In-situ fermentation nutrition pool for orchard and fermentation method

Abstract

The in-situ fermentation nutrition pool for the orchard comprises the following steps: collecting waste fruits, fruit tree branches and leaves and willow branches and leaves in the orchard, and respectively pretreating the waste fruits, the fruit tree branches and leaves and the willow branches and leaves as main materials; uniformly stirring and mixing the main material, the auxiliary material, the fermentation inoculant and water; stacking the mixed material into a nutrition pool, compacting, covering with a layer of soil or straw, and fermenting for 4-8 weeks; after fermentation is completed, filtering out fertilizer water generated by fermentation. A fermentation nutrition pool is arranged in an orchard of citrus fruits, waste fruits, fruit tree branches and leaves and willow branches and leaves are directly used as main materials, bean dregs and other auxiliary materials are used as auxiliary materials for fermentation, and produced fertilizer water is rich in mineral substances and microelements. And the willow branches and leaves of the other part of the main material are high in decomposition speed, so that salicylic acid and other bioactive substances can be quickly released, the fermentation process is helped to be started, the temperature rise at the initial stage of fermentation can be promoted, the effect of accelerating the decomposition speed of the mixture is achieved, and the fermentation efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer water fermentation, and in particular to an in-situ fermentation nutrient pool and a fermentation method for an orchard. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern agriculture, the treatment of orchard waste (such as waste fruit, branches and leaves of fruit trees) has become an important environmental and resource management issue. In recent years, more and more research and practice have shown that converting orchard waste into organic fertilizer and fertilizer water through in situ fermentation is an environmentally friendly and efficient solution.

[0003] Citrus fruits, such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits, contain high levels of citric acid and other organic acids, as well as rich vitamin C. The fermentation characteristics of these citrus fruits are: high acidity can inhibit the growth of certain harmful microorganisms, but will slow down the initial fermentation process. The essential oils in the peel may inhibit certain microorganisms and affect the fermentation efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an in-situ fermentation nutrient tank and fermentation method for orchards to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and provides an in-situ fermentation nutrient pool and a fermentation method for an orchard.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an in-situ fermentation method for an orchard, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, collecting waste fruits, fruit tree branches and leaves, and willow branches and leaves in the orchard, pre-processing them respectively, and using them as main materials;

[0008] S2, stirring and mixing the main ingredients, auxiliary materials, fermentation bacteria and water;

[0009] S3, the mixed material is piled into a nutrient tank, compacted and covered with a layer of soil or straw, and fermented for 4-8 weeks. During the fermentation process, the temperature, moisture and pH value are regularly controlled;

[0010] S4. After fermentation is completed, filter out the fertilizer water produced by fermentation.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in said S1, the preprocessing includes:

[0012] Take all the waste fruits, some fruit tree branches and leaves, and willow branches and leaves and crush them;

[0013] Cut the other part of the fruit tree branches and willow branches into 10-20 cm segments and then soak them in water for 1 to 2 days.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary materials include: bean dregs, sawdust and rice husks.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fermentation bacterial agent comprises at least one of white rot fungi, thermophilic actinomycetes, Bacillus, Cellulomonas and EM bacteria.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the addition ratios of the main material, auxiliary material and fermentation agent are 100 parts of the main material, 100-200 parts of the auxiliary material, and 1-5 parts of the fermentation agent, respectively, and the amount of water added is such that the water content of the mixed materials is between 50% and 60%.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in said S3, the mixed material includes: all materials except the cut branches and leaves of fruit trees and willow trees.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S3, the stacking is layered stacking, including:

[0019] Bottom layer: Lay a layer of 8-12 cm thick coarse sand or gravel on the bottom of the nutrient pond;

[0020] Middle layer: First, evenly spread the partially cut branches and leaves of fruit trees and willow trees, then pour the mixture into the nutrient pool to make a layer of material, with a thickness of 20-30 cm, and compact it lightly, but not too tightly, and repeat the process for 8-15 layers of material.

[0021] Top layer: After all materials are stacked, cover the top layer with a layer of straw.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the moisture management in S3 is specifically as follows:

[0023] During the first half of fermentation, the moisture content of the pile is maintained between 50% and 60%;

[0024] During the second half of fermentation, moisture content is no longer controlled.

