Building deformation monitoring method and system based on multi-temporal InSAR technology

Abstract

The invention provides a building deformation monitoring method and system based on a multi-temporal InSAR technology, and relates to the technical field of building monitoring, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining an initial difference interferogram according to a plurality of SAR images and DEM data; resolving the initial differential interferogram by adopting a multi-temporal InSAR technology to obtain an initial terrain error and an initial time sequence deformation quantity; according to the newly-added SAR image and the DEM data, obtaining a newly-added differential interferogram; according to the previous topographic error, the previous time sequence deformation quantity and the newly added differential interferogram, a multi-temporal InSAR technology and a sequential adjustment method are adopted for calculation, and a current topographic error and a current time sequence deformation quantity are obtained; according to the current time sequence deformation quantity, the horizontal linear distance between the multiple deformation points and the radar wave incidence angle are combined, and the inclination angle of the building is obtained; and monitoring the deformation condition of the building according to the inclination angle of the building and the inclination angle threshold. The analysis complexity is reduced, the analysis efficiency is relatively high, and rapid and continuous deformation monitoring of the building can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building monitoring, and in particular to a building deformation monitoring method and system based on multi-temporal InSAR technology. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid advancement of urbanization, a large number of infrastructure construction projects are being carried out in urban areas. There is a loose soil layer under the surface, and the soil layer is affected by various natural factors, which causes the urban surface to slowly rise or sink. This surface deformation will cause uneven settlement and deformation of buildings over time, seriously affecting the structural integrity and service life of the buildings.

[0003] Multi-temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (MT-InSAR) technology has been widely used in building structural health monitoring (SHM). The MT-InSAR method is based on deformation analysis of existing image time series.

[0004] In order to continuously monitor the deformation of urban buildings, when new images are introduced, the traditional MT-InSAR method needs to restart the entire processing workflow and re-analyze all image data as a whole to obtain deformation information of the new time series. As the amount of image data increases, the analysis complexity and analysis time increase significantly, and the analysis efficiency is low. Summary of the invention

[0005] The problem to be solved by the present invention is that when a new image is introduced, the traditional MT-InSAR method needs to restart the entire processing workflow and re-analyze all image data as a whole to obtain deformation information of the new time series.

[0006] To solve the above problems, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a building deformation monitoring method based on multi-temporal InSAR technology, comprising:

[0007] According to the acquired multiple SAR images and DEM data of the building location, a plurality of initial differential interferograms are obtained, wherein the SAR image includes the area where the monitored building is located, and any one of the multiple SAR images is selected as the initial SAR image;

[0008] The multi-temporal InSAR technology is used to solve the multiple initial differential interferograms after filtering to obtain the initial terrain error of each initial differential interferogram;

[0009] Obtaining an initial time-series deformation amount according to the initial terrain error, the initial differential interferogram and the initial SAR image;

[0010] Obtaining a new differential interferogram based on the acquired new SAR image and the DEM data;

[0011] According to the terrain error obtained previously, the time series deformation obtained previously and the newly added differential interferogram after filtering, the multi-temporal InSAR technology and sequential adjustment method are used to calculate and obtain the current terrain error and the current time series deformation;

[0012] Extracting a plurality of deformation points within the building according to the current time series deformation amount;

[0013] Obtaining the inclination angle of the building according to the time series deformation amounts of the plurality of deformation points, the horizontal straight line distances between the plurality of deformation points and the incident angle of the satellite radar wave;

[0014] The deformation of the building is monitored according to the inclination angle of the building and the inclination angle threshold.

[0015] Preferably, before solving the initial terrain error, the method further comprises: performing multiple filtering processes on the differential interference pattern;

[0016] Before solving the current terrain error, the method further includes: performing multiple filtering processes on the newly added differential interference pattern; wherein the filtering windows and filtering steps used in the multiple filtering processes are successively reduced.

[0017] Preferably, obtaining a plurality of initial differential interferograms based on the acquired plurality of SAR images and DEM data of the building location comprises:

[0018] The multiple acquired SAR images are registered and the satellite orbit tilt error is corrected to obtain a corrected SAR image;

[0019] The corrected SAR image is subjected to differential interferometry, and the terrain phase is removed according to the DEM data to obtain the initial differential interferogram.

[0020] Preferably, the multi-temporal InSAR technology is used to solve the multiple initial differential interferograms after filtering to obtain the initial terrain error of each initial differential interferogram, which includes:

[0021] According to the principle of multi-temporal InSAR, the expression of the phase difference between two adjacent points on the initial differential interferogram is obtained as follows:

[0022]

[0023] in, represents the phase difference between two adjacent points q and p on the kth initial differential interferogram, k = 1, ..., M, v q,p represents the initial deformation rate between two adjacent points q and p on the initial differential interference pattern, dh q,p represents the initial terrain error between two adjacent points q and p on the initial differential interferogram, λ represents the satellite radar wavelength, R represents the distance from the satellite to the target, θ represents the incident angle of the satellite radar wave, and B ⊥,k represents the vertical baseline of the kth interference pattern, Δt k represents the time basis of the kth interferogram, W 1 The error term representing the phase difference;

[0024] Assume that the observation matrix of the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram is The design matrix of the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram is i=1,…,M, the parameter matrix of the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram is x topo =[v q,p dh q,p ] T , then L = Ax topo +W 1 ;

[0025] The parameter matrix x of the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram is obtained by solving the WLS method. topo And the corresponding covariance matrix Q x They are:

[0026] x topo =(A T PA) -1 A T PL

[0027] Q x =(A T PA) -1

[0028] Where P = (D p,q ) -1 , D p,q =D p +D q , D p represents the variance-covariance matrix of the interference phase vector at point p, D q represents the variance-covariance matrix of the q-point interference phase vector, D p,q represents the variance-covariance matrix between point p and point q, and P represents the initial weight matrix;

[0029] The parameter matrix obtained by solving is combined with x topo =[v q,p dh q,p ]T Compare and obtain the initial terrain error.

[0030] Preferably, obtaining the initial time-series deformation amount according to the initial terrain error, the initial differential interferogram and the initial SAR image comprises:

[0031] Obtaining a differential phase of each of the initial differential interferograms according to the initial terrain error and the initial differential interferogram;

[0032] Obtaining the initial time-series deformation amount according to the differential phase of each of the initial differential interferograms and the initial SAR image;

[0033] The expression of the temporal deformation variable sequence of the initial differential interference pattern is:

[0034]

[0035] in, represents the deformation phase difference between two adjacent points in the i-th interference pattern, φ i represents the cumulative deformation phase difference between two adjacent points on the i-th SAR image in the line of sight direction, i = 1, ..., M, W 2 The error term representing the time series shape variable;

[0036] Assume that the observation matrix of the time series deformation variable of the initial differential interference pattern is The parameter matrix of the temporal deformation of the initial differential interferogram is: The design matrix of the time series deformation of the initial differential interferogram is: but

[0037] The parameter matrix of the time series deformation of the initial differential interferogram is obtained by solving the WLS method. And the corresponding covariance matrix Q d They are:

[0038]

[0039] Q d =(B T PB) -1

[0040] The parameter matrix of the time series shape variable obtained by the solution is combined with By comparison, the initial time series deformation of each point on the SAR image is obtained.

