High-voltage experiment system and method for testing breakdown voltage of air gap suspended conductor

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-voltage experiment system and method for testing the breakdown voltage of an air gap suspended conductor, and the system comprises a pulse voltage generation device which is used for generating a high voltage required by a test; the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged in a spaced mode, and the suspension conductor is located between the first electrode and the second electrode. A measurement observation device; the system further comprises an insulation discharge cavity, a gas exchange device connected with the insulation discharge cavity and an electrode fixing device arranged in the insulation discharge cavity, and the electrode fixing device comprises a device base, a fixed supporting column, a first sliding rod and a second sliding rod, the first sliding rod and the second sliding rod are slidably connected along the fixed supporting column so as to adjust the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode and the distance between the suspension conductor and the first electrode and the distance between the suspension conductor and the second electrode, and the first electrode and the second electrode are connected to a pulse voltage generating device. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of improving accuracy and safety and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of high voltage, and in particular to a high voltage experimental system and method for testing the breakdown voltage of an air gap suspended conductor. Background Art

[0002] In the power system, suspended conductors refer to those conductors that are not directly grounded or isolated from the earth potential. These conductors may be suspended for various reasons, resulting in charge accumulation, thus forming gap breakdown and arc discharge hazards. Common examples of suspended conductors include wires on transmission lines that are broken due to external forces, equipment components such as circuit breakers and disconnectors with damaged insulation or poor contact, and overhead ground wires that are disconnected from the ground. However, at this stage, the breakdown characteristics and discharge mechanism of air gaps containing suspended conductors are still not clear enough.

[0003] At present, the devices for fixing the suspended conductors on the experimental platforms for gap breakdown of suspended conductors are mostly fixed with insulating ropes. For example, Chinese patent CN114167230A discloses a long air gap discharge test platform and method containing suspended conductors, which involves the field of high voltage technology. The platform includes a suspended conductor with adjustable position and a first electrode and a second electrode of a long air gap formed by being arranged opposite to each other in the air. The suspended conductor is suspended in the long air gap, and the height of the first electrode is adjustable; it also includes: an impulse voltage generator, which is used to generate different impulse voltages; a voltage divider, which is connected to the impulse voltage generator; a sampling component, which includes a sampling resistor connected in series between the voltage divider and the first electrode; a measurement and processing device, which is connected to the voltage divider through an oscilloscope that outputs a trigger electrical signal when the impulse voltage generator generates an impulse voltage, and is used to collect the current voltage signal of the sampling resistor after receiving the trigger electrical signal, and calculate the corresponding discharge current.

[0004] But it has the following problems:

[0005] 1. Insufficient stability makes it impossible to accurately control the discharge path, which often causes the actual discharge path distance to be greater than the expected distance, ultimately leading to inaccurate testing of the breakdown time, breakdown voltage, and breakdown current.

[0006] 2. It is impossible to accurately adjust the distance between the electrode and the suspended conductor, which greatly restricts the experiment.

[0007] 3. The discharge part of the device is exposed and unprotected, which is easily affected by external factors and poses a major safety hazard.

[0008] 4. The suspension electrode setting can only be set to a cylindrical shape and cannot simulate a real object. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high voltage experimental system and method for testing the breakdown voltage of an air gap suspended conductor.

[0010] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0011] A high voltage experimental system for testing the breakdown voltage of an air gap suspended conductor, comprising:

[0012] A pulse voltage generating device, used to generate the high voltage required for testing;

[0013] A first electrode and a second electrode are arranged in the air, and a suspended conductor is located between the first electrode and the second electrode;

[0014] Measuring and observing devices;

[0015] The system also includes an insulating discharge chamber, a gas exchange device connected to the insulating discharge chamber, and an electrode fixing device placed in the insulating discharge chamber, the electrode fixing device includes a device base, a fixed support, and a first slide bar and a second slide bar arranged from top to bottom along the fixed support, the first slide bar is provided with a first electrode fixing end for mounting a first electrode, the second slide bar is provided with a suspended conductor fixing device for mounting a suspended conductor, the device base is provided with a second electrode fixing end for mounting a second electrode, the first slide bar and the second slide bar are both slidably connected along the fixed support to adjust the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the distance from the suspended conductor to the first electrode and the second electrode respectively, and the first electrode and the second electrode are both connected to a pulse voltage generating device.

