Strip-shaped phase growth cultivation method for newly planted sugarcanes

Abstract

The invention provides a strip-shaped phase growth cultivation method for newly-planted sugarcane. The method mainly comprises the key steps of sugarcane seedling preparation, seeding planning, strip-shaped phase growth cultivation of the sugarcane and the like. After a sugarcane field is prepared, sugarcane varieties are screened and prepared according to the area of the sugarcane field, and sugarcane seedlings are sown by pulling a sugarcane planting machine through a pulling machine in flat ground, platform ground and gentle slope ground sugarcane areas; manual seeding is carried out in a sugarcane area with a relatively large slope; and the varieties are in strip-shaped alternate layout. After a sugarcane variety is prepared, a sugarcane planting machine is selected in flat ground, platform ground and gentle slope ground sugarcane areas for deep ditching and sowing, strip-shaped growing seeding is performed according to a plan, and strip-shaped growing seedling placement is performed according to the plan by utilizing an artificial planting method. According to the cultivation method provided by the invention, the yield of the sugarcanes can be increased, the yield of the sugarcanes is increased by 570.15-968.98 kg / mu, and the amplification is 7.56%-11.82%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a method for cultivating multiple varieties of newly planted sugarcane in strips. Background Art

[0002] Sugar is an important agricultural product in my country, mainly cane sugar in the south and beet sugar in the north. In the 2023 / 2024 crushing season, my country's sugar planting area is 19.109 million mu, and sugar production has recovered to 9.9632 million tons, accounting for about 88% of my country's total sugar production. Sugarcane is the most important sugar crop in my country, mainly planted in southern sugarcane areas such as Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, and Hainan. The development of high-yield and high-sugar sugarcane cultivation technology is of great strategic significance to ensuring the security of my country's sugar industry.

[0003] Sugarcane cultivation has a long history, and cultivation technology has been continuously improving with the development of the sugarcane industry. At present, there are two main existing technologies that are closest to increasing sugarcane yields through cultivation technology: (1) A green, sustainable and high-yield planting method for sugarcane (ZL 201610208425.0), which mainly discloses strengthening scientific planting and harvesting from the two key periods of sugarcane planting and harvesting, but the planting method is to plant a single high-yield and high-sugar variety. Long-term planting of a single variety is prone to outbreaks of pests and diseases. At present, the large-scale promotion and application of a single variety in sugarcane areas has shown a trend of serious pests and diseases, leading to an increase in the use of pesticides. (2) A drought-resistant and lodging-resistant root-wrapping cultivation method for sugarcane (ZL 202010778889.1). Before planting sugarcane, the roots of the transplanted seedlings are wrapped with a root-wrapping matrix. This method improves the lodging resistance of sugarcane to a certain extent, but this cultivation method increases the operation steps of sugarcane production, and seedling cultivation requires standardized operations, which also increases the input cost accordingly. Since the cultivation methods in the above-mentioned prior art mainly use single-variety equal row spacing or wide and narrow row planting technology, the sugarcane seedlings in small sugarcane areas are single, and even the sugarcane areas of the entire unit sugar factory are single. The planting area of ​​a single variety in some sugarcane areas has exceeded 60%, and the high-yield and high-sugar characteristics of the sugarcane variety have not been fully utilized. At the same time, it is also easy to increase the risk of outbreaks of diseases and insect pests.

[0004] Therefore, in order to solve the defects in the prior art, a new cultivation method for newly planted sugarcane needs to be proposed, which can achieve diversified management of sugarcane, increase the yield and sugar content of sugarcane, and provide a theoretical basis for promoting the development of sugarcane. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims at the problems existing in the above-mentioned existing sugarcane production technology, such as long-term continuous planting of a single sugarcane variety on the same plot, frequent pests and diseases, easy lodging, etc., to reform the traditional single-variety cultivation technology mode, realize high-yield, high-sugar and efficient management of sugarcane through cultivation of multiple varieties that promote each other's growth, and provide a method for cultivating multiple varieties of newly planted sugarcane in strips. The technology of the present invention is combined with the requirements of high-quality development of the sugarcane industry. In the process of sugarcane production, it changes the traditional single-variety cultivation mode, breaks the routine, and makes full use of the role of mutual promotion of growth between varieties, realizes the staggered layout of multiple varieties in strips, and expands the source, strengthens the flow, and increases the reservoir, thereby achieving diversified, green, and standardized management of sugarcane, increasing sugarcane yield and helping farmers increase their income.