[0041] Preferably, the process of obtaining the current terrain error includes:

[0042] According to the principle of multi-temporal InSAR, the expression of the phase difference between two adjacent points on the newly added differential interferogram is obtained as follows:

[0043] L′=A′x t ' opo +W 1 '

[0044] Where L′ represents the observation value matrix of the phase difference of the newly added differential interferogram, A′ represents the design matrix of the phase difference of the newly added differential interferogram, and x t ' opo The parameter matrix representing the phase difference of the newly added differential interferogram, W 1 ′ represents the error term of the phase difference of the newly added differential interferogram;

[0045] According to the principle of sequential adjustment, the current parameter matrix X of the phase difference of all image data topo and the corresponding cofactor matrix They are:

[0046] X topo =[Q x -1 +(A′) T P′A′] -1 [Q x -1 x topo +(A′) T P′L′]

[0047]

[0048] Among them, P′ represents the newly added weight matrix, x topo The parameter matrix representing the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram, Q x The parameter matrix x representing the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram topo The corresponding covariance matrix;

[0049] Based on matrix inversion theory, X topo The corresponding cofactor matrix After inverse simplification, we get:

[0050]

[0051] in, Q J =(P′) -1 +A′Q x (A′) T ,

[0052] According to the solved parameter matrix, the current terrain error is obtained;

[0053] The process of obtaining the current time series shape variable includes:

[0054] According to the current terrain error, the previous time series deformation is corrected. The correction formula is:

[0055]

[0056] in, represents the modified observation value matrix of the previous time series deformation, L represents the observation value matrix of the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram, and h′ represents the current terrain error;

[0057] The expression of the current time series shape variable sequence is:

[0058]

[0059] Among them, L 3 ′ represents the observation value matrix of the time series deformation variable of the newly added differential interference pattern, B 1 represents the design matrix composed of images that do not participate in differential interferometry update in historical SAR images, B 2 represents the design matrix composed of images that have differential interference with the new SAR images in the historical SAR images, B 2 ′ represents the design matrix composed of the images of differential interference between the newly added SAR images and the historical SAR images, B 3 ′ represents the design matrix composed of the newly added SAR images that do not participate in the differential interferometry update, The parameter matrix representing the historical SAR image single differential interferometry, The parameter matrix representing the differential interferometry between the historical SAR image and the newly added SAR image, represents the parameter matrix of the newly added SAR image separate differential interferometry,

[0060] According to the principle of sequential adjustment, we get:

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] in, Represents the current parameter matrix The corresponding cofactor matrix, The parameter matrix representing the temporal deformation of the initial differential interferogram, Q d The parameter matrix representing the temporal deformation of the initial differential interferogram The corresponding covariance matrix;

[0064] Based on matrix inversion theory, The corresponding cofactor matrix After inverse simplification, we get:

[0065]

[0066] in, represents the current parameter matrix,

[0067] The current temporal shape variable d is:

[0068]

[0069] Preferably, obtaining the inclination angle of the building according to the time series deformation amounts of the plurality of deformation points, the horizontal straight line distances between the plurality of deformation points and the incident angle of the satellite radar wave comprises:

[0070] Comparing the time series deformation amounts of the plurality of deformation points, and determining the deformation point with the largest time series deformation amount and the deformation point with the smallest time series deformation amount;

[0071] The tilt angle of the building is obtained based on the horizontal straight-line distance between the deformation point with the largest time-series deformation and the deformation point with the smallest time-series deformation, the absolute difference of the time-series deformation between the two deformation points, and the incident angle of the satellite radar wave.

[0072] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a building deformation monitoring system based on multi-temporal InSAR technology, comprising:

[0073] An initial differential interferogram acquisition module is used to obtain a plurality of initial differential interferograms according to a plurality of acquired SAR images and DEM data of the location of the building, wherein the SAR image includes the area where the monitored building is located, and any one of the plurality of SAR images is selected as the initial SAR image;

[0074] An initial terrain error analysis module is used to solve the multiple initial differential interferograms after filtering using multi-temporal InSAR technology to obtain the initial terrain error of each initial differential interferogram;

[0075] An initial time-series deformation analysis module, used to obtain an initial time-series deformation according to the initial terrain error, the initial differential interferogram and the initial SAR image;

[0076] A new differential interferogram acquisition module is added, which is used to obtain a new differential interferogram according to the acquired new SAR image and the DEM data;

[0077] The time series deformation updating module is used to calculate the current terrain error and the current time series deformation according to the terrain error obtained last time, the time series deformation obtained last time and the newly added differential interferogram after filtering, using the multi-temporal InSAR technology and the sequential adjustment method;

[0078] A deformation point extraction module, used to extract a plurality of deformation points within the building according to the current time series deformation amount;

[0079] The tilt angle analysis module is used to obtain the tilt angle of the building according to the time series deformation amount of the plurality of deformation points, the horizontal straight line distance between the plurality of deformation points and the incident angle of the satellite radar wave;

[0080] The deformation monitoring module is used to monitor the deformation of the building according to the inclination angle of the building and the inclination angle threshold.

[0081] In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a storage medium storing a computer program for building deformation monitoring based on multi-temporal InSAR technology, wherein the computer program enables a computer to execute the building deformation monitoring method based on multi-temporal InSAR technology as described above.

[0082] In a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0083] One or more processors; a memory; and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and are configured to be executed by the one or more processors, and the programs include methods for executing the building deformation monitoring method based on the multi-temporal InSAR technology as described above.

