Black soil yam seeds suitable for sandy loam and yield-increasing cultivation method

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and discloses black soil yam seeds suitable for sandy loam and a yield-increasing cultivation method, including yam seedlings, yam segments and lingyu seeds, wherein the yam seedlings, yam segments and lingyu seeds have reddish brown skin, white flesh and no diseases and insect pests; the yam seedlings have short, thick necks, no branches and are 15cm to 20cm long; the yam segments have a diameter of more than 3cm, and need to be cut 25 to 30 days before sowing, and the incisions need to be dipped in plant ash; the lingyu seeds have tubers that are hypertrophic, full, regular in shape and undamaged, and their reproduction ratio should be 1:6 to 8. By airing and germinating the yam seedlings and segments respectively, the vitality of the seed potatoes is effectively activated and germination is promoted. At the same time, the incisions are dipped in plant ash or quicklime powder to treat the incisions, which effectively avoids incision infection and water loss, improves the germination rate, and greatly improves the utilization efficiency and survival rate of the seed potatoes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to black soil yam seeds suitable for sandy loam and a yield-increasing cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] Chinese yam is an important tuber economic crop belonging to the Dioscoreaceae family. Its tubers are rich in starch, protein, multiple vitamins and minerals, and have extremely high nutritional and medicinal value. Chinese yam is not only a high-quality food raw material, but is also widely used in the production of health products and medicines, and has huge demand in the domestic and foreign markets. Black soil yam, in particular, is highly favored by the market for its unique quality and excellent adaptability. However, the cultivation of Chinese yam has high requirements for the environment and management technology, especially under sandy loam conditions. To achieve high-yield and high-quality cultivation of Chinese yam, it is necessary to comprehensively consider a series of technical factors such as seed potato processing, soil management, and field management. First, the traditional yam planting method often lacks scientific seed potato processing measures, and the germination rate and survival rate of seed potatoes are low, resulting in serious waste of resources in the early stage of planting, further restricting the increase in yam production. At the same time, many planting areas are also relatively extensive in terms of soil improvement and fertilization technology, with poor soil permeability and uneven nutrients, which often cause the plant's lack of stress resistance and poor growth.

[0003] In addition, the growth of yam requires high sowing depth and plant spacing density, and the existing sowing method lacks standardized design, which easily leads to insufficient plant growth space or fierce nutrient competition, thus affecting the emergence rate of yam and subsequent tuber expansion. Although mulching technology can improve the soil environment to a certain extent, the existing mulch is mostly made of ordinary materials and cannot meet the comprehensive requirements of heat preservation and moisture retention, inhibiting weed growth and reducing water evaporation at the same time.

[0004] During the growth period of yam, topdressing and water management are key links that determine the yield and quality. Traditional methods often fail to scientifically apply fertilizers and irrigation according to the needs of yam at different growth stages, which can easily lead to excess or insufficient nutrients, and damage to the root system due to improper water management. In addition, the lag in stem and vine management often leads to limited growth space for yam, and the phenomenon of stem and vine entanglement and creeping growth is significant, which seriously affects the expansion of tubers and the efficiency of nutrient accumulation.

[0005] In summary, the existing yam planting technology has certain shortcomings in seed potato treatment, soil management, sowing technology, field management, and water and fertilizer application, which limits the further improvement of yam yield and quality. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides black soil yam seeds suitable for sandy loam, which solves the problems of low germination rate, poor soil adaptability, imprecise management, difficulty in controlling pests and diseases, and insufficient improvement in yield and quality in existing yam planting.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: black soil yam seeds suitable for sandy loam and a yield-increasing cultivation method, including yam seedlings, yam segments and yam seeds, wherein the yam seedlings, yam segments and yam seeds all have reddish brown skin, white flesh and are free of diseases and insect pests; The yam seedling has a short, thick neck, no branches and a length of 15 cm to 20 cm; The yam segments have a diameter of more than 3 cm and need to be cut 25 to 30 days before sowing, and the cuts need to be coated with plant ash; The tubers of the aconite are large, full, regular in shape and without damage, and the reproduction ratio thereof should be 1:6-8.

[0008] Preferably, the sowing priority of the yam seeds is higher than that of the yam segments, and all the yam seeds must be used for reproduction and renewal 3 to 4 years after planting.

