Injectable composition and article including the same

Abstract

In one aspect, a composition is provided that includes a waste particulate material and a biodegradable polymer; wherein the biodegradable polymer comprises a thermoplastic polymer; the weight part of the biodegradable polymer in the composition is between 10% and 50%; and wherein the composition is flowable at a temperature between 100 DEG C and 220 DEG C. In addition, a molded article derived from the composition and a method of making the same are also provided.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 332,297 filed on April 19, 2022 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 445,337 filed on February 14, 2023, both of which are entitled “INJECTION MOLDABLE COMPOSITIONS AND ARTICLESCOMPRISING SAME,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to the field of mixtures for preparing biodegradable articles, biodegradable containers and disposable articles, and to methods of manufacturing biodegradable articles, such as by injection molding. Background Art

[0004] One of the main sources of preoccupation in modern society is the amount of waste generated and its impact on the environment, increasing pollution and using valuable space as landfills. Therefore, there is a great deal of interest in the manufacture of biodegradable disposable products, especially when these products are made from recycled or waste materials.

[0005] One application for biodegradable disposable containers is in the agricultural sector, such as in plant nurseries and greenhouses. Plants are grown in pots until they are mature enough to be distributed to retail stores or consumers. Typically, molded non-biodegradable plastic pots are used to grow plants, which are eventually discarded after the plants are transplanted into the soil. These pots end up in landfills or garbage dumps, where they remain for a long time because they are not biodegradable.

[0006] There are alternatives to conventional plastic pots. Biodegradable pots made from paper (cellulose fibers), peat and other organic waste are known. These pots are designed to degrade relatively quickly when buried in the soil. This allows the consumer to simply bury the pot with the plant in it, without having to remove the plant from the pot before planting. However, the biodegradable pot must also be highly resistant to irrigation and greenhouse conditions during the growing season to prevent it from disintegrating before being buried in the soil.

[0007] Some biodegradable pots include a thermoplastic polymer layer on top of the interior surface of the plant pot that is exposed to the soil that the plant pot is placed in. However, irrigation practices and the humid environment in many nurseries result in the exterior surface of the pot being exposed to moisture, so that the sealant on the interior of the plant pot does not prevent the decomposition of the pot while it is still on a rack in the nursery (or greenhouse).

[0008] Exemplary biodegradable articles (such as the plant pots disclosed in PCT / IL2021 / 050498) are currently manufactured by hot compression molding, which is costly and incompatible with commercial large-scale production of the articles. Therefore, there is a need for a flowable and cost-effective composition suitable for processing via injection molding, based solely on degradable and / or compostable components. Summary of the invention

[0009] It is an object of the present invention to provide flowable compositions derived from organic waste for use in the manufacture of biodegradable containers and articles, in particular by thermoplastic polymer processing.

[0010] In one aspect, the present invention provides a composition comprising waste particulate material and a biodegradable polymer; wherein the biodegradable polymer is or comprises a thermoplastic polymer; the weight portion of the biodegradable polymer in the composition is between about 10% and about 50%; and wherein the composition is flowable at a temperature between 100°C and 250°C.

[0011] In one embodiment, the composition further comprises between 0.5% w / w and 10% w / w of a gliding agent, and wherein the composition is in the form of a composite material.

[0012] In one embodiment, the composition is a thermoplastic material or a thermoplastic composite material.

[0013] In one embodiment, the composition is characterized by a moisture content of less than 0.5%.

[0014] In one embodiment, the biodegradable polymer is characterized by a melt flow index (MFI) between 30 and 80.

[0015] In one embodiment, the biodegradable polymer comprises polyester, polyamino acid, thermoplastic polysaccharide derivative, thermoplastic starch, including any copolymer or any mixture thereof.

[0016] In one embodiment, the polyester is selected from poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), PBAT, poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate), PBSA, PLA, PLGA, PGA, polyamino acid, including any copolymer or any mixture thereof.

[0017] In one embodiment, the waste particulate material is an organic waste particulate material selected from wood chips, soil, sawdust, compost, biomass and ash, or any combination thereof; and wherein the waste particulate material is characterized by an average particle size between 1 mm and 4 mm.

[0018] In one embodiment, the glidant includes a clay mineral (eg, talc), a wax, glycerol, ethylene glycol, a fatty acid (including any ester thereof (eg, monoglyceride, diglyceride, or triglyceride)), or any combination thereof.

[0019] In one embodiment, the weight portion of the biodegradable polymer in the composition is between 15% and 30%, the weight portion of the glidant in the composition is between 1% and 5%, and wherein the biodegradable polymer is or includes PBAT.

[0020] In another aspect, an article is provided comprising at least one wall, wherein the wall comprises a composition of the present invention, and wherein the article is biodegradable or bioerodible (or compostable).

[0021] In one embodiment, the article is substantially degraded in soil within a predetermined period of time ranging between 2 days and 10 weeks.

[0022] In one embodiment, the wall is characterized by a wall thickness between 1 mm and 5 mm.

[0023] In one embodiment, the article is in the form of a container.

[0024] In one embodiment, the article is in the form of a planting article (eg, a plant pot, a plug tray) or a tableware.

[0025] In one embodiment, the article is stable under greenhouse conditions for a predetermined period of time ranging from 3 days to 10 months.

[0026] In another aspect, a method for making an article of the present invention is provided, the method comprising providing the composition of the present invention under suitable conditions to obtain a shapeable composition; and processing the shapeable composition to obtain an article having a predetermined shape.

[0027] In one embodiment, the suitable conditions are sufficient to induce flowability of the composition.

[0028] In one embodiment, processing comprises molding the moldable composition.

[0029] In one embodiment, suitable conditions include a pressure between 500 and 5000 bar and a temperature between 100°C and 250°C.

[0030] In one embodiment, the method is performed by injection molding.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms and / or scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to the methods and materials described herein can be used in the practice or testing of embodiments of the present invention, exemplary methods and / or materials are described below. In the event of a conflict, the patent specification (including definitions) shall prevail. In addition, materials, methods and examples are merely illustrative and are not intended to be necessarily restrictive.

[0032] Further embodiments and the full scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given below. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, although indicating preferred embodiments of the present invention, are given by way of illustration only, because various changes and modifications falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art based on this detailed description.

[0033] In addition to the exemplary aspects and embodiments described above, further aspects and embodiments will become apparent by reference to a study of the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a plant pot made with a mixture according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2A and Figure 2B is a schematic diagram of a biodegradable pallet according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0036] Figure 3A and Figure 3B are images of exemplary articles of the invention made by injection molding, such as plant pots (3A) and tableware (3B).

[0037] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a plant pot including a side opening and made according to one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to a composition comprising an organic material (e.g., a waste organic material having an average particle size of less than 4 mm, less than 3 mm, or less than 2 mm) and a thermoplastic polymer. In one embodiment, the composition further comprises an additive, such as a flow aid, a water absorbent, a colorant, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the composition is flowable under the conditions described herein. In one embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer induces the processability of the composition by thermoplastic polymer processing (e.g., injection molding, extrusion, etc.) and further provides sufficient mechanical stability and optionally impermeability to the biodegradable and / or bioerodible article of the present invention processed from the composition described herein.

[0039] Certain aspects of the compositions and articles described herein have been optimized for use in the cultivation of annual and / or perennial crop plants, trees, and / or ornamental plants, including any combination thereof.

[0040] In one aspect, the present invention provides at least one article for use in agriculture, including but not limited to plant pots, and other containers (e.g., planting articles, tableware, etc.), which partially degrade or biodegrade, the article comprising biomass (e.g., wood waste and / or soil) and a thermoplastic polymer. In one embodiment, the article of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of biodegradable articles, bioerodible articles, compostable articles, and recyclable articles, including any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the article of the present invention is substantially stable for a predetermined period of between 3 days and 10 months under greenhouse conditions to various irrigation techniques.

[0041] In some embodiments, the article of the invention is configured to maintain at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95% of its geometry and / or physical properties under greenhouse conditions, and is further configured to undergo gradual degradation or erosion after it comes into contact with soil (e.g., by planting in an open field). In some embodiments, the article of the invention is characterized by a degradation profile adapted for the cultivation of annual plants and / or perennial plants. In some embodiments, the article of the invention is configured to support the growth of seedlings in soil, thereby preventing mechanical or biological damage to plant roots (e.g., damage caused by pests) during and after planting; and promoting the growth (or breakthrough) of plant roots through the walls of the article. In some embodiments, the article of the invention comprising a cultivated plant is configured to substantially maintain its function as a container after it is transplanted into soil (e.g., by at least partially maintaining its geometry so as to enclose at least 80% of the plant roots) for a period of time sufficient for the plant to adapt within the soil.

[0042] In one embodiment, an exemplary planting article of the present invention is or includes a biodegradable or compostable plant pot characterized by enhanced stability under normal storage conditions and configured to undergo biodegradation and / or bioerosion in situ at a planting site (e.g., soil) over a predetermined period of time.

[0043] A major advantage of containers made from the compositions of the present invention is their decomposition / erosion and integration with soil organic matter after their role as containers has ended. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are formable and / or flowable compositions suitable for making exemplary articles of the present invention by industrial molding processes (e.g., injection molding). In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are flowable under suitable conditions as described herein, wherein the flowable compositions are characterized by rheological properties sufficient to form or make exemplary articles of the present invention by industrial molding processes (e.g., injection molding and / or extrusion). In some embodiments, the articles of the present invention described herein are substantially impermeable to water and are therefore suitable for use as tableware.

[0044] Flowable composition

[0045] In one aspect of the present invention, provided herein is a composition comprising an organic waste component (also referred to herein as "waste particulate material") and a biodegradable polymer; wherein the biodegradable polymer is or comprises a thermoplastic polymer; wherein the weight portion of the biodegradable polymer in the composition is between 10% and 50%, and wherein the composition is flowable or formable under suitable conditions including a temperature between 100°C and 250°C or between 100°C and 220°C and optionally including a pressure (e.g., a pressure between 500 bar and 5000 bar).

[0046] The terms "organic waste component," "waste particulate material," and "organic waste particulate material" are used interchangeably herein.