[0025] An in-situ fermentation nutrient pool for an orchard, the nutrient pool being a rectangular deep pit, comprising: a drainage layer arranged at the bottom of the nutrient pool, and a drainage system arranged on the drainage layer;

[0026] The drainage layer is a layer of coarse sand or gravel 8-12 cm thick;

[0027] The drainage system is connected to the water storage container to transport the collected fertilizer water to the water storage container.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drainage system comprises: a drainage pipe installed on the drainage layer, water inlet holes equidistantly provided on the surface of the drainage pipe, and a distance between adjacent water inlets is 20-40 cm.

[0029] The present invention solves the defects existing in the background technology and has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] (1) The present invention provides an in-situ fermentation nutrient pool and fermentation method for an orchard. A fermentation nutrient pool is arranged in a citrus fruit orchard, and waste citrus fruits, fruit tree branches and leaves, and willow branches and leaves are directly used as the main materials for fermentation. The produced fertilizer water is rich in minerals and trace elements, which is used to improve the soil pH value and increase soil fertility. The willow branches and leaves, which are another main material, can not only quickly release salicylic acid and other bioactive substances to help start the fermentation process, but also promote the temperature increase in the early stage of fermentation, thereby accelerating the decomposition rate of the mixture and improving the fermentation efficiency.

[0031] (2) In the present invention, some willow branches and leaves are added to the pile, which can quickly release salicylic acid during fermentation and decomposition. The decomposition of salicylic acid is reduced by controlling the fermentation bacteria and the fermentation process, and the content of salicylic acid in the output fertilizer water is increased as much as possible. The presence of salicylic acid in the fertilizer water can promote the growth and development of citrus trees, and can induce citrus trees to produce systemic acquired resistance (SAR), thereby enhancing resistance to citrus Huanglongbing disease.

[0032] (3) In the present invention, two forms of fruit tree branches and willow branches are used in the middle layer of the pile. One is crushed fruit tree branches and willow branches, which are mixed in the material to provide a larger specific surface area, and the crushed willow branches have a faster decomposition rate. The rapid decomposition can not only quickly release salicylic acid and other biologically active substances to help start the fermentation process, but also promote the temperature increase in the early stage of fermentation, creating a warm environment conducive to the activity of aerobic microorganisms. The other is cut fruit tree branches and willow branches, which are flatly distributed in each layer of the pile to provide structural support for the fermentation process. They are rich in cellulose and lignin, which increase the air permeability of the material and promote air circulation. Good ventilation conditions are conducive to the activity of aerobic microorganisms and avoid the formation of anaerobic environments, thereby accelerating the fermentation rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a fermentation method diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0037] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an in-situ fermentation method for an orchard, comprising the following steps:

[0039] S1, collecting waste fruits, fruit tree branches and leaves, and willow branches and leaves in the orchard, pre-processing them respectively, and using them as main materials;

[0040] S2, stirring and mixing the main ingredients, auxiliary materials, fermentation bacteria and water;

[0041] S3, the mixed material is piled into a nutrient tank, compacted and covered with a layer of soil or straw, and fermented for 4-8 weeks. During the fermentation process, the temperature, moisture and pH value are regularly controlled;

[0042] S4. After fermentation is completed, filter out the fertilizer water produced by fermentation.

[0043] The present invention arranges a fermentation nutrient pool in a citrus fruit orchard, and directly uses waste citrus fruits, fruit tree branches and leaves, and willow branches and leaves as main materials for fermentation. The produced fertilizer water is rich in minerals and trace elements, which is used to improve soil pH and increase soil fertility. The willow branches and leaves, which are another main material, can not only quickly release salicylic acid and other bioactive substances to help start the fermentation process, but also promote the temperature increase in the initial stage of fermentation, thereby accelerating the decomposition speed of the mixture and improving the fermentation efficiency.

[0044] In addition, the presence of salicylic acid in fertilizer water can promote the growth and development of citrus trees, and can induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in citrus trees, enhancing resistance to citrus Huanglongbing. Citrus Huanglongbing, also known as "citrus greenback disease" or "citrus yellow tip disease", is a serious disease caused by a bacterium called Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus or Candidatus Liberibacter americanus. This pathogen is mainly transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri). Once infected, the growth of citrus trees will be seriously affected, eventually leading to a decrease in yield or even death.

