River and lake ecological restoration method and system for hydraulic engineering

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of river and lake ecological restoration, in particular to a river and lake ecological restoration method and system for a water conservancy project, and the river and lake ecological restoration specific process during the construction of a hydropower station comprises the following steps: collecting a hydrological ecological data set of a river and lake water body in a construction period in real time, and obtaining an ecological disturbance data matrix; constructing a river and lake ecological disturbance classification model to analyze the ecological disturbance data matrix, generating pollutant data, and obtaining an ecological disturbance type and region; establishing a temporary ecological buffer zone in the construction area according to the ecological disturbance type and the area; constructing an ecological restoration collaborative model based on the hydrological ecological data set to comprehensively analyze the ecological disturbance type and region and the temporary ecological buffer zone, and obtaining a real-time comprehensive abnormal coefficient of the river and lake ecology; and analyzing the real-time comprehensive abnormal coefficient of the river and lake ecology, comprehensively considering pollutant data, and obtaining the restoration priority of the disturbance area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of river and lake ecological restoration, and in particular to a river and lake ecological restoration method and system for water conservancy projects. Background Art

[0002] River and lake ecosystems play a vital role in water resource regulation, and their health status is directly related to regional ecological balance and biodiversity. However, during the construction of hydropower stations, large-scale earth excavation, shoreline reconstruction, construction wastewater discharge and sediment disturbance activities usually lead to water pollution and a decrease in biodiversity. Sediment sedimentation, waste discharge and increased turbidity during construction will have a significant impact on water quality, destroy the habitat of aquatic organisms, and thus lead to the disappearance of some species and a sharp decline in biodiversity; in addition, the water purification, material circulation and ecological regulation functions of river and lake ecosystems are also significantly disturbed during the construction period, making it difficult to maintain a dynamic balance.

[0003] Existing ecological restoration technologies mainly focus on long-term management and restoration after construction is completed, such as water oxygenation, submerged plant planting, ecological revetment construction, and pollutant interception. However, these methods are usually designed for static ecological environments and are difficult to cope with the complex environment of dynamic disturbances during the construction period. Especially during the construction of hydropower stations, the hydrological conditions of rivers and lakes change rapidly. The response speed and flexibility of existing restoration measures are difficult to meet actual needs, resulting in a lag in ecological protection work during the construction period. Although some ecological protection strategies have begun to try to focus on the restoration needs during the construction period in recent years, there are still problems such as insufficient real-time monitoring, limited dynamic restoration capabilities, and insufficient coordination between construction disturbance and restoration.

[0004] Therefore, a river and lake ecological restoration method and system for water conservancy projects are proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a river and lake ecological restoration method and system for water conservancy projects. The specific process of river and lake ecological restoration during the construction of a hydropower station includes: real-time collection of hydrological and ecological data sets of river and lake water bodies during the construction period to obtain an ecological disturbance data matrix; constructing a river and lake ecological disturbance classification model to analyze the ecological disturbance data matrix, generate pollutant data, and obtain ecological disturbance types and areas; according to the ecological disturbance types and areas, a temporary ecological buffer zone is established in the construction area; based on the hydrological and ecological data set, an ecological restoration collaborative model is constructed to comprehensively analyze the ecological disturbance types and areas and the temporary ecological buffer zone to obtain a real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology; the real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology is analyzed, and the pollutant data is comprehensively considered to obtain the restoration priority of the disturbance area.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method and system for river and lake ecological restoration for water conservancy projects, the specific process of river and lake ecological restoration during hydropower station construction includes: Through IoT sensor equipment and remote sensing technology, real-time monitoring and collection of hydrological ecological data sets of rivers and lakes during the construction period were carried out to obtain the ecological disturbance data matrix during the construction period; Constructing a river and lake ecological disturbance classification model to analyze the ecological disturbance data matrix and generate pollutant data; obtaining ecological disturbance types and regions based on the pollutant data; According to the ecological disturbance type and area, a temporary ecological buffer zone is established in the construction area; a temporary aquatic habitat is arranged in the temporary ecological buffer zone; Based on the hydrological ecological data set, an ecological restoration collaborative model is constructed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the ecological disturbance types and regions and temporary ecological buffer zones to obtain the real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology; the specific calculation formula of the real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology is: ; in, It is the first Real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of each region, is the disturbance intensity weight, The disturbance area The disturbance intensity, Adjust the effect weight for the buffer zone, The disturbance area The buffer zone adjustment effect; The real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of the river and lake ecology is analyzed, and the pollutant data is comprehensively considered to obtain the restoration priority of the disturbed area.

[0007] Preferably, the hydrological ecological data set includes water quality parameter data, turbidity change data, vegetation coverage data and sediment disturbance intensity data; The water quality parameter data include dissolved oxygen, pH value and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations; The turbidity change data is used to obtain the concentration of suspended particles in the water body; The vegetation coverage data is used to obtain the coverage ratio of shoreline vegetation; The sediment disturbance intensity data is used for the movement amplitude of sediment sediments.