[0006] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a method for growing newly planted sugarcane in strips, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) After the sugarcane field is prepared, the number of sugarcane varieties to be selected according to the area of ​​the sugarcane field;

[0008] (2) Select different sugarcane varieties according to different altitudes;

[0009] (3) Planting sugarcane seedlings according to the topography of the sugarcane field;

[0010] (4) Strip cultivation of sugarcane: After the sugarcane seedlings are ready, a sugarcane planter is used to dig deep furrows for sowing in the sugarcane areas on flat land, terraces, and gently sloping land. The furrow spacing is 1.15-1.45m, the furrow depth is 25-30cm, and the strip cultivation is carried out according to the plan using a sugarcane planter. After sowing, the thickness of the soil is 5-10cm;

[0011] In the sugarcane area with a relatively large slope, a small excavator is used to dig trenches directly, with a row spacing of 1.15-1.45m and a trench depth of 40-50cm. The seedlings are placed in strips by artificial planting methods, and the thickness of the soil after planting is 10-15cm;

[0012] In the strip-shaped cultivation, each sugarcane variety is planted in 1-2 rows, a single variety is planted in a width of 1.15-2.90m and a length of 100-150m, and the varieties are arranged in a cross-rotation pattern.

[0013] Furthermore, the specific operation of (1) is: when the sugarcane field area is 200 mu or more, select 3-4 sugarcane varieties; when the sugarcane field area is 100-200 mu, select 2-3 sugarcane varieties; when the sugarcane field area is less than 100 mu, select 2 sugarcane varieties.

[0014] Furthermore, the specific operation of (3) is as follows: when the terrain of the sugarcane field is flat, terraced or gently sloping, the sugarcane planter is towed by a tractor to plant sugarcane seedlings, with 1-2 rows of each variety planted, and the varieties are arranged alternately; when the slope of the terrain of the sugarcane field is relatively large, the planting is done manually; when the terrain of the sugarcane field is terraced or the plot is long, different sugarcane varieties are planted by rotating up and down in each terraced sugarcane area or rotating forward and backward every 100-150m.

[0015] Furthermore, different sugarcane varieties are selected at different altitudes in (2).

[0016] In sugarcane areas with an altitude of 1,600-2,000 meters, the selected sugarcane varieties include: Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51;

[0017] In the sugarcane areas with an altitude of 1200-1600 meters, the selected sugarcane varieties include: Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, Yunzhe 141313, Yunzhe 16558, and Guiliu 05-136;

[0018] In sugarcane areas below 1,200 meters above sea level, available sugarcane varieties include: Yunzhe 141313, Guiliu 03-182, and virus-free healthy seedlings Yuetang 93-159 and Yuetang 00-236.

[0019] Furthermore, the preparation of sugarcane seedlings in (4) is specifically to use electric saws or manual chopping to cut or chop the sugarcane seedlings into 3-6 bud sections in sugarcane areas on flat land, terraces, and gently sloping land; and to use chopping tools to chop the entire sugarcane seedling into 3-4 sections in sugarcane areas with relatively large slopes.

[0020] Furthermore, when the sugarcane varieties are Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, Yunzhe 141313, Yunzhe 16558, Guiliu 05-136, and Guiliu 03-182, the furrow spacing is 1.25-1.45m; when the sugarcane varieties are the virus-free healthy seedlings Yuetang 93-159 and Yuetang 00-236, the furrow spacing is 1.15-1.25m.

[0021] Furthermore, the method further comprises:

[0022] (5) Timely fertilization and pesticide application, soil covering and film covering: In sugarcane areas on flat land, terraces and gently sloping land, the production steps of trenching and planting sugarcane are completed by integrated sugarcane planting machines. In dry sugarcane areas, full film covering is adopted. In sugarcane areas with good soil moisture, wide film double-ditch covering or narrow film covering is adopted. In sugarcane areas with relatively large slopes, the production steps of trenching and planting sugarcane are completed manually, and the film covering adopts full film covering.

[0023] (6) Intertillage, fertilization, soiling and aerial pest control: For sugarcane areas covered with wide-film double-ditch covering or narrow-film covering, intertillage, fertilization and soiling management should be carried out in time after the film is removed; all sugarcane areas should strengthen pest and disease inspections, and use drones to carry out pest control in time in sugarcane areas affected by pests and diseases.

[0024] Furthermore, (5) for plots covered with medium film, the fertilization method is one-time full fertilizer application; for plots covered with wide film double furrows or narrow film, the fertilization method is two-time fertilization, i.e. one base fertilizer and one topdressing, and the base fertilizer application amount is 10%-20% of the amount used in the entire growth period of sugarcane.