[0084] The present invention provides a building deformation monitoring method and system based on multi-temporal InSAR technology, which has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0085] As the SAR data increases, only the newly added SAR images need to be differentially interferometrically analyzed, and there is no need to repeat the analysis of historical SAR images. The current terrain error and the current time-series deformation can be directly obtained by using the terrain error and the time-series deformation obtained last time, which reduces the complexity of the analysis and does not significantly increase the analysis time. The amount of data of each newly added SAR image is equivalent to that of the initially obtained SAR image. Therefore, when each subsequent time-series deformation variable is updated, the analysis speed can basically be maintained at the same level as the initial analysis speed. The analysis efficiency is high, so that the update speed of the current time-series deformation variable can be maintained at a high level, and the inclination angle of the building can be updated in time. Therefore, the response speed of the deformation monitoring of the building is fast, and rapid and continuous deformation monitoring of the building can be achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0086] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0087] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a building deformation monitoring method based on multi-temporal InSAR technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0088] Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of another method for monitoring building deformation based on multi-temporal InSAR technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0089] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of two adaptive filtering processes provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0090] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of deformation monitoring results of a building provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0091] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of deformation curves of multiple deformation points of a building;

[0092] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the difference curve of deformation rate;

[0093] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the difference curve of the cumulative deformation;

[0094] Figure 8 It is a statistical diagram of time spent;

[0095] Fig. 9 A schematic structural diagram of a building deformation monitoring system based on multi-temporal InSAR technology provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0096] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0097] The embodiments of the present application provide a building deformation monitoring method and system based on multi-temporal InSAR technology, which solves the problem that as the amount of image data increases, the analysis complexity and analysis time of the traditional MT-InSAR method increase significantly, and the analysis efficiency is low. The method reduces the analysis complexity, shortens the analysis time, and timely updates the deformation information of the building, which is conducive to rapid and continuous deformation monitoring of urban buildings.

[0098] The technical solution in the embodiment of the present application is to solve the above technical problems, and the overall idea is as follows:

[0099] In order to conduct continuous deformation monitoring of urban buildings, it is necessary to regularly update the deformation monitoring results. When conducting continuous deformation monitoring, new image data will be acquired regularly or continuously, and then the new image data will be integrated for continuous analysis according to the principle of MT-InSAR. When new image data is introduced, the traditional MT-InSAR method needs to treat the new image data and the historical image data acquired in the past as the overall image data, restart the entire analysis process, and analyze all the image data to obtain the deformation information of the new time series. As the amount of image data increases, the amount of data to be analyzed each time becomes larger and larger, and the computational complexity and time consumption increase significantly, and this increase will become larger and larger, resulting in slower updates of building deformation information. Therefore, solving the problem of timeliness of deformation information updates has become a key challenge for using the MT-InSAR method to conduct rapid and continuous deformation monitoring of urban buildings.

[0100] In order to better understand the above technical solution, the above technical solution will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0101] I need to explain that SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images are images generated by synthetic aperture radar systems. This type of image has all-day and all-weather observation capabilities, and can penetrate obstacles such as clouds and fog to achieve high-resolution imaging.

[0102] DEM (Digital Elevation Model) is a digital simulation of ground terrain through limited terrain elevation data.

[0103] Differential interferometry is a method of obtaining surface deformation information using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology. Differential interferometry extracts surface deformation information by comparing SAR images of the same area at different times through differential interferometry processing. This method can capture surface deformation at the millimeter to centimeter level.

[0104] The differential interferogram is used to obtain surface deformation information, while the coherence map is used to evaluate the quality of the interferometric image and help identify and eliminate interferometric pairs with poor quality to improve the accuracy of subsequent analysis.

[0105] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a building deformation monitoring method based on multi-temporal InSAR technology, comprising:

[0106] S1: obtaining a plurality of initial differential interferograms based on a plurality of acquired SAR images and DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data of the building location, wherein the SAR image includes the area where the monitored building is located, and selecting any one of the plurality of SAR images as the initial SAR image.

[0107] S2: using multi-phase InSAR technology to solve the multiple initial differential interferograms after filtering, to obtain the initial terrain error of each initial differential interferogram and the initial deformation rate between two adjacent points on the initial differential interferogram.

[0108] S3: Obtaining an initial time-series deformation amount according to the initial terrain error, the initial differential interferogram and the initial SAR image.

[0109] S4: Obtain a new differential interferogram based on the acquired new SAR image and the DEM data.

[0110] S5: Based on the terrain error obtained previously, the time series deformation amount obtained previously and the newly added differential interferogram after filtering, multi-temporal InSAR technology and sequential adjustment method are used to solve and obtain the current terrain error and the current time series deformation amount.

[0111] S6: extracting a plurality of deformation points within the building range according to the current time-series deformation amount.

[0112] S7: Obtain the inclination angle of the building according to the time series deformation amounts of the plurality of deformation points, the horizontal straight line distances between the plurality of deformation points and the incident angle of the satellite radar wave.

[0113] S8: Monitoring the deformation of the building according to the inclination angle of the building and the inclination angle threshold.

[0114] In this embodiment, a plurality of initial differential interferograms are first obtained according to a plurality of acquired SAR images and DEM data of the location of the building; a multi-temporal InSAR technique is used to solve the plurality of initial differential interferograms after filtering to obtain an initial terrain error of each initial differential interferogram and an initial deformation rate between two adjacent points on the initial differential interferogram; an initial time series deformation amount is obtained according to the initial terrain error, the initial differential interferogram and the initial SAR image; since there are few SAR images obtained in the initial stage, the MT-InSAR method can be directly used for analysis and solution to obtain the initial terrain error and time series deformation amount; as the SAR data increases, a new differential interferogram is obtained according to the newly acquired SAR images and DEM data; and a terrain error obtained last time, the time series deformation amount is obtained according to the ... The deformation variables and the newly added differential interference diagram after filtering are solved using multi-phase InSAR technology and sequential adjustment methods to obtain the current terrain error and the current time-series deformation variables. At this time, only the newly added SAR images need to be subjected to differential interference analysis, and there is no need to repeat the analysis of historical SAR images. The current terrain error and the current time-series deformation variables can be directly obtained by using the terrain error and the time-series deformation variables obtained previously, which reduces the complexity of the analysis and does not significantly increase the analysis time. The amount of data of each newly added SAR image is equivalent to that of the initially obtained SAR image. Therefore, in each subsequent update of the time-series deformation variables, the analysis speed can basically be maintained at the same level as the initial analysis speed, and the analysis efficiency is high, so that the analysis speed can always be maintained at a high level. According to the current time-series deformation variable, multiple deformation points within the building are extracted; according to the time-series deformation variables of the multiple deformation points, the horizontal straight-line distance between the multiple deformation points and the incident angle of the satellite radar wave, the inclination angle of the building is obtained; according to the inclination angle of the building and the inclination angle threshold, the deformation of the building is monitored; since the update speed of the current time-series deformation variable can be maintained at a high level, the inclination angle of the building can be updated in time, so the response speed of the deformation monitoring of the building is faster, and fast and continuous deformation monitoring of the building can be realized.

[0115] Optionally, S1: obtaining a plurality of initial differential interferograms according to the acquired plurality of SAR images and DEM data of the location of the building, including:

[0116] S110: registering the plurality of acquired SAR images and correcting the satellite orbit tilt error to obtain a corrected SAR image.