[0008] Preferably, the river and lake ecological disturbance classification model includes a data processing layer, a feature extraction layer, a disturbance classification layer and a result output layer; The data processing layer obtains a standard ecological disturbance data matrix by preprocessing the ecological disturbance data matrix; the preprocessing includes data cleaning and normalization processing; The feature extraction layer extracts the hydrological ecological feature vectors of river and lake ecology in multiple time periods by analyzing the standard ecological disturbance data matrix; The disturbance classification layer obtains disturbance type and pollutant data by performing disturbance classification on the hydrological ecological characteristic vector; the pollutant data includes pollutant concentration, disturbance range area and disturbance factor weight; The result output layer generates a disturbance area map by analyzing the disturbance type; the disturbance area map is used to mark the disturbance type and range of each area.

[0009] Preferably, the temporary ecological buffer zone includes a physical interception layer, a sedimentation filtration layer and a biological adsorption layer; The temporary aquatic habitats include floating plant islands, underwater vegetation frames and aquatic pathways; Determine the location, scope and function of temporary ecological buffer zones through real-time analysis of ecological disturbance types and areas; A mobile temporary aquatic habitat is set up in the temporary ecological buffer zone.

[0010] Preferably, the ecological restoration collaborative model includes a data input layer, a disturbance analysis layer, a restoration coordination layer and an anomaly coefficient output layer; The data input layer obtains an ecological disturbance data set by preprocessing the ecological disturbance data matrix and the ecological disturbance area and type; the preprocessing includes denoising and normalization processing; The disturbance analysis layer is used to analyze the impact of different disturbance types and regions on river and lake ecosystems during the construction period, generate disturbance factors for each region, and obtain regional disturbance intensity; the disturbance factors include physical disturbance factors, chemical disturbance factors, and biological disturbance factors; The restoration coordination layer generates the regulation effect of the buffer zone on the disturbance by comprehensively analyzing the pollutant concentration distribution, disturbance range area, disturbance intensity and temporary ecological buffer zone in each area; The anomaly coefficient output layer generates a real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology by analyzing the regional disturbance intensity and the regulating effect of the buffer zone on the disturbance.

[0011] Preferably, the specific calculation formula of the regional disturbance intensity is: ; in, For the The disturbance intensity of the disturbance area, The disturbance area The number of disturbance factors, For the The weight of the perturbation factor, The disturbance area Medium disturbance factor The actual disturbance data, The disturbance area Medium disturbance factor Standard perturbation data of; The specific calculation formula of the buffer zone's regulating effect on disturbance is: ; in, For the The buffer zone adjustment effect of each region, is the pollution area weight, The disturbance area The polluted area, is the weight of the repair measures on the adjustment effect, The disturbance area Effect of restoration measures in the middle buffer zone on disturbance factors purification efficiency.

[0012] Preferably, the calculation formula for the disturbance area repair priority is: ; in, For the Area repair priority, It is the first Real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient weights for each region, It is the first Real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of each region, For the The buffer zone adjustment effect weights of each region, For the The buffer zone adjustment effect of each region, For the The disturbance intensity weight of the disturbance area, For the The disturbance intensity of the disturbance area, is the maximum value function, The disturbance area The weight of the polluted area, The disturbance area Medium polluted area.

[0013] A river and lake ecological restoration system for water conservancy projects. The specific process of river and lake ecological restoration during hydropower station construction includes: The data acquisition unit uses IoT sensor equipment and remote sensing technology to monitor and collect hydrological and ecological data sets of rivers and lakes during the construction period in real time, and obtain the ecological disturbance data matrix during the construction period; A classification model building unit is used to build a river and lake ecological disturbance classification model to analyze the ecological disturbance data matrix and generate pollutant data; based on the pollutant data, the ecological disturbance type and area are obtained; The buffer zone setting unit establishes a temporary ecological buffer zone in the construction area according to the ecological disturbance type and area; and arranges a temporary aquatic habitat in the temporary ecological buffer zone; The anomaly coefficient acquisition unit constructs an ecological restoration collaborative model based on the hydrological ecological data set to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the ecological disturbance type and region and temporary ecological buffer zone to obtain a real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology; the specific calculation formula of the real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology is: ; in, It is the first Real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of each region, is the disturbance intensity weight, The disturbance area The disturbance intensity, Adjust the effect weight for the buffer zone, The disturbance area The buffer zone adjustment effect; The restoration priority acquisition unit analyzes the real-time comprehensive abnormal coefficient of the river and lake ecology, comprehensively considers the pollutant data, and obtains the restoration priority of the disturbed area.

[0014] Preferably, the ecological restoration collaborative model includes a data input layer, a disturbance analysis layer, a restoration coordination layer and an anomaly coefficient output layer; The data input layer obtains an ecological disturbance data set by preprocessing the ecological disturbance data matrix and the ecological disturbance area and type; the preprocessing includes denoising and normalization processing; The disturbance analysis layer is used to analyze the impact of different disturbance types and regions on river and lake ecosystems during the construction period, generate disturbance factors for each region, and obtain regional disturbance intensity; the disturbance factors include physical disturbance factors, chemical disturbance factors, and biological disturbance factors; The restoration coordination layer generates the regulation effect of the buffer zone on the disturbance by comprehensively analyzing the pollutant concentration distribution, disturbance range area, disturbance intensity and temporary ecological buffer zone in each area; The anomaly coefficient output layer generates a real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology by analyzing the regional disturbance intensity and the regulating effect of the buffer zone on the disturbance.