[0047] In some embodiments, the term "suitable conditions" encompass conditions suitable for industrial hot melt processes such as molding (e.g., injection molding or injection compression molding) and / or extrusion of molded articles. In some embodiments, the fluidity of the composition at a temperature ranging between 100°C and 250°C is sufficient to mold the composition via industrial hot melt equipment such as an extruder or an injection molding machine. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a composition suitable for injection molding is flowable when sufficient pressure is applied to the composition and the composition is heated within the above temperature range. A composition suitable for injection molding maintains its chemical structure (i.e., does not decompose) under conditions suitable for injection molding.

[0048] In another aspect of the invention, provided herein are compositions comprising an organic waste component (eg, sawdust, wood chips, and / or compost); between 10% w / w and 50% w / w of a biodegradable polymer, and further comprising a flow aid.

[0049] In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention includes at least one organic waste component characterized by a particle size between 1 mm and 4 mm, including any range therebetween. In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention is solid at a temperature below the glass transition point of the biodegradable polymer, or below the melting point or liquefaction point of the biodegradable polymer. In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention is solid at a temperature up to 100°C, up to 120°C, up to 140°C, including any range therebetween.

[0050] In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention comprises (i) an organic waste component selected from compost and at least one of wood chips, bark dust, sawdust and compost, wherein the organic waste component is characterized by a particle size between 1 mm and 4 mm, including any range therebetween; (ii) at least one biodegradable polymer characterized by a melt flow index (MFI) between 30 and 80; and (iii) optionally between 0.5% w / w and 10% w / w of a glidant (also known as a slipping agent); wherein the w / w concentration of the biodegradable polymer in the composition is at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 17%, at least 20%, at least 25% or at least 30%, including any range therebetween; and wherein the composition is characterized by a moisture content of less than 1%, less than 0.7%, less than 0.6%, less than 0.5%, less than 0.4%, less than 0.3%, including any range therebetween.

[0051] In some embodiments, the w / w concentration of the biodegradable polymer of the present invention in the composition of the present invention is 10 to 50, 15 to 50, 10 to 40, 15 to 40, 10 to 30, 15 to 30, 10 to 20, 20 to 50, 20 to 40, 20 to 30, including any ranges therebetween. Without being bound by any particular theory or mechanism, it is postulated that a w / w concentration of at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30% of the polymer of the present invention, based on the total weight of the composition of the present invention, is sufficient to obtain a flowable composition suitable for molding by thermoplastic polymer processing.

[0052] The inventors have successfully manufactured an exemplary biodegradable article of the present invention by injection molding, which includes about 30% by weight of the thermoplastic biodegradable polymer of the present invention (such as PBAT and / or thermoplastic starch). The resulting article is characterized by sufficient stability and exhibits a predetermined degradation characteristic in soil. It is presumed that the degradation characteristics of the article can be changed by: (i) changing the concentration of the biodegradable polymer; (ii) changing the composition of the organic waste components; and / or by (iii) introducing a disintegrant (such as a water-absorbing material) into the composition of the present invention.

[0053] In some embodiments, compositions of the present invention include one or more biodegradable polymers. In some embodiments, biodegradable polymers are or include thermoplastic polymers. In some embodiments, biodegradable polymers are characterized in that the MFI scope is between 20 and 100, between 50 and 100, between 30 and 80, between 40 and 80, between 50 and 80, between 60 and 80, between 50 and 75, between 50 and 80, between 60 and 75, between 60 and 100, between 60 and 90, between 50 and 90, between 70 and 80, between 70 and 75, including any range therebetween.

[0054] In some embodiments, the compositions of the invention are characterized by an MFI range between 20 and 100, between 50 and 100, between 30 and 80, between 40 and 80, between 50 and 80, between 60 and 80, between 50 and 75, between 50 and 80, between 60 and 75, between 60 and 100, between 60 and 90, between 50 and 90, between 70 and 80, between 70 and 75, including any ranges therebetween.

[0055] In some embodiments, the biodegradable polymer is a thermoplastic polymer and is characterized by a melting point or liquefaction point between 80°C and 250°C, between 80°C and 150°C, between 100°C and 220°C, between 120°C and 220°C, between 140°C and 220°C, between 100°C and 180°C, between 80°C and 180°C, between 100°C and 170°C, between 120°C and 170°C, including any ranges therebetween. As used herein, the terms "thermoplastic biodegradable polymer," "thermoplastic polymer," and "biodegradable polymer" are used interchangeably herein.

[0056] In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention and / or the article of the present invention is a thermoplastic material. In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention and / or the article of the present invention is characterized by a melting point or a liquefaction point between 80°C and 250°C, between 80°C and 150°C, between 100°C and 220°C, between 120°C and 220°C, between 140°C and 220°C, between 100°C and 180°C, between 80°C and 180°C, between 100°C and 170°C, between 120°C and 170°C, including any ranges therebetween.

[0057] In some embodiments, the biodegradable polymer is or includes a biocompatible thermoplastic polymer. In some embodiments, the thermoplastic polymer includes a biocompatible and / or biodegradable polymer.

[0058] In some embodiments, the biodegradable polymer includes any of the following: polyester, polyamino acid, PVA, PVP, PEG, thermoplastic polysaccharide derivatives, thermoplastic starch (e.g., Matter-Bi), including any copolymer or any mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the polyester is selected from aliphatic polyesters and aromatic polyesters, such as polybutylene adipate-terephthalate (PBAT), polybutylene succinate-adipate (PBSA), PLA, PLGA, PGA, esterified starch (e.g., starch acetate), including any copolymer or any mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the thermoplastic starch includes starch (i.e., modified or unmodified plant starch, such as corn starch, cellulose esters, alkylated cellulose, etc.) and a plasticizer (e.g., a material miscible with cellulose fat, oil, colloid, phospholipid, fatty acid, fatty alcohol, polyol, lipid, fatty acid monoglyceride, fatty acid diglyceride, fatty acid triglyceride, alkylated citrate, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide, or any combination thereof). In some embodiments, the biodegradable polymer is polyester and / or thermoplastic starch.

[0059] Exemplary polyesters include Novamont's Origo-Bi polymer (ie, PBAT).

[0060] In some embodiments, at least 50%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 93%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 99%, at least 99.9% (including any ranges therebetween) of the total dry weight of the biodegradable polymer is bioerodible. In some embodiments, at least 50%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 93%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 99%, at least 99.9% (including any ranges therebetween) of the total dry weight of the biodegradable polymer is biodegradable. In some embodiments, at least 50%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 93%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 99%, at least 99.9% (including any ranges therebetween) of the total dry weight of the biodegradable polymer is compostable.

[0061] In some embodiments, the biodegradable polymer is characterized by substantially any of compostability, biodegradability, and / or bioerodibility under ambient conditions (e.g., temperature between -10°C and 50°C, between 10°C and 30°C, or between 5°C and 40°C, in the presence of microorganisms under aerobic and / or anaerobic conditions) within a time range of 1 week to 2 years (including any ranges therebetween); wherein substantially refers to at least 50%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 93%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 99%, at least 99.9%, including any ranges therebetween, based on the total dry weight of the biodegradable polymer. In some embodiments, the biodegradable polymer is compostable. In some embodiments, the biodegradable polymer is compostable within a time period of between 5 weeks and 30 weeks, 10 weeks and 40 weeks, 10 weeks and 30 weeks (including any ranges therebetween).

[0062] In some embodiments, the biodegradable polymer is in the form of a polymer matrix comprising an interpenetrating network of polymer chains, and wherein additional components of the composition (e.g., organic waste components and / or additives such as flow aids) are enclosed or homogeneously distributed within the polymer matrix.

[0063] In some embodiments, the composition comprises a polymer matrix in contact with an organic waste component. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a polymer matrix in contact with a plurality of organic waste components. In some embodiments, the organic waste components are bound to the polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the organic waste components are incorporated into the polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the organic waste components are embedded in the polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the organic waste components are adhered to the polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the organic waste components are adsorbed onto the polymer matrix.

[0064] In some embodiments, the polymer matrix is ​​a plurality of particles of organic waste components and / or provides a binder for the additive. In some embodiments, the polymer matrix strengthens the composition. In some embodiments, a plurality of particles of organic waste components are held together by the polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the components of the present composition (e.g., organic waste components) are homogeneously distributed in the polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the polymer matrix provides the composition with plasticity sufficient to mold it (such as by injection molding). In some embodiments, the polymer matrix also includes a plasticizer.

[0065] In some embodiments, the amount of biodegradable polymer in the composition is sufficient to induce flow and / or processability of the composition by thermoplastic polymer processing; and sufficient to provide mechanical stability to the composition or an article derived (or processed) therefrom.

[0066] In some embodiments, the components of the composition (e.g., biodegradable polymer, at least one organic waste component, and optionally at least one flow aid) are uniformly mixed. In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention is in the form of a composite material or solid composite. In some embodiments, the entire composition or composite is substantially homogeneous.

[0067] As used herein, a "composite material" is a material made from two or more constituent materials having distinct chemical or physical properties which, when combined, produce a material having properties different from those of the individual elements.

[0068] In some embodiments, a homogeneous composite refers to a material that cannot be easily separated into its individual component parts (eg, a biodegradable polymer of the present invention, an organic waste material, and a glidant).

[0069] In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention consists essentially of the biodegradable polymer of the present invention, an organic waste material, and a flow aid, wherein the weight percentages of the components of the composition are as described herein). In some embodiments, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, or 80% to 99%, 80% to 95%, 90% to 95%, 95% to 99%, 90% to 97% of the composition and / or article of the present invention consists of the biodegradable polymer of the present invention, an organic waste material, and a flow aid. In some embodiments, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, or 80% to 99%, 80% to 95%, 90% to 95%, 95% to 99%, 90% to 97% of the composition and / or article of the present invention consists of the biodegradable polymer of the present invention (i.e., polyesters such as PBAT and / or thermoplastic starch), organic waste materials (i.e., wood residue materials, compost, or both), and a flow aid (i.e., a clay mineral such as talc). In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are free of a plasticizer, which is not a glidant disclosed herein, or a thermoplastic polymer.

