Sugarcane cultivation methods in sandy yellow soil

Abstract

This application relates to a method for planting sugarcane in sandy yellow soil, comprising: preparing the selected sandy yellow soil and applying base fertilizer; selecting sugarcane varieties suitable for the sandy yellow soil; treating and planting the selected sugarcane varieties; dividing the selected planting area into basic unit zones to facilitate field management; conducting field management of the sugarcane planted in the sandy yellow soil, including integrated water and fertilizer irrigation management; harvesting the mature sugarcane; the sugarcane is harvested twice a year, with the second harvested sugarcane being cultivated from the sugarcane roots after the first harvest. The technical solution of this application effectively solves the problem of poor sugarcane yield in existing technologies for planting sugarcane in sandy yellow soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of sugarcane cultivation in sandy yellow soil, and more specifically, to a method for cultivating sugarcane in sandy yellow soil. Background Technology

[0002] Sugarcane is an important economic crop. The growth cycle of sugarcane, from planting the stalks to harvesting, is called one growth cycle. For ease of cultivation and management, it is conventionally divided into five stages based on its developmental characteristics: budding stage, seedling stage, tillering stage, elongation stage, and technological maturity stage. Each growth stage of sugarcane has its own characteristics and different environmental requirements. Understanding the growth characteristics of sugarcane at each stage allows for targeted fertilization measures to improve both yield and quality.

[0003] Ecological water-soluble fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer made by fermenting organic waste such as livestock and poultry manure and animal and plant residues with the addition of microbial agents. This water-soluble fertilizer is nutrient-rich, low-cost, organic, and pollution-free. Using it as the main fertilizer for sugarcane cultivation can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used, reduce fertilizer costs, improve the final yield and quality of sugarcane, enrich the soil of sugarcane fields, and treat livestock and poultry manure in the surrounding area.

[0004] The existing sugarcane planting methods result in only one harvest per year, leading to low yields. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a method for planting sugarcane in sandy yellow soil to solve the problem of poor sugarcane yield in existing technologies.

[0006] According to the method for planting sugarcane in sandy yellow soil provided in this application, the method includes: preparing the selected sandy yellow soil and applying basal fertilizer; selecting sugarcane varieties suitable for the sandy yellow soil; treating and planting the selected sugarcane varieties; dividing the selected planting area into basic unit zones to facilitate field management; conducting field management of the sugarcane planted in the sandy yellow soil, including integrated water and fertilizer irrigation management; harvesting the mature sugarcane; the sugarcane is harvested twice a year, and the second mature sugarcane is the sugarcane root cultivated and grown after the first harvest.

[0007] Furthermore, field management includes: fertilization before sowing, fertilization at the 3-leaf stage of sugarcane seedlings, fertilization during the seedling stage, fertilization during the tillering stage, fertilization during the elongation stage, and fertilization during the maturity stage.

[0008] Furthermore, (1) Fertilization before sowing: Spray water and fertilizer once after opening the planting furrow, with a fertilizer application rate of 500 kg / mu;

[0009] (2) Fertilization at the 3-leaf stage of sugarcane seedlings: After the sugarcane seedlings are planted, when the sugarcane buds sprout and grow to the 3-leaf stage, a fertilization operation is carried out once, with a fertilization amount of 200-300 kg / mu;

[0010] (3) Fertilization during the seedling stage: When the seedlings are about 25 cm tall, apply fertilizer once, with an amount of 200-300 kg / mu;

[0011] (4) Fertilization during the tillering stage: When the seedlings are 50 cm tall, apply fertilizer once, with an amount of 1800-2000 kg / mu;

[0012] (5) Fertilization during the elongation period: During the early stage of sugarcane jointing (3-5 nodes), sugarcane is regularly fertilized during the jointing period. The fertilization frequency is 10-12 times / time, and the amount of fertilizer used during this stage is 1600-2000 kg / mu. During the dry period, the fertilization frequency is 5-8 times / time, and the amount of fertilizer used is 2000-2200 kg / mu.

[0013] (6) Fertilization during maturity: About two months before maturity, sugarcane should be fertilized regularly. The amount of fertilizer applied per mu is 1600-2000 kg / mu, and the fertilization interval is 15-20 days / time. Sugarcane can be harvested when the sugar content is 12%. Stop watering and fertilizing one month before harvesting sugarcane.