[0016] The device base is arranged horizontally, the fixed support is arranged vertically, and the projections of the first electrode and the second electrode on the horizontal plane overlap.

[0017] The suspension conductor fixing device is detachably connected to the second sliding rod.

[0018] The suspension conductor fixing device comprises a suspension conductor slot and a fixing slot arranged at one end of the suspension conductor slot, the fixing slot is detachably connected to the second slide bar, and the suspension conductor slot matches the shape of the suspension conductor.

[0019] The insulating discharge cavity comprises a cavity base, a base support, an insulating cavity, a cavity top cover, a top outlet terminal and a bottom outlet terminal. The insulating cavity is arranged on the cavity base through the base support, the cavity top cover is placed on the top of the insulating cavity, the top outlet terminal passes through the top of the insulating cavity and the cavity top cover, the cable connected to the first electrode passes through the top outlet terminal, the bottom outlet terminal passes through the bottom of the insulating cavity, the cable connected to the second electrode passes through the bottom outlet terminal, the bottom of the insulating cavity is also provided with a grounding screw that passes through the insulating cavity, and the fixed end of the second electrode is fixedly connected to the insulating cavity through the grounding screw and is connected to the grounding terminal.

[0020] The insulating cavity is also provided with an air flow hole, and the gas exchange device includes a hose and a gas exchanger, and the gas exchanger is connected to the air flow hole through the hose.

[0021] The insulating cavity is also provided with an observation frame, and the observation frame is provided with an observation lens. The measuring and observing device comprises a high-speed camera, and the high-speed camera is arranged to be aligned with the suspended conductor fixing device through the observation lens.

[0022] The measuring and observing device also includes:

[0023] A current coil is used to measure the current of the gap during the breakdown process;

[0024] a high voltage probe connected to the first electrode and used to measure a changing voltage applied to the gap during the breakdown process;

[0025] an oscilloscope, connected to the current coil and the high-voltage probe respectively, for displaying and recording data measured by the current coil and the high-voltage probe;

[0026] The current coil is located in the insulating discharge cavity, and the high-voltage probe is located outside the insulating discharge cavity and is connected to the first electrode by being connected to a cable connected to the first electrode.

[0027] The pulse voltage generating device includes a high-voltage direct current source, a trigger ball gap switch, a trigger power supply, a first protective resistor, a second protective resistor and a capacitor, one end of the high-voltage direct current source is connected to one end of the second protective resistor, the other end of the second protective resistor is connected to one end of the trigger ball gap switch and one end of the capacitor, the other end of the capacitor is respectively connected to one end of the first protective resistor, a first electrode and a high-voltage probe, the other end of the high-voltage direct current source is respectively connected to the other end of the trigger ball gap switch, the other end of the first protective resistor, the second electrode and the current coil, and the trigger power supply is connected to the trigger signal input end of the trigger ball gap switch.

[0028] A method based on the system as described above comprises:

[0029] Adjusting the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode to a target distance, and adjusting the height of the suspended conductor to a target position;

[0030] Turn on the gas exchange device to renew the air inside the insulation cavity;

[0031] A high-voltage DC source is used to charge the capacitor. After charging is completed, a trigger power supply is used to apply a trigger signal to the trigger ball gap switch, which can controllably cause the ball gap to break down, thereby short-circuiting the high-voltage DC source and the second protection resistor. Based on the data transmitted to the oscilloscope by the current coil and the high-voltage probe, the capacitor starts to discharge, and the current and voltage change characteristics during the gap breakdown process are obtained.