[0009] Preferably, the yam seed is a section of propagation material with hidden buds at the upper end of the yam tuber, the yam section is a tube-growing material obtained by cutting yam blocks into sections of 8 cm to 10 cm in length, and the residual tuber is an aerial tuber formed in the axils of yam leaves that can be used as a propagation material.

[0010] The method for increasing the yield of Chinese yam in black soil suitable for sandy loam comprises the following steps: S1. Seed potato treatment: dry the yam seeds or segments in the sun for 1 to 3 days, cut the yam segments into segments, apply plant ash or quicklime powder on the cut surfaces, and place them in wet sand at 20°C to 30°C for germination; S2. Land preparation and basal fertilizer application: select sandy loam with high and dry terrain and deep soil layer, dig trenches with row spacing of 80cm-120cm, trench depth of 40cm-100cm, trench width of 25cm-35cm, apply 4000kg-6000kg of organic fertilizer, 8kg-15kg of urea, 25kg-40kg of superphosphate and 15kg-25kg of potassium sulfate per mu in the trench as basal fertilizer, mix the basal fertilizer with the topsoil and backfill; S3. Sowing: From mid-March to late April, when the ground temperature at 10 cm is stable above 10°C, place the seed potatoes flat in the sowing furrow at a spacing of 18 cm to 30 cm, cover with 6 cm to 12 cm of soil and then cover with plastic film, and plant 2,400 to 3,500 plants per mu; S4. Field management: When the seedlings emerge, the mulch needs to be cut to expose the seedlings, and then the seedlings need to be top-dressed. Before the yam is planted, water management is performed, and then racks are set up to guide the vines onto the racks, and weeding is performed at the same time; S5. Pest and disease control: Control the occurrence of pests and diseases through agricultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical control measures.

[0011] Preferably, in the step S2, the base fertilizer and the topsoil are mixed and then backfilled to form ridges, specifically, the subsoil is filled first and the topsoil is filled later.

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, the ground film is made of a high-transmittance, high-strength polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.006 mm to 0.015 mm.

[0013] Preferably, in the step S4, a cross is cut in the ground film, and after the seedlings are exposed, the film opening needs to be sealed with fine soil; The water management specifically includes lightly irrigating once after seedlings emerge to keep the soil moist, irrigating according to weather conditions after the beginning of autumn but avoiding waterlogging, and draining in time during rainy seasons.

[0014] Preferably, in step S4, the topdressing operation is specifically as follows: After the seedlings emerge, apply 3kg to 7kg of urea per mu as a seedling fertilizer; Apply 10kg to 20kg of urea per mu before the plants start to grow; During the tuber bulking period, apply 25kg to 35kg of urea and 15kg to 25kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0015] Preferably, in step S4, the scaffolding date is 5 to 12 days after the emergence of the seedlings, and the scaffolding height is 1.2 m to 1.8 m; The method of guiding the vines to the rack is to select 1 to 3 strong vines and remove the side branches at the base in time.

[0016] Preferably, in the step S5, agricultural prevention and control includes selecting disease-resistant varieties and implementing 2-4 year crop rotation; strengthening cultivation management, increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, removing diseased and residual plants and burying or burning them; The biological control method uses biological pesticides, such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis, to protect and utilize natural enemies; The physical control includes drying seeds before sowing, setting up sweet and sour liquid and black light in the field to kill underground pests and lepidopteran pests; The chemical control method includes applying pesticides that meet the standards of GB4285 and GB / T8321 at the early stage of the occurrence of pests and diseases.

[0017] The present invention provides black soil yam seeds suitable for sandy loam and a yield-increasing cultivation method, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention effectively activates the vitality of the seed potatoes and promotes germination by airing and germinating the yam seeds and segments respectively. At the same time, the incisions are coated with plant ash or quicklime powder to effectively avoid incision infection and water loss, thereby increasing the germination rate and greatly improving the utilization efficiency and survival rate of the seed potatoes.

[0018] 2. The present invention improves soil permeability and drainage, increases soil nutrient content, provides sufficient nutrient support for yam tuber enlargement, and significantly improves plant stress resistance and yield by deep plowing and application of high-efficiency basal fertilizer combined with high ridge planting technology.