[0070] The term "consisting essentially of means that a composition, method, or structure may include additional ingredients, steps, and / or parts, but the premise is that the additional ingredients, steps, and / or parts do not substantially change the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed composition, method, or structure. Therefore, the term "consisting essentially of means that in addition to the disclosed components, the composition or article may also include additives (one or more) such as colorants, stabilizers, preservatives, taste masking agents, flavoring agents, etc. In some embodiments, the term "substantially" and the term "consisting essentially of" are used interchangeably herein.

[0071] In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention include at least one organic waste component. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention include two or more types of organic waste components. In some embodiments, the organic waste component is or includes waste particulate material. In some embodiments, the terms "organic waste component" and "waste particulate material" are used interchangeably herein.

[0072] In some embodiments, the w / w ratio of organic waste components to biodegradable polymers in the composition ranges from 1:1 to 10:1, 1:1 to 3:1, 3:1 to 4:1, 4:1 to 5:1, 5:1 to 6:1, 6:1 to 7:1, 7:1 to 8:1, 8:1 to 10:1, 2:1 to 10:1, 2:1 to 3:1, 2:1 to 7:1, 2:1 to 5:1, including any ranges therebetween.

[0073] In some embodiments, the w / w concentration of the organic waste component in the compositions of the present invention is between 50% and 90%, between 60% and 90%, between 60% and 85%, between 70% and 90%, between 65% and 90%, between 70% and 80%, between 65% and 80%, including any ranges therebetween.

[0074] In some embodiments, the organic waste component comprises plant material or a portion of plant material. In some embodiments, the organic waste component is an organic residual material. In some embodiments, the organic waste component comprises a cellulosic material. In some embodiments, the organic waste component comprises 50% to 99%, 60% to 99%, 60% to 85%, 70% to 99%, 65% to 99%, 70% to 80%, 65% to 80%, 80% to 99%, 90% to 99%, 95% to 99%, including any ranges therebetween, of cellulosic material or plant material by dry weight of the organic waste component.

[0075] In some embodiments, the organic waste component includes wood residues. Various wood residues are known in the art. In some embodiments, the organic waste component is characterized by a longer degradation time in soil compared to the degradation time of the biopolymer of the present invention.

[0076] In some embodiments, organic waste component comprises processed plant material.In some embodiments, processed plant material is or comprises compost plant material, also referred to as " compost " in this article.Term " compost plant material " contains any cellulose or any plant material that has undergone at least part of composting (i.e. plant material undergoes physical and / or chemical decomposition after it is exposed to enzymatic degradation or microbial degradation).Compost plant material or compost can obtain by various methods such as aerobic or anaerobic composting, industrial or household composting etc.Term " compost " contains the plant material of disintegration, keeps its particulate matter state simultaneously, makes compost be characterized in that average particle size range is between about 1mm and about 4mm, between 1.5mm and about 4mm, between 1.7mm and about 4mm, between 1.3mm and about 4mm, between 1.8mm and about 4mm, between about 2mm and about 4mm, between about 1mm and about 2mm, between about 2mm and about 3mm, between about 3mm and about 4mm, including any range therebetween.

[0077] In some embodiments, the organic waste component comprises or consists essentially of compost. In some embodiments, the compost comprises 50% to 99%, 60% to 99%, 60% to 85%, 70% to 99%, 65% to 99%, 70% to 80%, 65% to 80%, 80% to 99%, 90% to 99%, 95% to 99% of the dry weight of the organic waste component.

[0078] In some embodiments, the organic waste component includes one or more particles characterized by slow degradation (such as wood chips, ash, bark, etc.) and one or more particles characterized by rapid degradation (such as compost). In some embodiments, the w / w ratio between the particles characterized by slow degradation and the particles characterized by rapid degradation is between 3:1 and 1:1, between 3:1 and 2:1, between 2:1 and 1:1, including any ranges therebetween.

[0079] In some embodiments, the organic waste component includes materials having a high cellulose content. In some embodiments, cellulose content as used herein relates to cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, or any combination thereof.

[0080] In some embodiments, the organic waste component has a cellulose content of at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 99%, including any ranges therebetween.

[0081] In some embodiments, the organic waste component is or includes plant material selected from any one of wood chips, sawdust, digestate, biomass, corn residues, grain residues, soil, dirt, lop, grass clippings, leaves, hay, straw, shredded bark, whole bark pieces, shells, shredded paper, cardboard, wool, peat, hemp biomass, coffee residues, wood ash or other organic material ash, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the organic waste component is or includes plant material disclosed herein, wherein the plant material is composted plant material.

[0082] In some embodiments, the organic waste components and / or compositions of the present invention are substantially free of lignin.

[0083] In one embodiment, the organic waste component comprises soil.

[0084] In some embodiments, the organic waste component comprises particles having an average particle size between 1 mm and 4 mm, between 2 mm and 4 mm, between 1 mm and 2 mm, between 2 mm and 3 mm, between 3 mm and 4 mm, including any ranges therebetween.

[0085] In some embodiments, the organic waste component includes particles having an average particle size of less than 3 mm, less than 2.8 mm, less than 2.5 mm, less than 2.3 mm, less than 2.1 mm, less than 2 mm, less than 1.8 mm, less than 1.5 mm, less than 1.3 mm, less than 1.1 mm, or between 1 and 2, between 1.5 and 2, including any ranges therebetween.

[0086] In one embodiment of the invention, the organic waste component comprises particles having a particle size of about 2 mm or about 1 mm. In one embodiment of the invention, the organic waste component comprises particles equal to or less than 2.8 mm. In one embodiment of the invention, the organic waste component comprises particles equal to or less than 2.5 mm. In one embodiment of the invention, the organic waste component comprises particles equal to or less than 2.2 mm. In one embodiment of the invention, the organic waste component comprises particles equal to or less than 2 mm. In one embodiment of the invention, more than 80% of the organic waste component particles are characterized by a particle size of about 2 mm or about 1 mm (i.e., ± 10%). In one embodiment of the invention, more than 85% of the organic waste component particles are characterized by a particle size of about 2 mm or about 1 mm (i.e., ± 10%). In one embodiment of the invention, more than 90% of the organic waste component particles are characterized by a particle size of about 2 mm or about 1 mm (i.e., ± 10%). In one embodiment of the invention, more than 95% of the organic waste component particles are characterized by a particle size of about 2 mm or about 1 mm (i.e., ± 10%).

[0087] In one embodiment of the invention, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 99% of the organic waste components comprise wood chips, compost, or either of the two.

[0088] In another embodiment, the composition described herein includes both sawdust and compost. In another embodiment, the weight (w:w) ratio between sawdust and compost is 4:1 to 1:2. In another embodiment, the weight (w:w) ratio between sawdust and compost is 3:1 to 1:1. In another embodiment, the weight (w:w) ratio between sawdust and compost is 2:1 to 1:1. In another embodiment, the weight (w:w) ratio between sawdust and compost is 2:1 ± 30%. In another embodiment, the weight (w:w) ratio between sawdust and compost is 2:1 ± 20%. In another embodiment, the weight (w:w) ratio between sawdust and compost is 2:1 ± 10%. In another embodiment, the weight (w:w) ratio between sawdust and compost is 1:1 ± 30%. In another embodiment, the weight (w:w) ratio between sawdust and compost is 1:1 ± 20%. In another embodiment, the weight (w:w) ratio between sawdust and compost is 1:1 ± 10%.

[0089] In another embodiment, the composition as described herein includes both soil and compost. In another embodiment, the weight (w:w) ratio between soil and compost ranges from 4:1 to 1:2. In another embodiment, the weight (w:w) ratio between soil and compost ranges from 3:1 to 1:1. In another embodiment, the weight (w:w) ratio between soil and compost ranges from 2:1 to 1:1. In another embodiment, the weight (w:w) ratio between soil and compost is 2:1 ± 30%. In another embodiment, the weight (w:w) ratio between soil and compost is 2:1 ± 20%. In another embodiment, the weight (w:w) ratio between soil and compost is 2:1 ± 10%. In another embodiment, the weight (w:w) ratio between soil and compost is 1:1 ± 30%. In another embodiment, the weight (w:w) ratio between soil and compost is 1:1 ± 20%. In another embodiment, the weight (w:w) ratio between soil and compost is 1:1 ± 10%. In another embodiment, the weight ratio (w:w) between soil and compost is 1:2±30%. In another embodiment, the weight ratio (w:w) between soil and compost is 1:2±20%. In another embodiment, the weight ratio (w:w) between soil and compost is 1:2±10%.

[0090] In one embodiment, the organic waste component is a mixture of any two or more components selected from the group consisting of wood chips, soil, ash, compost, biomass, and sawdust. In some embodiments, the organic waste component is a mixture of wood chips and / or sawdust and compost. The inventors have successfully produced exemplary articles or compositions of the present invention using a mixture of (i) compost and (ii) wood chips and / or sawdust.

[0091] In some embodiments, compost is any compost organic material known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Composting can be carried out under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. In some embodiments, compost refers to any organic material that degrades aerobically or anaerobically. In some embodiments, compost refers to composted organic waste materials. In some embodiments, compost is the result of Grub composting. In another embodiment, compost is Bokashi compost. In another embodiment, compost includes EM1 (lactic acid bacteria, yeast and phototrophic (PNSB) bacteria). In a preferred embodiment, the organic waste component includes compost and wood chips, and optionally sawdust. In a preferred embodiment, the organic waste component includes compost, wood chips and up to 10% w / w of biopolymers (e.g., lignin), wherein the ratio of wood chips to compost is as described herein.

[0092] In some embodiments, the compost is characterized by low residual metal content (such as inorganic metal salts or metal / metalloid oxides, wherein exemplary metals / metalloids are selected from Fe, Na, Li, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Si). In some embodiments, low residual metal content refers to a w / w concentration of inorganic metal salts or metal / metalloid oxides in the compost of 1 ppm to 0.1%, 1 ppm to 500 ppm, 1 ppm to 700 ppm, 1 ppm to 800 ppm, 1 ppm to 300 ppm, 1 ppm to 100 ppm, 1 ppm to 50 ppm, 1 ppm to 30 ppm, 1 ppm to 20 ppm, 1 ppm to 10 ppm, including any ranges therebetween.