[0117] Specifically, a SAR image of the area where the monitored building is located is obtained within a preset time period, and multiple SAR images can be obtained continuously. Then a SAR image is selected as the main image (i.e., the initial SAR image), and the remaining SAR images are aligned to the main image. When the alignment meets the requirements, differential interference is performed. If the alignment does not meet the requirements, the subsequent differential interference will fail. The requirements here refer to the accuracy requirements. The aligned image can further remove the satellite orbit tilt error to obtain the original SAR image that can be used for differential interference. Because the satellite has an optimal monitoring angle when monitoring the ground building, but the satellite is in the process of running at all times relative to the ground, it is impossible to obtain the SAR image at the optimal monitoring angle every time. Therefore, based on the optimal monitoring angle, a preset spatial monitoring position range is used. SAR images obtained within this range can be regarded as usable images, but when the position where the satellite obtains the SAR image deviates from the optimal monitoring angle, the satellite orbit tilt error can be corrected to eliminate the influence of the satellite orbit tilt and improve the accuracy of the SAR image.

[0118] S120: Perform differential interferometry on the corrected SAR image, and remove the terrain phase according to the DEM data to obtain the initial differential interferogram.

[0119] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown in the figure, in a set time period and a set spatial range, the above SAR image is subjected to differential interference and terrain phase removal operations in combination with DEM data, and a differential interference graph and a coherence graph without terrain phase can be obtained, and the initial differential interference graph can be used for deformation inversion. Among them, the DEM data is the data when the building is not deformed. Since the interference graph obtained after differential interference processing contains surface deformation information and terrain information, it is necessary to use external DEM data to simulate the terrain phase of the area after differential interference processing, and remove the simulated terrain phase from the interference graph to obtain an interference graph containing only surface deformation information, that is, the required differential interference graph. After such processing, the influence of terrain phase on subsequent analysis is reduced, which is conducive to improving the analysis accuracy and reducing the magnitude of analysis data.

[0120] Alternatively, if Figure 2 As shown, before S2 and S5, that is, before solving the initial terrain error, the method further includes: performing multiple filtering processes on the differential interference pattern;

[0121] Before solving the current terrain error, the method further includes: performing multiple filtering processes on the newly added differential interference pattern; wherein the filtering windows and filtering steps used in the multiple filtering processes are gradually reduced in sequence.

[0122] Specifically, since the acquired SAR images contain incoherent noise, filtering is required before solving. Although urban buildings are highly coherent ground reflectors, excessive incoherent noise will hinder the identification of deformation points. Exemplarily, the acquired differential interferogram (or newly added differential interferogram) and the coherence map are adaptively filtered twice, and the sizes of the filter windows and filter steps used in the two filters are gradually reduced, such as Figure 3 As shown, it is used to improve the coherence of buildings in the monitoring area and lay the foundation for better identification of deformation points on buildings. Figure 3 The coherence graph after two adaptive filtering is given. The second adaptive filtering is performed on the basis of the first adaptive filtering. Compared with the first adaptive filtering, the filtering window and filtering step size are reduced in the second adaptive filtering. For example, the first filtering is performed according to the window 32 step size 4, and the second filtering is performed according to the window 16 step size 2, so as to further enhance the coherence graph in detail. After the above steps are completed, the consistency of the building is improved, and the differential interference graph and coherence graph that can be used for deformation solution are obtained, and the noise interference is reduced.

[0123] Alternatively, if Figure 2 As shown, S2: using multi-phase InSAR technology to solve the multiple initial differential interferograms after filtering, the initial terrain error of each initial differential interferogram and the initial deformation rate between two adjacent points on the initial differential interferogram are obtained, including:

[0124] Assuming that a total of M initial differential interferograms are obtained, according to the principle of multi-temporal InSAR, using the function model, the expression of the phase difference between two adjacent points on the initial differential interferogram is obtained as shown in the following formula (1).

[0125]

[0126] in, represents the phase difference between two adjacent points q and p on the kth initial differential interferogram, k = 1, ..., M, v q,p represents the initial deformation rate between two adjacent points q and p on the initial differential interference pattern, dh q,p represents the initial terrain error between two adjacent points q and p on the initial differential interferogram, λ represents the satellite radar wavelength, R represents the distance from the satellite to the target (the monitoring point of the building), θ represents the incident angle of the satellite radar wave, and B ⊥,k represents the vertical baseline of the kth interference pattern, Δt k represents the time basis of the kth interferogram, W 1 The error term representing the phase difference.

[0127] Assume that the observation matrix of the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram is The design matrix of the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram is (i=1,…,M), the parameter matrix of the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram is x topo =[v q,p dh q,p ] T , then L = Ax topo +W 1 .

[0128] It should be noted that the unwrapped phase refers to the fact that in the synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) technology, the interference phase is limited to the range of -π to π, and the difference from the real phase is an integer multiple of 2π. The unwrapped phase refers to these wrapped phases. Using the unwrapped phase for direct calculation can avoid introducing new errors in the phase unwrapping process and avoid error accumulation.

[0129] To obtain the initial weight matrix P, first use the interference coherence of point p on the kth differential interference pattern Calculate the unwrapped phase Variance As shown in the following formula (2).

[0130]

[0131] In the above formula, N represents the multi-view ratio.

[0132] Since SAR images of the same area have similar configurations, the decorrelated noise between any two interferograms is correlated. From time n 1 With m 1 The image interference is obtained, and From time n 2 and m 2 The image interference is obtained. Unwrapped phase and The covariance between It can be calculated by formula (3):

[0133]

[0134] In the above formula, Indicates that at time n i and m i The coherence of the unwrapped phase at the point p between .

[0135] In summary, the variance-covariance matrix D of the interference phase vector at point p is p It can be written as shown in the following formula (4).

[0136]

[0137] According to the variance propagation law, the variance-covariance matrix D between point p and point q p,q It can be written as shown in the following formula (5). The weight matrix corresponding to points p and q is expressed as P = (D p,q ) -1 .

[0138] D p,q =D p +D q (5)

[0139] The parameter matrix x of the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram is obtained by solving the WLS method (Weighted Least Squares) topo And the corresponding covariance matrix Q x They are:

[0140] x topo =(A T PA) -1 A T PL (6)

[0141] Q x =(A T PA) -1 (7)

[0142] Where P = (D p,q ) -1 , D p,q =D p +D q , D p represents the variance-covariance matrix of the interference phase vector at point p, D q represents the variance-covariance matrix of the q-point interference phase vector, D p,q represents the variance-covariance matrix between points p and q, and P represents the initial weight matrix.

[0143] The parameter matrix of the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram obtained by solving is combined with x topo =[v q,p dh q,p ] T By comparing, the initial terrain error and initial deformation rate between two adjacent points in the monitoring area can be obtained, and the solution results can be saved.