[0019] 3. The present invention ensures that each yam has sufficient growth space and nutrient supply by controlling the sowing depth, plant spacing and planting density. At the same time, it uses high-transmittance and high-strength polyethylene mulch to cover the ground, which has the effects of heat preservation and moisture retention, inhibiting weed growth and reducing soil moisture evaporation, thereby further improving the emergence rate.

[0020] 4. The present invention adopts precise topdressing measures at different growth stages, including the scientific application of fertilizers for promoting seedling growth, fertilizers for growing trees and fertilizers for enlarging tubers, combined with appropriate irrigation and drainage management in rainy seasons, to avoid damage to the root system of yam due to excessive or insufficient water, significantly promote the enlargement of tubers, and improve the commerciality and economic value of yam.

[0021] 5. The present invention optimizes the growth space of yam by timely setting up frames and guiding vines after emergence, avoiding nutrient waste caused by stem vine entanglement and creeping growth, and at the same time, by removing the side branches at the base and concentrating nutrients on the main stem, effectively improving the overall growth efficiency of yam and the expansion speed of tubers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of the method steps of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will be combined with the drawings in the specification of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Embodiment 1: Please see attached Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides black soil yam seeds suitable for sandy loam, including yam seedlings, yam segments and yam seeds, wherein the yam seedlings, yam segments and yam seeds all have reddish brown skin, white flesh and are free of diseases and insect pests; The yam seed has a short, thick, unbranched neck and is 15 to 20 cm long; The diameter of yam segments is greater than 3cm, and they need to be cut 25 to 30 days before sowing, and the cuts need to be coated with plant ash; The tubers of the spatholobus are large, full, regular in shape and free of damage, and the reproduction ratio should be 1:6-8; The priority of sowing yam seedlings is higher than that of yam segments, and all the remaining seeds must be used for reproduction and renewal 3 to 4 years after planting; Yam seeds are a section of propagation material with hidden buds at the top of the yam tuber. Yam sections are tube-growing materials formed by cutting yam blocks into sections of 8cm to 10cm in length. Yam tubers are aerial tubers formed in the axils of yam leaves that can be used as propagation materials.

[0025] Specifically, the epidermis of the three seeds is reddish brown, the flesh is white and free of diseases and insect pests. The reddish brown epidermis and white flesh are not only the healthy characteristics of yam seeds, but also can effectively avoid the reduction of seed activity caused by epidermal defects or diseases and insect pests, ensuring the vitality and reproductive capacity of the seeds. The yam seedlings have short, thick, unbranched necks and are 15cm to 20cm long. The short and thick neck characteristics enable the yam seedlings to concentrate nutrients and reduce ineffective growth. At the same time, the unbranched shape ensures that the plants can reduce resource dispersion in the early stages of growth and improve the overall growth quality. The 15cm to 20cm length design takes into account the convenience of planting and the resource base required for subsequent growth, ensuring the efficiency of planting. The diameter of the yam segments is greater than 3cm, and they need to be cut 25 to 30 days before sowing, and the incisions need to be dipped in plant ash. The diameter of the yam segment is greater than 3cm, which ensures that its internal nutrient reserves are sufficient, which is conducive to germination and rapid growth of the plant in the early stage. Cutting and treating the incision 25 to 30 days in advance can avoid infection of the incision during sowing. Wood ash not only has a disinfecting effect, but also promotes wound healing, further improving the germination rate and survival rate. The tubers of the yam are large, plump, regular in shape and undamaged, and the reproduction ratio should be 1:6 to 8. The plumpness of the yam indicates that it has sufficient nutrient reserves, and the regular shape and undamaged characteristics further reduce the risk of loss during the planting process. The setting of the reproduction ratio of 1:6 to 8 effectively controls the planting density, reduces the competition and waste of resources while ensuring high yield, and improves the overall benefits of yam planting.

[0026] In addition, the priority use of yam seedlings reflects their high survival rate, high disease resistance and adaptability to sandy loam. As the main planting material, they can adapt to the planting environment more quickly and form high-quality plants. Reproduction and renewal through residual seeds every 3 to 4 years effectively breaks the spread of diseases or soil nutrient exhaustion that may be caused by continuous planting, and maintains the long-term sustainability of yam planting.