[0015] Preferably, the calculation formula for the disturbance area repair priority is: ; in, For the Area repair priority, It is the first Real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient weights for each region, It is the first Real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of each region, For the The buffer zone of each region adjusts the effect weight. For the The buffer zone adjustment effect of each region, For the The disturbance intensity weight of the disturbance area, For the The disturbance intensity of the disturbance area, is the maximum value function, The disturbance area The pollution area weight is The disturbance area Medium polluted area.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention constructs a river and lake ecological disturbance classification model, analyzes the ecological disturbance data matrix through the data processing layer, feature extraction layer, disturbance classification layer and result output layer, obtains multidimensional parameters such as pollutant concentration, disturbance range area and disturbance factor weight, further identifies the disturbance type and area, and generates a disturbance area map; through the analysis of multidimensional ecological data, accurately identifies the pollution source and scope, and provides a data basis for subsequent restoration.

[0017] 2. The present invention constructs an ecological restoration collaborative model, which collaboratively restores river and lake ecological disturbances by comprehensively analyzing the types of ecological disturbances and the functions of regional and temporary ecological buffer zones; obtains the real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology through a comprehensive analysis of key parameters such as regional disturbance intensity, buffer zone regulation effect, pollutant concentration distribution, disturbance range area and purification efficiency; the anomaly coefficient combines the regional disturbance intensity and the regulation effect of the buffer zone function, and quantifies the real-time impact of disturbance on ecology through the model, providing a reliable scientific basis for optimizing the restoration strategy.

[0018] 3. The present invention scientifically evaluates the restoration priority of each area by comprehensively considering the real-time comprehensive abnormal coefficient of river and lake ecology, the buffer zone regulation effect and the regional disturbance intensity, and combining dynamic parameters such as the pollution area and the purification efficiency of the restoration measures on the disturbance factors. Through real-time analysis and calculation, the restoration order can be dynamically adjusted, and high abnormal areas can be treated first, thereby optimizing the allocation of ecological restoration resources and improving restoration efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1A schematic diagram of a process flow of a river and lake ecological restoration method for water conservancy projects provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a river and lake ecological restoration system for water conservancy projects provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the river and lake ecological disturbance classification model provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ecological restoration collaborative model provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The present invention provides a river and lake ecological restoration method for water conservancy projects. The method is applied to a river and lake ecological restoration system for water conservancy projects. The specific method flow chart and system structure diagram refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0022] Embodiment 1 As an embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 1 S10 in the figure is applied to a data acquisition unit of a river and lake ecological restoration system for water conservancy projects. The data acquisition unit uses Internet of Things sensing equipment and remote sensing technology to monitor and collect hydrological ecological data sets of river and lake water bodies during the construction period in real time, and obtains an ecological disturbance data matrix during the construction period.

[0023] Furthermore, the hydrological ecological data set includes water quality parameter data, turbidity change data, vegetation coverage data and sediment disturbance intensity data; The water quality parameter data include dissolved oxygen, pH value and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations; the turbidity change data is used to obtain the concentration of suspended particles in the water body; the vegetation coverage data is used to obtain the coverage ratio of shoreline vegetation; and the sediment disturbance intensity data is used to measure the movement amplitude of sediment sediments.

[0024] Among them, water quality parameters are used to reflect the health status and pollution level of water bodies and evaluate the chemical impact of construction wastewater discharge on the ecosystem; turbidity change data evaluates the impact of construction disturbances (such as excavation and silt deposition) on the habitat of aquatic organisms by monitoring the concentration changes of suspended particulate matter in the water body; vegetation cover data monitors the coverage ratio of shoreline vegetation through remote sensing or photography technology to evaluate the degree of damage to shoreline ecosystems (such as habitats in the water-land transition zone) caused by construction activities; sediment disturbance intensity data evaluates the impact of construction equipment (such as piling or excavation equipment) on benthic organisms and water quality stability by monitoring the movement amplitude of sediment sediments.

[0025] The ecological disturbance data matrix is ​​the basic structure for organizing and analyzing the data collected during construction, and is used to describe the multidimensional characteristics of construction disturbance; The ecological disturbance data matrix is ​​composed of the water quality parameter matrix , turbidity change rate matrix , vegetation coverage matrix and sediment disturbance intensity matrix constitute.

[0026] The present invention uses Internet of Things sensing equipment and remote sensing technology to monitor and collect multi-dimensional hydrological ecological data of river and lake water bodies during the construction period in real time, including key indicators such as water quality parameters, turbidity changes, vegetation coverage and sediment disturbance intensity, and constructs an ecological disturbance data matrix to reflect the impact on the ecosystem during the construction period. It also provides a scientific basis for disturbance type classification analysis and ecological restoration, which helps to improve the real-time and targeted nature of river and lake ecological protection.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 S20 in the figure is applied to a classification model construction unit of a river and lake ecological restoration system for water conservancy projects. The classification model construction unit constructs a river and lake ecological disturbance classification model to analyze the ecological disturbance data matrix and generate pollutant data; based on the pollutant data, the ecological disturbance type and area are obtained.

