfall flow rate. The angle of the push plate 9 is perpendicular to the surface of the slide 3. After setting, first adjust the angle between the slide 3 and the base to the set angle;

[0083] Step 2: Lay the sliding body, mix the upper sliding body material and the lower sliding belt material evenly, the upper sliding body is made of river sand sieved through a 2mm aperture sieve and sliding body soil, the lower sliding belt is made of glass beads with a diameter of less than 4mm and sieved sliding body soil, first evenly lay the lower sliding belt on the top platform 8 and the slide 3, and then evenly lay the upper sliding body on the lower sliding belt, and arrange at least one soil moisture sensor and a soil porosity measuring instrument in the upper sliding body and the lower sliding belt, and dig a number of small holes on the sliding body surface as marking points detected by the three-dimensional laser scanner 14;

[0084] Step 3, a landslide model experiment is triggered based on the set simulation variables, the overload on the upper side is simulated by the push plate 9, the rainfall is simulated by the spray assembly, and the spatial change of the point cloud on the surface of the landslide model of the sliding body is detected by the three-dimensional laser scanner 14, until the sliding body is deformed by landslide and finally destroyed;

[0085] Step 4: Landslide reinforcement: suspend the landslide experiment and reset the push plate 9. Since the stroke of the third hydraulic cylinder 10 is shorter than the slide 3, part of the sliding body is still retained on the slide 3. Remove the filling bolt 7 in the fixing hole 6 under the slide 3. Use different reinforcement methods and reinforcement materials including slope reinforcement and pile foundation reinforcement to reinforce the sliding body after a landslide.

[0086] Step 5, update the simulation variables, adjust the extension stroke of the second hydraulic cylinder 21 and the angle of the push plate 9 through the controller 1, and set several thrust load levels, the duration of each level of load is 1 hour, and the increment size of adjacent different levels of load is 300N;

[0087] Step 6: Secondary landslide model test, the load-bearing limit of the reinforced landslide model is tested by gradually increasing thrust loads, and the pressure sensor on the surface of the push plate 9 detects the change of thrust loads and the uniformity of the sliding body's load-bearing, until the reinforced sliding body undergoes landslide deformation again and is eventually destroyed;

[0088] Step seven, clean up the site, wait for the water in the sliding body to flow out from the water channel 4 and the water collection tank 5, remove the side wall of the box 2, clean up the sliding body and recover the soil moisture sensor and soil porosity meter, clean up other devices in the box 2, and prepare for the next landslide model experiment.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] The difference from the above embodiment is that the comparison of the physical and mechanical parameters between the upper sliding body and the lower sliding belt in step 2 is shown in Table 1 below:

[0091] Table 1. Table of physical and mechanical parameters of upper sliding body and lower sliding belt

[0092]

[0093] Among the materials that make up the sliding body, river sand is mainly used to increase the internal friction angle and permeability coefficient, which has a good adsorption effect on water and is easy for the sliding body to form; the sliding body soil is used to increase cohesion and reduce the permeability coefficient. The mixed material of glass beads and sliding body soil in the sliding belt composition material can simulate the water permeability of the sliding belt and the weak shear strength of the sliding belt, which is in line with the basic physical and mechanical properties of the sliding belt.

[0094] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and third are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0095] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention. The common sense such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field know all the common technical knowledge in the technical field of the invention before the application date or priority date, can obtain all the existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply the conventional experimental means before that date. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field can improve and implement this scheme in combination with their own abilities under the enlightenment given by this application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for ordinary technicians in the relevant field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A sliding body secondary landslide model experimental device, characterized by: The invention comprises a box body (2), the side walls of the box body (2) are detachably connected to the top wall of the box body (2), the bottom of the box body (2) is fixedly connected to a base, a first hydraulic cylinder (22) arranged transversely is vertically hinged on the base, a top platform (8) is hinged on the top of the first hydraulic cylinder (22), a slide (3) is hinged on one side of the top platform (8), the bottom of the slide (3) is hinged to the base, a slide body is laid on the slide (3) and the top platform (8), a spray assembly is fixedly connected to the top wall of the box body (2) for simulating a landslide caused by rainfall, a push assembly is fixedly connected to the top wall of the box body (2) for simulating a landslide caused by an overload at an oblique angle, a controller (1) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the box body (2), a plurality of fixing holes (6) are opened on the slide (3), and the fixing holes (6) are all bolted with filler bolts (7); A surface detection component is fixedly connected to the top wall of the box body (2), an internal detection component is placed in the sliding body, and the first hydraulic cylinder (22), the spray component, the push component, the surface detection component and the internal detection component are all connected to the controller (1) by signal.

2. The sliding body secondary landslide model experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spray assembly comprises a liquid inlet pipe (19), the side wall of which is fixedly connected to the outer top wall of the box body (2), one end of which is connected to a water pump (18), and the other end of which is fixedly connected to a bifurcated pipe (17), the bifurcated pipes (17) vertically pass through the outer top wall of the box body (2) and are connected to a plurality of liquid distributing pipes (16), the liquid distributing pipes (16) are provided with a plurality of liquid distributing ports at the end and the middle, the liquid distributing ports are connected to a spray head (24), and the water pump (18) is connected to a controller (1) for signal.