[0027] Embodiment 2: Please see attached Figure 1The method for increasing the yield of Chinese yam in black soil suitable for sandy loam comprises the following steps: S1. Seed potato treatment: dry the yam seeds or segments in the sun for 1 to 3 days, cut the yam segments into segments, apply plant ash or quicklime powder on the cut surfaces, and place them in wet sand at 20°C to 30°C for germination; S2. Land preparation and basal fertilizer application: select sandy loam with high and dry terrain and deep soil layer, dig trenches with row spacing of 80cm-120cm, trench depth of 40cm-100cm, trench width of 25cm-35cm, apply 4000kg-6000kg of organic fertilizer, 8kg-15kg of urea, 25kg-40kg of superphosphate and 15kg-25kg of potassium sulfate per mu in the trench as basal fertilizer, mix the basal fertilizer with the topsoil and backfill; S3. Sowing: From mid-March to late April, when the ground temperature at 10 cm is stable above 10°C, place the seed potatoes flat in the sowing furrow at a spacing of 18 cm to 30 cm, cover with 6 cm to 12 cm of soil and then cover with plastic film, and plant 2,400 to 3,500 plants per mu; S4. Field management: When the seedlings emerge, the mulch needs to be cut to expose the seedlings, and then the seedlings need to be top-dressed. Before the yam is planted, water management is performed, and then racks are set up to guide the vines onto the racks, and weeding is performed at the same time; S5. Pest and disease control: Control the occurrence of pests and diseases through agricultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical control measures; In step S2, the base fertilizer and the topsoil are mixed and then backfilled to form ridges, specifically, the subsoil is filled first and then the topsoil is filled; In step S3, the ground film is made of a high-transmittance, high-strength polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.006 mm to 0.015 mm; In step S4, a cross is cut to open the mulch film, and after the seedlings are exposed, the film opening needs to be sealed with fine soil; The specific water management is to irrigate lightly once after the seedlings emerge to keep the soil moist, irrigate according to weather conditions after the beginning of autumn but avoid waterlogging; drain in time during rainy seasons; In step S4, the topdressing operation is specifically as follows: After the seedlings emerge, apply 3kg to 7kg of urea per mu as a seedling fertilizer; Apply 10kg to 20kg of urea per mu before the plants start to grow; During the tuber expansion period, apply 25kg-35kg of urea and 15kg-25kg of potassium sulfate per mu; Step S4: the scaffolding date is 5 to 12 days after the emergence of the seedlings, and the scaffolding height is 1.2m to 1.8m; To guide vines onto the trellis, select 1 to 3 strong vines and remove the side branches at the base in time; In step S5, agricultural prevention and control includes selecting disease-resistant varieties and implementing 2- to 4-year crop rotation; strengthening cultivation management, increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, removing diseased and residual plants and burying or burning them; biological control, which uses biopesticides, such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis, to protect and utilize natural enemies; Physical control, which involves drying seeds before sowing, setting up sweet and sour liquid and black light in the field to kill underground pests and lepidopteran pests; Chemical control: Apply pesticides that meet the standards of GB4285 and GB / T8321 at the early stage of pests and diseases.