[0028] The river and lake ecological disturbance classification model uses support vector machines to supervise and classify multidimensional disturbance data to classify different disturbance types; K-means clustering clusters unlabeled disturbance data to discover potential disturbance patterns and regional characteristics; random forests construct disturbance classification models and optimize classification weights through parameter importance analysis; In this embodiment, the state of rivers and lakes in the hydropower station construction area is collected through Internet of Things sensing equipment and remote sensing technology, such as increased water turbidity, sediment disturbance, shoreline vegetation damage, etc., to construct a disturbance data matrix, and use the river and lake ecological disturbance classification model to analyze the disturbance data matrix. In addition, this embodiment also uses two other models to analyze the disturbance data matrix, each model is repeated 5 times, and the accuracy of the ecological disturbance area is calculated. The specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0029] Model 1 is the river and lake ecological disturbance classification model proposed by the present invention; Model 2 clusters the unlabeled disturbance data without adding K-means clustering on the basis of Model 1; Model 3 constructs a disturbance classification model using random forest on the basis of Model 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the river and lake ecological disturbance classification model provided in this embodiment can effectively improve the classification effect of the ecological disturbance area.

[0030] Table 1 Accuracy table of ecological disturbance areas

[0031] Furthermore, the river and lake ecological disturbance classification model includes a data processing layer, a feature extraction layer, a disturbance classification layer and a result output layer, see Figure 3 ; The data processing layer obtains a standard ecological disturbance data matrix by preprocessing the ecological disturbance data matrix; the preprocessing includes data cleaning and normalization processing; The feature extraction layer extracts the hydrological ecological feature vectors of multiple periods of river and lake ecology by analyzing the standard ecological disturbance data matrix. ; The disturbance classification layer classifies the hydrological ecological feature vector through SVM and random forest algorithm to obtain disturbance type and pollutant data; the pollutant data includes pollutant concentration, disturbance range area and disturbance factor weight; The result output layer generates a disturbance area map by analyzing the disturbance type; the disturbance area map is used to mark the disturbance type and range of each area.

[0032] In this embodiment, by constructing a river and lake ecological disturbance classification model, support vector machine, K-means clustering and random forest algorithm are used to classify and cluster multidimensional disturbance data to identify disturbance types and pollution characteristics. The model combines data preprocessing and feature extraction to generate a standard ecological disturbance data matrix and hydrological ecological feature vector, effectively optimizing the disturbance classification weight. The result output layer generates an intuitive disturbance area map, annotates the disturbance type and range, realizes the evaluation and management of construction disturbances, and provides a reliable basis for ecological restoration.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 S30 in the method is applied to a buffer zone setting unit of a river and lake ecological restoration system for a water conservancy project. The buffer zone setting unit establishes a temporary ecological buffer zone in the construction area according to the disturbance area map; a temporary aquatic habitat is arranged in the temporary ecological buffer zone; the disturbance area map includes ecological disturbance types and areas.

[0034] Furthermore, the temporary ecological buffer zone includes a physical interception layer, a sedimentation filtration layer and a biological adsorption layer; The temporary aquatic habitats include floating plant islands, underwater vegetation frames and aquatic pathways; Determine the location, scope and function of temporary ecological buffer zones through real-time analysis of ecological disturbance types and areas; A movable temporary aquatic habitat is set up in the temporary ecological buffer zone.

[0035] In this embodiment, a temporary ecological buffer zone with physical interception, sedimentation filtration and biological adsorption functions is constructed through the buffer zone setting unit according to the type and area of ​​ecological disturbance in rivers and lakes during the construction period, and a temporary aquatic habitat including floating plant islands, underwater vegetation frames and aquatic biological channels is laid out. This design can dynamically adjust the position and range of the buffer zone, improve the interception and repair capabilities of pollutants, and provide temporary habitats for aquatic organisms, effectively alleviate the impact of construction on river and lake ecosystems, and enhance the accuracy and flexibility of ecological restoration.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 S40 in which S40 is applied to an abnormal coefficient acquisition unit of a river and lake ecological restoration system for a water conservancy project, and the abnormal coefficient acquisition unit constructs an ecological restoration collaborative model based on the hydrological ecological data set to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the ecological disturbance type and region and the temporary ecological buffer zone to obtain a real-time comprehensive abnormal coefficient of river and lake ecology; Furthermore, the ecological restoration collaborative model includes a data input layer, a disturbance analysis layer, a restoration coordination layer and an anomaly coefficient output layer, see Figure 4 ; The data input layer obtains an ecological disturbance data set by preprocessing the ecological disturbance data matrix and the ecological disturbance area and type; the preprocessing includes denoising and normalization processing; The disturbance analysis layer is used to analyze the impact of different disturbance types and regions on river and lake ecosystems during the construction period, generate disturbance factors for each region, and obtain regional disturbance intensity; the disturbance factors include physical disturbance factors, chemical disturbance factors, and biological disturbance factors; The restoration coordination layer generates the regulation effect of the buffer zone on the disturbance by comprehensively analyzing the pollutant concentration distribution, disturbance range area, disturbance intensity and temporary ecological buffer zone in each area; The anomaly coefficient output layer generates a real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology by analyzing the regional disturbance intensity and the regulating effect of the buffer zone on the disturbance.