[0093] In some embodiments, the w / w ratio of wood chips to compost is between 4:1 and 1:1, between 4:1 and 3:1, between 3:1 and 2:1, between 2:1 and 1:1, including any value or range therebetween. In some embodiments, the ratio between wood chips and compost predetermines the degradation time of the composition and / or article (in soil) of the present invention.

[0094] In another embodiment, the compost is compost tea. In another embodiment, the compost is a buried earth bed. In another embodiment, the compost includes human excrement. In another embodiment, the compost is vermicompost.

[0095] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the organic waste component comprises material having particles of different sizes. The size of the particles may be between 0.125 mm and 2 mm, or larger than 2 mm.

[0096] In some embodiments, the particle size of the organic waste component is about 2 mm. Without being bound by any particular theory, particles larger than 2.5 mm in size do not produce a compressible composition suitable for making the articles of the present invention.

[0097] In some embodiments, the soil is rich in clay. Clay is the most active mineral component in the soil. It is a colloidal and crystalline substance. In the soil, clay is physically defined as any mineral particle with an effective diameter of less than 2 microns. It is now known that clay is a precipitate whose mineral composition is different from its parent material and is classified as a secondary mineral. The type of clay formed is a function of the parent material and the mineral composition in the solution. Clay in the soil is a mixture of various types of clay (crystalline, amorphous or sesquioxide).

[0098] In some embodiments, the glidant includes a clay mineral (e.g., a metal silicate such as talc), a wax (natural or synthetic), a protein (e.g., a plant protein), glycerol, a glycol (e.g., ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, PEG), a fatty acid (including any ester or amide thereof (e.g., monoglyceride, diglyceride, or triglyceride)), or any combination thereof.

[0099] In some embodiments, the composition comprises or consists essentially of: 50% to 90% waste particulate material (e.g., wood saw and / or compost) having an average particle size of about 1 mm to 2 mm; about 15% w / w to 30% w / w of a biodegradable polymer; 1% w / w to 5% w / w of a flow aid; wherein the biodegradable polymer is or comprises a polyester (e.g., PBAT), and / or a thermoplastic starch (e.g., Matter-Bi); and the flow aid is or comprises talc.

[0100] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the exact ratios between the components of the composition or article of the present invention may vary and are predetermined by the desired degradation time of the composition or article.

[0101] In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention includes a water absorbent or a disintegrant. In some embodiments, the water absorbent includes any one of a monosaccharide or a disaccharide, a starch, a cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose, a cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, and a starch glycolate, including any salt or any combination thereof. Additional water absorbents or disintegrants are well known in the art.

[0102] In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention comprise 0.1% to 10%, 0.5% to 5%, 0.1% to 5%, 0.1% to 1%, 1% to 5%, 2% to 5%, 5% to 10% by weight of the composition, including any range therebetween.

[0103] In some embodiments, the water absorbing agent is in the form of solid particles having an average particle size between 10 μm and 2 mm, between 10 μm and 1 mm, between 100 μm and 2 mm, between 100 μm and 1 mm, including any ranges therebetween.

[0104] In some embodiments, the water absorbing agent is or includes a biopolymer. In some embodiments, the water absorbing agent includes at least one biopolymer. In some embodiments, the water absorbing agent includes two or more types of biopolymers. In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention includes at least one biopolymer and also includes at least one emulsifier.

[0105] In some embodiments, the w / w concentration of the biopolymer in the composition of the invention is at most 40%, at most 35%, at most 30%, at most 25%, at most 20%, at most 15%, at most 10%, at most 8%, at most 5%, including any range therebetween.

[0106] In some embodiments, the w / w concentration of the biopolymer in the composition of the invention is between 10% and 45%, between 10% and 20%, between 20% and 40%, between 20% and 30%, between 30% and 40%, including any range therebetween. In some embodiments, the w / w concentration of the biopolymer in the composition of the invention is between 30% and 20%.

[0107] In some embodiments, the biopolymer is a monosaccharide or disaccharide, a polysaccharide or a polyamino acid (e.g., a peptide or protein). In some embodiments, the biopolymer is a natural polymer or a synthetic polymer. In some embodiments, the biopolymer is derived (e.g., by chemical modification and / or biochemical modification, such as alkylation, phosphorylation, glycosylation, acetylation, etc.) from a natural polymer.

[0108] In some embodiments, the biopolymer is selected from flour, lignin, starch, modified starch, cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, chitosan, alginate, pectin, xanthan gum, gelatin, or any combination thereof.

[0109] In some embodiments, the biopolymer is a polysaccharide. In some embodiments, the polysaccharide is selected from flour, lignin, starch, modified starch, cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, chitosan, alginate, pectin, xanthan gum, or any combination thereof.

[0110] In some embodiments, the biopolymer is a sugar. In some embodiments, the biopolymer increases the degradability of the composition or article. In some embodiments, the biopolymer reduces the degradation period of the composition or article of the invention (e.g., after planting in soil).

[0111] In some embodiments, one or more biopolymers of the invention are substantially biodegradable and / or bioerodible. In some embodiments, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 93%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 99% of the total dry weight of the biopolymer is biodegradable.

[0112] It should be understood that the term "flour" may include any of the following: wheat flour, flour from cereals, such as flour selected from buckwheat flour, semolina, corn flour, corn starch, corn sledge, rice flour, tapioca flour, potato starch, soy flour, ground flax meal, flax flour, hemp flour and any mixture thereof.

[0113] In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention further comprises an additive selected from dyes, pigments, fragrances, pesticides, growth hormones, fertilizers, mucilage, preservatives, sorbic acid or its salts, or any combination thereof.

[0114] In some embodiments, the w / w concentration of the additive in the composition of the present invention is 0.5% to 10%, 0.1% to 0.5%, 0.5% to 1%, 1% to 2%, 2% to 2.5%, 2.5% to 3%, 3% to 4%, 4% to 5%, 5% to 6%, 6% to 7%, 7% to 10%, including any range therebetween.

[0115] In some embodiments, the pesticide comprises a mold, fungus and / or yeast inhibitor. In one embodiment, the fungicide is potassium sorbate. In one embodiment, the fungicide is calcium sorbate. In one embodiment, the fungicide is sorbic acid. In one embodiment, the fungicide is natamycin. In one embodiment, the fungicide is calcium acetate. In one embodiment, the fungicide is sodium propionate. In one embodiment, the fungicide is potassium propionate. In one embodiment, the fungicide is calcium propionate. In one embodiment, the fungicide is propionic acid. In one embodiment, the fungicide is sodium diacetate.

[0116] In another embodiment, the w / w concentration of the bactericide in the composition is 0.01% to 5%, 0.01% to 0.1%, 0.1% to 0.5%, 0.5% to 1%, 1% to 2%, 2% to 5%, including any range therebetween.

[0117] In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention further comprises mucus. In one embodiment, mucus is a thick mixture of polar glycoproteins and exopolysaccharides produced by plants or microorganisms.

[0118] In some embodiments, the mucilage is derived from Aloe vera. In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from Basella alba (Malabar spinach). In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from cactus. In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from Chondrus crispus (Irish moss). In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from Dioscorea opposita (nagaimo, Chinese yam). In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from Drosera (sundews). In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from Drosophyllum lusitanicum. In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from fenugreek. In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from flaxseed. In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from kelp. In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from liquorice root. In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from marshmallow. In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from mallow. In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from mullein. In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from okra. In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from parthenium. In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from pinguicula (butterwort). In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from Psyllium seed husks. In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from salvia hispanica (chia) seeds. In another embodiment, the mucilage is derived from Ulmus rubra bark (slippery elm).

[0119] In one embodiment, the mucus is Trigonella foenum-graecum mucus. In another embodiment, the w / w concentration of the mucus in the composition is between 0.01% and 5%, between 0.01% and 0.1%, between 0.1% and 0.5%, between 0.5% and 1%, between 1% and 2%, between 2% and 5%, including any range therebetween.

[0120] In some embodiments, the average material density of the composition of the present invention is 0.4 to 1 g / mL, 0.4 to 0.6 g / mL, 0.6 to 0.7 g / mL, 0.7 to 0.8 g / mL, 0.8 to 0.9 g / mL, 0.9 to 1 g / mL, 1 to 1.2 g / mL, including any range therebetween. In some embodiments, the average material density of the composition is 0.8 (± 0.4) g / mL.

[0121] In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are formable, i.e., flowable, deformable and / or processable. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are flexible. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are moldable. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention can be molded by injection molding. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are suitable for injection molding. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are compatible with injection molding.

[0122] In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are formable or flowable under suitable conditions, including a temperature above the glass transition point of the biodegradable polymer and a pressure of 100 bar to 5000 bar, 300 bar to 5000 bar, 500 bar to 5000 bar, 500 bar to 3000 bar, 700 bar to 5000 bar, 700 bar to 3000 bar, 800 bar to 5000 bar, 800 bar to 3000 bar, 800 bar to 200 bar, including any ranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are formable or flowable under suitable conditions, including pressure as described herein and a temperature of 100°C to 250°C, 120°C to 250°C, 140°C to 250°C, 100°C to 220°C, 140°C to 220°C, 140°C to 180°C, 120°C to 180°C, 140°C to 170°C, 150°C to 180°C, including any ranges therebetween.