[0144] Alternatively, if Figure 2 As shown, S3: according to the initial terrain error, the initial differential interferogram and the initial SAR image, obtaining the initial time series deformation comprises:

[0145] S310: Obtaining a differential phase of each of the initial differential interferograms according to the initial terrain error and the initial differential interferogram.

[0146] Specifically, the initial terrain error is subtracted from the differential interferogram to obtain the differential phase caused by the terrain deformation, thereby avoiding the error accumulation caused by the terrain error and improving the accuracy of subsequent analysis.

[0147] S320: Obtain the initial time-series deformation amount according to the differential phase of each of the initial differential interferograms and the initial SAR image.

[0148] Specifically, according to the function model, relative to the initial SAR image, the expression of the time series deformation variable sequence of the initial differential interferogram is:

[0149]

[0150] in, represents the deformation phase difference between two adjacent points in the i-th interference pattern, φ i represents the cumulative deformation phase difference between two adjacent points on the i-th SAR image in the line-of-sight (LOS) direction, i = 1, ..., M, W 2 The error term that represents the time series shape variable.

[0151] Assume that the observation matrix of the time series deformation variable of the initial differential interference pattern is The parameter matrix of the temporal deformation of the initial differential interferogram is: The design matrix of the time series deformation of the initial differential interferogram is: Then formula (8) can be rewritten as shown in formula (9).

[0152]

[0153] The parameter matrix of the time series deformation of the initial differential interferogram is obtained by solving the WLS method. And the corresponding covariance matrix Q d They are:

[0154]

[0155] Q d =(B T PB) -1 (11)

[0156] The parameter matrix of the time series shape variable obtained by the solution is combined with By comparing, the cumulative deformation phase difference between two adjacent points can be obtained. Taking a certain point on the monitored SAR image as the reference point, the cumulative deformation phase of each other point can be obtained in turn. According to the relationship between the phase and the deformation, the initial time series deformation of each point on the SAR image (including the area where the building is located) can be obtained, and the solution results can be saved.

[0157] S4: Obtain a new differential interferogram based on the acquired new SAR image and the DEM data.

[0158] Specifically, similar to the operation in step S1, when a new SAR image is added to the monitoring range, the new SAR image is registered to the initial SAR image and the satellite orbit tilt error is removed. Next, the existing historical SAR images and the new SAR images are differentially interferometrically analyzed in the same preset time period and preset spatial monitoring position range, and the terrain phase is removed using DEM data to obtain a new differential interferogram.

[0159] Alternatively, if Figure 2 As shown, the process of obtaining the current terrain error in S5 includes:

[0160] According to the principle of multi-temporal InSAR, the observation method of the phase difference between two adjacent points on the newly added differential interferogram is abbreviated as shown in formula (12).

[0161] L′=A′x t ' opo +W 1 ′ (12)

[0162] Where L′ represents the observation value matrix of the phase difference of the newly added differential interferogram, A′ represents the design matrix of the phase difference of the newly added differential interferogram, and x t ' opo The parameter matrix representing the phase difference of the newly added differential interferogram, W 1 ′ represents the error term of the phase difference of the newly added differential interferogram.

[0163] By using the calculation method of formula (2) to formula (5), the newly added weight matrix P′ can be obtained.

[0164] According to the principle of sequential adjustment, the current parameter matrix X of the phase difference of all differential interferograms (including the initial differential interferogram and the newly added differential interferogram) topo and the corresponding cofactor matrix They are:

[0165] X topo =[Q x -1 +(A′) T P′A′] -1 [Qx -1 x topo +(A′) T P′L′] (13)

[0166]

[0167] Among them, P′ represents the newly added weight matrix, x topo The parameter matrix representing the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram, Q x The parameter matrix x representing the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram topo The corresponding covariance matrix.

[0168] In actual calculations, in order to improve calculation efficiency, matrix inversion theory is used, as shown in the following basic formula:

[0169]

[0170] X topo The corresponding cofactor matrix After inverse simplification, we get:

[0171]

[0172] in, Q J =(P′) -1 +A′Q x (A′) T ,

[0173] According to the parameter matrix of the phase difference of all differential interferograms obtained by solution, the current terrain error and the current deformation rate between two adjacent points in the monitoring area can be obtained, and the solution results can be saved.

[0174] In this embodiment, taking the second analysis as an example, it can be seen from formula (15) that after the SAR image is added, when analyzing all the data, the second analysis uses the parameter matrix obtained by the first calculation (i.e., the parameter matrix x of the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram) topo ) and the corresponding covariance matrix Q x , and then only the newly added SAR needs to be analyzed separately, and there is no need to repeat the analysis of the historical SAR images in the old data, so as to avoid the superposition growth of the analysis data volume, ensure that the analysis speed is always maintained at a relatively high and stable level, and ensure the timely responsiveness of monitoring. Similarly, in the subsequent analysis process, the parameter matrix and the corresponding covariance matrix obtained in the previous analysis are used as the parameter matrix x of the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram topo And its corresponding covariance matrix Q x, substituted into the calculation process of the current analysis, and obtained X topo and

[0175] Optionally, considering the addition of new images, within a certain time and space range, the newly added SAR images will perform differential interference with a part of the existing historical SAR images. Therefore, the design matrix B of the existing historical SAR images is divided into two parts. One part is the design matrix composed of images that do not participate in the time series update, called B 1 The other part is the design matrix of the image construction involved in the time series update, called B 2 Similarly, the design matrix B′ of the newly added SAR image can also be divided into two parts. One part is the design matrix constructed by the newly added SAR image that undergoes differential interference with the historical SAR image, denoted as B 2 ′; the other part is the design matrix of the image construction without differential interference with the historical SAR image, denoted as B 3 '. 1 , B 2 and B 2 ′ is recorded as At the same time, the corresponding cumulative deformation is recorded as

[0176] like Figure 2 As shown, the process of obtaining the current time series deformation amount in S5 includes:

[0177] According to the current terrain error, the previous time series deformation is corrected. The correction formula is:

[0178]

[0179] in, represents the modified observation value matrix of the previous time series deformation, L represents the observation value matrix of the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram, and h′ represents the current terrain error.