3. The sliding body secondary landslide model experimental device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The side of the base close to the top platform (8) is higher than the other side, and a plurality of staggered water guide grooves (4) are provided on the surface of the base. A water collecting groove (5) is provided in parallel on the edge of the side of the base away from the top platform (8), and both ends of the water collecting groove (5) pass through the box body (2) to communicate with the outside.

4. The sliding body secondary landslide model experimental device according to claim 3 is characterized by: The push assembly comprises a hanging rail (15), the hanging rail (15) is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the box body (2) and is located at a position corresponding to the bifurcation of the bifurcated pipe (17), a rail car (20) is slidably connected to the hanging rail (15), the rail car (20) is vertically fixedly connected to a second hydraulic cylinder (21), both sides of the bottom of the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder (21) are fixedly connected to fixed blocks (13), a steering gear (12) is rotatably connected between the fixed blocks (13), a steering motor (23) is fixedly connected to the outer side of one side of the fixed block (13), and the steering gear (12) is rotatably connected to the outer side of the fixed block (13). The output shaft of the motor (23) passes through the fixed block (13) and is coaxially fixedly connected to the steering gear (12); a load-bearing gear (11) is meshed below the steering gear (12); the load-bearing gear (11) is rotationally connected to the fixed blocks (13) on both sides; a third hydraulic cylinder (10) is vertically fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the load-bearing gear (11); a push plate (9) is vertically fixedly connected to the end of the third hydraulic cylinder (10); and the rail car (20), the steering motor (23) and the third hydraulic cylinder (10) are all connected to the controller (1) by signal.

5. The sliding body secondary landslide model experimental device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A plurality of pressure sensors are provided on the bottom wall surface of the push plate (9) for detecting the contact area between the push plate (9) and the sliding body and the push load. The pressure sensors are all connected to the controller (1) by signal.

6. The sliding body secondary landslide model experimental device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The surface detection component is a three-dimensional laser scanner (14), which is used to detect the spatial changes of the surface point cloud of the landslide model on the surface of the sliding body. The three-dimensional laser scanner (14) is connected to the controller (1) by signal.

7. The sliding body secondary landslide model experimental device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The internal detection components include a plurality of soil moisture sensors and soil porosity measuring instruments, which are used to detect the changes in soil moisture content and soil porosity. The soil moisture sensors and soil porosity measuring instruments are both connected to the controller (1) for signal connection.

8. The sliding body secondary landslide model experimental device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The sliding body is composed of a multi-layer structure of mixed different materials, and is divided into at least an upper sliding body and a lower sliding belt, and the upper sliding body is evenly laid on the lower sliding belt.

9. The sliding body secondary landslide model experimental device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cohesion and internal friction angle of the lower sliding zone are smaller than those of the upper sliding body.

10. A sliding body secondary landslide model experimental method, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step 1, setting simulation variables, setting landslide simulation variables through a controller (1), including the angle between the slide (3) and the base, the angle of the push plate (9), the push load, the push stroke, the total rainfall amount and the rainfall flow rate, the angle of the push plate (9) is perpendicular to the surface of the slide (3), and after setting, first adjust the angle between the slide (3) and the base to the set angle; Step 2: laying the sliding body, mixing the upper sliding body material and the lower sliding belt material evenly, the upper sliding body is made of river sand sieved through a 2 mm aperture sieve and sliding body soil, and the lower sliding belt is made of glass beads with a diameter of less than 4 mm and sieved sliding body soil. The lower sliding belt is evenly laid on the top platform (8) and the slide table (3), and then the upper sliding body is evenly laid on the lower sliding belt. At least one soil moisture sensor and a soil porosity measuring instrument are arranged in the upper sliding body and the lower sliding belt, and a number of small holes are dug on the sliding body surface as marking points for detection by a three-dimensional laser scanner (14); Step 3, a landslide model experiment is triggered based on the set simulation variables, the overload on the upper side is simulated by the push plate (9), the rainfall is simulated by the spray assembly, and the spatial change of the point cloud on the surface of the landslide model of the sliding body is detected by the three-dimensional laser scanner (14), until the sliding body is deformed by landslide and finally destroyed; Step 4: Slope reinforcement. The slope experiment is suspended and the push plate (9) is reset. Since the stroke of the third hydraulic cylinder (10) is shorter than that of the slide (3), part of the sliding body is still retained on the slide (3). The filling bolt (7) in the fixing hole (6) below the slide (3) is removed. Different reinforcement methods and reinforcement materials including slope reinforcement and pile foundation reinforcement are used to reinforce the sliding body after a landslide. Step 5, updating the simulation variables, adjusting the extension stroke of the second hydraulic cylinder (21) and the angle of the push plate (9) through the controller (1), and setting a number of thrust load levels, the duration of each load level is 1 hour, and the increment size of adjacent different load levels is 300N; Step 6, a secondary landslide model test, in which the load-bearing limit of the reinforced landslide model is tested by gradually increasing thrust loads, and the pressure sensor on the surface of the push plate (9) detects the thrust load change and the uniformity of the sliding body's load-bearing, until the reinforced sliding body undergoes landslide deformation again and is eventually destroyed; Step 7: clean the site, wait for the water in the sliding body to flow out from the water channel (4) and the water collection channel (5), remove the side wall of the box (2), clean the sliding body and recover the soil moisture sensor and soil porosity measuring instrument, clean other devices in the box (2), and prepare for the next landslide model experiment.

Images