[0025] Furthermore, (6) intertillage, fertilization and soil-building for sugarcane refers to the use of an intertillage, fertilization and soil-building integrated machine or manual fertilization in combination with small-scale soil-building to complete intertillage management, with the amount of topdressing applied being 80%-90% of the amount used during the entire growth period of the sugarcane, and soil-building being carried out after fertilization, with the thickness of the soil-building being 10-15 cm.

[0026] Beneficial Effects

[0027] (1) Increased sugarcane production and improved farmers’ income from sugarcane cultivation

[0028] The present invention changes the traditional mode of planting a single sugarcane variety on the same plot, invents a strip-cross planting method for multiple varieties on the same plot, and develops multiple strip-cross planting modes according to local conditions, which promotes the development of modern sugarcane cultivation technology and promotes significant progress in sugarcane production technology. Compared with the existing single-variety planting on the same plot or large-scale single-variety planting technology, the present invention can enhance the mutual promotion of growth between varieties, achieve plant type complementarity between different varieties, enhance the photosynthesis of sugarcane, and achieve the purpose of expanding the source, strengthening the flow, and increasing the reservoir of sugarcane, thereby increasing the sugarcane yield by 570.15-968.98kg / mu, an increase of 7.56%-11.82%. According to the raw material price of Yunnan sugar cane of 0.47 yuan / kg, the farmers' income from sugarcane planting can be increased by 267.97-455.21 yuan / mu.

[0029] (2) Reduced the damage caused by borers in sugarcane fields and reduced the use of chemical pesticides

[0030] The present invention provides strip-cross planting of multiple varieties on the same plot, which increases the number of varieties of sugarcane planted in the sugarcane field, increases the biodiversity of the sugarcane field, and can effectively reduce the occurrence of sugarcane pests, thereby reducing the input of pesticides. Through experimental investigation, it is found that compared with traditional single-variety planting, strip-cross planting of multiple varieties can reduce the damage caused by sugarcane borers, and the node rate and plant rate of borer damage are 1.25% and 3% respectively, which are respectively reduced by 47.03% and 57.14% compared with traditional planting.

[0031] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by describing in more detail the exemplary embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments of the present application.

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the strip-shaped cultivation of multiple varieties of newly planted sugarcane according to the present invention;

[0034] Specific numbers in the figure:

[0035] 1: Sugarcane variety 1 planting area;

[0036] 2: Sugarcane variety 2 planting area;

[0037] 3: Sugarcane variety 3 planting area;

[0038] 4: Sugarcane variety 4 planting area;

[0039] 5: First ditch sugarcane planting location;

[0040] 6: Second ditch sugarcane planting location;

[0041] 7: The third ditch sugarcane planting position, and the following ones are similar;

[0042] 8: Sugarcane seedlings;

[0043] 9: Location of Sugarcane Ditch;

[0044] 10: sugarcane ridge position;

[0045] 11: sugarcane row spacing;

[0046] 12: Sugarcane Bank President. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0048] The present invention is further described by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope thereof.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] The present invention provides a method for growing multiple varieties of newly planted sugarcane in strips, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0051] (1) Sugarcane field preparation: In March 2023, deep plowing and deep tillage were carried out in a 180-mu gently sloping sugarcane field in Nongba Village, Gengma Town, Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province. The tillage depth was 50 cm, and the land was harrowed twice immediately after tillage.

[0052] (2) Variety preparation: In March 2023, after the sugarcane field is prepared, two sugarcane varieties will be selected: Yunzhe 081609 and Yuetang 93-159 (virus-free healthy seedlings).

[0053] (3) Planting plan: Use a sugarcane planter to plant sugarcane seedlings. The planting method is to plant two rows of each variety, with the varieties arranged in alternating rows.

[0054] (4) Sugarcane strip cultivation: In March 2023, sugarcane planters were used to carry out strip cross planting according to the plan, with a furrow spacing of 1.20 m and a furrow depth of 30 cm. After planting, the soil was covered with 10 cm.

[0055] (5) Fertilization, pesticide application, soil covering and film covering: In March 2023, the sugarcane planting machine will be used to complete the production steps of sugarcane furrowing, planting, fertilization and pesticide application, soil covering, etc., and then the sugarcane field will be fully covered with film.

[0056] (6) Intertillage, fertilization, soiling and aerial pest control management: In June 2023, intertillage, fertilization and soiling management will be carried out; in September 2023, inspections of sugarcane pests and diseases will be carried out, and drone spraying will be carried out in a timely manner when pests and diseases are found.

[0057] Table 1 Effects of different planting methods on the yield and borer damage of two varieties of sugarcane on the same gentle slope

[0058]

[0059] Comparative Example 1

[0060] Except for the following steps (3) and (4), the other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0061] Step (3) Planting planning: Use a sugarcane planting machine to plant sugarcane seedlings. The planting method is to plant 10 rows of each variety in a continuous area without crossing the varieties.