[0180] According to the function model, the expression of the current temporal shape variable sequence of all image data is:

[0181]

[0182] Among them, L 3 ′ represents the observation value matrix of the time series deformation variable of the newly added differential interference pattern, B 1 represents the design matrix composed of images that do not participate in differential interferometry update in historical SAR images, B 2 represents the design matrix composed of images that have differential interference with the new SAR images in the historical SAR images, B 2 ′ represents the design matrix composed of the images of differential interference between the newly added SAR images and the historical SAR images, B3 ′ represents the design matrix composed of the newly added SAR images that do not participate in the differential interferometry update, The parameter matrix representing the historical SAR image single differential interferometry, The parameter matrix representing the differential interferometry between the historical SAR image and the newly added SAR image, represents the parameter matrix of the newly added SAR image separate differential interferometry,

[0183] According to the principle of sequential adjustment, we get:

[0184]

[0185] in, Represents the current parameter matrix The corresponding cofactor matrix, The parameter matrix representing the temporal deformation of the initial differential interferogram, Q d The parameter matrix representing the temporal deformation of the initial differential interferogram The corresponding covariance matrix.

[0186] Using matrix inversion theory, The corresponding cofactor matrix After inverse simplification, we get:

[0187]

[0188] in, represents the current parameter matrix,

[0189] According to the current parameter matrix, the cumulative deformation phase difference between two adjacent points is obtained. Taking a certain point on the monitored SAR image as the reference point, the cumulative deformation phase of each other point can be obtained in turn. According to the relationship between the phase and the deformation variable, the phase value is converted. The current time series deformation variable d is:

[0190]

[0191] The current parameter matrix and the corresponding cofactor matrix obtained by the solution are saved and used as the initial values ​​for analysis and solution after acquiring a new SAR image next time.

[0192] In order to achieve the purpose of continuous monitoring, steps S4 and S5 can be executed cyclically, new SAR image data can be continuously introduced, and combined with the terrain error and time-series deformation variables obtained last time, the current terrain error and time-series deformation variables can be iteratively solved, so as to realize real-time, fast and accurate monitoring of buildings. In the iterative process, the parameter values ​​of the terrain error and time-series deformation variables obtained last time are used as parameter values ​​related to the initial terrain error and the initial time-series deformation variables, and are used to settle the current terrain error and the current time-series deformation variables.

[0193] S6: extracting a plurality of deformation points within the building range according to the current time-series deformation amount.

[0194] Specifically, the existing building distribution vector diagram and the deformation results obtained by calculation are extracted to obtain deformation points within the building range. Considering the spatial resolution limitation of SAR images and the potential impact of deformation in the area around the building on the safety of the building, the method of extracting deformation points by expanding the buffer zone can be adopted during the experiment or actual operation, that is, expanding the buffer zone outward by a certain distance based on the existing building boundary, such as expanding the buffer zone outward by 12m. This method can effectively reduce the impact of positioning accuracy and can also monitor the deformation points around the building, such as Figure 4 As shown, it can be seen that the enlarged image of the area where the two buildings are located is extracted from the SAR image. From the local enlarged window, it can be seen that multiple deformation points appear in the range where the two buildings are located.

[0195] Alternatively, if Figure 2 As shown, S7: according to the time series deformation amount of the plurality of deformation points, the horizontal straight line distance between the plurality of deformation points and the incident angle of the satellite radar wave, the inclination angle of the building is obtained, which includes:

[0196] S710: Compare the time series deformation amounts of the plurality of deformation points, and determine a deformation point with a maximum time series deformation amount and a deformation point with a minimum time series deformation amount.

[0197] For example Figure 4 The changing trends of the seven deformation points within the building on the right are as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the temporal deformation of multiple deformation points (i.e. Figure 5 The deformation amount at deformation point 6 is the smallest, and the deformation amount at deformation point 7 is the largest.

[0198] S720: Obtain the inclination angle of the building according to the horizontal straight line distance between the deformation point with the largest time series deformation variable and the deformation point with the smallest time series deformation variable, the absolute difference of the time series deformation variables between the two deformation points, and the incident angle of the satellite radar wave.

[0199] Specifically, Figure 4As shown in the figure, without considering the east-west deformation, the inclination angle β is selected as the monitoring variable. In order to monitor the expected damage of the building, the differential settlement of the building is calculated according to the serviceability limit state (SLS) standard.

[0200] The maximum vertical differential settlement δ is the maximum difference in vertical displacement between the deformation point with the largest temporal deformation variable and the deformation point with the smallest temporal deformation variable. The calculation formula is shown in formula (23).

[0201]

[0202] Among them, D min_los and D max_los is the minimum and maximum time series deformation of the building measured along the satellite line of sight during the monitoring period. LOS represents the maximum differential settlement measured along the satellite line of sight at two measurement points, and θ represents the satellite radar wave incident angle.

[0203] The tilt angle β is calculated according to formula (24):

[0204]

[0205] Wherein, L is the horizontal straight line distance between the deformation point with the largest temporal deformation variable and the deformation point with the smallest temporal deformation variable.

[0206] S8: Monitoring the deformation of the building according to the inclination angle of the building and the inclination angle threshold.

[0207] Specifically, according to the requirements of the SLS standard, the tilt angle threshold can be set to 1 / 500rad. When the tilt angle of the building is greater than or equal to the tilt angle threshold, an early warning is issued to indicate that the building is deformed too much and there is a safety risk. When the tilt angle is less than the tilt angle threshold, it means that the building is deformed less and is relatively safe, and no early warning is needed.

[0208] The above monitoring method of this application and the traditional MT-InSAR method are used to Figure 4 The monitoring experiment was carried out by magnifying the deformation of the building at two locations in the middle, and the monitoring results obtained by the two methods were compared. Figure 6 It can be seen that the deformation rates obtained by the two methods are highly consistent. Figure 7 It can be seen that the cumulative sedimentation obtained by the two methods is also highly consistent. Therefore, it can be seen that the monitoring results obtained by the monitoring method of the present application are basically consistent with the monitoring results obtained by the traditional MT-InSAR method. Figure 8It can be seen that the time spent on obtaining monitoring results when using the monitoring method of the present application is greatly reduced compared with the time spent on obtaining monitoring results when using the traditional MT-InSAR method. Figure 8 Six sets of data were compared in the paper, and each set of data showed that the monitoring method of the present application takes less time. Therefore, the monitoring method of the present application not only improves the timeliness of the solution, but also maintains the high accuracy of the solution result, which is suitable for continuous and rapid monitoring of buildings.

[0209] In addition, if Figure 5 From the deformation curve obtained, it can be seen that the deformation trends of multiple deformation points are consistent, which further proves that when the monitoring method of the present application is used to monitor and analyze the building, the settlement trends at different points of the building are the same within the same time period. This characteristic is consistent with the settlement changes of the actual building. Figure 5 The deformation curve shown in the figure can be used to further study the deformation trend. Combined with the deformation rate, the deformation trend and deformation rate of the building can be obtained, thereby providing early warning for rapid deformation.

[0210] like Fig. 9 As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a building deformation monitoring system based on multi-temporal InSAR technology, including:

[0211] The initial differential interferogram acquisition module 100 is used to obtain multiple initial differential interferograms based on multiple acquired SAR images and DEM data of the building location, wherein the SAR image includes the area where the monitored building is located, and any one image from the multiple SAR images is selected as the initial SAR image.

