Method for reducing double cropping rice field sink machine based on corner mechanical compaction

Abstract

The application provides a method for reducing paddy field sinking based on corner mechanical compaction and belongs to the technical field of improving ploughing quality.The method for reducing paddy field sinking based on corner mechanical compaction comprises the following steps: when the paddy field is winter fallow and has no accumulated water, the surface soil layer of the corner area of the field is stripped, the area where the surface soil layer is stripped is rolled, and the surface soil layer is backfilled after rolling is completed.The corner area of the paddy field can be quickly relieved from the problem of deepening of the ploughing layer by rolling and compacting the corner area of the paddy field by excavators of different models, the problem of frequent sinking of various agricultural machines is reduced, the soil tightness can be appropriately increased, the paddy field fertility can be enhanced, the stable yield and yield increase of the paddy field crops are facilitated, and the food security is ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of improving the quality of cultivated land, and particularly relates to a method for reducing water field sinking based on mechanical compaction at a corner. BACKGROUND

[0002] Rice is the first staple crop in China, and the yield of double-crop rice accounts for 61.3% of the total rice yield. Stabilizing and increasing the double-crop rice planting area and yield is of great strategic significance to the national food security. However, with the increasing large-scale of agricultural machinery in the process of rice cultivation, planting and harvesting, rotary tillers (0.1-1.2 tons), transplanter (0.1-0.4 tons), and harvesters (1.5-4 tons) are used, among which the load of light rice harvester is 2 tons (1.5 tons of self weight and 0.5 tons of rice), and the load of heavy rice harvester is 5.5 tons (4 tons of self weight and 1.5 tons of rice). In addition, the early rice harvesting coincides with the rainy season, which leads to the breaking of the plow pan and the deepening of the plow layer in the corner area of the double-crop rice field. At the same time, the deepening of the plow layer in the corner area leads to frequent sinking of the machine, which delays the farming time and exacerbates the seasonal contradiction in double-crop rice production, seriously restricting the long-term sustainable use of double-crop rice fields and being not conducive to the stable and high yield of double-crop rice throughout the year. At present, there are few studies on the deepening of the plow layer in double-crop rice fields, and most of them are through winter planting of rape, vegetables or fallow to alleviate the problem of deepening of the plow layer, but the above-mentioned methods are slow in effect, high in labor input, and difficult to be applied in a large area.

[0003] In fact, this phenomenon is not limited to double-crop rice fields. Under the high-intensity operation of large agricultural machinery, water fields in general are suffering from similar problems to varying degrees. Single-crop rice planting water fields also face the heavy pressure of agricultural machinery during the cultivation, planting and harvesting stages, and although there are differences in the planting cycle between single-crop rice and double-crop rice, the difficulty of repairing the damaged soil does not decrease; water fields for planting other aquatic crops such as lotus root and water chestnut also face the problems of soil plow layer change and increased risk of sinking after the introduction of large-scale excavation and harvesting machinery during harvesting.

[0004] Therefore, how to deal with the negative effects of large-scale agricultural machinery on various water fields has become a difficult problem to be solved in the process of agricultural modernization, which is related to the stability and development of the entire water field agricultural ecology. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method for reducing water field sinking based on mechanical compaction at a corner, which can appropriately increase the soil tightness of the corner area of the water field, reduce the number of sinking, and quickly alleviate the problem of deepening of the plow layer.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the application, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for reducing paddy field sinking based on corner mechanical compaction comprises the following steps: when the paddy field is in winter fallow and without accumulated water, stripping the surface soil layer of the corner area of the field, and rolling the area where the surface soil layer is stripped, and backfilling the surface soil layer after rolling.

[0008] Preferably, the area of the corner area of the field is 2-4m*2-4m.

[0009] Preferably, the surface soil layer is stripped by 15-18cm.

[0010] Preferably, the stripping and rolling are performed by a crawler excavator.

[0011] More preferably, the crawler excavator is selected from any one of large, medium and small excavators; the large excavator weighs 20-30 tons, the medium excavator weighs 10-20 tons, and the small excavator weighs 8-10 tons.

[0012] More preferably, the rolling is performed for the following number of times:

[0013] N=(Y-5) / 5+X n

[0014] In the formula, N is the number of rolling times, unit: times, taking an integer, rounding off; Y is the continuous planting period of crops, unit: years; X is the number of rolling times of different types of excavators, large excavator X1, medium excavator X2, and small excavator X3 are respectively assigned values of 1, 2 and 3. n

[0015] Preferably, after the rolling is completed, three ditches are opened in time to ensure that the ditches are connected, and field drainage during the winter fallow period is ensured.