[0037] In this embodiment, the abnormal coefficient acquisition unit uses the ecological restoration collaborative model to comprehensively analyze the ecological disturbance type, regional characteristics and buffer zone regulation effect, and generate a real-time comprehensive abnormal coefficient of river and lake ecology. The real-time calculation of the abnormal coefficient can accurately reflect the degree of ecological abnormality, provide a scientific basis for ecological restoration during the construction period, and help improve the pertinence of restoration measures and the real-time nature of effect evaluation.

[0038] Furthermore, the specific calculation formula of the regional disturbance intensity is: ; in, For the The disturbance intensity of the disturbance area, The disturbance area The number of disturbance factors, For the The weight of the perturbation factor, The disturbance area Medium disturbance factor The actual disturbance data, The disturbance area Medium disturbance factor Standard perturbation data of; The specific calculation formula of the buffer zone's regulating effect on disturbance is: ; in, For the The buffer zone adjustment effect of each region, is the pollution area weight, The disturbance area The polluted area, is the weight of the repair measures on the adjustment effect, The disturbance area Effect of restoration measures in the middle buffer zone on disturbance factors Purification efficiency; The specific calculation formula of the real-time comprehensive abnormal coefficient of river and lake ecology is: ; in, It is the first Real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of each region, is the disturbance intensity weight, The disturbance area The disturbance intensity, Adjust the effect weight for the buffer zone, The disturbance area The buffer zone adjustment effect.

[0039] This embodiment quantifies the abnormal characteristics of river and lake ecology through mathematical models, and calculates the regional disturbance intensity, buffer zone adjustment effect and real-time comprehensive abnormal coefficient. The formula comprehensively considers the degree of deviation between the actual value of the disturbance factor and the standard value, the effect of the pollution area and purification efficiency, dynamically evaluates the regional ecological restoration needs and effects, and provides scientific support for ecological protection and restoration during the construction period.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 S50 in which S50 is applied to a restoration priority acquisition unit of a river and lake ecological restoration system for a water conservancy project, the restoration priority acquisition unit analyzes the real-time comprehensive abnormal coefficient of the river and lake ecology, comprehensively considers the pollutant data, and acquires the restoration priority of the disturbance area; Furthermore, the calculation formula for the disturbance area repair priority is: ; in, For the Area repair priority, It is the first Real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient weights for each region, It is the first Real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of each region, For the The buffer zone of each region adjusts the effect weight. For the The buffer zone adjustment effect of each region, For the The disturbance intensity weight of the disturbance area, For the The disturbance intensity of the disturbance area, is the maximum value function, The disturbance area The pollution area weight is The disturbance area Medium polluted area.

[0041] A hydropower station is built in the A basin. Three disturbance areas are obtained through real-time monitoring, and the restoration priorities of the three disturbance areas are obtained. Please refer to Table 2 for details. The three disturbance areas are Area 1, Area 2 and Area 3 in Table 2. The real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology is the anomaly coefficient. Table 2 Regional repair priority table

[0042] By sorting the repair priorities in Table 2, area 3 is repaired first.

[0043] This embodiment uses a restoration priority acquisition unit to quantify the restoration priority of each area based on the real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology, combined with pollutant data and buffer zone characteristics; by fully considering key factors such as anomaly coefficient, buffer zone adjustment effect and disturbance intensity, the importance of regional ecological restoration is dynamically evaluated, the efficiency and accuracy of ecological restoration work are improved, and reliable decision-making support is provided for ecological protection during the construction period of water conservancy projects.

[0044] The present invention realizes accurate monitoring, classification, regulation and restoration optimization of ecological disturbances during the construction period through the river and lake ecological restoration system during the construction of the hydropower station. The data acquisition unit collects hydrological and ecological data in real time through the Internet of Things and remote sensing technology, comprehensively covers key indicators such as water quality, turbidity, vegetation and sediment disturbance, and constructs an ecological disturbance data matrix to provide a reliable basis for subsequent analysis. The classification model uses a multi-algorithm fusion method to accurately divide the disturbance type and area, and generate a visual disturbance area map. Combined with the ecological restoration collaborative model, the anomaly coefficient is dynamically calculated, the regulation effect and disturbance intensity of the buffer zone are comprehensively analyzed, and the regional ecological status is quantified. The restoration priority acquisition unit conducts in-depth analysis of the anomaly coefficient and pollutant data, scientifically evaluates the restoration priority of each region, and optimizes resource allocation. The overall system greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of river and lake ecological restoration, and provides an intelligent solution for ecological protection of water conservancy projects.

[0045] Embodiment 2 As an embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 1 S10 in the figure is applied to a data acquisition unit of a river and lake ecological restoration system for water conservancy projects. The data acquisition unit uses Internet of Things sensing equipment and remote sensing technology to monitor and collect hydrological ecological data sets of river and lake water bodies during the construction period in real time, and obtains an ecological disturbance data matrix during the construction period.

