Heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of solid waste recycling, and provides a coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material and a preparation method and application thereof, which comprises the following steps: preparing a base material composed of coal gangue, fly ash, silica ash, cellulose, bentonite and a water reducing agent through a base material preparation step; preparing an alkali activator through an alkali activator preparation step; and preparing the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material by using the prepared base material and alkali activator. According to the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material and the preparation method and application thereof, the environmental safety, long-term stability and anti-dispersion of the grouting material can be remarkably improved, the environmental benefits of solid waste treatment and pollution prevention and control can be effectively improved, and the production cost can be effectively reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solid waste recycling, in particular to a heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing environmental requirements, the resource utilization of coal-based solid waste has gradually become an important research field. By converting coal-based solid waste into useful materials, not only can it effectively reduce its burden on the environment, but also can realize its economic value, which has important practical significance.

[0003] In many engineering fields, anti-dispersion grouting materials play a key role. Such materials mainly refer to materials that can remain stable and avoid dispersion during grouting, commonly used in underground engineering, mine reinforcement, soil improvement and other fields. Good fluidity and stability are important performance indicators of anti-dispersion grouting materials, which can ensure that the grouting material flows smoothly and uniformly fills in the complex underground environment, thereby achieving the purpose of reinforcement and improvement. However, traditional cement-based grouting materials have obvious shortcomings, with poor fluidity and easy dispersion during grouting, which not only affects the grouting effect, but also may cause waste of materials and engineering quality problems, therefore, researchers have been committed to developing anti-dispersion grouting materials with better performance to meet the growing engineering needs.

[0004] The application of coal-based solid waste to grouting materials is a pioneering new field. In practical applications, there are the following technical bottlenecks: 1. Coal-based solid waste contains heavy metal ions such as copper, lead, cadmium, mercury and chromium, which are highly toxic, and penetrate into the soil and groundwater during grouting, causing serious environmental pollution and posing a great threat to the ecological system and human health; 2. Lack of effective sealing technology to fix heavy metal ions in the material to avoid their migration and diffusion; 3. In the process of fixing heavy metal ions, the anti-dispersion performance of the grouting material is adversely affected, resulting in the material failing to meet the requirements of practical engineering applications.

[0005] Therefore, how to develop a grouting material that can effectively fix heavy metal ions and maintain good anti-dispersion performance on the basis of realizing the resource utilization of coal-based solid waste is a technical problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0006] Therefore, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present application aims to provide a heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0007] According to the first aspect of the present application, a coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material is provided, which is prepared from coal gangue, fly ash, silica ash, cellulose, bentonite, water reducing agent and alkali activator.

[0008] According to the second aspect of the present application, a preparation method of a coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material is provided, which comprises a base material preparation step, an alkali activator preparation step and a grouting material preparation step. The base material is prepared from coal gangue, fly ash, silica ash, cellulose, bentonite and water reducing agent through the base material preparation step, the alkali activator is prepared through the alkali activator preparation step, and the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material is prepared from the prepared base material and alkali activator.

[0009] Optionally, in the preparation method of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material, the weight parts of the reactants of the base material are as follows: coal gangue 100-400 parts by weight, fly ash 250-400 parts by weight, silica ash 350-500 parts by weight, cellulose 7.5 parts by weight, bentonite 100 parts by weight, and water reducing agent 5 parts by weight.

[0010] Optionally, in the preparation method of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material, the weight parts of the reactants of the alkali activator are as follows: deionized water 537.9 parts by weight, sodium hydroxide 42.14 parts by weight, and water glass 320 parts by weight.

[0011] Optionally, the preparation method of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material comprises the following steps:

[0012] Mixing coal gangue, fly ash, silica ash, cellulose, bentonite and water reducing agent to prepare a base material through stirring treatment;

[0013] Adding sodium hydroxide and water glass into deionized water to prepare an alkali activator through stirring treatment;

[0014] Adding the alkali activator into the base material to prepare the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material through stirring treatment.

[0015] Optionally, in the preparation method of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material, the water reducing agent has a bulk density of 500-550 g / L, a solid content of more than 98%, and a water reducing rate of more than 15%.