[0045] The in-situ fermentation nutrient pool and fermentation method for orchards proposed by the present invention are arranged and implemented in orchards of citrus fruits (such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, etc.), and preferably some willow trees are planted in the orchard at intervals, and discarded fruit tree branches and leaves, fruits fallen on the ground, fruits with insects, damaged fruits, and willow branches and leaves in the orchard are directly used as the main materials for fermentation. The fermented citrus fruit solution is rich in minerals and trace elements, and is particularly suitable for improving soil pH and increasing soil fertility.

[0046] Below, all steps of the present invention are described in detail.

[0047] Step S1, collecting waste fruits, fruit tree branches and leaves, and willow branches and leaves in the orchard, and pre-treating them respectively as main materials.

[0048] This step is to prepare the raw materials for fermentation. The fallen, insect-infested, and rotten fruits in the citrus orchard are collected, specifically the peels, pulps, branches and leaves, and the discarded willow branches and leaves in the orchard are collected. Some of them are fresh, and some are rotten. In actual applications, the waste in the orchard is collected every once in a while (one week, two weeks, etc., depending on the size of the orchard).

[0049] Then, the collected waste fruits, fruit tree branches and willow branches are pre-processed separately, that is, all the waste fruits, part of the fruit tree branches and willow branches are crushed, and the crushed particle size is controlled at 5-20mm. This size can not only ensure good air permeability, but also provide sufficient surface area to accelerate fermentation. The remaining fruit tree branches and willow branches are not crushed, but cut into 10-20cm branch segments, and then soaked in water for 1-2 days.

[0050] It is worth mentioning that soaking some willow branches and leaves can fully release their water-soluble components, which can help salicylic acid take effect faster and promote the initial start of fermentation.

[0051] Step S2: Stir and mix the main ingredients, auxiliary ingredients, fermentation bacteria and water evenly.

[0052] It is worth mentioning that auxiliary materials include bean dregs, and high-carbon materials such as sawdust, rice husks, and hay.

[0053] Okara contains high levels of protein and other nitrogen-containing substances, and also provides an appropriate amount of carbohydrates. It can help adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the main ingredients, making it more suitable for microbial activity and promoting the fermentation process.

[0054] The addition of high-carbon materials is used to balance the carbon-nitrogen ratio, because citrus fruit waste usually contains a higher nitrogen (N) content because they are rich in protein, amino acids and other nitrogen-containing compounds. High-carbon materials mainly provide carbon (C), and the cellulose and hemicellulose in these materials are the carbon sources required for microbial metabolism. In order to maintain a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25:1-30:1, high-carbon materials are appropriately added to prevent problems such as slow fermentation or ammonia production caused by excessive nitrogen sources.

[0055] The fermentation agent includes at least one of white rot fungi, thermophilic actinomycetes, Bacillus, Cellulomonas and EM bacteria. Such fermentation agents can effectively degrade cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and have little effect on salicylic acid. The effective combination of the fermentation agents of the present invention can retain the presence of salicylic acid in the fertilizer water produced after fermentation as much as possible, and decompose the main ingredients and auxiliary materials as much as possible to produce high-quality organic fertilizer and fertilizer water.

[0056] Furthermore, in step S2, the addition ratios of the main material, auxiliary material and fermentation agent are respectively 100 parts of the main material, 100-200 parts of the auxiliary material and 1-5 parts of the fermentation agent by weight, and the amount of water added is such that the water content of the mixed material is between 50% and 60%. In practical applications, a handful of the mixed material can be held into a ball without dripping water.

[0057] In step S3, the mixed material is piled into a nutrient tank, compacted and covered with a layer of straw, and fermented for 4-8 weeks. During the fermentation process, the temperature, moisture and pH value are regularly controlled.

[0058] It is worth noting that the mixed materials include all materials except cut fruit tree branches and willow branches.

[0059] Furthermore, the specific stacking method is layered stacking, including:

[0060] Bottom layer: Lay a layer of 8-12 cm thick coarse sand or gravel on the bottom of the nutrient pond. The setting of the bottom layer can ensure good drainage and avoid water accumulation.

[0061] Middle layer (also the main fermentation layer): First, evenly spread the partially cut branches and leaves of fruit trees and willows, and then pour the mixed materials into the nutrient pool to make a layer of material, 20-30 cm thick, lightly compact, but not too compact, and repeat 8-15 layers of material. Ensure that each layer is in close contact with each other, while leaving enough porosity.

[0062] Top layer: After all materials are stacked, cover the top layer with a layer of straw, soil or other breathable materials.