[0212] The initial terrain error analysis module 200 is used to solve the multiple initial differential interferograms after filtering by using the multi-temporal InSAR technology to obtain the initial terrain error of each initial differential interferogram.

[0213] The initial time-series deformation analysis module 300 is used to obtain the initial time-series deformation according to the initial terrain error, the initial differential interferogram and the initial SAR image.

[0214] The newly added differential interferogram acquisition module 400 is used to obtain a newly added differential interferogram according to the acquired newly added SAR image and the DEM data.

[0215] The time series deformation updating module 500 is used to calculate the current terrain error and the current time series deformation according to the terrain error obtained last time, the time series deformation obtained last time and the newly added differential interference map after filtering, using multi-temporal InSAR technology and sequential adjustment method.

[0216] The deformation point extraction module 600 is used to extract a plurality of deformation points within the building according to the current time series deformation amount.

[0217] The tilt angle analysis module 700 is used to obtain the tilt angle of the building according to the time series deformation amount of the multiple deformation points, the horizontal straight line distance between the multiple deformation points and the incident angle of the satellite radar wave.

[0218] The deformation monitoring module 800 is used to monitor the deformation of the building according to the inclination angle of the building and the inclination angle threshold.

[0219] An embodiment of the present application provides a storage medium storing a computer program for building deformation monitoring based on multi-temporal InSAR technology, wherein the computer program enables a computer to execute the building deformation monitoring method based on multi-temporal InSAR technology as described above.

[0220] An electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application includes:

[0221] One or more processors; a memory; and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and are configured to be executed by the one or more processors, and the programs include methods for executing the building deformation monitoring method based on the multi-temporal InSAR technology as described above.

[0222] The beneficial effects of the building deformation monitoring system, storage medium and electronic device based on multi-temporal InSAR technology in this example are the same as the beneficial effects of the building deformation monitoring method based on multi-temporal InSAR technology mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

[0223] In summary, compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0224] 1. The method combining multi-temporal InSAR technology and sequential adjustment method (RIDER method for short) is used to solve the current terrain error and the current time series deformation. With the increase of SAR data, only the newly added SAR images need to be differentially interferometrically analyzed, and there is no need to repeat the analysis of historical SAR images. The terrain error and the time series deformation obtained last time can be used to directly obtain the current terrain error and the current time series deformation, which reduces the complexity of analysis and does not significantly increase the analysis time. The amount of data of each newly added SAR image is equivalent to that of the initially obtained SAR image. Therefore, when the time series deformation is updated each time, the analysis speed can basically maintain the same level as the initial analysis speed, and the analysis efficiency is high, so that the analysis speed can always be maintained at a high level. Since the update speed of the current time series deformation can be maintained at a high level, the inclination angle of the building can be updated in time, so the response speed of the deformation monitoring of the building is fast, and the rapid and continuous deformation monitoring of the building can be realized.

[0225] 2. Before performing differential interferometry analysis on images, the satellite orbit tilt error is removed based on the SAR image to eliminate the influence of satellite orbit tilt and improve the accuracy of the SAR image. In addition, the DEM data is further combined to perform differential interferometry and terrain phase removal operations on the above SAR images to reduce the influence of terrain phase on subsequent analysis, which is conducive to improving the analysis accuracy and reducing the magnitude of analysis data.

[0226] 3. Before solving and analyzing the differential interference pattern, the differential interference pattern or the newly added differential interference pattern is subjected to multiple filtering processes to improve the consistency of the building and reduce noise interference.

[0227] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the statement "comprise one..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0228] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A building deformation monitoring method based on multi-temporal InSAR technology, characterized in that: include: According to the acquired multiple SAR images and DEM data of the building location, a plurality of initial differential interferograms are obtained, wherein the SAR image includes the area where the monitored building is located, and any one of the multiple SAR images is selected as the initial SAR image; The multi-temporal InSAR technology is used to solve the multiple initial differential interferograms after filtering to obtain the initial terrain error of each initial differential interferogram; Obtaining an initial time-series deformation amount according to the initial terrain error, the initial differential interferogram and the initial SAR image; Obtaining a new differential interferogram based on the acquired new SAR image and the DEM data; According to the terrain error obtained previously, the time series deformation obtained previously and the newly added differential interferogram after filtering, the multi-temporal InSAR technology and sequential adjustment method are used to calculate and obtain the current terrain error and the current time series deformation; Extracting a plurality of deformation points within the building according to the current time series deformation amount; Obtaining the inclination angle of the building according to the time series deformation amounts of the plurality of deformation points, the horizontal straight line distances between the plurality of deformation points and the incident angle of the satellite radar wave; The deformation of the building is monitored according to the inclination angle of the building and the inclination angle threshold.

2. The building deformation monitoring method based on multi-temporal InSAR technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Before solving the initial terrain error, the method further includes: performing multiple filtering processes on the differential interference pattern; Before solving the current terrain error, the method further includes: performing multiple filtering processes on the newly added differential interference pattern; wherein the filtering windows and filtering steps used in the multiple filtering processes are successively reduced.

3. The building deformation monitoring method based on multi-temporal InSAR technology according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The method of obtaining a plurality of initial differential interferograms based on the acquired plurality of SAR images and DEM data of the location of the building comprises: The multiple acquired SAR images are registered and the satellite orbit tilt error is corrected to obtain a corrected SAR image; The corrected SAR image is subjected to differential interferometry, and the terrain phase is removed according to the DEM data to obtain the initial differential interferogram.

4. The building deformation monitoring method based on multi-temporal InSAR technology according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The multi-phase InSAR technology is used to solve the multiple initial differential interferograms after filtering to obtain the initial terrain error of each initial differential interferogram, including: According to the principle of multi-temporal InSAR, the expression of the phase difference between two adjacent points on the initial differential interferogram is obtained as follows: in, represents the phase difference between two adjacent points q and p on the kth initial differential interferogram, k = 1, ..., M, v q,p represents the initial deformation rate between two adjacent points q and p on the initial differential interference pattern, dh q,p represents the initial terrain error between two adjacent points q and p on the initial differential interferogram, λ represents the satellite radar wavelength, R represents the distance from the satellite to the target, θ represents the incident angle of the satellite radar wave, and B ⊥,k represents the vertical baseline of the kth interferogram, Δt k represents the time baseline of the kth interferogram, and W1 represents the error term of the phase difference; Assume that the observation matrix of the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram is The design matrix of the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram is i=1,…,M, the parameter matrix of the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram is x topo =[v q,p dh q,p ] T , then L = Ax topo +W1; The parameter matrix x of the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram is obtained by solving the WLS method. topo And the corresponding covariance matrix Q x They are: x topo =(A T PA) -1 A T PL Q x =(A T PA) -1 Where P = (D p,q ) -1 , D p,q =D p +D q , D p represents the variance-covariance matrix of the interference phase vector at point p, D q represents the variance-covariance matrix of the q-point interference phase vector, D p,q represents the variance-covariance matrix between point p and point q, and P represents the initial weight matrix; The parameter matrix obtained by solving is combined with x topo =[v q,p dh q,p ] T Compare and obtain the initial terrain error.