[0016] Optionally, in the preparation method of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material, the main chain of the cellulose is formed by connecting glucose units through β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

[0017] Optionally, in the preparation method of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material, the cellulose is hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose.

[0018] Optionally, in the preparation method of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material, the modulus of the water glass is 3.2, the solid content is 40%, the Baume degree is 40, and the pH value is 9.

[0019] According to a third aspect of the present application, the application of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material is provided, and the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material prepared according to the method of the second aspect of the present application is used as a soil filling engineering grouting material.

[0020] The coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material, its preparation method and application have the following beneficial technical effects:

[0021] 1. Significantly improve the environmental safety of the grouting material, improve the sealing effect of heavy metal ions, effectively fix the heavy metal ions in the coal-based solid waste by using the sealing technology, prevent the migration and diffusion of heavy metal ions in groundwater and soil, significantly reduce the risk of heavy metal pollution, and the material will not release harmful heavy metal ions during use, thereby ensuring the quality of soil and water, making it more reliable in various application scenarios, especially in underground engineering with higher environmental requirements, which can better meet the environmental protection standards.

[0022] 2. Significantly improve the long-term stability of the grouting material, not only improve the environmental stability of the material through the sealing technology, but also enhance the cementation and strength of the material through the component ratio, so that the material can effectively maintain its stability in complex underground environments, such as water flow, soil movement and other factors, to avoid material dispersion or loss, thereby ensuring its long-term stable application in underground engineering and prolonging the service life of the material.

[0023] 3. Significantly improve the anti-dispersion of the grouting material, so that the material can resist water erosion and soil extrusion in complex underground environments, such as areas with abundant groundwater or sections with frequent soil movement, maintain the integrity and continuity of the material, and further improve its safety application performance in underground engineering, providing a strong guarantee for the stability of underground engineering and reducing the cost of engineering maintenance and reconstruction due to poor material performance.

[0024] 4. Effectively improve the environmental benefits of solid waste treatment and pollution prevention, use coal-based solid waste as the main raw material, effectively solve the environmental pollution problem caused by the accumulation of coal-based solid waste, avoid pollution of land, air and water caused by long-term accumulation of solid waste, reduce the environmental burden of solid waste, and realize the recycling of resources.

[0025] 5. Reduce production costs, use coal-based solid waste as main raw material, make full use of waste that needs to be treated, reduce dependence on traditional raw materials, and improve economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 XRD spectra of coal gangue, fly ash, silica ash and bentonite used in Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 8 of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 Heavy metal ion sealing effect schematic diagram of the heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste prepared in Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 4 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 3 Heavy metal ion sealing effect schematic diagram of the heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste prepared in Embodiment 5 to Embodiment 8 of the present application;

[0030] Figure 4 Scanning electron microscope graph of the heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste prepared in Embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0031] Figure 5 Scanning electron microscope graph of the heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste prepared in Embodiment 5 of the present application;

[0032] Figure 6 Fourier transform infrared spectrum graph of the heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste prepared in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 5 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0034] It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict; and based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0035] It is important to note that the various aspects described hereinafter in the embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein can be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure and / or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the teachings herein one skilled in the art should appreciate that an aspect described herein can be implemented independently of any other aspects and that an aspect described herein can be implemented both as any number of software and / or hardware structures and as any number of these structures in any appropriate combination. For example, the apparatus can be implemented using any number of the aspects described herein and / or variations and / or enhancements thereto.

[0036] The coal gangue, fly ash, silica ash and bentonite of the present application embodiments 1 to 8 were subjected to phase analysis by using the device Shimadzu XRD-6000, the test angle was 5°-80°, the test speed was 5° / min, Figure 1 The XRD spectrum of the coal gangue, fly ash, silica ash and bentonite used in the present application embodiments 1 to 8.

[0037] Embodiment 1

[0038] Preparation of heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste:

[0039] Step one, preparation of base material

[0040] 100 parts by weight of coal gangue, 400 parts by weight of fly ash, 500 parts by weight of silica ash, 7.5 parts by weight of cellulose, 5 parts by weight of water reducing agent were mixed and stirred for 5 min to prepare the base material. In this embodiment, the bulk density of the water reducing agent is 500-550 g / L, the solid content is greater than 98%, and the water reducing rate is greater than 15%. The main chain of cellulose is composed of glucose units connected by β-1,4-glucoside bonds, for example, the cellulose is hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose.