[0014] Furthermore, the sugarcane planting plots are divided into basic units of 250 mu (approximately 16.7 hectares); each basic unit is equipped with 30 fixed spray guns with a nozzle diameter of 80 meters, covering an area of ​​approximately 7.5 mu (approximately 1.2 hectares); during the spraying operation, two spray guns are used alternately to complete the spraying operation of the sugarcane in the 250 mu (approximately 16.7 hectares) basic unit.

[0015] Furthermore, when planting sugarcane, the sugarcane seed stalks are first detoxified using a detoxification container.

[0016] Furthermore, the fertilization method involves using a spray gun with a height of 3m to apply fertilizer, with a fertilization radius of 40m, and the water and fertilizer are applied in a mist form.

[0017] Furthermore, after the sugarcane reaches the technological maturity stage, a sugar-enhancing agent is applied 40 days before harvest.

[0018] Furthermore, the sugar-enhancing agent is glyphosate, with a release rate of 200–300 g / mu.

[0019] By applying the technical solution of this application, and taking into account the soil characteristics of sandy yellow soil, a complete process including scientific seed selection, planting, and field management can be implemented to change the existing single-crop-per-year sugarcane planting method in sandy yellow soil to a double-crop-per-year method, thus greatly increasing the yield of sugarcane. The technical solution of this application effectively solves the problem of low sugarcane yield in existing sandy yellow soil cultivation techniques. Detailed Implementation

[0020] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present application will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments.

[0021] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0022] This is a mixed sandy yellow soil, belonging to the genus *Mashan Yellow Clay* of the yellow soil subclass. It is mainly distributed in Wuzhou, Liuzhou, Yulin, and other cities in Guangxi Province at altitudes of 850-1500m. The parent material of this soil is weathered granite. Due to the high altitude, frequent fog, low sunshine, high humidity, and indistinct wet and dry seasons, the hydration of iron oxide in the soil is significant, giving the soil a yellow color. The soil profile is A-B-C type. The soil layer is relatively thick, about 1m, with layer A having a high organic matter content, light texture, and being sandy loam. Layer B is bright yellowish-brown (dry, 10YR6 / 6), with a texture of sandy loam to clay loam, and is relatively acidic, with a pH of around 5.0; the effective cation exchange capacity is 3-4 me / 100g soil, and the base saturation is around 30%; the clay particle silica-alumina ratio is 1.31, the clay minerals include a moderate amount of kaolinite, a large amount of gibbsite, trace amounts of montmorillonite, and a small amount of quartz; the free iron content is 57.5-70.2%. Analysis of 10 samples from layer A of the profile shows: organic matter content 9.56%, total phosphorus 0.058%, total potassium 2.75%, available potassium 136 ppm, available phosphorus 5.8 ppm; available trace elements manganese 0.57 ppm, zinc 0.37 ppm, copper 0.57 ppm, and iron 73.6 ppm. This soil type has a relatively deep soil body, rich soil nutrient content, and high natural fertility, and is the origin of the Guangxi water source forest.

[0023] Sugarcane ripening agents, also known as sugar-enhancing agents, can accelerate the ripening of sugarcane, increase its sugar content, and thus increase sugar production. Applying ripening agents in sugarcane fields can increase sugar yield by 10-15%, and in some cases even by 25%. Due to its significant economic benefits, it has attracted widespread attention and become a very active new field in plant growth regulator research. Currently, only glyphosate has been formally registered and widely used abroad, while many other agents are permitted for large-scale trials, and even more compounds have been preliminarily identified as having sugarcane ripening activity. Among these numerous varieties, glyphosate is particularly prominent, and it has already been trial-produced domestically. The chemical name of glyphosate is N,N-bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine, and its common international name is Blyphosinc. The pure product is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of 260℃ (and decomposition), is non-volatile, has a solubility of 248,000 ppm in water (20℃), is sparingly soluble in non-polar solvents such as benzene, and is a low-toxicity product.

[0024] This embodiment provides a sugarcane planting method in sandy yellow soil, including: preparing the selected sandy yellow soil and applying base fertilizer; selecting sugarcane varieties suitable for the sandy yellow soil; treating and planting the selected sugarcane varieties; dividing the selected planting area into basic unit zones to facilitate field management; conducting field management of the sugarcane planted in the sandy yellow soil, including integrated water and fertilizer irrigation management; harvesting the mature sugarcane; the sugarcane is harvested twice a year, and the second mature sugarcane is the sugarcane root cultivated and grown after the first harvest.