[0063] Furthermore, the thickness of the top layer is 5-10 cm. The arrangement of the top layer of the pile in the nutrient pool can effectively keep warm and moisturize, prevent excessive evaporation of water and odor emission, and allow air circulation to promote aerobic fermentation. Straw is chosen as the top layer because it can keep warm and moisturize without hindering water evaporation, which helps maintain the humidity balance inside the pile.

[0064] It is worth mentioning that two forms of fruit tree branches and willow branches are used in the middle layer of the pile. One is crushed fruit tree branches and willow branches, which are mixed in the material to provide a larger specific surface area, and the crushed willow branches have a faster decomposition rate. Rapid decomposition can not only quickly release salicylic acid and other bioactive substances to help start the fermentation process, but also promote the temperature increase in the early stage of fermentation, creating a warm environment conducive to the activity of aerobic microorganisms. The other is cut fruit tree branches and willow branches, which are laid flat in each layer of the pile to provide structural support for the fermentation process. They are rich in cellulose and lignin, which increase the air permeability of the material and promote air circulation. Good ventilation conditions are conducive to the activity of aerobic microorganisms and avoid the formation of anaerobic environments, thereby speeding up fermentation.

[0065] Furthermore, the following fermentation management is performed during the fermentation process, including:

[0066] Temperature control: Monitor the temperature changes during the fermentation process. If the temperature exceeds 65°C, turn the compost over to cool it down and ensure that the temperature is maintained within the range that is conducive to the activity of aerobic microorganisms (25°C-60°C). Too high a temperature will cause water to evaporate quickly, affecting the yield of fertilizer and water.

[0067] Moisture management: In the first half of fermentation, the moisture content of the pile is maintained between 50% and 60%. During the fermentation process, part of the fertilizer water produced by the pile is collected through the bottom layer, and the moisture content in the pile will decrease. The moisture content is controlled by spraying clean water. Appropriate humidity is not only conducive to fermentation, but also ensures sufficient liquid production. In the second half of fermentation, the moisture content is no longer deliberately controlled. At this time, the microbial activity in the pile gradually weakens, the water demand decreases, and the pile is allowed to dry naturally. This helps to stabilize the temperature of the pile and promote the formation of the final mature product.

[0068] pH control: Monitor the pH value every 3-5 days and control the pH value of the pile between 5.5-7.0. If it is below the threshold, add limestone powder or calcium carbonate in appropriate amounts. The appropriate pH value helps improve the quality of fertilizer water.

[0069] Timely turning: Turn the material every 7-10 days to ensure oxygen supply and promote aerobic fermentation. When turning, be careful not to damage the overall structure of the covering layer to avoid affecting the insulation effect.

[0070] In step S4, after the fermentation is completed, the fertilizer water produced by the fermentation is filtered out.

[0071] That is, the fertilizer water produced during the fermentation process is collected into a designated container through a drainage system, and a fine mesh screen or cloth bag is used to perform a preliminary filtration on the fertilizer water to remove larger solid particles.

[0072] It is worth noting that the filtered fertilizer water should be diluted at a ratio of 1:50 to 1:100 before use. The specific dilution ratio can be adjusted according to the needs of the plants. Fertilizer water is rich in minerals and trace elements and is an ideal choice for improving soil pH and increasing soil fertility.

[0073] Next, the above-mentioned in-situ fermentation method for orchards was experimentally verified.

[0074] Fermentation tank setup: Each fermentation tank has a capacity of 5 cubic meters, with a 10 cm thick layer of coarse sand or gravel on the bottom to ensure drainage. The middle layer consists of 9 layers of piles, each 25 cm thick, lightly compacted but not over-compacted. The top layer is covered with 5 cm thick straw.

[0075] Embodiment 1:

[0076] The ratio of main ingredients, auxiliary materials and fermentation agents: 100 parts of main ingredients, 150 parts of auxiliary materials, and 3 parts of fermentation agents.

[0077] The main materials include: 60 parts of crushed waste fruit, 10 parts of fruit tree branches and leaves, and 20 parts of willow branches and leaves. Another 10 parts of willow branches and leaves cut into 15 cm segments are used in the stacking process; the auxiliary materials are equal parts of bean dregs, sawdust and rice husks. The fermentation agent is 1 part of white rot fungi, 1 part of thermophilic actinomycetes and 1 part of EM bacteria.