[0041] Step two, preparation of alkali activator

[0042] 42.14 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 320 parts by weight of water glass were added to 537.9 parts by weight of deionized water, and stirred for 3 min to prepare the alkali activator. In this embodiment, the modulus of the water glass is 3.2, the solid content is 40%, the Baume degree is 40, and the pH value is 9.

[0043] Step three, preparation of grouting material

[0044] The alkali activator prepared in step three was added to the base material prepared in step one, and stirred for 3 min to prepare the heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] Preparation of coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material:

[0047] Step one, preparation of base material

[0048] Mix 200 parts by weight of coal gangue, 350 parts by weight of fly ash, 450 parts by weight of silica ash, 7.5 parts by weight of cellulose, and 5 parts by weight of water reducing agent, stir for 5 minutes to prepare the base material. In this embodiment, the bulk density of the water reducing agent is 500-550 g / L, the solid content is greater than 98%, and the water reducing rate is greater than 15%. The main chain of cellulose is connected by β-1, 4-glycosidic bond between glucose units, for example, the cellulose is hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose.

[0049] Step two, preparation of alkali activator

[0050] Add 42.14 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 320 parts by weight of water glass to 537.9 parts by weight of deionized water, stir for 3 minutes to prepare the alkali activator. In this embodiment, the modulus of the water glass is 3.2, the solid content is 40%, the Baume degree is 40, and the pH value is 9.

[0051] Step three, preparation of grouting material

[0052] Add the alkali activator prepared in step three to the base material prepared in step one, stir for 3 minutes to prepare the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] Preparation of coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material:

[0055] Step one, preparation of base material

[0056] Mix 300 parts by weight of coal gangue, 300 parts by weight of fly ash, 400 parts by weight of silica ash, 7.5 parts by weight of cellulose, and 5 parts by weight of water reducing agent, stir for 5 minutes to prepare the base material. In this embodiment, the bulk density of the water reducing agent is 500-550 g / L, the solid content is greater than 98%, and the water reducing rate is greater than 15%. The main chain of cellulose is connected by β-1, 4-glycosidic bond between glucose units, for example, the cellulose is hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose.

[0057] Step two, preparation of alkali activator

[0058] An alkali activator was prepared by adding 42.14 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 320 parts by weight of water glass into 537.9 parts by weight of deionized water, and stirring for 3 min. In this embodiment, the modulus of the water glass was 3.2, the solid content was 40%, the Baume degree was 40, and the pH value was 9.

[0059] Step three, preparation of the grouting material

[0060] The alkali activator prepared in step three was added into the base material prepared in step one, and stirred for 3 min to obtain the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] Preparation of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material:

[0063] Step one, preparation of the base material

[0064] A base material was prepared by mixing 400 parts by weight of coal gangue, 250 parts by weight of fly ash, 350 parts by weight of silica fume, 7.5 parts by weight of cellulose, and 5 parts by weight of water reducing agent, and stirring for 5 min. In this embodiment, the water reducing agent had a bulk density of 500-550 g / L, a solid content of greater than 98%, and a water reduction rate of greater than 15%. The main chain of the cellulose was composed of glucose units connected by β-1,4-glucoside bonds, for example, the cellulose was hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose.

[0065] Step two, preparation of the alkali activator

[0066] An alkali activator was prepared by adding 42.14 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 320 parts by weight of water glass into 537.9 parts by weight of deionized water, and stirring for 3 min. In this embodiment, the modulus of the water glass was 3.2, the solid content was 40%, the Baume degree was 40, and the pH value was 9.

[0067] Step three, preparation of the grouting material

[0068] The alkali activator prepared in step three was added into the base material prepared in step one, and stirred for 3 min to obtain the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material.