[0025] By applying the technical solution of this embodiment, and taking into account the soil characteristics of sandy yellow soil, a complete process including scientific seed selection, planting, and field management can be implemented to change the existing single-crop-per-year sugarcane planting method in sandy yellow soil to a double-crop-per-year method, thus greatly increasing the yield of sugarcane. The technical solution of this embodiment effectively solves the problem of low sugarcane yield in existing sandy yellow soil cultivation techniques.

[0026] In the technical solution of this embodiment, field management includes: fertilization before sowing, fertilization at the 3-leaf stage of sugarcane seedlings, fertilization during the seedling stage, fertilization during the tillering stage, fertilization during the elongation stage, and fertilization during the maturity stage.

[0027] In the technical solution of this embodiment, (1) fertilization before planting: spray water and fertilizer once after opening the planting trench, with a fertilizer amount of 500 kg / mu; (2) fertilization at the 3-leaf stage of sugarcane seedlings: after the sugarcane seedlings are planted until the sugarcane buds sprout and reach the 3-leaf stage, carry out a fertilization operation once, with a fertilizer amount of 200-300 kg / mu; (3) fertilization during the seedling stage: when the seedlings are about 25 cm tall, carry out a fertilization operation once, with a fertilizer amount of 200-300 kg / mu; (4) fertilization during the tillering stage: when the seedlings are 50 cm tall, carry out a fertilization operation once, with a fertilizer amount of 1800-2000 kg / mu; (5) extension Long-term fertilization: During the early stage of sugarcane jointing (3-5 nodes), sugarcane is regularly fertilized during jointing, with fertilization every 10-12 days. The amount of fertilizer used during this stage is 1600-2000 kg / mu. During dry periods, fertilization is done every 5-8 days, with a fertilizer amount of 2000-2200 kg / mu. (6) Fertilization during maturity: About 2 months before maturity, sugarcane is regularly fertilized, with a fertilizer amount of 1600-2000 kg / mu and an interval of 15-20 days. Sugarcane can be harvested when the sugar content is 12%. Watering and fertilization are stopped one month before sugarcane harvesting.

[0028] In the technical solution of this embodiment, the sugarcane planting plot is divided into 250 mu as a basic unit; each basic unit plot is equipped with 30 fixed spray guns with a spray nozzle diameter of 80 meters, covering an area of ​​approximately 7.5 mu; during the spraying operation, the spraying operation of the sugarcane in the 250 mu basic unit is completed by alternating between two spray guns.

[0029] In the technical solution of this embodiment, when planting sugarcane, the sugarcane seed stalks are first detoxified using a detoxification container.

[0030] In the technical solution of this embodiment, the fertilization method is to use a spray gun with a height of 3m to apply fertilizer, with a fertilization radius of 40m, and the water and fertilizer are in the form of mist.

[0031] In the technical solution of this embodiment, after the sugarcane reaches the process maturity period, a sugar-enhancing agent is applied 40 days before harvest.

[0032] In the technical solution of this embodiment, the sugar-enhancing agent is glyphosate, and the release amount is 200-300g / mu.

[0033] A method for integrated fertigation of water and fertilizer in high-yield sugarcane in sandy yellow soil includes the following production steps.

[0034] 1. Characteristics of planting soil

[0035] On the uphill slope of a low hill, facing due south, layer A has a high organic matter content, a light texture, and is sandy loam. Layer B is bright yellowish-brown (dry, 10YR6 / 6), with a texture of sandy clay loam to clay loam, relatively acidic, around pH 5.0; effective cation exchange capacity 3-4 me / 100g soil, base saturation around 30%; clay silica-alumina ratio 1.31, moderate amount of clay mineral kaolinite, abundant gibbsite, trace amount of montmorillonite, small amount of quartz, and iron freeness 57.5-70.2%.

[0036] 2. Site selection and planting unit division

[0037] (1) Sugarcane planting conditions: Sugarcane planting sites should be located south of the Tropic of Cancer, with accumulated temperature of 10℃ > 6000℃, sunshine hours > 1400h, rainfall > 1000mm, and altitude < 1000m. Soil thickness should be greater than 55cm, and topsoil thickness > 20cm.