[0028] Specifically, in step S1, the yam seeds or segments are exposed to the sun for 1 to 3 days, which can effectively activate the life activity inside the seed potatoes and promote seed germination. At the same time, the bacteria and pests that may be attached to the surface of the seeds can be killed by drying. After the yam segments are cut into segments, the incisions are coated with plant ash or quicklime powder. On the one hand, it can effectively avoid incision infection. On the other hand, plant ash and quicklime powder have good disinfection and sealing effects to prevent water loss. After the seed potatoes are cut into segments, they need to be placed in wet sand and germinated at 20°C to 30°C. Such a humid environment can provide sufficient water required for seed germination, and the temperature of 20°C to 30°C is the optimal range for enzymatic reactions in seeds, which can significantly improve the germination rate and shorten the germination time. In step S2, high and dry sandy loam with deep soil layer is selected, which can provide good ventilation and drainage required by yam and help the tuber to expand and grow; dig trenches with row spacing of 80cm to 120cm, trench depth of 40cm to 100cm, and trench width of 25cm to 35cm. Such trench size can ensure that the soil is fully loose and provide enough space for root growth; apply 4000kg to 6000kg of organic fertilizer, 8kg to 15kg of urea, and 2000kg of superphosphate per mu in the trench. 5kg-40kg and 15kg-25kg of potassium sulfate are used as base fertilizer. Rich organic fertilizer can provide long-term nutrients. At the same time, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate ensure the balanced supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which is conducive to the healthy growth of plants. The base fertilizer is mixed with the topsoil and then backfilled. The method of filling the subsoil first and then the topsoil can form a good planting ridge. This high ridge structure improves drainage and prevents the roots from rotting due to long-term immersion in water. At the same time, the fertilizer on the ridge surface is in close contact with the seeds, which can provide nutrients for the seeds to absorb quickly. In step S3, sowing is carried out when the ground temperature at 10 cm is stable above 10°C from mid-March to late April. Such sowing timing ensures a suitable soil temperature and can provide the best environment for seed germination; the seed potatoes are placed flat in the sowing furrow at a spacing of 18 cm to 30 cm, covered with 6 cm to 12 cm of soil and then covered with a ground film, and 2,400 to 3,500 plants are planted per mu. Such a spacing and planting density not only ensures a reasonable distribution of nutrients between plants, but also maximizes the yield per unit area; the ground film adopts a high-transmittance, high-strength polyethylene film with a film thickness of 0.006 mm to 0.015 mm. This ground film can provide good heat preservation and moisture retention effects, avoid water evaporation and inhibit weed growth. At the same time, the high light transmittance ensures a rapid increase in soil temperature and accelerates emergence; In step S4, when the seedlings emerge, the mulch needs to be cut to expose the seedlings. A cross needs to be cut when the mulch is cut, which can effectively protect the seedlings from being compressed by the mulch, and the cross is convenient for subsequent sealing treatment; after the seedlings are exposed, the film mouth is sealed with fine soil to prevent water evaporation and continue to maintain the heat preservation and moisture retention effect of the mulch; in water management, water is lightly irrigated once after germination to avoid the soil being too dry and affecting the growth of seedlings; the soil is subsequently kept moist, and water is irrigated according to weather conditions after the beginning of autumn, but water accumulation is avoided, and drainage is carried out in time during rainy seasons. This management method can avoid plant root damage caused by excessive or insufficient water; in terms of topdressing, 3 urea per mu is applied after germination. kg~7kg is used as seedling fertilizer to provide sufficient nitrogen for seedlings to promote rapid leaf growth; 10kg~20kg of urea is applied per mu before seedlings emerge to ensure healthy growth of plants; 25kg~35kg of urea and 15kg~25kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu during the tuber expansion period. This nitrogen-potassium ratio can stimulate rapid tuber expansion and enhance plant disease resistance; the trellis is erected 5 to 12 days after seedlings emerge, with a height of 1.2m~1.8m. Timely trellis erection can avoid damage and nutrient waste caused by creeping growth of stems and vines; when guiding vines to the trellis, select 1 to 3 strong stems and vines and remove the side branches at the base in time, so as to concentrate nutrient supply and improve plant growth efficiency; In step S5, in agricultural prevention and control, the selection of disease-resistant varieties can fundamentally reduce the risk of disease occurrence; implementing 2- to 4-year crop rotation can effectively cut off the reproduction chain of pathogens and pests; strengthening cultivation management and increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can improve plant resistance, while removing diseased residues and burying or burning them can reduce the retention of pathogens; biological control uses biological pesticides such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis, which are not only safe and environmentally friendly, but also can effectively control a variety of pests and diseases; physical control can effectively reduce the pest base in the early stage of pest occurrence by drying seeds before sowing, setting up sugar and vinegar liquid and black light in the field to kill underground pests and lepidopteran pests; chemical control uses pesticides that meet GB4285 and GB / T8321 standards in the early stage of pest and disease occurrence. Precise application of pesticides can control the spread of pests and diseases, and avoid excessive use of pesticides to cause environmental pollution.

[0029] Embodiment three: Implementation background: A black soil yam planting experiment was conducted in a sandy loam test field in Heilongjiang Province. The soil pH of the test field was 7.0, the terrain was high and dry, and the drainage and irrigation conditions were good. High-quality black soil yam varieties with strong disease resistance were selected.

[0030] S1. Seed potato processing: Select healthy yam seedlings that are 18cm in length, have short and thick necks, and are free of diseases and insect pests.

[0031] Cut the yam into 8cm segments and apply wood ash evenly on the cut to prevent infection.