[0069] Example 5

[0070] Preparation of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material:

[0071] Step one, preparation of the base material

[0072] The base material was prepared by mixing 100 parts by weight of coal gangue, 400 parts by weight of fly ash, 500 parts by weight of silica ash, 7.5 parts by weight of cellulose, 100 parts by weight of bentonite, and 5 parts by weight of a water reducing agent, and stirring for 5 minutes. In this embodiment, the water reducing agent has a bulk density of 500-550 g / L, a solid content of greater than 98%, and a water reduction rate of greater than 15%. The cellulose has a main chain formed by linking glucose units via β-1,4-glucosidic bonds, for example, the cellulose is hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose.

[0073] Step two, preparation of an alkali activator

[0074] The alkali activator was prepared by adding 42.14 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 320 parts by weight of water glass to 537.9 parts by weight of deionized water, and stirring for 3 minutes. In this embodiment, the water glass has a modulus of 3.2, a solid content of 40%, a Baume degree of 40, and a pH value of 9.

[0075] Step three, preparation of a grouting material

[0076] The coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material was prepared by adding the alkali activator prepared in step two to the base material prepared in step one, and stirring for 3 minutes.

[0077] Example 6

[0078] Preparation of a coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material:

[0079] Step one, preparation of a base material

[0080] The base material was prepared by mixing 200 parts by weight of coal gangue, 350 parts by weight of fly ash, 450 parts by weight of silica ash, 7.5 parts by weight of cellulose, 100 parts by weight of bentonite, and 5 parts by weight of a water reducing agent, and stirring for 5 minutes. In this embodiment, the water reducing agent has a bulk density of 500-550 g / L, a solid content of greater than 98%, and a water reduction rate of greater than 15%. The cellulose has a main chain formed by linking glucose units via β-1,4-glucosidic bonds, for example, the cellulose is hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose.

[0081] Step two, preparation of an alkali activator

[0082] The alkali activator was prepared by adding 42.14 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 320 parts by weight of water glass to 537.9 parts by weight of deionized water, and stirring for 3 minutes. In this embodiment, the water glass has a modulus of 3.2, a solid content of 40%, a Baume degree of 40, and a pH value of 9.

[0083] Step three, preparation of a grouting material

[0084] The alkali activator prepared in step three is added into the base material prepared in step one, and stirred for 3 minutes to obtain the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and dispersion-resistant grouting material.

[0085] Example 7

[0086] Preparation of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and dispersion-resistant grouting material:

[0087] Step one, preparation of the base material

[0088] 300 parts by weight of coal gangue, 300 parts by weight of fly ash, 400 parts by weight of silica fume, 7.5 parts by weight of cellulose, 100 parts by weight of bentonite, and 5 parts by weight of water reducing agent are mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain the base material. In this embodiment, the bulk density of the water reducing agent is 500-550 g / L, the solid content is greater than 98%, and the water reducing rate is greater than 15%. The main chain of the cellulose is connected by glucose units through β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, for example, the cellulose is hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose.

[0089] Step two, preparation of the alkali activator

[0090] 42.14 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 320 parts by weight of water glass are added into 537.9 parts by weight of deionized water, and stirred for 3 minutes to obtain the alkali activator. In this embodiment, the modulus of the water glass is 3.2, the solid content is 40%, the Baume degree is 40, and the pH value is 9.

[0091] Step three, preparation of the grouting material

[0092] The alkali activator prepared in step three is added into the base material prepared in step one, and stirred for 3 minutes to obtain the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and dispersion-resistant grouting material.

[0093] Example 8

[0094] Preparation of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and dispersion-resistant grouting material:

[0095] Step one, preparation of the base material

[0096] 400 parts by weight of coal gangue, 250 parts by weight of fly ash, 150 parts by weight of silica fume, 7.5 parts by weight of cellulose, 100 parts by weight of bentonite, and 5 parts by weight of water reducing agent are mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain the base material. In this embodiment, the bulk density of the water reducing agent is 500-550 g / L, the solid content is greater than 98%, and the water reducing rate is greater than 15%. The main chain of the cellulose is connected by glucose units through β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, for example, the cellulose is hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose.

[0097] Step two, preparation of the alkali activator

[0098] An alkali activator was prepared by adding 42.14 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 320 parts by weight of water glass into 537.9 parts by weight of deionized water, and stirring for 3 min. In this embodiment, the modulus of the water glass was 3.2, the solid content was 40%, the Baume degree was 40, and the pH value was 9.