[0046] Furthermore, the hydrological ecological data set includes water quality parameter data, turbidity change data, vegetation coverage data and sediment disturbance intensity data; The water quality parameter data include dissolved oxygen, pH value and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations; the turbidity change data is used to obtain the concentration of suspended particles in the water body; the vegetation coverage data is used to obtain the coverage ratio of shoreline vegetation; and the sediment disturbance intensity data is used to measure the movement amplitude of sediment sediments.

[0047] Among them, water quality parameters are used to reflect the health status and pollution level of water bodies and evaluate the chemical impact of construction wastewater discharge on the ecosystem; turbidity change data evaluates the impact of construction disturbances (such as excavation and silt deposition) on the habitat of aquatic organisms by monitoring the concentration changes of suspended particulate matter in the water body; vegetation cover data monitors the coverage ratio of shoreline vegetation through remote sensing or photography technology to evaluate the degree of damage to shoreline ecosystems (such as habitats in the water-land transition zone) caused by construction activities; sediment disturbance intensity data evaluates the impact of construction equipment (such as piling or excavation equipment) on benthic organisms and water quality stability by monitoring the movement amplitude of sediment sediments.

[0048] The ecological disturbance data matrix is ​​the basic structure for organizing and analyzing the data collected during construction, and is used to describe the multidimensional characteristics of construction disturbance; The ecological disturbance data matrix is ​​composed of the water quality parameter matrix , turbidity change rate matrix , vegetation coverage matrix and sediment disturbance intensity matrix constitute.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 S20 in the figure is applied to a classification model construction unit of a river and lake ecological restoration system for water conservancy projects. The classification model construction unit constructs a river and lake ecological disturbance classification model to analyze the ecological disturbance data matrix and generate pollutant data; based on the pollutant data, the ecological disturbance type and area are obtained.

[0050] Furthermore, the river and lake ecological disturbance classification model includes a data processing layer, a feature extraction layer, a disturbance classification layer and a result output layer; The river and lake ecological disturbance classification model uses support vector machines to supervise and classify multidimensional disturbance data to classify different disturbance types; K-means clustering clusters unlabeled disturbance data to discover potential disturbance patterns and regional characteristics; random forests construct disturbance classification models and optimize classification weights through parameter importance analysis; The data processing layer obtains a standard ecological disturbance data matrix by preprocessing the ecological disturbance data matrix; the preprocessing includes data cleaning and normalization processing; The feature extraction layer extracts the hydrological ecological feature vectors of multiple periods of river and lake ecology by analyzing the standard ecological disturbance data matrix. ; The disturbance classification layer classifies the hydrological ecological feature vector through SVM and random forest algorithm to obtain disturbance type and pollutant data; the pollutant data includes pollutant concentration, disturbance range area and disturbance factor weight; The result output layer generates a disturbance area map by analyzing the disturbance type; the disturbance area map is used to mark the disturbance type and range of each area.

[0051] Reference Figure 1 S30 in the description is applied to a buffer zone setting unit of a river and lake ecological restoration system for a water conservancy project. The buffer zone setting unit establishes a temporary ecological buffer zone in the construction area based on the disturbance area map; and arranges a temporary aquatic habitat in the temporary ecological buffer zone.

[0052] Furthermore, the temporary ecological buffer zone includes a physical interception layer, a sedimentation filtration layer and a biological adsorption layer; The temporary aquatic habitats include floating plant islands, underwater vegetation frames and aquatic pathways; Determine the location, scope and function of temporary ecological buffer zones through real-time analysis of ecological disturbance types and areas; A movable temporary aquatic habitat is set up in the temporary ecological buffer zone.

[0053] Reference Figure 1 S40 in which S40 is applied to an abnormal coefficient acquisition unit of a river and lake ecological restoration system for a water conservancy project, and the abnormal coefficient acquisition unit constructs an ecological restoration collaborative model based on the hydrological ecological data set to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the ecological disturbance type and region and the temporary ecological buffer zone to obtain a real-time comprehensive abnormal coefficient of river and lake ecology; Furthermore, the ecological restoration collaborative model includes a data input layer, a disturbance analysis layer, a restoration coordination layer, and an anomaly coefficient output layer; The data input layer obtains an ecological disturbance data set by preprocessing the ecological disturbance data matrix and the ecological disturbance area and type; the preprocessing includes denoising and normalization processing; The disturbance analysis layer is used to analyze the impact of different disturbance types and regions on river and lake ecosystems during the construction period, generate disturbance factors for each region, and obtain regional disturbance intensity; the disturbance factors include physical disturbance factors, chemical disturbance factors, and biological disturbance factors; The restoration coordination layer generates the regulation effect of the buffer zone on the disturbance by comprehensively analyzing the pollutant concentration distribution, disturbance range area, disturbance intensity and temporary ecological buffer zone in each area; The anomaly coefficient output layer generates a real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology by analyzing the regional disturbance intensity and the regulating effect of the buffer zone on the disturbance.