[0032] Dry the seeds and segments in the sun for 2 days, then place the yam segments in wet sand and germinate them at 25℃ for 5 days to ensure that the sprouts grow to about 1 cm.

[0033] S2. Land preparation and basal fertilizer application: Before winter, the planting site should be deep plowed to a depth of 60cm.

[0034] After the soil thaws in spring, dig trenches with a row spacing of 100 cm, a depth of 50 cm and a width of 30 cm.

[0035] The base fertilizer applied per mu is as follows: Organic fertilizer: 5000kg; Urea: 12kg; Superphosphate: 35kg; Potassium sulfate: 20kg.

[0036] Mix the base fertilizer and topsoil thoroughly and then backfill, using the method of "filling the subsoil first and then the topsoil" to form a 50cm high ridge.

[0037] S3, sowing: The sowing date was chosen as April 15, when the local ground temperature was stable at above 10°C.

[0038] Dig a 10cm deep sowing furrow on the ridge, place the seed potatoes flat at a spacing of 25cm, cover with 8cm of soil, and cover with high-transmittance, high-strength polyethylene film (film thickness 0.01mm) after sowing.

[0039] 2,800 plants are planted per acre, and the sowing density is strictly controlled.

[0040] S4. Field management: Break the film and release the seedlings: After the seedlings emerge (about 15 days after sowing), use a blade to cut a "cross" on the ground film, expose the seedlings, and seal the film opening with fine soil.

[0041] Water management: Water lightly once after seedlings emerge to ensure the soil is moist; irrigate once after the beginning of autumn depending on weather conditions to avoid waterlogging; drain water in time during rainy seasons.

[0042] Topdressing management: After the seedlings emerge, apply fertilizer to promote seedling growth, 5kg of urea per mu; Apply 15kg of urea per mu before the plants start to grow. During the tuber enlargement period, topdressing should be carried out with 30kg of urea and 20kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0043] Build trellises and guide vines: Build trellises on the 7th day after seedlings emerge, with a height of 1.5m. Select 2 strong vines and remove the side branches at the base in time.

[0044] Weeding: Manual weeding is regularly performed in the field to ensure the normal growth of yam.

[0045] S5. Pest and disease control: Agricultural control: Use disease-resistant varieties and rotate crops for three years; Apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to improve plant resistance; After planting, remove diseased and damaged parts promptly and bury them deeply.

[0046] Biological control: Use Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis to control underground pests and diseases.

[0047] Physical prevention: Dry the seeds before sowing; Set up sweet and sour liquid and black light to lure and kill underground pests and lepidopteran pests.

[0048] Chemical control: In the early stage of disease and insect pest occurrence, spray pesticides that meet GB4285 standards to prevent the spread of diseases.

[0049] S6. Harvesting: Harvest in mid-November, dig out the yam from the end of the ridge and carefully dig along the root system to ensure that the yam tubers are intact.

[0050] After harvesting, the soil is cleaned and the fruits are dried in the sun.

[0051] Implementation summary: Efficient seed potato processing: Drying and germination technology effectively improves the germination rate of seed potatoes to more than 95%.

[0052] Reasonable use of base fertilizer: Fertilizer ratio and high ridge planting enhance soil fertility, improve plant resistance, and effectively prevent waterlogging.

[0053] Precision sowing management: Reasonable density planting and mulching increase soil temperature and reduce weed growth.

[0054] Scientific field management: precise management of water and fertilizer combined with trellis and vine guiding techniques ensures that nutrients are concentrated in the plants and promotes tuber enlargement.

[0055] Integrated pest and disease control: Agricultural, biological, physical and chemical prevention and control methods were used to effectively control pests and diseases, with a plant health rate of 97%.

[0056] This embodiment provides a black soil yam yield-increasing cultivation technology suitable for sandy loam, which is simple to operate and easy to promote, and significantly improves the economic benefits and yield stability of yam planting.

[0057] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Black soil yam seeds suitable for sandy loam, including yam seeds, yam segments and yam seeds, characterized in that: The yam seeds, yam segments and yam seeds all have reddish brown skin, white flesh and are free of diseases and insect pests; The yam seedling has a short, thick neck, no branches and a length of 15 cm to 20 cm; The yam segments have a diameter of more than 3 cm and need to be cut 25 to 30 days before sowing, and the cuts need to be coated with plant ash; The tubers of the aconite are large, full, regular in shape and without damage, and the reproduction ratio thereof should be 1:6-8.