[0032] Controlling a high-speed camera to shoot the breakdown discharge process of the discharge gap containing the suspended conductor after the spherical gap switch breaks down;

[0033] Determine the discharge shape and discharge path according to the discharge process obtained by shooting;

[0034] Based on the discharge process captured by video and the voltage and current variation patterns observed by the oscilloscope, the phenomena at each stage of the breakdown process are explained.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. By designing an insulating discharge cavity, a gas exchange device, and an electrode fixing device, the discharge part of the device has no bare leakage, is not easily affected by external factors, and is safer. The design based on the fixed support, the first slide bar, and the second slide bar is conducive to reducing the impact of the swing on the test, and the position of the first electrode and the second electrode can be stabilized. Therefore, during the test, the discharge path is stable and does not change, so that the actual discharge path distance is consistent with the expected distance, and a better and more accurate breakdown time, breakdown voltage, and breakdown current can be obtained.

[0037] 2. The projections of the first electrode and the second electrode on the horizontal plane overlap, and combined with the horizontal setting of the vertically set device base and the fixed support, the gap distance can be adjusted more intuitively, thereby reducing the learning cost of the experiment.

[0038] 3. The second electrode fixed end is fixedly connected to the insulating cavity through a grounding screw and connected to the grounding end, so that the position of the second electrode fixed end is fixed by the position of the grounding screw to ensure that the position is in the center.

[0039] 4. The insulating cavity is arranged on the cavity base through the base support, so that the circuit on the grounding side can be changed more conveniently, and the insulating cavity can be suspended to eliminate the external interference introduced by direct contact with the ground.

[0040] 5. The current coil is located in the insulating discharge cavity, and the high-voltage probe is located outside the insulating discharge cavity and is connected to the first electrode by connecting to the cable connected to the first electrode, thereby optimizing the space utilization inside the insulating discharge cavity, and shielding the high-voltage probe from the high-voltage direct discharge side to protect the high-voltage probe. Relatively speaking, the current coil is small in size and is located on the low-voltage side. Connecting to the cavity can reduce interference from the external environment.

[0041] 6. The combination of the suspended conductor slot and the shape of the suspended conductor can effectively simulate the air gap containing various types of suspended conductors, and obtain the discharge characteristics of the gap breakdown containing the suspended conductor through experiments, which is conducive to studying the gap breakdown mechanism containing the suspended conductor.

[0042] 7. Use a closed cavity made of insulating material, place the test discharge part in the cavity, and update the air in the cavity through an air exchanger. This is conducive to isolating the influence of external factors on the experiment and eliminating the safety hazards caused by the discharge test operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a gap breakdown high voltage test system containing a suspended conductor provided in the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 A topological structure diagram of the pulse voltage generating device provided in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 A side view of the detachable electrode fixing device structure provided in the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 A top view of the structure of the suspension conductor fixing device provided in the present invention;

[0047] Wherein: 1. Insulated discharge cavity, 2. Cavity base, 3. Base support, 4. Insulated cavity, 5. Observation frame, 6. Observation lens, 7. Air flow hole, 8. Cavity top cover, 9. Hose, 10. Air exchanger, 11. Pulse voltage generating device, 12. High voltage DC source, 13. Trigger ball gap switch, 14. Trigger power supply, 15. First protection resistor, 16. Second protection resistor, 17. Capacitor, 18. High-speed camera, 19. Current coil, 20. High voltage probe, 21. First electrode, 22. Second electrode, 23. Suspended conductor, 24. Electrode fixing device, 25. First electrode fixing end, 26. Second electrode fixing end, 27. Fixed support, 28. Second slide bar, 29. Grounding screw, 30. Suspended conductor fixing device, 31. Fixed card slot, 32. Suspended conductor card slot, 33. Oscilloscope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation method and specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0049] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0050] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "proximal", "distal", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. Physical quantities in formulas, if not separately marked, should be understood as basic quantities of the base units of the International System of Units, or derived quantities derived from the basic quantities through mathematical operations such as multiplication, division, differentiation or integration.