[0123] In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention is in the form of a solid mixture (or powdered composition). In some embodiments, the solid mixture is a granular material characterized by an average particle size of between 1 mm and 4 mm, between 2 mm and 4 mm, between 1 mm and 2 mm, between 2 mm and 3 mm, between 3 mm and 4 mm, or less than 3 mm, less than 2.8 mm, less than 2.5 mm, less than 2.3 mm, less than 2.1 mm, less than 2 mm, less than 1.8 mm, less than 1.5 mm, less than 1.3 mm, less than 1.1 mm, or between 1 and 2, between 1.5 and 2, including any range therebetween. In some embodiments, the mixture is substantially homogeneous (e.g., the concentration of each of the components of the mixture varies by no more than 20%, no more than 15%, no more than 10%, no more than 5%, or between 1% and 20%, between 1% and 15%, between 1% and 10%, including any range therebetween). As disclosed herein, the homogeneity of a mixture can be determined according to known methods, for example, taking at least 3 samples from the entire composition, determining the relative w / w concentration of one or more of the components of the mixture in each sample, and further calculating the standard deviation of the concentration of one or more of the components of the mixture. As disclosed above, the standard deviation of a homogeneous mixture measured as disclosed above should not exceed 20%.

[0124] In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention is in the form of a composite. The term "composite" generally refers to a mixture that cannot be separated into individual components by sorting alone without heating or using dissolution and / or extraction techniques. In addition, unlike a mixture (e.g., a powdered composition disclosed above), a "composite" cannot be separated into individual components without destroying its physical appearance, homogeneity, and / or functional properties. In some embodiments, the functional properties of a composite as used herein can be determined based on the amount of pressure required for thermal treatment of the composite (e.g., by injection molding or by extrusion). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a homogeneous composite requires lower pressure than a mixture.

[0125] In some embodiments, the composite is in the form of particles (e.g., granules). In some embodiments, the particles of the invention are characterized by a particle size range of between 0.01 mm and 10 mm, between 0.01 mm and 0.1 mm, between 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm, between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm, between 0.5 mm and 1 mm, between 1 mm and 2 mm, between 2 mm and 3 mm, between 3 mm and 5 mm, between 5 mm and 7 mm, between 7 mm and 10 mm, including any range or value therebetween.

[0126] In some embodiments, the composite is an extrudate. In some embodiments, the extrudate has a predetermined shape and / or size.

[0127] In some embodiments, the term "particle size" refers to an average particle size. In some embodiments, the term "particle size" refers to the average value of at least one dimension of particles in the composition (e.g., the radius or cross section of spherical particles, or the length and / or width dimensions of cylindrical particles). In some embodiments, the term "particle size" refers to the average cross-sectional value of particles in the composition (e.g., for particles with uneven shapes, or for particles without a definite shape). In some embodiments, the term "particle size" refers to the number average particle size. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the average particle size (e.g., number average particle size) can be measured according to known methods.

[0128] In some embodiments, a plurality of particles in the composition have a spherical shape, an elliptical shape, and / or a cylindrical shape. In some embodiments, the particles have a substantially uniform shape, or the particles are substantially non-uniform. In some embodiments, the particles have a random shape.

[0129] In some embodiments, the particles have a substantially cylindrical shape, wherein the average length dimension of the particles is between 0.1 mm and 20 mm, between 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm, between 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm, between 0.5 mm and 1 mm, between 1 mm and 2 mm, between 1 mm and 20 mm, between 1 mm and 10 mm, between 1 mm and 15 mm, between 2 mm and 3 mm, between 3 mm and 5 mm, including any ranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the average width (or cross-sectional) dimension of the particles is between 0.1 mm and 10 mm, between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, between 1 mm and 10 mm, between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, between 1 mm and 5 mm, between 2 mm and 10 mm, between 2 mm and 5 mm, including any ranges therebetween.

[0130] In some embodiments, the composition is in the form of a kit comprising particles as described herein, wherein the particles include a biodegradable polymer and a glidant. In some embodiments, the kit also includes waste particulate material. In some embodiments, the w / w ratio between the biodegradable polymer and the glidant in the particles is between 10:1 and 5:1, including any range therebetween.

[0131] In some embodiments, the kit includes instructions for mixing the particles with waste particulate material to obtain a composition of the present invention. In some embodiments, the kit includes instructions for mixing the particles with waste particulate material before feeding the resulting composition into a processing device (e.g., an injection molding machine). In some embodiments, the kit includes instructions for mixing the particles with waste particulate material, and the w / w ratio between the waste particulate material and the particles is between 10:1 and 2:1, including any range therebetween.

[0132] Products

[0133] The present invention is particularly useful for articles or containers used as food utensils, etc., or for agricultural and home gardening, such as plant pots, plug trays and any containers or receptacles for similar purposes. On the one hand, an article is provided, which includes at least one wall, which includes an organic waste component (e.g., a waste particulate material, such as compost) and a biodegradable polymer; and optionally a flow aid; wherein the weight of the biodegradable polymer in the composition is between 10% and 50%. In some embodiments, the components of the article of the present invention and / or the ratios between the components in the article are as described above for the composition of the present invention. In some embodiments, the wall of the article is solid. In some embodiments, the wall of the article has a predetermined geometric shape and / or size.

[0134] In some embodiments, the wall of the article is composed primarily of a uniform or homogeneous material. In some embodiments, the wall of the article is in the form of a composite, as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the wall of the article is characterized by sufficient mechanical strength (or stability) to support the growth of plants (e.g., when the article is a plant container), and / or to contain solid or liquid food substances (e.g., when the article is a plate). In some embodiments, the article is in the form of a container. In some embodiments, the wall of the container is impermeable. In some embodiments, the wall of the container is breathable (e.g., air, water vapor).

[0135] In another aspect of the present invention, an article is provided, which includes a composition of the present invention. In some embodiments, the article is a container. In some embodiments, the article is a food utensil or a planting article. In some embodiments, the article is a planting container.

[0136] In some embodiments, the articles of the present invention are stable (e.g., substantially retains its shape, geometry and is substantially free of structural defects or cracks, disintegration) when exposed to greenhouse conditions and / or irrigation for a period of at least 10 months, at least 6 months, at least 5 months, at least 4 months, at least 3 months, at least 2 months, at least 1 month, at least 3 weeks, including any ranges therebetween).

[0137] In some embodiments, the articles of the invention are stable when exposed to greenhouse conditions for a period ranging from 2 weeks to 10 months (m), 2w to 10m, 2w to 6w, 6w to 2m, 2m to 5m, 5m to 7m, 7m to 10m (including any range therebetween). The exact stabilization period is predetermined by the specific greenhouse cultivation time required for the plant.

[0138] In some embodiments, the term "stable" refers to the ability of an article to maintain at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% of its geometry and / or mechanical properties under greenhouse conditions. In some embodiments, the term "stable" refers to the ability of an article to maintain at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% of its geometry and / or mechanical properties under conventional storage conditions for a period of time ranging from 1 to 24 months (m), 1 m to 10 m, 2 m to 24 m, 5 m to 36 m (including any ranges therebetween).

[0139] In some embodiments, the stable articles of the present invention are substantially free of openings, cracks, or other structural defects after exposure to greenhouse conditions for the above-mentioned period of time. In some embodiments, the article is stable when the article substantially maintains its mechanical stability so that it is suitable for subsequent planting in an open field (e.g., by an automated planting process).

[0140] In some embodiments, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 99% (including any ranges therebetween) of the article of the present invention (or the entire volume of the article) has no structural defects (fall-through, cracks) after it is exposed to greenhouse conditions for a period of time ranging from 2 weeks to 10 months (m), 2w to 10m, 2w to 6w, 6w to 2m, 2m to 5m, 5m to 7m, 7m to 10m (including any ranges therebetween).

[0141] As used herein, the term "irrigation" refers to any known irrigation technique, such as drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, surface irrigation, subsurface irrigation, or any combination thereof.

[0142] In some embodiments, a stable article of the invention refers to an article configured to substantially maintain its function as a container for a period of time as described herein, for example, under normal storage conditions and / or under greenhouse conditions. In some embodiments, a stable article of the invention (such as a plant container) is configured to provide any of the following: (i) encloses at least 90%, at least 93%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 99%, at least 99.9% of a plant root, including any ranges therebetween; (ii) provides an effective barrier between the plant root and the environment (e.g., ambient atmosphere) sufficient to prevent damage to the plant root, wherein damage refers to mechanical damage (e.g., during transplantation) and / or damage caused by pests. In some embodiments, an article is stable when the article substantially (e.g., at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, including any ranges therebetween) maintains its mechanical stability (determined by a Punch test). In some embodiments, the stability of an article refers to the ability of the article to maintain at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, including any range therebetween, of its initial mechanical strength.

[0143] In some embodiments, the articles of the present invention retain at least 60%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80% of their initial mechanical strength (e.g., as determined by compressive strength analysis) under soil composting conditions for a period of at least 1 week, at least 2 weeks, at least 5 weeks, at least 6 weeks, at least 10 weeks, at least 12 weeks (including any value or range therebetween). In some embodiments, the articles of the present invention are stable under soil composting conditions for a period of 1 to 20 weeks, 2 to 20 weeks, 2 to 15 weeks, 1 to 12 weeks, 2 to 12 weeks, 2 to 10 weeks, 1 to 5 weeks (including any value or range therebetween).

[0144] In some embodiments, the article is biocompatible or bioerodible. In some embodiments, the article is at least partially degradable or biodegradable. In some embodiments, the article is at least partially erodible or bioerodible.

[0145] In some embodiments, after contact with soil, the mechanical properties (e.g., strength and / or elasticity) of the article are reduced. Without being bound by any theory, it is assumed that biodegradation is initiated by the degradation of organic matter such as biopolymers (e.g., flour) and organic waste components (e.g., wood and / or compost). After the organic matter is degraded, the article loses its structural integrity (e.g., shape or geometric form), resulting in a significant degradation of the article. Without being bound by any theory, it is assumed that articles lacking biopolymers (e.g., flour) have reduced biodegradability. In some embodiments, the article does not contain biopolymers (e.g., flour).