[0054] Furthermore, the specific calculation formula of the regional disturbance intensity is: ; in, For the The disturbance intensity of the disturbance area, The disturbance area The number of disturbance factors, For the The weight of the perturbation factor, The disturbance area Medium disturbance factor The actual disturbance data, The disturbance area Medium disturbance factor Standard perturbation data of; The specific calculation formula of the buffer zone's regulating effect on disturbance is: ; in, For the The buffer zone adjustment effect of each region, is the pollution area weight, The disturbance area The polluted area, is the weight of the repair measures on the adjustment effect, The disturbance area Effect of restoration measures in the middle buffer zone on disturbance factors Purification efficiency; The specific calculation formula of the real-time comprehensive abnormal coefficient of river and lake ecology is: ; in, It is the first Real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of each region, is the disturbance intensity weight, The disturbance area The disturbance intensity, Adjust the effect weight for the buffer zone, The disturbance area The buffer zone adjustment effect.

[0055] Reference Figure 1 S50 in which S50 is applied to a restoration priority acquisition unit of a river and lake ecological restoration system for a water conservancy project, the restoration priority acquisition unit analyzes the real-time comprehensive abnormal coefficient of the river and lake ecology, comprehensively considers the pollutant data, and acquires the restoration priority of the disturbance area; Furthermore, the calculation formula for the disturbance area repair priority is: ; in, For the Area repair priority, It is the first Real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient weights for each region, It is the first Real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of each region, For the The buffer zone adjustment effect weights of each region, For the The buffer zone adjustment effect of each region, For the The disturbance intensity weight of the disturbance area, For the The disturbance intensity of the disturbance area, is the maximum value function, The disturbance area The weight of the polluted area, The disturbance area Medium polluted area.

[0056] The present invention provides a river and lake ecological restoration system for water conservancy projects, which realizes accurate management of ecological disturbances of rivers and lakes during the construction period through data monitoring, classification analysis, calculation of anomaly coefficients and restoration priority evaluation. The data acquisition unit uses the Internet of Things and remote sensing technology to collect multi-dimensional hydrological and ecological data such as water quality, turbidity, vegetation coverage and sediment disturbance in real time, and constructs an ecological disturbance data matrix to lay the foundation for subsequent analysis. The classification model uses a multi-algorithm combination method to accurately divide the disturbance type and area, and generate an intuitive disturbance area map. The ecological restoration collaborative model calculates the regional disturbance intensity and the buffer zone adjustment effect, generates a comprehensive anomaly coefficient in real time, and quantitatively evaluates the ecological disturbance state. The restoration priority acquisition unit combines the anomaly coefficient with the pollutant data to scientifically determine the regional restoration priority and optimize the restoration resource allocation. The overall system improves the efficiency and intelligence level of river and lake ecological restoration, and provides an efficient and accurate solution for the ecological protection of water conservancy projects.

[0057] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for river and lake ecological restoration for water conservancy projects, characterized in that: The specific process of river and lake ecological restoration during hydropower station construction includes: Through IoT sensor equipment and remote sensing technology, real-time monitoring and collection of hydrological ecological data sets of rivers and lakes during the construction period were carried out to obtain the ecological disturbance data matrix during the construction period; Constructing a river and lake ecological disturbance classification model to analyze the ecological disturbance data matrix and generate pollutant data; obtaining ecological disturbance types and regions based on the pollutant data; According to the ecological disturbance type and area, a temporary ecological buffer zone is established in the construction area; a temporary aquatic habitat is arranged in the temporary ecological buffer zone; Based on the hydrological ecological data set, an ecological restoration collaborative model is constructed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the ecological disturbance types and regions and temporary ecological buffer zones to obtain the real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology; the specific calculation formula of the real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology is: ； in, It is the first Real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of each region, is the disturbance intensity weight, The disturbance area The disturbance intensity, Adjust the effect weight for the buffer zone, The disturbance area The buffer zone adjustment effect; The real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of the river and lake ecology is analyzed, and the pollutant data is comprehensively considered to obtain the restoration priority of the disturbed area.

2. A method for river and lake ecological restoration for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrological ecological data set includes water quality parameter data, turbidity change data, vegetation cover data and sediment disturbance intensity data; The water quality parameter data include dissolved oxygen, pH value and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations; The turbidity change data is used to obtain the concentration of suspended particles in the water body; The vegetation coverage data is used to obtain the coverage ratio of shoreline vegetation; The sediment disturbance intensity data is used for the movement amplitude of sediment sediments.

3. The method for river and lake ecological restoration for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The river and lake ecological disturbance classification model includes a data processing layer, a feature extraction layer, a disturbance classification layer and a result output layer; The data processing layer obtains a standard ecological disturbance data matrix by preprocessing the ecological disturbance data matrix; the preprocessing includes data cleaning and normalization processing; The feature extraction layer extracts the hydrological ecological feature vectors of river and lake ecology in multiple time periods by analyzing the standard ecological disturbance data matrix; The disturbance classification layer obtains disturbance type and pollutant data by performing disturbance classification on the hydrological ecological characteristic vector; the pollutant data includes pollutant concentration, disturbance range area and disturbance factor weight; The result output layer generates a disturbance area map by analyzing the disturbance type; the disturbance area map is used to mark the disturbance type and range of each area.