[0016] Preferably, after the rolling is completed, the field is dried for 2-3 days, and then the surface soil layer is backfilled.

[0017] Preferably, the paddy field is a double-cropping rice field.

[0018] The application also provides application of the method in double-cropping rice cultivation and land preparation.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] Under the prior art, the deepening of the plough layer of a paddy field (such as a double-cropping rice field) is mostly alleviated by winter planting of rape, vegetables or fallow, which can alleviate the deepening of the plough layer, but the effect is slow, the labor input is high, and it is difficult to apply on a large scale. The application can quickly alleviate the deepening of the plough layer of the corner area of a paddy field by rolling and compacting the corner area of the paddy field by different types of excavators (large, medium and small excavators), reduce the problem of frequent sinking of various agricultural machinery, save the expenses for frequent sinking and rescue, ensure the orderly development of agricultural activities, and is conducive to stable and increased production of paddy field crops and food security.​

[0021] For double-season rice field, construction in winter idle period, does not affect double-season rice planting, is conducive to stabilizing double-season rice planting scale; relieve double-season rice field corner area plough layer deepening, also can increase soil tightness degree appropriately, promote double-season rice field fertilizer retention capacity to be strengthened. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The application provides a method for reducing paddy field sinking machine based on corner mechanical compaction, which comprises the following steps: when the paddy field is idle and has no water, stripping the surface soil layer of the field corner area, and rolling the area where the surface soil layer is stripped, and backfilling the surface soil layer after rolling is completed.

[0023] In the application, the area of the field corner area is preferably 2-4m*2-4m, and is further preferably 3m*3m.

[0024] In the application, the surface soil layer is preferably stripped by 15-18cm, and is further preferably 16-17cm.

[0025] In the application, the stripping and rolling are preferably performed by a crawler excavator; the crawler excavator is further preferably selected from any one of large, medium and small excavators, wherein the large excavator weighs 20-30 tons, the medium excavator weighs 10-20 tons, and the small excavator weighs 8-10 tons; the power of the large excavator is more preferably 180-360kw, the power of the medium excavator is more preferably 80-135kw, and the power of the small excavator is more preferably 30-50kw.

[0026] In the application, the rolling is preferably performed for the following number of times:

[0027] N=(Y-5) / 5+X n

[0028] In the formula, N is the number of rolling times, the unit is times, the value is an integer, and rounding is performed; Y is greater than or equal to 5, that is, the continuous planting period of crops, the unit is years (after 5 years of crop planting, the corner area needs to be compacted, so Y is greater than or equal to 5); X n is the number of rolling times of excavators of different types, and the large excavator X1, the medium excavator X2 and the small excavator X3 are respectively assigned values of 1, 2 and 3. Taking a double-season rice field as an example, the number of rolling times of excavators of different types under continuous double-season rice planting is shown in Table 1.

[0029] Table 1 Number of rolling times of excavators of different types under continuous double-season rice planting

[0030]

[0031] In the application, after rolling is completed, three furrows are preferably opened in time to ensure that the furrows are connected and field drainage during the winter idle period is good; the furrow, the waist furrow and the surrounding furrow are further preferably 20cm, 30cm and 40cm respectively to ensure the rolling quality.

[0032] In the present application, preferably, after the rolling is completed, the field is exposed to the sun for 2-3 days, and then the topsoil layer is backfilled to enhance the rolling effect.

[0033] In the present application, preferably, the paddy field is a double-cropping rice field.

[0034] In the present application, the soil compactness at the corner of the field after mechanical rolling is:

[0035] D=D0+10N%×D0

[0036] In the formula, D is the soil compactness, unit Pa; D0 is the compactness of the corner of the field before mechanical rolling. Taking a double-cropping rice field as an example, the plough layer depth and the number of times of sinking after rolling by excavators of different types are shown in Table 2.

[0037] Table 2 Plough layer depth and number of times of sinking after rolling by excavators of different types

[0038]

[0039] Note: In the table, "-" indicates that the plough layer becomes deeper. For example, when the planting period is 6 years, the plough layer becomes shallower by 2 cm, which means that the plough layer becomes 2 cm deeper after 6 years of double-cropping rice planting; when the planting period is 16 years, the plough layer becomes shallower by 8 cm, which means that the plough layer becomes 8 cm deeper after 16 years of double-cropping rice planting.

[0040] The present application also provides the use of the above method in the cultivation and soil preparation of double-cropping rice. Double-cropping rice is planted twice a year, and the harvester is used twice to harvest, which causes the most damage to the corners of the paddy field, and there are contradictions in the production season of double-cropping rice. Therefore, the method of the present application is particularly suitable for double-cropping rice fields and solves the problem of ploughing.