[0146] In some embodiments, the articles of the invention are characterized by any of compostability, biodegradability, and / or bioerodibility under ambient conditions (e.g., temperatures between -10°C and 50°C, between 10°C and 30°C, or between 5°C and 40°C, in the presence of microorganisms, normal atmospheric pressure, under aqueous or dry conditions, and under aerobic and / or anaerobic conditions) for a period of time ranging from 1 to 40 weeks, 5 to 20 weeks, 5 to 40 weeks, 5 to 18 weeks, 7 to 20 weeks, 7 to 15 weeks, 10 to 20 weeks, 12 to 20 weeks, 10 to 40 weeks, 15 to 40 weeks, 18 to 30 weeks, 15 to 30 weeks, 15 to 20 weeks, 5 to 20 weeks, 8 to 20 weeks, 8 to 15 weeks, including any ranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the articles of the present invention are soil compostable over a period of time ranging from 1 to 40 weeks, 5 to 20 weeks, 5 to 40 weeks, 5 to 18 weeks, 7 to 20 weeks, 7 to 15 weeks, 10 to 20 weeks, 12 to 20 weeks, 10 to 40 weeks, 15 to 40 weeks, 18 to 30 weeks, 15 to 30 weeks, 15 to 20 weeks, 5 to 20 weeks, 8 to 20 weeks, 8 to 15 weeks, including any ranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the articles of the present invention undergo disintegration (such that the article loses its shape / functional properties, such as mechanical strength) under soil composting conditions over a period of time ranging from 1 to 40 weeks, 5 to 20 weeks, 5 to 40 weeks, 5 to 18 weeks, 7 to 20 weeks, 7 to 15 weeks, 10 to 20 weeks, 12 to 20 weeks, 10 to 40 weeks, 15 to 40 weeks, 18 to 30 weeks, 15 to 30 weeks, 15 to 20 weeks, 5 to 20 weeks, 8 to 20 weeks, 8 to 15 weeks, including any ranges therebetween.

[0147] In some embodiments, the soil compostable product undergoes chemical or physical decomposition (also referred to herein as "disintegration"), where disintegration refers to (i) complete disintegration (such that compressive strength cannot be measured), or (ii) partial disintegration, such as the product having no more than 20%, no more than 10% of its initial mechanical strength (e.g., as determined by compressive strength analysis).

[0148] The term "compostable" encompasses industrially compostable, home compostable, soil compostable, or any combination thereof. The term "compostable" refers to the ability of a material to disintegrate after it has been exposed to enzymatic or microbial degradation (e.g., bacterial and / or fungal degradation, or degradation by other microorganisms).

[0149] As used herein, the term "disintegration", including any grammatical form thereof, includes the tendency of a material to chemically decompose or physically decompose into smaller fragments under composting conditions (e.g., open composting, anaerobic composting, soil composting, etc.). Chemical decomposition is an inherent property of the material itself, and the material can exhibit varying degrees of chemical decomposition, depending on the specific conditions to which it is exposed. Physical decomposition depends both on the material itself and on the physical size and construction of the test article.

[0150] The compostability of a product can be measured according to well-known tests, for example soil compostability can be determined according to ISO 17556 (2012).

[0151] In some embodiments, the articles of the invention are characterized by any of the following: 1) biodegradability, such that at least 90% of the carbon content is converted within 180 days; 2) disintegration, such that at least 90% of the material disintegrates within 40 weeks, within 30 weeks, or within 20 weeks; 3) does not contain heavy metals exceeding the threshold specified in the EN12423 standard; and 4) the contents after disintegration support future plant growth as humus; wherein each of these four conditions is tested according to ASTM D6400 or ISO 17088 or EN 13432 method.

[0152] The compostability of materials under home composting conditions may be tested according to ISO 14855-1 (2012) at ambient temperature (eg, between 20°C and 30°C), under aerobic composting conditions.

[0153] The biodegradability of materials under home composting conditions can be tested according to the French standard NF T 51-800 and the Australian standard AS 5810, where the material must show a total biodegradation of at least 90% (e.g. compared to the initial sample), or a suitable reference material biodegrades to at least 90% of the maximum degradation - after both the reference and the test item have reached a plateau. The maximum test duration for biodegradation under home composting conditions is 1 year.

[0154] Similar tests for determining the biodegradability or compostability of materials under industrial composting conditions are well known in the art (eg, ISO 16929 (2013)).

[0155] In some embodiments, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 99% w / w of the article is biodegradable or compostable (e.g., soil compostable). In some embodiments, the entire article is biodegradable. In some embodiments, the entire article is compostable.

[0156] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the composting / biodegradation time period can vary depending on: (i) the concentration of the thermoplastic polymer (e.g., increasing polyester concentration increases soil composting time as the thermoplastic polymer concentration increases); (ii) the physical dimensions of the article, such as wall thickness (e.g., increasing wall thickness will result in increased composting / biodegradation time). Thus, the inventors herein provide means for controlling the composting / biodegradation of the articles of the present invention by varying their composition and / or dimensions (e.g., wall thickness).

[0157] In some embodiments, the biopolymer enhances the biodegradability of the composition or article. In some embodiments, the article gradually loses its structural integrity over a period of 2 to 15 weeks (w), 2 to 4 w, 4 to 6 w, 8 to 10 w, 10 to 15 w, 9 to 12 w, 12 to 15 w (including any ranges therebetween) after contact with soil and / or water.

[0158] In some embodiments, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95% w / w of the article undergoes degradation or erosion within a time period of 2 days to 15 weeks (w), 2 to 7 d, 10 d to 10 w, 5 d to 10 w, 5 d to 5 w, 2 to 4 w, 4 to 6 w, 8 to 10 w, 10 to 15 w, 9 to 12 w, 12 to 15 w, including any ranges therebetween, after contacting it with soil.

[0159] In some embodiments, the articles of the invention are characterized by gradual or continuous degradation characteristics. In some embodiments, the articles of the invention are characterized by degradation characteristics adapted for the cultivation of annual plants and / or perennial plants. In some embodiments, the articles of the invention are configured to support the growth of seedlings in soil, thereby preventing mechanical or biological damage (e.g., damage caused by pests) to plant roots during and after planting; and promoting the growth (or breakthrough) of plant roots through the wall of the article.

[0160] In some embodiments, the article of the present invention is characterized by a predetermined degradation time. In some embodiments, the degradation time is sufficient to support plant growth and adaptation after transplanting it into the soil. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various plant species (such as annuals, perennials, ornamental plants and / or trees) require different adaptation times, so the degradation time of the article is predetermined by the adaptation time of the specific plant species. In some embodiments, the degradation time of the article of the present invention can be modified by controlling the chemical composition of the article (e.g., the concentration of the cured polymer, the degree of crosslinking, the ratio between the catalyst and the curable resin in the mixture, the concentration and ratio between flour and compost, and optionally the ratio between wood residues and flour and / or compost).

[0161] In some embodiments, after contact with soil, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80% of the geometric configuration or shape of the article is maintained for a period of time ranging from 2 to 15 weeks (w), 2 to 4w, 4 to 6w, 8 to 10w, 10 to 15w, 9 to 12w, 12 to 15w (including any ranges therebetween).

[0162] In some embodiments, the article of the present invention refers to a plant container comprising a cultivated plant, wherein the article comprising the cultivated plant is configured to substantially maintain its function as a container after it is contacted with soil (e.g., by transplanting) for a period of time sufficient for the plant to adapt to the soil (e.g., 2 to 15 weeks as described above). In some embodiments, the plant container is configured to provide at least one of the following after it is contacted with soil: (i) surround at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95% (including any ranges therebetween) of the plant roots; (ii) provide an effective barrier between the plant roots and the soil environment sufficient to prevent plant root damage, wherein damage refers to mechanical damage (e.g., during transplantation) and / or damage caused by pests.

[0163] In some embodiments, the preparations of the invention are substantially free of phytotoxicity.

[0164] In some embodiments, goods of the present invention are configured to support plant growth, such as under greenhouse conditions and / or under cultivation conditions, such as open field cultivation. In some embodiments, goods of the present invention are characterized by air permeability, water permeability and / or any one of the permeability of plant nutrients that are enough to support plant (cultivated plants, such as annual plants and / or perennial plants or trees) growth. Exact penetration value will depend on the specific needs of cultivated plants. In some embodiments, goods of the present invention include at least one permeable wall, wherein the permeable wall is characterized by air permeability, water permeability and / or the permeability of plant nutrients that are enough to support plant growth. In some embodiments, permeable wall promotes water and / or plant nutrients to penetrate through it with the amount and / or rate that are enough to support plant growth in both directions.

[0165] In some embodiments, the articles (e.g., planting articles) of the invention are characterized by swelling properties, for example, swelling after contact with a liquid (e.g., water) and / or soil. In some embodiments, the articles (e.g., planting articles) of the invention are characterized by swelling properties after contact with a liquid for a period of 12 h to 7 days, 12 h to 24 h, 24 h to 7 days, 24 h to 2 days, 12 h to 3 days, 24 h to 3 days (including any ranges therebetween).

[0166] In some embodiments, the articles of the present invention (e.g., food utensils) are characterized by substantial water impermeability, substantial water resistance, substantial water non-absorption, substantial non-swelling, or any combination thereof for any of 1 to 24 hours, 24 to 72 hours, or longer (including any ranges therebetween).

[0167] As used herein, the terms "water absorption" and "swelling" refer to the ability of an article to absorb water. As used herein, the terms "relatively non-absorbent" and "relatively non-swelling" refer to no water absorption at all, or to a water absorption rate of at most 10%, at most 5%, at most 3%, at most 1%, at most 0.5%, at most 0.1% of the weight of the article within a period of 1 to 24 hours, 24 to 72 hours (including any range therebetween). The water absorption rate can be measured by determining the increase in weight of the article after it is immersed in water for a predetermined period of time. As used herein, the terms "water absorption (rate)", "swelling", "relatively non-absorbent" and "relatively non-swelling" cover water or any aqueous solution at a temperature between 1°C and 70°C, between 10°C and 70°C, between 1°C and 50°C (including any range therebetween).

[0168] In a further aspect of the invention, the container or article of the invention may be coated or treated with a biodegradable coating comprising polylactic acid (PLA) or any biodegradable polymer known in the art. In some embodiments, a coating as described in PCT application PCT / IL2011 / 000739 may be used.

[0169] Reference now Figure 1 , which schematically shows a plant pot according to an embodiment of the present invention. The plant pot (10) may include a body (15) made of a composition according to an embodiment of the present invention (eg, any mixture described in the Examples).