[0051] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging" and the like do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0052] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0053] In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, some embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0054] A high voltage experimental system for testing the breakdown voltage of air gap suspended conductors, such as Figure 1 As shown, including:

[0055] A pulse voltage generating device 11, used to generate the high voltage required for the test;

[0056] A first electrode 21 and a second electrode 22 are spaced apart from each other, and a suspended conductor 23 is located between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22;

[0057] Measuring and observing devices;

[0058] The system also includes an insulating discharge chamber, a gas exchange device connected to the insulating discharge chamber, and an electrode fixing device 24 placed in the insulating discharge chamber, such as Figure 3As shown, the electrode fixing device 24 includes a device base, a fixed support 27, and a first slide bar and a second slide bar 28 arranged from top to bottom along the fixed support 27. The first slide bar is provided with a first electrode fixing end 25 for installing the first electrode 21, the second slide bar 28 is provided with a suspension conductor fixing device 30 for installing the suspension conductor 23, and the device base is provided with a second electrode fixing end 26 for installing the second electrode 22. The first slide bar and the second slide bar 28 are both slidably connected along the fixed support 27 to adjust the distance between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22, and the distance from the suspension conductor 23 to the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 respectively. The first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are both connected to the pulse voltage generating device 11, and the first slide bar and the second slide bar 28 can be locked after being adjusted to the target position.

[0059] By designing an insulating discharge cavity, a gas exchange device, and an electrode fixing device 24, the discharge part of the device has no naked leakage, is not easily affected by external factors, and is safer. The design based on the fixed support 27, the first slide bar and the second slide bar 28 is conducive to reducing the impact of swing on the test, and can achieve the position stability of the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22. Therefore, during the test, the discharge path is stable and does not change, so that the actual discharge path distance is consistent with the expected distance, and a better and more accurate breakdown time, breakdown voltage and breakdown current can be obtained.

[0060] A closed cavity made of insulating material is used, the test discharge part is placed in the cavity, and the air in the cavity is renewed through an air exchanger. This is conducive to isolating the influence of external factors on the experiment and eliminating the safety hazards caused by the discharge test operation.

[0061] In some embodiments, the device base is horizontally arranged, the fixed support 27 is vertically arranged, and the projections of the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 on the horizontal plane overlap. The projections of the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 on the horizontal plane overlap, and the gap distance can be adjusted more intuitively in combination with the horizontal arrangement of the device base and the fixed support 27 which are vertically arranged, thereby reducing the learning cost of the experiment. In addition, the fixed support 27 can also slide along the device base to adjust the position.

[0062] In addition, in some other embodiments, the suspension conductor fixing device 30 is detachably connected to the second slide bar 28, and, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, the suspended conductor fixing device 30 includes a suspended conductor slot 32 and a fixed slot 31 provided at one end of the suspended conductor slot 32. The fixed slot is detachably connected to the second slide bar 28. The suspended conductor slot 32 matches the shape of the suspended conductor 23, and can effectively simulate air gaps containing various types of suspended conductors. The discharge characteristics of the gap breakdown containing the suspended conductor are obtained through experiments, which is beneficial to studying the gap breakdown mechanism containing the suspended conductor.

[0063] In this embodiment, the insulating discharge cavity includes a cavity base 2, a base support 3, an insulating cavity 4, a cavity top cover 8, a top outlet terminal and a bottom outlet terminal. The insulating cavity 4 is arranged on the cavity base 2 through the base support 3, the cavity top cover 8 is placed on the top of the insulating cavity 4, the top outlet terminal passes through the top of the insulating cavity 4 and the cavity top cover 8, the cable connected to the first electrode 21 passes through the top outlet terminal, the bottom outlet terminal passes through the bottom of the insulating cavity 4, the cable connected to the second electrode 22 passes through the bottom outlet terminal, and the bottom of the insulating cavity 4 is also provided with a grounding screw 29 that passes through the insulating cavity 4. The second electrode fixed end 26 is fixedly connected to the insulating cavity 4 through the grounding screw 29 and is connected to the grounding terminal.