2. The black soil yam seeds suitable for sandy loam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing priority of the yam seeds is higher than that of the yam segments, and all the remaining seeds must be used for reproduction and renewal 3 to 4 years after planting.

3. The black soil yam seeds suitable for sandy loam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The yam seed is a section of propagation material with hidden buds at the upper end of the yam tuber, the yam section is a tube-growing material obtained by cutting yam blocks into sections of 8 cm to 10 cm in length, and the residual tuber is an aerial tuber formed at the axil of yam leaves and can be used as a propagation material.

4. A method for increasing the yield of black soil yam suitable for sandy loam, according to the black soil yam seeds suitable for sandy loam according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Seed potato treatment: dry the yam seeds or segments in the sun for 1 to 3 days, cut the yam segments into segments, apply plant ash or quicklime powder on the cut surfaces, and place them in wet sand at 20°C to 30°C for germination; S2. Land preparation and basal fertilizer application: select sandy loam with high and dry terrain and deep soil layer, dig trenches with row spacing of 80cm-120cm, trench depth of 40cm-100cm, trench width of 25cm-35cm, apply 4000kg-6000kg of organic fertilizer, 8kg-15kg of urea, 25kg-40kg of superphosphate and 15kg-25kg of potassium sulfate per mu in the trench as basal fertilizer, mix the basal fertilizer with the topsoil and backfill; S3. Sowing: From mid-March to late April, when the ground temperature at 10 cm is stable above 10°C, place the seed potatoes flat in the sowing furrow at a spacing of 18 cm to 30 cm, cover with 6 cm to 12 cm of soil and then cover with plastic film, and plant 2,400 to 3,500 plants per mu; S4. Field management: When the seedlings emerge, the mulch needs to be cut to expose the seedlings, and then the seedlings need to be top-dressed. Before the yam is planted, water management is performed, and then racks are set up to guide the vines onto the racks, and weeding is performed at the same time; S5. Pest and disease control: Control the occurrence of pests and diseases through agricultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical control measures.

5. The method for increasing the yield of Chinese yam in black soil suitable for sandy loam according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step S2, the base fertilizer and the topsoil are mixed and then backfilled to form ridges, specifically, the subsoil is filled first and then the topsoil is filled.

6. The method for increasing the yield of Chinese yam in black soil suitable for sandy loam according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step S3, the ground film is made of a high-transmittance, high-strength polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.006 mm to 0.015 mm.

7. The method for increasing the yield of Chinese yam in black soil suitable for sandy loam according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step S4, a cross is cut to open the mulch film, and after the seedlings are exposed, the film opening needs to be sealed with fine soil; The water management specifically includes lightly irrigating once after seedlings emerge to keep the soil moist, irrigating according to weather conditions after the beginning of autumn but avoiding waterlogging, and draining in time during rainy seasons.

8. The method for increasing the yield of Chinese yam in black soil suitable for sandy loam according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step S4, the topdressing operation is specifically as follows: After the seedlings emerge, apply 3kg to 7kg of urea per mu as a seedling fertilizer; Apply 10kg to 20kg of urea per mu before the plants start to grow; During the tuber bulking period, apply 25kg to 35kg of urea and 15kg to 25kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

9. The method for increasing the yield of black soil yam in sandy loam according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step S4, the scaffolding date is 5 to 12 days after the emergence of the seedlings, and the scaffolding height is 1.2m to 1.8m; The method of guiding the vines to the rack is to select 1 to 3 strong vines and remove the side branches at the base in time.

10. The method for increasing the yield of Chinese yam in black soil suitable for sandy loam according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step S5, agricultural prevention and control includes selecting disease-resistant varieties and implementing 2-4 year crop rotation; strengthening cultivation management, increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, removing diseased and residual plants and burying or burning them; The biological control method uses biological pesticides, such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis, to protect and utilize natural enemies; The physical control includes drying seeds before sowing, setting up sweet and sour liquid and black light in the field to kill underground pests and lepidopteran pests; The chemical control method includes applying pesticides that meet the standards of GB4285 and GB / T8321 at the early stage of the occurrence of pests and diseases.

Images