[0062] Step (4) Conventional cultivation of sugarcane: In March 2023, a sugarcane planter was used to plant sugarcane in a continuous manner, with a furrow spacing of 1.20 m and a furrow depth of 30 cm. After planting, the sugarcane was covered with 10 cm of soil.

[0063] As shown in Table 1, compared with Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the change of different planting methods of sugarcane has a significant effect on the yield of newly planted sugarcane. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the sugarcane yield of Example 1 increased by an average of 0.57t / mu, an increase of 7.56%, among which the sugarcane yields of Yunzhe 081609 and Yuetang 93-159 increased by 0.73t / mu and 0.41t / mu, respectively, and the increase was 8.94% and 5.92%, respectively; the stem borer damage node rate and plant rate of Example 1 were 1.25% and 3%, respectively, which were 47.03% and 57.14% lower than the comparative example, respectively. Due to the different growth of the two sugarcane varieties, Yunzhe 081609 is about 10cm higher than Yuetang 93159. The two varieties are planted in a cross-rotation layout, which is conducive to photosynthesis of sugarcane during the growth period, promotes the formation of sugarcane biomass, and further taps the yield potential of strip-shaped planting of sugarcane. In addition, the root distribution of the two sugarcane varieties during the growth period is different. The root system of Yunzhe 081609 is mainly distributed in the 0-50cm soil layer, while the root system of Yuetang 93-159 is mainly distributed in the 0-40cm soil layer, which is conducive to the efficient use of nutrients in different soil layers and promotes the absorption and utilization of nutrients. Therefore, the cross-cropping and rotational planting of varieties promotes the growth and yield of sugarcane.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] The present invention provides a method for growing multiple varieties of newly planted sugarcane in strips, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0066] (1) Land preparation: In February 2024, deep plowing and deep tillage were carried out on 15 mu of dry land at the Mabao Scientific Research and Experimental Base of the Sugarcane Research Institute of the Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Mile City, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. The tillage depth was 40 cm, and the land was harrowed three times immediately after plowing.

[0067] (2) Furrowing and variety preparation: In March 2024, after land preparation, furrowing was carried out with a row spacing of 1.15 m and a furrow depth of 30 cm. Two sugarcane varieties were selected: Yunzhe 081609 and Yunzhe 16558.

[0068] (3) Planting plan: Sugarcane seedlings are planted manually, with one row of each variety planted, with the varieties arranged in alternating patterns.

[0069] (4) Sugarcane strip cultivation: In March 2023, artificial strip cross planting was carried out, with a planting amount of 8,000 buds / mu, and covered with 10 cm of soil after planting.

[0070] (5) Fertilization, pesticide application, soil covering and film covering: In March 2023, the production steps such as artificial fertilization and pesticide application, soil covering, etc. will be carried out, and then the sugarcane field will be fully covered with film.

[0071] (6) Management of intertillage, fertilization, soil accumulation and aerial spraying: In May 2023, artificial film removal and intertillage, fertilization and soil accumulation will be carried out.

[0072] Table 2 Effects of different planting methods on the yield of two varieties of sugarcane in the same dryland

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] Comparative Example 2

[0076] Except for the following steps (3) and (4), the other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0077] Step (3) Planting planning: The sugarcane seedlings are planted manually, with 3 rows of each variety planted, without any cross-layout between varieties.

[0078] Step (4) Conventional cultivation of sugarcane: In March 2024, the planting amount is 8,000 buds / mu, and the soil is covered with 10 cm after planting.

[0079] As shown in Table 1, compared with Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the change of different planting methods of sugarcane has a significant effect on the yield of newly planted sugarcane. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the sugarcane yield of Example 1 increased by an average of 0.97t / mu, an increase of 11.82%, among which the sugarcane yields of Yunzhe 081609 and Yunzhe 16558 increased by 0.92t / mu and 1.01t / mu, respectively, and the increases were 10.32% and 13.62%, respectively. Since the two sugarcane varieties are planted in a cross-rotation layout, it is beneficial for the photosynthesis of sugarcane in the growth period, promotes the formation of sugarcane biomass, and further explores the yield potential of strip-shaped planting of sugarcane. Therefore, the cross-rotation layout of varieties promotes the formation of sugarcane growth and yield.