[0064] In the present application, an air flow hole 7 is also provided on the insulating cavity 4, and the gas exchange device includes a hose 9 and a gas exchanger 10. The gas exchanger 10 is connected to the air flow hole 7 through the hose 9. In particular, in some embodiments, there are two air flow holes 7, one for air intake and one for air outlet. The two air flow holes 7 can be set at a farther position. Of course, in other embodiments, one air flow hole 7 can also be used. At this time, the hose 9 has two layers, including a first pipeline and a second pipeline arranged on the inner side of the first pipeline, wherein the second pipeline serves as an air inlet pipe relative to the insulating cavity 4, and an air outlet pipe relative to the insulating cavity 4 is formed between the second pipeline and the first pipeline, so that air exchange can be achieved by opening only one air flow hole 7.

[0065] Furthermore, in some embodiments, an observation frame 5 is provided on the insulating cavity 4 , an observation lens 6 is provided in the observation frame 5 , and the measurement and observation device includes a high-speed camera 18 , which is set to align with the suspended conductor fixing device 30 through the observation lens 6 .

[0066] In addition, in some embodiments, the measurement and observation device further includes:

[0067] A current coil 19, used to measure the current of the gap during the breakdown process;

[0068] A high voltage probe 20 connected to the first electrode 21 and used to measure the changing voltage applied to the gap during the breakdown process;

[0069] an oscilloscope 33, connected to the current coil 19 and the high-voltage probe 20, respectively, for displaying and recording data measured by the current coil 19 and the high-voltage probe 20;

[0070] The current coil 19 is located in the insulating discharge cavity, and the high-voltage probe 20 is located outside the insulating discharge cavity and is connected to the first electrode 21 by being connected to a cable connected to the first electrode 21 .

[0071] like Figure 2As shown, the pulse voltage generating device 11 includes a high-voltage DC source 12, a trigger ball gap switch 13, a trigger power supply 14, a first protective resistor 15, a second protective resistor 16 and a capacitor 17. One end of the high-voltage DC source 12 is connected to one end of the second protective resistor 16, and the other end of the second protective resistor 16 is connected to one end of the trigger ball gap switch 13 and one end of the capacitor 17. The other end of the capacitor 17 is respectively connected to one end of the first protective resistor 15, a first electrode 21 and a high-voltage probe 20. The other end of the high-voltage DC source 12 is respectively connected to the other end of the trigger ball gap switch 13, the other end of the first protective resistor 15, the second electrode 22 and the current coil 19. The trigger power supply 14 is connected to the trigger signal input end of the trigger ball gap switch 13. Based on this, the voltage waveform parameters applied to the two ends of the gap can be adjusted by adjusting the capacitance and resistance parameters in the circuit. The method is simple and easy to implement. The circuit components used are small in size, which is convenient for circuit integration and miniaturization of the pulse source.

[0072] The test method based on the above system includes:

[0073] The distance between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 is adjusted to a target distance, and the height of the suspended conductor 23 is adjusted to a target position;

[0074] Turn on the gas exchange device to renew the air inside the insulating cavity 4;

[0075] The capacitor 17 is charged by the high-voltage DC source 12. After charging is completed, the trigger power supply 14 is used to apply a trigger signal to the trigger ball gap switch 13, which can controllably cause the ball gap to break down, thereby realizing the short circuit between the high-voltage DC source 12 and the second protection resistor 16. The capacitor 17 starts to discharge according to the data transmitted to the oscilloscope 33 by the current coil 19 and the high-voltage probe 20, and the current and voltage change characteristics during the gap breakdown process are obtained.

[0076] Controlling the high-speed camera 18 to shoot the breakdown discharge process of the discharge gap containing the suspended conductor 23 after the spherical gap switch 13 breaks down;

[0077] Determine the discharge shape and discharge path according to the discharge process obtained by shooting;

[0078] Based on the discharge process obtained by filming and the voltage and current variation law observed by the oscilloscope 33, the phenomenon of each stage of the breakdown process is explained.