[0078] Water: The water content of the mixed material should be controlled between 50% and 60%. A handful of the mixture can be squeezed into a ball without dripping water.

[0079] For each layer of material pile, first spread the cut willow branches and leaves evenly, then make a layer of mixed material with a thickness of 25 cm. After 9 layers of material piled, cover with a 5 cm thick layer of straw.

[0080] During the fermentation process, the temperature, moisture and pH value are managed, and the materials are turned over every 7 days.

[0081] The fermentation process takes 45 days to complete. The fertilizer water is collected and filtered through a fine mesh screen (100 mesh) to remove larger solid particles. The fertilizer water is stored in a water storage barrel.

[0082] Embodiment 2:

[0083] Based on Example 1, the difference is that 150 parts of main materials and 100 parts of auxiliary materials are used. Among them, the main materials include: 90 parts of crushed waste fruits, 15 parts of fruit branches and leaves, and 30 parts of willow branches and leaves, and another 15 parts of willow branches and leaves cut into 15 cm branches are used in the stacking process.

[0084] Fermentation took 57 days to complete.

[0085] Embodiment 3:

[0086] Based on Example 1, the difference is that 100 parts of main materials and 150 parts of auxiliary materials are used. Among them, the main materials include: 60 parts of crushed waste fruits, 20 parts of fruit tree branches and leaves, and another 20 parts of willow branches and leaves cut into 15 cm branches are used in the stacking process.

[0087] Fermentation takes 52 days to complete.

[0088] Embodiment 4:

[0089] Based on Example 1, the difference is that 100 parts of main materials and 150 parts of auxiliary materials are used. Among them, the main materials include: 50 parts of crushed waste fruits, 10 parts of fruit branches and leaves, and 20 parts of willow branches and leaves, and another 20 parts of willow branches and leaves cut into 15 cm branches are used in the stacking process.

[0090] Fermentation takes 42 days to complete.

[0091] Embodiment 5:

[0092] Based on Example 1, the difference is that 100 parts of main materials and 150 parts of auxiliary materials are used. Among them, the main materials include: 70 parts of crushed waste fruits, 10 parts of fruit branches and leaves, and 10 parts of willow branches and leaves, and another 10 parts of willow branches and leaves cut into 15 cm branches are used in the stacking process.

[0093] Fermentation takes 50 days to complete.

[0094] Embodiment 6:

[0095] Based on Example 1, the difference is that 100 parts of main materials and 150 parts of auxiliary materials are used. Among them, the main materials include: 70 parts of crushed waste fruits, 10 parts of fruit branches and leaves, and 15 parts of willow branches and leaves, and another 5 parts of willow branches and leaves cut into 15 cm branches are used in the stacking process.

[0096] Fermentation takes 48 days to complete.

[0097] Embodiment 7:

[0098] Based on Example 1, the difference is that 100 parts of main materials and 150 parts of auxiliary materials are used. Among them, the main materials include: 70 parts of crushed waste fruits, 10 parts of fruit branches and leaves, and 5 parts of willow branches and leaves, and another 15 parts of willow branches and leaves cut into 15 cm branches are used in the stacking process.

[0099] Fermentation takes 50 days to complete.

[0100] Comparative Example 1:

[0101] Based on Example 1, the difference is that the main material is only citrus waste (60 parts of crushed waste fruit and 40 parts of fruit tree branches and leaves), and the fermentation time is 55 days.

[0102] Comparative Example 2:

[0103] Based on Example 1, the difference is that the willow branches and leaves are crushed together with the citrus waste, and the fermentation time is 49 days.

[0104] Comparative Example 3:

[0105] It is made from composted orchard waste (such as waste fruits, branches and leaves of fruit trees), livestock and poultry manure, and kitchen waste.

[0106] An experimental area was divided in a citrus orchard, and the experimental area was divided into ten small areas (Examples 1-7, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3), each with an area of ​​2 mu.

[0107] Starting from January, the fertilizer water of Examples 1-7, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 were diluted at a ratio of 1:100 and applied to the orange trees in the corresponding plots, with 10 liters applied to each tree each time, and applied once a week.

[0108] Fertilization continued until November, and the yield of oranges in each plot was counted, and the incidence of citrus Huanglongbing in each plot was counted. The incidence and yield of oranges in each plot are summarized in Table 1.