[0170] A typical plant pot (10) includes drainage holes (11) at its bottom (12). According to one embodiment, the outer wall and / or inner wall of the body (15) of the plant pot (10) may be coated (respectively coatings 13a and 13b) by spraying or any other suitable coating method. The coatings (13a and 13b) may act as a sealant to prevent premature degradation of the organic mixture constituting the pot.

[0171] Reference now Figure 4, which schematically illustrates an exemplary article according to an embodiment of the present invention. A typical article (plant pot) (100) may include a drainage hole (111) in its bottom (112) and an opening (113) in its side wall (114). In some embodiments, the opening (113) may be any shape, such as a circular shape, an oval shape, a rectangular shape, a triangular shape, a trapezoidal shape, or a mixture of one or more shapes. In some embodiments, the opening (113) is in the form of a slit. In some embodiments, the opening (113) has an irregular shape.

[0172] In some embodiments, a typical article (plant pot) (100) may include openings (113) in its side walls (114) and no drainage holes (111) in its bottom (112). It is presumed that a plant pot that includes only openings (113) in its side walls (114) and no drainage holes (111) in its bottom (112) will provide improved protection against nematodes.

[0173] In some embodiments, the opening (113) is located in the sidewall (114) of an exemplary article of the present invention. In some embodiments, the sidewall (114) includes a single opening 113. In some embodiments, the sidewall (113) includes a plurality of openings (113), wherein a plurality refers to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 holes. In some embodiments, the plurality of openings (113) is located in a lower portion of the sidewall (114). In some embodiments, the openings (113) are parallel to each other and aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis (200).

[0174] In some embodiments, the opening (113) is characterized by a width dimension perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (200) between 0.4 and 1 cm, between 0.5 and 1 cm, between 0.4 and 0.6 cm, between 0.5 and 0.6 cm, between 0.6 and 0.7 cm, between 0.7 and 0.8 cm, between 0.8 and 0.9 cm, between 0.9 and 1 cm, including any range therebetween.

[0175] In some embodiments, the plurality of openings (113) are characterized by a length dimension parallel to the longitudinal axis (200) of between 1 and 3 cm, between 1 and 1.5 cm, between 1.5 and 2 cm, between 2 and 2.5 cm, between 2.5 and 3.0 cm, between 1.25 and 1.75 cm, between 1.5 and 2.5 cm, including any range therebetween.

[0176] In some embodiments, the openings (113) increase plant root aeration and improve drainage.

[0177] The plant pots can be made in various sizes, for example, with diameters of 5.5, 12 and 18 cm and capacities of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 L.

[0178] In some embodiments, a pot as described herein comprises a composition of the invention and optionally a coating. In some embodiments, a pot as described herein consists of or comprises the following: a composition, a coating, and soil / compost as planting bedding. In some embodiments, a pot as described herein consists of or comprises the following: a composition, a coating, soil / compost, and a plant.

[0179] In some embodiments, the average weight of the uncoated basins is: 75.0 ± 8.0 g. In some embodiments, the average weight of the uncoated basins is: 75.0 ± 6.0 g. In some embodiments, the average weight of the uncoated basins is: 75.0 ± 4.0 g. In some embodiments, the average weight of the uncoated basins is: 75.0 ± 3.0 g. In another embodiment, the phrase "uncoated basins" is an uncoated standard 12 cm basin. In another embodiment, a skilled technician can easily adapt physical properties and measures to larger or smaller basins.

[0180] In some embodiments, the article of the present invention (e.g., plant pot) is characterized by increased strength compared to any available plant pot. In some embodiments, the article of the present invention (e.g., plant pot) is characterized by increased strength compared to articles with similar composition and without cured thermosetting polymers. In some embodiments, the cured polymer increases the mechanical strength of the article. In some embodiments, the increased strength of the article promotes the manufacture of articles with reduced wall thickness. Therefore, the article comprising the composition of the present invention can have thinner walls (e.g., main body and / or base) without compromising the mechanical strength and / or elasticity of the article.

[0181] In some embodiments, the cross-section of the top of the article is between 8 cm and 15 cm, between 10 cm and 13 cm, between 10 cm and 15 cm, including any range therebetween. In some embodiments, the cross-section of the bottom of the article is between 3 cm and 8 cm, between 3 cm and 5 cm, between 5 cm and 7 cm, between 7 cm and 10 cm, including any range therebetween.

[0182] In some embodiments, the articles of the present invention have a body wall thickness of less than 0.4 cm, less than 0.3 cm, less than 0.2 cm, less than 0.19 cm, less than 0.18 cm, less than 0.17 cm, less than 0.16 cm, less than 0.15 cm, less than 0.13 cm, less than 0.11 cm, between 1 cm and 2 mm, between 1 cm and 1.5 mm, including any ranges therebetween.

[0183] In some embodiments, the articles as described herein have sufficient mechanical strength to support plant growth. In some embodiments, the articles as described herein have sufficient mechanical strength to facilitate automated planting.

[0184] In some embodiments, the articles of the present invention are particularly useful for articles or containers used in agriculture and home gardening, such as plant pots, plug trays, and any containers or receptacles for similar uses, including any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the articles of the present invention are biodegradable and / or bioerodible articles, such as planting containers, plant pots, plant trays, or any biodegradable and / or bioerodible containers or receptacles for similar uses. In some embodiments, the articles of the present invention are formed into food utensils.

[0185] In one exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the uncoated basin is as follows: upper edge 0.4±0.1 cm; body 0.1 to 0.15 cm; base 0.4 to 0.8 cm. In one exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the uncoated basin is as follows: upper edge 0.4±0.1 cm; body 0.1 to 0.15 cm; base 0.4 to 0.5 cm. In one exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the uncoated basin is as follows: upper edge 0.4±0.1 cm; body 0.1 to 0.15 cm; base 0.5 to 0.7 cm.

[0186] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a biodegradable tray for seedlings or young plants. Figure 2A A biodegradable tray according to one embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown. The tray (20) is composed of rows (and columns) of cells (21a, 21b, 21c, etc.) that are attached to each other or held together by a frame (25) to provide a matrix of cells. The cells (21a, 21b, 21c) are made of a biodegradable material (e.g., a mixture as exemplified herein). According to some embodiments, both the cells (21a, 21b, 21c) and the frame (25) are made of a biodegradable material.

[0187] As described in PCT / IL2011 / 000739, a tray according to embodiments of the present invention may further be fully or partially coated to achieve a "scheduled" disintegration of the biodegradable tray.

[0188] A planting tray according to another embodiment of the present invention is described in Figure 2B middle.

[0189] The tray (200) includes walls (202) and partitions (212) made of a biodegradable material (e.g., a mixture as described herein). The tray (200) is placed within a frame structure (215) such that the walls of the structure (215) surround the tray (200). The tray within the frame structure is placed on a cutting board (255), which is typically part of an automated planter.

[0190] In some embodiments, the article is characterized by a maximum compressive load between 100N and 5000N, between 200N and 2000N, between 100N and 2000N, between 500N and 5000N, between 500N and 2000N, between 500N and 1500N, including any ranges therebetween. The compressive load can be determined by known compression tests.

[0191] Manufacturing method

[0192] In another aspect, a method for making an article of the invention is provided, the method comprising providing a composition of the invention under suitable conditions to obtain a moldable composition; and processing the moldable composition to obtain an article of the invention, wherein the article is characterized by a predetermined shape, and wherein the composition is in the form of a mixture, or in the form of a composite, as disclosed above. In some embodiments, the method comprises providing the composition of the invention in the form of a composite (e.g., a granular composite) and molding the composition under suitable conditions according to a predetermined shape to obtain an article of the invention.

[0193] In some embodiments, the composite is a compounded composition (powdered composition) of the present invention. In some embodiments, the composite is made by mixing the components of the composition to obtain a homogenous mixture, and then or simultaneously providing the homogenous mixture under conditions suitable for compounding. In some embodiments, the composite is obtained by subjecting all components of the mixture or powdered composition to conditions suitable for hot melt processing (e.g., extrusion).

[0194] In some embodiments, the composite is made by mixing (or compounding) the components of the composition to obtain a mixture, and extruding the mixture to obtain an extrudate. In some embodiments, mixing and hot melt processing (e.g., extrusion) are performed subsequently (i.e., mixing first, then extruding) or simultaneously (e.g., in the same equipment).

[0195] In some embodiments, the molding method is: providing the composition under suitable conditions sufficient to induce the fluidity or moldability of the composition to obtain a moldable composition; and contacting the moldable composition with a mold. In some embodiments, the final shape of the article is predetermined. In some embodiments, the method also includes cooling the composition in the mold to obtain a solidified article, and also includes releasing the solidified article from the mold. In some embodiments, molding or processing includes molding the composition to obtain an article characterized by a predetermined shape.

[0196] In some embodiments, method comprises that composition of the present invention (i.e. powdered composition or composite) is provided under suitable conditions sufficient to obtain processable or moldable composition.In some embodiments, moldable composition is characterized by mechanical and / or rheological properties sufficient to be molded or processed by thermoplastic polymer processing (for example, selected from injection molding, extrusion, injection, hot blown film and molding or the process of its any combination).In some embodiments, moldable composition is flexible or deformable.In some embodiments, moldable composition is characterized by plasticity sufficient to substantially accept the shape of (adopt) mold (for example, processed by thermoplastic polymer).

[0197] In some embodiments, suitable conditions include a temperature above the glass transition point (Tg) of the biodegradable polymer and a pressure of 100 to 5000 bar, 300 to 5000 bar, 500 to 5000 bar, 500 to 3000 bar, 700 to 5000 bar, 700 to 3000 bar, 800 to 5000 bar, 800 to 3000 bar, 800 to 2000 bar (including any ranges therebetween). In some embodiments, suitable conditions include a temperature of at least 10°C, at least 50°C, at least 100°C above the Tg of the biodegradable polymer, including any ranges therebetween.

[0198] In some embodiments, suitable conditions include a pressure of 500 to 5000 bar and a temperature of 100 to 200°C, 100 to 180°C, 120 to 200°C, 120 to 180°C, 140 to 200°C, 140 to 180°C, 120 to 170°C, 140 to 170°C, 160 to 170°C, including any ranges therebetween.