[0079] Specifically, according to the test requirements, the height of the first electrode 21 is adjusted to form a target distance with the second electrode 22, and the height of the suspended conductor 23 is adjusted to reach a target position between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22; the insulating cavity 4 is sealed, and the air exchanger 10 is turned on to update the air inside the insulating cavity; thus, a safe and stable environment containing a suspended conductor gap that is not disturbed by external factors and can be used for testing is obtained;

[0080] The output value of the high-voltage DC source 12 is adjusted to a higher voltage value so that it charges the capacitor 17. After the charging is completed, a trigger signal is applied to the trigger ball gap switch 13 through the trigger power supply 14, thereby causing the ball gap switch 13 to break through and conduct, and the circuits at both ends are separated. The capacitor 17 is discharged, and a high voltage is applied to the gap and the resistor 15, so that the required impulse voltage is generated between the potentials of the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22, and the gap undergoes a power generation breakdown phenomenon. During the breakdown process, the high-voltage probe 20 monitors and records the gap voltage at all times, and the current coil 19 monitors and records the gap current changes at all times. The high-voltage probe 20 and the current coil 19 transmit the recorded data to the oscilloscope 33 through the transmission line and record it, and at the same time, the high-speed camera 18 records the development process of the gap from the beginning to the complete breakdown.

[0081] In the embodiment of the present application, the air inside the insulated closed cavity is renewed by the air exchanger 10 to obtain a closed environment that excludes interference from external factors. The first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are fixed at both ends of the detachable electrode fixing device 24 to simulate the formation of an air gap, and the position of the first electrode 21 is adjusted to obtain air gaps of different lengths. The suspended conductor 23 is fixed in the suspended conductor fixing device 30, and the position connected to the middle electrode end 28 is adjustable, and the suspended conductor slot 32 is interchangeable, so that an air gap containing various suspended conductors can be obtained. This provides a safe, stable and diversified simulation environment for the discharge mechanism of the spatial gap breakdown containing the suspended conductor.

[0082] If the above functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions to enable a computer device, such as a personal computer, a server, or a network device, to perform all or part of the steps of the methods of various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk, and other media that can store program codes.

Claims

1. A high voltage experimental system for testing the breakdown voltage of an air gap suspended conductor, comprising: A pulse voltage generating device (11) for generating high voltage required for testing; A first electrode (21) and a second electrode (22) arranged in space, and a suspended conductor (23) located between the first electrode (21) and the second electrode (22); Measuring and observing devices; The system is characterized in that the system further comprises an insulating discharge chamber, a gas exchange device connected to the insulating discharge chamber, and an electrode fixing device (24) placed in the insulating discharge chamber, the electrode fixing device (24) comprising a device base, a fixed support (27), and a first slide bar and a second slide bar (28) arranged from top to bottom along the fixed support (27), the first slide bar is provided with a first electrode fixing end (25) for installing the first electrode (21), the second slide bar (28) is provided with a suspended conductor fixing device (30) for installing the suspended conductor (23), the device base is provided with a second electrode fixing end (26) for installing the second electrode (22), the first slide bar and the second slide bar (28) are both slidably connected along the fixed support (27) to adjust the distance between the first electrode (21) and the second electrode (22), and the distance between the suspended conductor (23) and the first electrode (21) and the second electrode (22), respectively, and the first electrode (21) and the second electrode (22) are both connected to a pulse voltage generating device (11).

2. A high voltage experimental system for testing the breakdown voltage of an air gap suspended conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device base is arranged horizontally, the fixed support (27) is arranged vertically, and the projections of the first electrode (21) and the second electrode (22) on the horizontal plane overlap.

3. A high voltage experimental system for testing the breakdown voltage of an air gap suspended conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suspended conductor fixing device (30) is detachably connected to the second sliding rod (28).

4. A high voltage experimental system for testing the breakdown voltage of an air gap suspended conductor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The suspension conductor fixing device (30) comprises a suspension conductor slot (32) and a fixing slot (31) arranged at one end of the suspension conductor slot (32); the fixing slot is detachably connected to the second slide bar (28); and the suspension conductor slot (32) matches the outer shape of the suspension conductor (23).