[0041] The technical solutions provided by the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A method for reducing the sinking of double-cropping rice fields based on mechanical compaction at the corner, comprising the following steps:

[0044] (1) After the double-cropping rice is harvested, in the winter idle period, under the condition that the weather is sunny and there is no water accumulation in the field, a large excavator is used to strip the topsoil layer 18 cm at the corner of the field 4 m x 4 m, and then the excavator track is used to roll the topsoil layer stripping area. Under weather conditions, the field is exposed to the sun for 2-3 days after rolling, and then the topsoil is backfilled to enhance the rolling effect; the parameters of the large excavator are: power: 180-360 kw, weight: 20-30 tons.

[0045] (2) The design method of the number of times of rolling at the corner of the field is as follows:

[0046] N=(Y-5) / 5+X n

[0047] N = (Y-5) / 5+X n N = (Y-5) / 5+X

[0048] (3) After compaction, timely ditching, ridge ditch (20 cm), waist ditch (30 cm) and surrounding ditch (40 cm) to ensure that the ditch is connected, and good field drainage during winter idle period to ensure compaction quality.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] A method for reducing double-cropping rice field sinking based on corner mechanical compaction, the steps are as follows:

[0051] (1) After double-cropping rice is harvested, in the winter idle period, choose sunny weather and no water in the field, use a medium excavator to strip the 16 cm surface layer of the 3m x 3m corner area of the field, then use the excavator track to compact the stripped surface layer area. Under weather conditions, after compaction, dry the field for 2-3 days before backfilling the surface soil to enhance the compaction effect; medium excavator parameters: power: 80-135kw, weight 10-20 tons.

[0052] (2) The design method of the number of times of compaction of the corner of the field is as follows:

[0053] N = (Y-5) / 5+X n

[0054] N = (Y-5) / 5+X n N = (Y-5) / 5+X

[0055] (3) After compaction, timely ditching, ridge ditch (20 cm), waist ditch (30 cm) and surrounding ditch (40 cm) to ensure that the ditch is connected, and good field drainage during winter idle period to ensure compaction quality.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] A method for reducing double-cropping rice field sinking based on corner mechanical compaction, the steps are as follows:

[0058] (1) After the double cropping rice is harvested, in the winter idle period, under the condition of sunny weather and no water accumulation in the field, the 2m*4m surface soil layer of 15cm in the corner area of the field is stripped using a small excavator, and then the surface soil layer stripping area is rolled using the excavator track. Under weather conditions, the field is dried for 2-3 days after rolling, and then the surface soil is backfilled to enhance the rolling effect; the small excavator parameters are: power: 30-50kw, weight 8-10 tons.

[0059] (2) The design method of the rolling times of the corner of the field is as follows:

[0060] N=(Y-5) / 5+X n

[0061] In the formula, the rolling times (N, unit: times) of the corner of the field are an integer value, rounded off; the continuous planting period of double cropping rice (Y, unit: years, Y≥5) is that after double cropping rice is planted for 5 years, the corner needs to be compacted; X n represents the compaction times of different types of excavators matched with double cropping rice planted for 5 years, and the small excavator (X3) is assigned a value of 3.

[0062] (3) After compaction, timely ditching is performed, and ridge ditches (20cm), waist ditches (30cm) and surrounding ditches (40cm) are formed to ensure that the ditches are connected, field drainage during the winter idle period is good, and the compaction quality is guaranteed.

[0063] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the technical field, several improvements and refinements can be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for reducing water pan formation in a paddy field based on corner-turning mechanical compaction, characterized by, When the paddy field is idle and has no water, the surface soil layer of the field corner area is stripped, and the stripped surface soil layer area is rolled, and after rolling, the surface soil layer is backfilled; The stripping and rolling are performed using a crawler excavator; The rolling is performed for times, wherein N=(Y-5) / 5+Xn, wherein N is the rolling times, Y is the continuous planting years of crops, and Xn is the rolling times of different types of excavators. The area of the field corner area is 2-4m x 2-4m. The surface soil layer is stripped by 15-18cm.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The crawler excavator is selected from any one of large, medium and small excavators; the large excavator weighs 20-30 tons, the medium excavator weighs 10-20 tons, and the small excavator weighs 8-10 tons.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, After the rolling is completed, three ditches are opened in time to ensure that the ditches are connected, and the field drainage during the idle period is ensured.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, After the rolling is completed, the field is dried for 2-3 days, and then the surface soil layer is backfilled.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The paddy field is a double-cropping rice field.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, 8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7 is applied to the cultivation and soil preparation of double-cropping rice.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, ​ ​

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