[0199] In some embodiments, the method of making the article of the present invention comprises providing a composition of the present invention in an amount sufficient to shape the article into a predetermined (preterminal) shape and subjecting the composition to injection molding conditions. In some embodiments, the article of the present invention is obtained by injection molding a sufficient amount of the composition described herein. In some embodiments, the article of the present invention is an injection molded article comprising a composition of the present invention.

[0200] The term "injection molding" as used herein also encompasses injection pressure molding.

[0201] General considerations

[0202] As used herein, the term "about" refers to ± 10%.

[0203] The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "having" and their conjugates mean "including but not limited to."

[0204] The term "consisting of" means "including and limited to."

[0205] The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any implementation described as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations and / or to exclude the incorporation of features of other implementations.

[0206] The word “optionally” is used herein to mean “is provided in some embodiments and not provided in other embodiments.” Any particular embodiment of the present invention may include a number of “optional” features, unless such features are in conflict.

[0207] The terms "enhance" or "reduce" are an increase or decrease of at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 80%, at least 100%, at least 150%, at least 200%, at least 250%, at least 300%, including any range or value therebetween, compared to a control.

[0208] As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the term "a compound" or "at least one compound" may include a plurality of compounds, including mixtures thereof.

[0209] Throughout this application, various embodiments of the present invention may be presented in a range format. It should be understood that the range format description is only for convenience and brevity, and should not be interpreted as a rigid limitation on the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the description of the range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and single numerical values ​​within the range. For example, the description of a range such as 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed sub-ranges such as 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 1 to 5, 2 to 4, 2 to 6, 3 to 6, etc., and single numbers within the range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Regardless of the width of the range, this applies.

[0210] Whenever a numerical range is indicated herein, it is intended to include any referenced numeral (fractional or integer) within the indicated range. The phrases "range / range" between a first indicated numeral and a second indicated numeral and "range / range" from a first indicated numeral "to" a second indicated numeral are used interchangeably herein and are intended to include the first and second indicated numerals and all fractions and integers therebetween.

[0211] As used herein, the term "substantially" refers to at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 99%, at least 99.9%, including any range or value therebetween. In some embodiments, the term "substantially" is used interchangeably with the term "consisting mainly of..." in this article.

[0212] As used herein, the term "method" refers to ways, means, techniques and procedures for accomplishing a given task, including but not limited to those ways, means, techniques and procedures that are known or that can be readily developed from known ways, means, techniques and procedures by practitioners in the fields of chemistry, pharmacology, biology, biochemistry and medicine.

[0213] As used herein, the term "treating", "treating" or "treating" includes abrogating, substantially inhibiting, slowing or reversing the progression of a condition, substantially ameliorating the clinical or aesthetic symptoms of a condition, or substantially preventing the appearance of clinical or aesthetic symptoms of a condition.

[0214] It should be understood that certain features of the invention described in the context of separate embodiments for clarity may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention described in the context of a single embodiment for brevity may also be provided individually or in any suitable subcombination or as appropriate in any other described embodiment of the invention. Certain features described in the context of various embodiments should not be considered essential features of those embodiments unless the embodiment is inoperable without those elements.

[0215] Various embodiments and aspects of the present invention as described above and as claimed in the claims section below find experimental support in the following examples. Reference is now made to the following examples, which together with the above descriptions illustrate some embodiments of the present invention in a non-limiting fashion.

[0216] Example

[0217] By injection molding the exemplary compositions described herein, exemplary articles of the present invention comprising at least one wall composed of the composition of the present invention were manufactured. The inventors have successfully manufactured articles of the present invention by using a powdered composition (by subjecting the powdered composition to a compounding process prior to the article forming step), or alternatively by using pellets (i.e., compounded particles).

[0218] Specifically, plant pots (about 10.5 cm in diameter) were successfully manufactured by injection molding using 1-5 mm pellets, which included waste granular materials (e.g., sawdust and / or compost with a particle size of about 2-3 mm) and also included about 25-35% of a thermoplastic biodegradable polymer (e.g., PBAT (Origo-Bi, Novamont), or Matter-Bi (Novamont)) and about 1-7% of a flow aid (e.g., talc). The inventors further successfully manufactured articles containing up to 45% of a thermoplastic biodegradable polymer. The inventors further observed that clay minerals (e.g., talc) were superior to other flow aids.

[0219] The inventors (based on preliminary experimental results) assume that the content of biodegradable thermoplastic polymer can be reduced up to 10% w / w of the composition. The skilled person will understand that the exact manufacturing conditions (injection molding parameters) may vary depending on the injection molding machine parameters and the w / w ratio between polymer and waste material. Therefore, the skilled person can easily adapt the manufacturing conditions to a specific ingredient and / or a specific machine.

[0220] The injection molding is carried out at a pressure of about 800 bar and a temperature in the range of 140 to 170° C. In addition, higher temperatures of more than 200° C. can also be carried out for injection molding.

[0221] Surprisingly, the inventors have found that using compost as the waste particulate material can result in a reduction in the compression force required to shape an article (eg, by injection molding).

[0222] Figure 3A-3B and Figure 4 Exemplary articles are presented.

[0223] In addition, the exemplary article (eg, tableware) was impermeable to water for at least 12 hours after it was exposed to water (at room temperature). The article substantially retained its shape, and no swelling was observed.

[0224] In order to obtain the preliminary degradation characteristics of the article, the injection molded samples consisting of the composition of the present invention and having variable PBAT content were buried in the soil. After 1 month, 2 months and 3 months, the physical degradation of the samples was visually inspected. Under soil composting conditions, the sample containing 10% of the biodegradable polymer produced significant degradation (e.g., mechanical strength was greatly reduced) after 2 months, while the sample containing 20% ​​of the biodegradable polymer produced significant degradation after 3.5 months. These results show that the article of the present invention is substantially biodegradable, and the degradation rate can be adjusted by changing the composition and / or size of the article.

[0225] Furthermore, the inventors have surprisingly observed that the use of compost with low residual metal content leads to reduced wear of molds when it is used extensively during the manufacturing process.

[0226] The inventors tested the soil compostability of exemplary articles of the present invention. Briefly, two articles consisting of Matter-Bi as a thermoplastic biodegradable polymer and further containing talc as a flow aid and compost as waste particulate material were tested. The first article had a wall thickness of 1.5 mm and contained 40% by weight of Matter-Bi. The second article had a wall thickness of 1.2 mm and contained 45% by weight of Matter-Bi. The mechanical strength of the articles before and after composting has been tested by applying a compressive force to them until the articles break.

[0227] The results of these tests show that the second product substantially maintained its stability for a period of at least about 7 weeks under soil composting conditions (maximum load of about 750 N, compared to a maximum load of about 880 N for the initial product before composting). In addition, even after 13 weeks of soil composting, the first product showed sufficient mechanical strength (maximum load of about 820 N, about 60% of the maximum load of the initial product). After about 18 weeks of soil composting, the first product completely disintegrated, making it impossible to conduct reliable compression tests.

Claims

1. A composition comprising waste particulate material and a biodegradable polymer; wherein the biodegradable polymer comprises a thermoplastic polymer; the weight percentage of the biodegradable polymer in the composition is between 10% and 50%; and wherein the composition is flowable at a temperature between 100°C and 250°C.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises between 0.5% w / w and 10% w / w of a glidant, and wherein the composition is in the form of a composite material.

3. The composition according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the composition is characterized by a moisture content of less than 0.5%.

4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the biodegradable polymer is characterized by a melt flow index (MFI) between 30 and 80.

5. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the biodegradable polymer comprises polyester, thermoplastic starch, thermoplastic polysaccharide derivatives, including any copolymers or any mixtures thereof.

6. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the polyester is selected from polybutylene adipate-terephthalate (PBAT), polybutylene succinate-adipate (PBSA), PLA, PLGA, PGA, polyamino acid, including any copolymer or any mixture thereof.

7. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the waste particulate material comprises an organic waste component selected from wood chips, soil, sawdust, compost, biomass and ash, or any combination thereof; and wherein the waste particulate material is characterized by an average particle size between 1 mm and 4 mm.

8. The composition according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the glidant comprises clay minerals, waxes, glycerol, ethylene glycol, fatty acids, amino acids, proteins, including any esters thereof, or any combination thereof.

9. The composition according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the weight portion of the biodegradable polymer in the composition is between 15% and 30%, the weight portion of the glidant in the composition is between 1% and 5%, and wherein the biodegradable polymer is or includes the polyester.

10. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9 further comprising between 0.1% w / w and 10% w / w of a water absorbent.

11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the water absorbing agent comprises monosaccharide or disaccharide, flour, starch, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose, cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone and glycolic acid starch, including any salt or any combination thereof.

12. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the composition is formable under conditions suitable for injection molding.

13. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the composition is in the form of pellets characterized by an average size between 1 mm and 10 mm.

14. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the composition is a thermoplastic material.

15. An article comprising at least one wall, wherein the at least one wall comprises the composition of any one of claims 1 to 14, and wherein the article is compostable.

16. The article of claim 15, wherein the article is soil compostable within a predetermined period of time ranging from 2 days to 20 weeks.

17. The article of claim 15 or 16, wherein the wall is characterized by a wall thickness of between 1 mm and 5 mm.

18. The article of any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the article is in the form of a container.

19. An article according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the article is in the form of a planting article or tableware.

20. The article of any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein the article is stable under greenhouse conditions for a predetermined period of time ranging from 3 days to 10 months.

21. The article according to any one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that (i) air permeable; and (ii) at least partially water impermeable.

22. A method for manufacturing an article as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 21, the method comprising providing the composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14 under suitable conditions to obtain a formable composition; and processing the formable composition to obtain the article having a predetermined shape.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the suitable conditions are sufficient to induce flowability of the composition.

24. A method according to claim 22 or 23, wherein said processing comprises moulding said formable composition.

25. A method according to any one of claims 22 to 24, wherein the suitable conditions include a pressure between 500 and 5000 bar and a temperature between 100°C and 250°C.

26. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 25, wherein the method is performed by injection molding.

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