5. A high voltage experimental system for testing the breakdown voltage of an air gap suspended conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulating discharge cavity comprises a cavity base (2), a base support (3), an insulating cavity (4), a cavity top cover (8), a top outlet terminal and a bottom outlet terminal. The insulating cavity (4) is arranged on the cavity base (2) through the base support (3); the cavity top cover (8) is placed on the top of the insulating cavity (4); the top outlet terminal is arranged through the top of the insulating cavity (4) and the cavity top cover (8); a cable connected to the first electrode (21) is arranged through the top outlet terminal; the bottom outlet terminal is arranged through the bottom of the insulating cavity (4); a cable connected to the second electrode (22) is arranged through the bottom outlet terminal; a grounding screw (29) penetrating the insulating cavity (4) is also arranged at the bottom of the insulating cavity (4); the second electrode fixed end (26) is fixedly connected to the insulating cavity (4) through the grounding screw (29) and is connected to the grounding terminal.

6. A high voltage experimental system for testing the breakdown voltage of an air gap suspended conductor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The insulating cavity (4) is also provided with an air flow hole (7), and the gas exchange device comprises a hose (9) and a gas exchanger (10), and the gas exchanger (10) is connected to the air flow hole (7) via the hose (9).

7. A high voltage experimental system for testing the breakdown voltage of an air gap suspended conductor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The insulating cavity (4) is also provided with an observation frame (5), in which an observation lens (6) is provided. The measuring and observing device comprises a high-speed camera (18), and the high-speed camera (18) is arranged to be aligned with the suspended conductor fixing device (30) through the observation lens (6).

8. A high voltage experimental system for testing the breakdown voltage of an air gap suspended conductor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The measuring and observing device also includes: A current coil (19) for measuring the current of the gap during the breakdown process; A high voltage probe (20) connected to the first electrode (21) and used to measure the changing voltage applied to the gap during the breakdown process; an oscilloscope (33), connected to the current coil (19) and the high-voltage probe (20) respectively, and used for displaying and recording data measured by the current coil (19) and the high-voltage probe (20); The current coil (19) is located in the insulating discharge cavity, and the high-voltage probe (20) is located outside the insulating discharge cavity and is connected to the first electrode (21) by being connected to a cable connected to the first electrode (21).

9. A high voltage experimental system for testing the breakdown voltage of an air gap suspended conductor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pulse voltage generating device (11) comprises a high-voltage direct current source (12), a trigger ball gap switch (13), a trigger power supply (14), a first protective resistor (15), a second protective resistor (16) and a capacitor (17); one end of the high-voltage direct current source (12) is connected to one end of the second protective resistor (16); the other end of the second protective resistor (16) is connected to one end of the trigger ball gap switch (13) and one end of the capacitor (17); the other end of the capacitor (17) is respectively connected to one end of the first protective resistor (15), a first electrode (21) and a high-voltage probe (20); the other end of the high-voltage direct current source (12) is respectively connected to the other end of the trigger ball gap switch (13), the other end of the first protective resistor (15), the second electrode (22) and the current coil (19); and the trigger power supply (14) is connected to a trigger signal input end of the trigger ball gap switch (13).

10. A method based on the system as claimed in any one of claims 9, characterized in that: Adjusting the distance between the first electrode (21) and the second electrode (22) to a target distance, and adjusting the height of the suspended conductor (23) to a target position; Turning on the gas exchange device to renew the air inside the insulating cavity (4); A high-voltage direct current source (12) is used to charge the capacitor (17). After charging is completed, a trigger power supply (14) is used to apply a trigger signal to the trigger ball gap switch (13), thereby causing the ball gap to break down in a controllable manner, thereby achieving a short circuit between the high-voltage direct current source (12) and the second protection resistor (16). Based on the data measured by the current coil (19) and the high-voltage probe (20) and transmitted to the oscilloscope (33), the capacitor (17) starts to discharge, thereby obtaining the current and voltage change characteristics during the gap breakdown process; Controlling a high-speed camera (18) to shoot a breakdown discharge process of a discharge gap containing a suspended conductor (23) after the spherical gap switch (13) breaks down; Determine the discharge shape and discharge path according to the discharge process obtained by shooting; Based on the discharge process obtained by filming and the voltage and current variation law observed by the oscilloscope (33), the phenomenon of each stage of the breakdown process is explained.

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