4. The method for river and lake ecological restoration for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temporary ecological buffer zone includes a physical interception layer, a sedimentation filtration layer and a biological adsorption layer; The temporary aquatic habitats include floating plant islands, underwater vegetation frames and aquatic pathways; Determine the location, scope and function of temporary ecological buffer zones through real-time analysis of ecological disturbance types and areas; A mobile temporary aquatic habitat is also set up in the temporary ecological buffer zone.

5. The method for river and lake ecological restoration for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological restoration collaborative model includes a data input layer, a disturbance analysis layer, a restoration coordination layer and an anomaly coefficient output layer; The data input layer obtains an ecological disturbance data set by preprocessing the ecological disturbance data matrix and the ecological disturbance area and type; the preprocessing includes denoising and normalization processing; The disturbance analysis layer is used to analyze the impact of different disturbance types and regions on river and lake ecosystems during the construction period, generate disturbance factors for each region, and obtain regional disturbance intensity; the disturbance factors include physical disturbance factors, chemical disturbance factors, and biological disturbance factors; The restoration coordination layer generates the regulation effect of the buffer zone on the disturbance by comprehensively analyzing the pollutant concentration distribution, disturbance range area, disturbance intensity and temporary ecological buffer zone in each area; The anomaly coefficient output layer generates a real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology by analyzing the regional disturbance intensity and the regulating effect of the buffer zone on the disturbance.

6. A method for river and lake ecological restoration for water conservancy projects according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific calculation formula of the regional disturbance intensity is: ； in, For the The disturbance intensity of the disturbance area, The disturbance area The number of disturbance factors, For the The weight of the perturbation factor, The disturbance area Medium disturbance factor The actual disturbance data, The disturbance area Medium disturbance factor Standard perturbation data of The specific calculation formula of the buffer zone's regulating effect on disturbance is: ； in, For the The buffer zone adjustment effect of each region, is the pollution area weight, The disturbance area The polluted area, is the weight of the repair measures on the adjustment effect, The disturbance area Effect of restoration measures in the middle buffer zone on disturbance factors purification efficiency.

7. The method for river and lake ecological restoration for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the disturbance area repair priority is: ； in, For the Area repair priority, It is the first Real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient weights for each region, It is the first Real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of each region, For the The buffer zone of each region adjusts the effect weight. For the The buffer zone adjustment effect of each region, For the The disturbance intensity weight of the disturbance area, For the The disturbance intensity of the disturbance area, is the maximum value function, The disturbance area The pollution area weight is The disturbance area Medium polluted area.

8. A river and lake ecological restoration system for water conservancy projects, characterized in that: The specific process of river and lake ecological restoration during hydropower station construction includes: The data acquisition unit uses IoT sensor equipment and remote sensing technology to monitor and collect hydrological and ecological data sets of rivers and lakes during the construction period in real time, and obtain the ecological disturbance data matrix during the construction period; A classification model building unit is used to build a river and lake ecological disturbance classification model to analyze the ecological disturbance data matrix and generate pollutant data; based on the pollutant data, the ecological disturbance type and area are obtained; The buffer zone setting unit establishes a temporary ecological buffer zone in the construction area according to the ecological disturbance type and area; and arranges a temporary aquatic habitat in the temporary ecological buffer zone; The anomaly coefficient acquisition unit constructs an ecological restoration collaborative model based on the hydrological ecological data set to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the ecological disturbance type and region and the temporary ecological buffer zone to obtain a real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology; the specific calculation formula of the real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology is: ； in, It is the first Real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of each region, is the disturbance intensity weight, The disturbance area The disturbance intensity, Adjust the effect weight for the buffer zone, The disturbance area The buffer zone adjustment effect; The restoration priority acquisition unit analyzes the real-time comprehensive abnormal coefficient of the river and lake ecology, comprehensively considers the pollutant data, and obtains the restoration priority of the disturbed area.

9. A river and lake ecological restoration system for water conservancy projects according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ecological restoration collaborative model includes a data input layer, a disturbance analysis layer, a restoration coordination layer and an anomaly coefficient output layer; The data input layer obtains an ecological disturbance data set by preprocessing the ecological disturbance data matrix and the ecological disturbance area and type; the preprocessing includes denoising and normalization processing; The disturbance analysis layer is used to analyze the impact of different disturbance types and regions on river and lake ecosystems during the construction period, generate disturbance factors for each region, and obtain regional disturbance intensity; the disturbance factors include physical disturbance factors, chemical disturbance factors, and biological disturbance factors; The restoration coordination layer generates the regulation effect of the buffer zone on the disturbance by comprehensively analyzing the pollutant concentration distribution, disturbance range area, disturbance intensity and temporary ecological buffer zone in each area; The anomaly coefficient output layer generates a real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of river and lake ecology by analyzing the regional disturbance intensity and the regulating effect of the buffer zone on the disturbance.

10. The river and lake ecological restoration system for water conservancy projects according to claim 8, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the disturbance area repair priority is: ； in, For the Area repair priority, It is the first Real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient weights for each region, It is the first Real-time comprehensive anomaly coefficient of each region, For the The buffer zone of each region adjusts the effect weight. For the The buffer zone adjustment effect of each region, For the The disturbance intensity weight of the disturbance area, For the The disturbance intensity of the disturbance area, is the maximum value function, The disturbance area The pollution area weight is The disturbance area Medium polluted area.

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