[0109] Table 1 Experimental data table

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] First, the salicylic acid content of the fertilizer water produced by each embodiment and the comparative example is tested, and combined with the above experimental data, it can be seen that the fertilizer water (Example 1) prepared by the in-situ fermentation method proposed by the present invention, especially containing un-crushed willow branches and leaves, has better fermentation effect and efficiency, and the content of salicylic acid is more, reaching 161 mg / L, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of citrus Huanglongbing and significantly increase the yield of orange trees. In contrast, although other comparative examples also have certain effects, they are not as good as Example 1 in terms of disease control and yield improvement.

[0113] The fermentation time of Example 2 is too long because the addition ratio of the main ingredient to the auxiliary ingredient is controlled, resulting in a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 21:1 in the mixed material, which is far below the lower limit of 25:1. The incidence of citrus Huanglongbing in Example 3 reached 6.7%, and the yield was correspondingly slightly lower than that of Example 1. This is mainly because there is no crushed willow branch, and the cut willow branches and leaves cannot be quickly decomposed, and the fermentation cannot be accelerated. The fermentation time is too long, resulting in excessive decomposition of salicylic acid in the fertilizer water, and the content of salicylic acid in the produced fertilizer water is insufficient, only 58 mg / L.

[0114] The fermentation efficiency of Example 4 is high, but the yield is reduced. This is because there are fewer waste fruits in the main ingredients, resulting in insufficient nutrients in the fertilizer water produced by fermentation. Although it greatly inhibits the incidence of citrus Huanglongbing, the first goal of fertilizer water is to increase yield.

[0115] In Example 5, the amount of crushed and cut willow branches and leaves is small, and the amount of waste fruit is large, resulting in the accelerated fermentation effect produced by rapid decomposition cannot offset the inhibitory effect of citrus itself on fermentation. The long fermentation time and low salicylic acid content lead to a higher incidence of citrus Huanglongbing. The reason why the fermentation time in Example 6 is 3 days longer than that in Example 1 is mainly because the number of cut willow branches and leaves is small, which cannot provide sufficient structural support and the air circulation in the pile is insufficient. In Example 7, the number of crushed willow branches is small, and the amount of waste fruit is large, resulting in the accelerated fermentation effect produced by rapid decomposition cannot offset the inhibitory effect of citrus itself on fermentation. The long fermentation time and low salicylic acid content lead to a higher incidence of citrus Huanglongbing.

[0116] Comparative Examples 1 and 3 do not have willow branches and leaves involved in the fermentation, which results in the output fertilizer water without salicylic acid components, and cannot form resistance to citrus Huanglongbing, resulting in a high incidence rate and requiring drug treatment. Comparative Example 2 has fewer cut willow branches and leaves, which cannot provide sufficient structural support, and the air circulation in the pile is insufficient, resulting in a longer fermentation time than Example 1, and the output fertilizer water is insufficient in resistance to citrus Huanglongbing.

[0117] In summary, the lowest incidence rate of Examples 1, 6 and 7 is less than 4%, and the yield is also higher than 6000kg. That is to say, when the mass ratio of waste fruit to willow branches and leaves in the main material is 60-80:20-30, the fertilizer water effect is the best, and the content of salicylic acid in the fertilizer water is sufficient to have a positive effect on plants, mainly inducing systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and enhancing resistance to diseases. Further, among the willow branches and leaves, the mass score of the crushed part of the willow branches and leaves is higher than that of the cut part, which has a further effect of promoting fermentation efficiency.

[0118] The present invention also provides an in-situ fermentation nutrient pool for an orchard, the nutrient pool is a rectangular deep pit, and the volume of each nutrient pool is 5-10 cubic meters, which can be adjusted according to actual needs. The nutrient pool includes: a drainage layer arranged at the bottom, and a drainage system arranged on the drainage layer.

[0119] The side walls of the nutrient tank are made of bricks or concrete blocks, and there are ventilation holes on the side walls. The diameter of the ventilation holes is 4-5 cm, and the spacing is 50-60 cm, which can promote air circulation and support aerobic fermentation. It is worth noting that the ventilation holes are located in the middle and upper parts of the nutrient tank, and no ventilation holes are required in the lower part to prevent the produced fertilizer water from entering the ventilation holes, causing blockage and generating odor to the outside.

[0120] The drainage layer is specifically: a layer of coarse sand or gravel 8-12 cm thick is laid at the bottom of the nutrient tank to ensure good drainage, effectively prevent water accumulation, and ensure the smooth progress of the fermentation process.