[0099] Step three, preparation of the grouting material

[0100] The alkali activator prepared in step three was added to the base material prepared in step one, and stirred for 3 min to obtain the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material.

[0101] Example 9

[0102] The initial setting time and final setting time of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material prepared in examples 1 to 8 were determined by using an ISO standard Vicat apparatus.

[0103] The flowability of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material prepared in examples 1 to 8 was determined by using a standard truncated cone mold (with an upper opening diameter of 36 mm, a lower opening diameter of 60 mm, and a height of 60 mm) and a glass plate.

[0104] The dynamic water retention rate of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material prepared in examples 1 to 8 was determined by using an anti-dispersion test device.

[0105] The initial setting time, final setting time, flowability, and dynamic water retention rate of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material prepared in examples 1 to 8 were determined, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0106] Table 1

[0107]

[0108] The present application comprehensively designs the component proportions to lock water inside the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material and expand to form a network structure, thereby increasing the dynamic water retention rate, the material adhesion, and the stability and anti-dispersion of the material.

[0109] As shown in Table 1, the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting materials prepared in Examples 1 to 8 of the present application have a wide initial setting time range, final setting time range and wide flow range, and can be prepared into engineering permanent grouting materials with excellent anti-dispersion and stability according to actual application scenarios. It should be noted that the dynamic water retention rate of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting materials prepared in the examples of the present application is not less than 80%, and the dynamic water retention rate of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting materials prepared in Examples 5 to 7 is higher than 99%.

[0110] The inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer was used to determine the heavy metal ion content of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting materials prepared in Examples 1 to 8, and the test results of the inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer are shown in Table 2.

[0111] Table 2

[0112]

[0113] Note: "ND" means that the item is not detected.

[0114] The coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting materials prepared in Examples 1 to 8 of the present application were observed by leaching test, and the sealing of the slurry in deionized water was observed, and the results are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 .

[0115] In the present application, by adjusting and controlling the solubility or chemical form of metal ions through component proportioning and process design, the fixation or inhibition effect on metal ions is improved. Figure 2 The heavy metal ion sealing effect schematic diagram of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting materials prepared in Examples 1 to 4 of the present application is shown in Figure 3 The heavy metal ion sealing effect schematic diagram of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting materials prepared in Examples 5 to 8 of the present application is shown in. According to Table 2, Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be known that the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting materials prepared in Examples 1 to 8 of the present application realize large specific surface area and negative charge in the system through component design, and adsorb heavy metal ions.

[0116] The surface morphology of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting materials prepared in Examples 1 and 5 was analyzed by the equipment Hitachi S-4800, Figure 4The scanning electron microscope image of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material prepared in Example 1 of the present application; Figure 5 The scanning electron microscope image of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material prepared in Example 5 of the present application.

[0117] As shown in Figure 4 , the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material prepared in Example 1 has a dense microstructure, a certain amount of crystal form and irregular clusters, clear interfaces between particles, and obvious flaky and layered characteristics on the particle surface. The dense structure significantly improves the anti-erosion ability and has a long-acting heavy metal ion sealing effect. As shown in Figure 5 , the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material prepared in Example 5 has large pores and needle rod structures, large gaps between particles, and a relatively loose system structure, which has good adsorption capacity and provides more adsorption sites for heavy metal ions.

[0118] The absorption of different wavelength infrared radiation of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material prepared in Example 1 and Example 5 was detected by a Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS50 instrument, Figure 6 The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material prepared in Example 1 and Example 5 of the present application.

[0119] As shown in Figure 6 , from the C-H stretching vibration peak (1470 cm -1 ), the coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material prepared in Example 1 has a relatively weak absorption peak and a relatively weak carbonate peak, indicating that the carbonation degree of the material is relatively low, which is conducive to the generation of stable hydration products. The coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material prepared in Example 5 has a relatively strong carbonate characteristic peak, indicating that the component ratio of Example 5 forms more carbonates, thereby promoting the reaction of heavy metal ions with carbonates and improving the sealing performance. In addition, the cations between the layers of bentonite can exchange with heavy metal ions to further fix heavy metal ions. During the sealing process, this cation exchange has strong physical adsorption capacity, which helps to further improve the stable sealing effect of heavy metal ions.