[0080] The embodiments of the present application have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The selection of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or improvements to the technology in the market, or to enable other persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for growing newly planted sugarcane in strips, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) After the sugarcane field is prepared, the number of sugarcane varieties to be selected according to the area of ​​the sugarcane field; (2) Select different sugarcane varieties according to different altitudes; (3) Planting sugarcane seedlings according to the topography of the sugarcane field; (4) Strip cultivation of sugarcane: After the sugarcane seedlings are ready, a sugarcane planter is used to dig deep furrows for sowing in the sugarcane areas on flat land, terraces, and gently sloping land. The furrow spacing is 1.15-1.45m, the furrow depth is 25-30cm, and the strip cultivation is carried out according to the plan using a sugarcane planter. After sowing, the thickness of the soil is 5-10cm; In the sugarcane area with a relatively large slope, a small excavator is used to dig trenches directly, with a row spacing of 1.15-1.45m and a trench depth of 40-50cm. The seedlings are placed in strips by artificial planting methods, and the thickness of the soil after planting is 10-15cm; In the strip-shaped cultivation, each sugarcane variety is planted in 1-2 rows, a single variety is planted in a width of 1.15-2.90m and a length of 100-150m, and the varieties are arranged in a cross-rotation pattern.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific operation of (1) is as follows: when the sugarcane field area is 200 mu or more, 3-4 sugarcane varieties are selected; when the sugarcane field area is 100-200 mu, 2-3 sugarcane varieties are selected; when the sugarcane field area is less than 100 mu, 2 sugarcane varieties are selected.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific operation of (3) is as follows: when the terrain of the sugarcane field is flat, terraced or gently sloping, the sugarcane planter is towed by a tractor to plant sugarcane seedlings, with 1-2 rows of each variety planted, and the varieties are arranged alternately; when the slope of the terrain of the sugarcane field is relatively large, the planting is done manually; when the terrain of the sugarcane field is terraced or the plot is long, different sugarcane varieties are planted by rotating up and down in each terraced sugarcane area or rotating forward and backward every 100-150m.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In (2), different sugarcane varieties are selected at different altitudes. In sugarcane areas with an altitude of 1,600-2,000 meters, the selected sugarcane varieties include: Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51; In the sugarcane areas with an altitude of 1200-1600 meters, the selected sugarcane varieties include: Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, Yunzhe 141313, Yunzhe 16558, and Guiliu 05-136; In sugarcane areas below 1,200 meters above sea level, available sugarcane varieties include: Yunzhe 141313, Guiliu 03-182, and virus-free healthy seedlings Yuetang 93-159 and Yuetang 00-236.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation of sugarcane seedlings in (4) is specifically to cut or chop the sugarcane seedlings into 3-6 bud sections by means of electric saw cutting or manual chopping in sugarcane areas on flat land, terraces and gently sloping land; and to chop the whole sugarcane seedling into 3-4 sections by means of chopping tools in sugarcane areas with relatively large slopes.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that When the sugarcane varieties are Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, Yunzhe 141313, Yunzhe 16558, Guiliu 05-136, and Guiliu 03-182, the furrow spacing is 1.25-1.45m; when the sugarcane varieties are the virus-free healthy seedlings Yuetang 93-159 and Yuetang 00-236, the furrow spacing is 1.15-1.25m.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: (5) Timely fertilization and pesticide application, soil covering and film covering: In sugarcane areas on flat land, terraces and gently sloping land, the production steps of sugarcane furrowing and planting are completed by integrated sugarcane planting machines. In dry sugarcane areas, the film covering method is full film covering. In sugarcane areas with good soil moisture, the film covering method is wide film double furrow covering or narrow film covering. In sugarcane areas with relatively large slopes, the production steps of sugarcane furrowing and planting are completed manually, and the film covering method is full film covering. (6) Intertillage, fertilization, soiling and aerial pest control: For sugarcane areas covered with wide-film double-ditch covering or narrow-film covering, intertillage, fertilization and soiling management should be carried out in time after the film is removed; all sugarcane areas should strengthen pest and disease inspections, and use drones to carry out pest control in time in sugarcane areas affected by pests and diseases.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that For the plots covered with the medium film (5), the fertilization method is one-time full fertilizer application; for the plots covered with wide film double furrows or narrow film, the fertilization method is two-time fertilization, i.e. one base fertilizer and one topdressing, and the base fertilizer application amount is 10%-20% of the amount used in the entire growth period of sugarcane.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The (6) intertillage, fertilization and soil-building for sugarcane refers to the intertillage management completed by using an intertillage, fertilization and soil-building integrated machine or by combining manual fertilization with small-scale soil-building, wherein the amount of topdressing applied is 80%-90% of the amount used during the entire growth period of sugarcane, and soil-building is performed after fertilization, and the thickness of the soil-building is 10-15 cm.

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