[0121] The drainage system includes: a drainage pipe installed on the drainage layer, and water inlet holes equidistantly opened on the surface of the drainage pipe, preferably at a spacing of 30 cm, which can evenly collect the fertilizer water seeping from the pile. The other end of the drainage pipe extends outside the nutrient pool and is connected to a water storage container to transport the collected fertilizer water to the water storage container.

[0122] Furthermore, the nutrient pond should be located in a flat, well-drained area of ​​the orchard to avoid water accumulation, and ensure that the location is away from water sources and residential areas to prevent odor and potential contamination.

[0123] Furthermore, the nutrient pool is located in a citrus orchard, and a small number of willow trees are regularly planted in the orchard.

[0124] The implementation of this nutrient pool technology in citrus orchards not only significantly improves the growth quality and yield of fruit trees, but also reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and agricultural production costs by recycling organic waste in the orchard. It is particularly worth mentioning that the small number of willow trees planted regularly in the orchard not only beautifies the environment, but also further improves the soil structure through its root system, enhances the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, and forms a virtuous cycle ecosystem.

[0125] The above is based on the ideal embodiment of the present invention. Through the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and the technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An in-situ fermentation method for an orchard, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, collecting waste fruits, fruit tree branches and leaves, and willow branches and leaves in the orchard, pre-processing them respectively, and using them as main materials; S2, stirring and mixing the main ingredients, auxiliary materials, fermentation bacteria and water; S3, the mixed material is piled into a nutrient tank, compacted and covered with a layer of soil or straw, and fermented for 4-8 weeks. During the fermentation process, the temperature, moisture and pH value are regularly controlled; S4. After fermentation is completed, filter out the fertilizer water produced by fermentation.

2. The in-situ fermentation method for an orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: In said S1, the preprocessing includes: Take all the waste fruits, some fruit tree branches and leaves, and willow branches and leaves and crush them; Cut the other part of the fruit tree branches and willow branches into 10-20 cm segments and then soak them in water for 1 to 2 days.

3. The in-situ fermentation nutrient tank and fermentation method for an orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary materials include: bean dregs, sawdust and rice husks.

4. The in-situ fermentation nutrient tank and fermentation method for an orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation bacterial agent comprises at least one of white rot fungi, thermophilic actinomycetes, Bacillus, Cellulomonas and EM bacteria.

5. The in-situ fermentation nutrient tank and fermentation method for an orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the addition ratios of the main material, auxiliary material and fermentation agent are respectively 100 parts of the main material, 100-200 parts of the auxiliary material, and 1-5 parts of the fermentation agent by weight, and the amount of water added is such that the water content of the mixed materials is between 50% and 60%.

6. The in-situ fermentation nutrient tank and fermentation method for an orchard according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S3, the mixed materials include all materials except the cut branches and leaves of fruit trees and willow trees.

7. The in-situ fermentation nutrient tank and fermentation method for an orchard according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S3, the stacking is layered stacking, including: Bottom layer: Lay a layer of 8-12 cm thick coarse sand or gravel on the bottom of the nutrient pond; Middle layer: First, evenly spread the partially cut branches and leaves of fruit trees and willow trees, then pour the mixture into the nutrient pool to make a layer of material, with a thickness of 20-30 cm, and compact it lightly, but not too tightly, and repeat the process for 8-15 layers of material. Top layer: After all materials are stacked, cover the top layer with a layer of straw.

8. The in-situ fermentation nutrient tank and fermentation method for an orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moisture management in S3 is specifically as follows: During the first half of fermentation, the moisture content of the pile is maintained between 50% and 60%; During the second half of fermentation, moisture content is no longer controlled.

9. An in-situ fermentation nutrient tank for an orchard, characterized in that: The nutrient pool is a rectangular deep pit, comprising: a drainage layer arranged at the bottom of the nutrient pool, and a drainage system arranged on the drainage layer; The drainage layer is a layer of coarse sand or gravel 8-12 cm thick; The drainage system is connected to the water storage container to transport the collected fertilizer water to the water storage container.

10. The in-situ fermentation nutrient pool for orchards according to claim 9, characterized in that: The drainage system comprises: a drainage pipe installed on the drainage layer, water inlet holes equidistantly arranged on the surface of the drainage pipe, and a distance between adjacent water inlets is 20-40 cm.

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