[0038] (2) Sugarcane planting plots are divided into basic units of 250 mu (approximately 16.7 hectares), which include 4000 m² (approximately 26.7 hectares). 3 The system includes one water storage tank, six 10m x 1.8m high-water-fertilizer fermentation tanks, and two irrigation water pumps (one 22.5kW and one 30kW). A photovoltaic power generation system, agricultural machinery charging stations, and a motor and pump room are located at the center of each basic unit. Each basic unit plot is equipped with 30 fixed spray guns, each with an 80-meter diameter nozzle, covering an area of ​​approximately 7.5 acres. The main water supply pipe has a diameter of 110mm, allowing two spray guns to operate simultaneously. During spraying, two spray guns are used alternately to complete the spraying of the 250-acre sugarcane in each basic unit.

[0039] (3) Each sugarcane planting plot basic unit is also equipped with a soil condition detection sensor to detect soil temperature and humidity to ensure suitable standards are met. A spectral sensor and photoelectric information sphere are installed to record fertilizer formation, fertilizer application, and sugarcane chlorophyll index identification. Low-altitude remote sensing is responsible for basic seedling analysis and calculation of absolute sugarcane height.

[0040] Throughout the entire sugarcane planting process, drought prevention and topdressing are carried out using an integrated water and fertilizer system.

[0041] 3. Sugarcane cultivation

[0042] Select a sugarcane variety with medium stem and average plant height, such as one of Guitang No. 31, No. 32, or No. 42, and sow it in July or August. The planting row spacing should be 0.3-0.4m + 1.6m wide and narrow rows, with a planting density of 5000-5500 buds per mu. The planting depth should be 35cm, with deep planting and shallow burial.

[0043] 4. Sugarcane fertilization

[0044] (1) Fertilization before sowing: Spray water and fertilizer once in the planting trench. The fertilization method is to use a spray gun with a height of 3m to fertilize, with a fertilization radius of 40m. The water and fertilizer are in the form of mist, and the amount of fertilizer is 500kg / mu.

[0045] (2) Fertilization at the 3-leaf stage of sugarcane seedlings: Spray water and fertilizer once at this stage. After the sugarcane seedlings are planted, when the sugarcane buds sprout and reach the 3-leaf stage, a small amount of fertilization is carried out. The fertilization method is to use a spray gun with a height of 3m to apply fertilizer, with a fertilization radius of 40m. The water and fertilizer is applied in a mist form at a rate of 200-300 kg / mu.

[0046] (3) Fertilization during the seedling stage: Spray water and fertilizer once during this stage. At this stage, the need for fertilizer is urgent but the amount of fertilizer absorbed is small. When the seedlings are about 25 cm tall, carry out a small amount of fertilization. The fertilization method is to use a spray gun with a height of 3 m to apply fertilizer, with a fertilization radius of 40 m. The water and fertilizer are in the form of mist, and the amount of fertilizer is 200-300 kg / mu.

[0047] (4) Fertilization during the tillering stage: Fertilization should be carried out when the seedlings reach a height of 50 cm. The fertilization method is to use a spray gun with a height of 3 m to apply fertilizer, with a fertilization radius of 40 m. The fertilizer is applied in the form of a mist, and the amount of fertilizer is 1800-2000 kg / mu.

[0048] (5) Fertilization during the elongation stage: During the early jointing stage of sugarcane (3-5 nodes), regular jointing fertilization should be carried out. The fertilization method is to use a spray gun with a height of 3m for fertilization, with a fertilization radius of 40m. The water and fertilizer are sprayed in a mist form, and the fertilization frequency is 10-12 days / time. The amount of fertilizer used during this stage is 1600-2000 kg / mu. In areas with sufficient rainfall, the concentration of organic matter in the water and fertilizer should be increased as appropriate. In areas with insufficient rainfall, in order to ensure yield, the fertilization frequency is 5-8 days / time, and the amount of fertilizer used in the dry season is 2000-2200 kg / mu.

[0049] (6) Fertilization at maturity: to promote and maintain the growth of sugarcane in the later stage, about 2 months before maturity. The fertilization method is to use a spray gun with a height of 3m to apply fertilizer with a fertilization radius of 40m. The fertilizer is applied in the form of mist. The amount of fertilizer applied per mu is 1600-2000 kg / mu, and the fertilization interval is 15-20 days / time.