5. The building deformation monitoring method based on multi-temporal InSAR technology as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the initial time series deformation amount according to the initial terrain error, the initial differential interferogram and the initial SAR image comprises: Obtaining a differential phase of each of the initial differential interferograms according to the initial terrain error and the initial differential interferogram; Obtaining the initial time-series deformation amount according to the differential phase of each of the initial differential interferograms and the initial SAR image; The expression of the temporal deformation variable sequence of the initial differential interference pattern is: in, represents the deformation phase difference between two adjacent points in the i-th interference pattern, φ i represents the cumulative deformation phase difference between two adjacent points on the i-th SAR image in the line of sight direction, i = 1,…,M, W2 represents the error term of the time series deformation variable; Assume that the observation matrix of the time series deformation variable of the initial differential interference pattern is The parameter matrix of the temporal deformation of the initial differential interferogram is: The design matrix of the time series deformation of the initial differential interferogram is: but The parameter matrix of the time series deformation of the initial differential interferogram is obtained by solving the WLS method. And the corresponding covariance matrix Q d They are: Q d =(B T PB) -1 The parameter matrix of the time series shape variable obtained by the solution is combined with By comparison, the initial time series deformation of each point on the SAR image is obtained.

6. The building deformation monitoring method based on multi-temporal InSAR technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The process of obtaining the current terrain error includes: According to the principle of multi-temporal InSAR, the expression of the phase difference between two adjacent points on the newly added differential interferogram is obtained as follows: L′=A′x t ′ opo +W1′ Where L′ represents the observation value matrix of the phase difference of the newly added differential interferogram, A′ represents the design matrix of the phase difference of the newly added differential interferogram, and x t ' opo represents the parameter matrix of the phase difference of the newly added differential interferogram, W1′ represents the error term of the phase difference of the newly added differential interferogram; According to the principle of sequential adjustment, the current parameter matrix X of the phase difference of all image data topo and the corresponding cofactor matrix They are: Among them, P′ represents the newly added weight matrix, x topo The parameter matrix representing the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram, Q x The parameter matrix x representing the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram topo The corresponding covariance matrix; Based on matrix inversion theory, X topo The corresponding cofactor matrix After inverse simplification, we get: in, Q J =(P′) -1 +A′Q x (A′) T , According to the solved parameter matrix, the current terrain error is obtained; The process of obtaining the current time series shape variable includes: According to the current terrain error, the previous time series deformation is corrected. The correction formula is: in, represents the modified observation value matrix of the previous time series deformation, L represents the observation value matrix of the phase difference of the initial differential interferogram, and h′ represents the current terrain error; The current temporal shape variable sequence L d The expression of ′ is: Among them, L3′ represents the observation value matrix of the time series deformation variable of the newly added differential interferogram, B1 represents the design matrix composed of images that do not participate in the differential interferometry update in the historical SAR images, B2 represents the design matrix composed of images that have differential interference with the newly added SAR images in the historical SAR images, B2′ represents the design matrix composed of images that have differential interference with the newly added SAR images and the historical SAR images, and B3′ represents the design matrix composed of images that do not participate in the differential interferometry update in the newly added SAR images. The parameter matrix representing the historical SAR image single differential interferometry, The parameter matrix representing the differential interferometry between the historical SAR image and the newly added SAR image, represents the parameter matrix of the newly added SAR image separate differential interferometry, According to the principle of sequential adjustment, we get: in, Represents the current parameter matrix The corresponding cofactor matrix, The parameter matrix representing the temporal deformation of the initial differential interferogram, Q d The parameter matrix representing the temporal deformation of the initial differential interferogram The corresponding covariance matrix; Based on matrix inversion theory, The corresponding cofactor matrix After inverse simplification, we get: in, represents the current parameter matrix, The current temporal shape variable d is:

7. The building deformation monitoring method based on multi-temporal InSAR technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the inclination angle of the building according to the time series deformation amounts of the plurality of deformation points, the horizontal straight line distances between the plurality of deformation points and the incident angle of the satellite radar wave comprises: Comparing the time series deformation amounts of the plurality of deformation points, and determining the deformation point with the largest time series deformation amount and the deformation point with the smallest time series deformation amount; The tilt angle of the building is obtained based on the horizontal straight-line distance between the deformation point with the largest time-series deformation and the deformation point with the smallest time-series deformation, the absolute difference of the time-series deformation between the two deformation points, and the incident angle of the satellite radar wave.

8. A building deformation monitoring system based on multi-temporal InSAR technology, characterized in that: include: An initial differential interferogram acquisition module is used to obtain a plurality of initial differential interferograms according to a plurality of acquired SAR images and DEM data of the location of the building, wherein the SAR image includes the area where the monitored building is located, and any one of the plurality of SAR images is selected as the initial SAR image; An initial terrain error analysis module is used to solve the multiple initial differential interferograms after filtering using multi-temporal InSAR technology to obtain the initial terrain error of each initial differential interferogram; An initial time-series deformation analysis module, used to obtain an initial time-series deformation according to the initial terrain error, the initial differential interferogram and the initial SAR image; A new differential interferogram acquisition module is added, which is used to obtain a new differential interferogram according to the acquired new SAR image and the DEM data; The time series deformation updating module is used to calculate the current terrain error and the current time series deformation according to the terrain error obtained last time, the time series deformation obtained last time and the newly added differential interference map after filtering, using the multi-temporal InSAR technology and sequential adjustment method; A deformation point extraction module, used to extract a plurality of deformation points within the building according to the current time series deformation amount; The tilt angle analysis module is used to obtain the tilt angle of the building according to the time series deformation amount of the plurality of deformation points, the horizontal straight line distance between the plurality of deformation points and the incident angle of the satellite radar wave; The deformation monitoring module is used to monitor the deformation of the building according to the inclination angle of the building and the inclination angle threshold.

9. A storage medium, characterized in that: It stores a computer program for building deformation monitoring based on multi-temporal InSAR technology, wherein the computer program enables the computer to execute the building deformation monitoring method based on multi-temporal InSAR technology as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: one or more processors; Memory; and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and are configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the programs including instructions for executing the building deformation monitoring method based on multi-temporal InSAR technology as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images