[0120] The coal-based solid waste heavy metal ion sealing and anti-dispersion grouting material and the preparation method thereof according to the present application have the following beneficial technical effects:

[0121] 1. Significantly improve the environmental safety of grouting materials, enhance the sealing effect of heavy metal ions, use sealing technology to effectively fix heavy metal ions in coal-based solid waste, prevent the migration and diffusion of heavy metal ions in groundwater and soil, significantly reduce the risk of heavy metal pollution, and ensure the quality of soil and water during use, making it more reliable in various application scenarios, especially in underground engineering with high environmental requirements, better meeting environmental standards.

[0122] 2. Significantly improve the long-term stability of grouting materials, not only through sealing technology to improve the environmental stability of the material, but also through component proportioning to enhance the cementation and strength of the material, so that the material can effectively maintain its stability in complex underground environments, such as water flow, soil movement, etc., to avoid material dispersion or loss, ensuring its long-term stable application in underground engineering and extending the service life of the material.

[0123] 3. Significantly improve the anti-dispersion of grouting materials, so that the material can resist water erosion and soil extrusion in complex underground environments, such as areas with abundant groundwater or frequent soil movement, maintain the integrity and continuity of the material, and further improve its safety application performance in underground engineering, providing a strong guarantee for the stability of underground engineering and reducing the cost of engineering maintenance and reconstruction due to poor material performance.

[0124] 4. Effectively improve the environmental benefits of solid waste treatment and pollution prevention, using coal-based solid waste as the main raw material, effectively solving the environmental pollution problem caused by the accumulation of coal-based solid waste, avoiding pollution of land, air and water caused by long-term accumulation, reducing the environmental burden of solid waste, and achieving resource recycling.

[0125] 5. Reduce production costs, use coal-based solid waste as the main raw material, fully utilize the waste that needs to be treated, reduce dependence on traditional raw materials, and improve economic efficiency.

[0126] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, any skilled person in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A grouting material for heavy metal ion consolidation and anti-dispersion based on coal-based solid waste, characterized in that, The material is prepared from coal gangue, fly ash, silica fume, cellulose, bentonite, water-reducing agent, and alkali activator. The preparation method includes a base material preparation step, an alkali activator preparation step, and a grouting material preparation step. The base material preparation step involves preparing a base material composed of coal gangue, fly ash, silica fume, cellulose, bentonite, and water-reducing agent. The alkali activator preparation step involves preparing an alkali activator. The prepared base material and alkali activator are used to prepare a heavy metal ion solidification and anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste. The weight parts of each reactant in the base material are as follows: coal gangue 100-400 parts by weight, fly ash 250-400 parts by weight, silica fume 350-500 parts by weight, cellulose 7.5 parts by weight, bentonite 100 parts by weight, and water-reducing agent 5 parts by weight. The weight parts of the alkali activator reactants are as follows: deionized water 537.9 parts by weight, sodium hydroxide 42.14 parts by weight, and water glass 320 parts by weight.

2. The method for preparing heavy metal ion consolidation and anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: The base material is prepared by mixing coal gangue, fly ash, silica fume, cellulose, bentonite and water-reducing agent and then stirring. Sodium hydroxide and water glass are added to deionized water and stirred to obtain an alkaline activator. An alkali activator is added to the base material, and a grouting material for solidifying and dispersing heavy metal ions based on coal-based solid waste is prepared by stirring.

3. The method for preparing heavy metal ion consolidation and anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water-reducing agent has a bulk density of 500-550 g / L, a solid content greater than 98%, and a water reduction rate greater than 15%.

4. The method for preparing heavy metal ion consolidation and anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main chain of cellulose is composed of glucose units linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

5. The method for preparing heavy metal ion consolidation and anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cellulose is hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose.

6. The method for preparing heavy metal ion consolidation and anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water glass has a modulus of 3.2, a solid content of 40%, a Baumé degree of 40, and a pH value of 9.

7. Application of heavy metal ion consolidation and anti-dispersion grouting materials based on coal-based solid waste, characterized in that, The application of the heavy metal ion solidification and anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste as described in claim 1 as a grouting material for soil filling projects.

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