[0050] 5. Sugarcane ripening

[0051] Once sugarcane reaches the technological maturity stage, it can be harvested when the sugar content reaches 12%. Applying glyphosate 40 days before harvest, at a release rate of 200-300g / acre, can reduce sugar consumption.

[0052] The technical solution of this embodiment processes livestock and poultry, their waste, and the liquid from cleaning them into fertilizer needed by plants, which is then sprayed onto farmland using a spraying device. This allows for the reuse of waste, avoiding environmental pollution while providing nutrients for the growth of plants such as sugarcane. In other words, the processing method of this application reduces environmental pollution and creates value. The technical solution of this embodiment effectively solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by livestock and poultry farming waste in the prior art.

[0053] The reasonable ranges for various indicators of water-soluble fertilizer at the end of production are shown in the table below:

[0054]

[0055] As can be seen from the table above, the organic water-soluble fertilizer used in this invention meets the requirements of standards such as NY / T 3831-2021 "General Requirements for Organic Water-Soluble Fertilizers", NY 1110-2010 "Limits for Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead and Chromium in Water-Soluble Fertilizers", and NY1107-2010 "Water-Soluble Fertilizers Containing Macroelements". Typical physicochemical indicators specified in the relevant standards are shown in the table below:

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0059] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0060] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for planting sugarcane in sandy loam soil, characterized by, The application relates to a sugarcane planting method. The method comprises the following steps: selecting sandy loam soil and applying base fertilizer; selecting sugarcane seeds according to the sandy loam soil; processing and planting the selected sugarcane seeds; dividing the selected planting area into basic units for field management; carrying out field management on the sugarcane planted in the sandy loam soil, wherein the field management comprises water and fertilizer integrated irrigation management; harvesting mature sugarcane; the sugarcane is two crops per year, and the second mature sugarcane is the sugarcane root of the first harvested sugarcane after cultivation and growth; the field management comprises pre-sowing fertilization, 3-leaf-age sugarcane seedling fertilization, seedling period fertilization, tillering period fertilization, elongation period fertilization and mature period fertilization; (1) pre-sowing fertilization: spraying water and fertilizer once after opening a planting ditch, and the fertilization amount is 500 kg per mu; (2) 3-leaf-age sugarcane seedling fertilization: implementing a fertilization operation once when the sugarcane seedling is 3 leaves after sowing and emergence, and the fertilization amount is 200-300 kg per mu; (3) seedling period fertilization: implementing a fertilization operation once when the seedling height is about 25 cm, and the fertilization amount is 200-300 kg per mu; (4) tillering period fertilization: implementing a fertilization operation once when the seedling height is 50 cm, and the fertilization amount is 1800-2000 kg per mu; (5) elongation period fertilization: regularly fertilizing the sugarcane at the initial stage of stem elongation, the initial stage of stem elongation is 3-5 stems, the fertilization frequency is 10-12 days per time, the fertilizer amount is 1600-2000 kg per mu at this stage, the fertilization frequency is 5-8 days per time in the drought period, and the fertilization amount is 2000-2200 kg per mu; 2. The method of sugarcane planting in sandy yellow soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, (6) mature period fertilization: regularly fertilizing the sugarcane about two months before maturity, the fertilizer amount is 1600-2000 kg per mu per mu, the fertilization interval is 15-20 days per time, the sugar content of the sugarcane is 12%, and the sugarcane can be cut and harvested, and water and fertilizer are stopped one month before the sugarcane is cut and harvested.

3. The method of sugarcane planting in sandy yellow soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sugarcane planting plot is taken as a basic unit of 250 mu; each basic unit plot is provided with 30 fixed spray guns, the spray gun nozzle diameter is 80 m, and the coverage area is about 7.5 mu; and the spray guns are alternately connected to complete the spray operation of the 250 mu basic unit sugarcane.

4. The method of sugarcane planting in sandy yellow soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the sugarcane is planted, first, the sugarcane stems are subjected to detoxification treatment through a detoxification container.

5. The method of sugarcane planting in sandy yellow soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilization mode is to use a spray gun with a height of 3 m to fertilize, the fertilization radius is 40 m, and the water and fertilizer are in a mist state.

6. The method of sugarcane planting in sandy yellow soil according to claim 5, characterized in that, After the sugarcane reaches the process maturity period, the sugar-increasing agent is applied 40 days before harvesting. The sugar-increasing agent is glyphosate, and the release amount is 200-300 g per mu.

Images