Water-retaining agent with biological regulation function and method for using the water-retaining agent

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a water retaining agent with a biological regulation function and a method for using the water retaining agent. The technology improves the water retention capacity of the soil, reduces water loss, and thus reduces the amount of irrigation water by mixing the water retaining agent with chemical fertilizers and applying them by broadcasting, rotary tillage, or seeding. Through scientific field management and pest control, after applying the water retaining agent, while saving 20% ​​of irrigation water, the yield of corn is increased by more than 10%; after applying the water retaining agent, the corn yield is equivalent to that of traditional mulch planting. The technology has a significant effect of saving water and increasing yield, and is suitable for the promotion and application of corn planting. When applied to potatoes, the yield increase can reach 22.16%; when applied to astragalus, the increase can reach 30.16%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a water retaining agent with biological regulation function and a method for using the water retaining agent. Background Art

[0002] The climate in Northwest China is dry and precipitation is scarce. In this environment, the growth of crops depends on reasonable water management and soil moisture conservation technology. Traditional water conservation measures mainly rely on irrigation and mulching to reduce water evaporation and keep the soil moist. However, although mulching has a certain effect in water conservation, it brings high production costs and serious environmental pollution problems. Long-term use of mulch will also cause plastic particles to remain in the soil, destroy the soil structure, affect crop growth, and have a negative impact on the ecological environment that cannot be ignored.

[0003] With the development of agricultural science and technology, water retainers are gradually used in agricultural production as a new type of soil conditioner. Water retainers have the function of absorbing and locking water, which can effectively reduce water loss under drought conditions, maintain water supply in the soil, and thus reduce irrigation needs. They are particularly suitable for planting environments with drought and water shortages such as the northwest region. Compared with mulching, the application of water retainers can not only reduce the waste of water resources, but also reduce pollution to the environment.

[0004] However, the comprehensive use of water-retaining agents and various crops is a blind spot in current research.

[0005] On November 24, 2024, a search was conducted in the Chinese Patent Publication Database using "water-retaining agent and yield increase and (potato or corn or astragalus or codonopsis)" as the abstract keywords, with the option to allow synonym expansion, and 22 documents were found.

[0006] On November 24, 2024, an abstract search for "water-retaining agent and yield increase and (potato or corn or astragalus or codonopsis)" was conducted on China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and no relevant literature was found.

[0007] Completely different from the concept of this patent.

[0008] On November 24, 2024, a search was conducted on the website of the United States Patent and Trademark Office for "Water retaining agent and yield increase (potato orcorn or astragalus or ginseng)", and no relevant literature was found; the search URL was https: / / ppubs.uspto.gov / pubwebapp / .

[0009] On November 24, 2024, a search was conducted on the Korean Patent Office for "Water retaining agent and yield increase (potato orcorn or astragalus or ginseng)", but no relevant literature was found; the search URL was engpat.kipris.or.kr.

[0010] On November 24, 2024, a search was conducted on WIPO's https: / / patentscope2.wipo.int / for "Water retaining agent and yield increase (potato orcorn or astragalus or ginseng)", and no relevant documents were found. Summary of the invention

[0011] Purpose of the invention: To provide a water-retaining agent with biological regulation function and a method of using the same with better effect. The specific purpose can be seen in the multiple substantial technical effects of the specific implementation part.

[0012] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0013] A water retaining agent with biological regulation function, characterized in that the water retaining agent needs to be evenly mixed with chemical fertilizers and evenly applied around the root system without being exposed to the surface, so as to avoid excessive concentration of water due to concentrated application;

[0014] The preparation method of the water-retaining agent is:

[0015] ① Take a portion of acrylamide crystals, add distilled water to adjust its mass concentration to 20%, and obtain an acrylamide solution;

[0016] ② ① add 2‰ parts of a crosslinking agent, the crosslinking agent using nitrogen nitrogen methylene bis acrylamide, which is completely dissolved in the acrylamide solution;

[0017] ③. Add 40% of potassium carbonate to ② to completely dissolve it, then add 15% of glutamic acid and 15% of attapulgite, stir evenly to avoid precipitation;

[0018] ④. Raise the temperature of ③ to 23°C, introduce nitrogen, and add 4‰ of initiator after 5 minutes. The initiator uses ammonium persulfate to initiate polymerization. The polymerization reaction takes 3-4 hours;

[0019] ⑤. Put the polymerized ④ into a constant temperature water bath at 95℃ for 4 hours, then cut it into small particles and put it into an oven for drying until the solid content reaches 92%;

[0020] ⑥. Put ⑤ into a grinder and grind it, then screen the particle size according to the needs to obtain the water retaining agent.

[0021] The method for using the water retaining agent is characterized in that the water retaining agent as described above is used under precipitation or irrigation conditions.

[0022] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the crops are covered with film or not covered with film.

[0023] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the planted crop is corn, and the application method is as follows:

[0024] Corn planting also has relatively high requirements on climatic conditions, especially in terms of temperature. Corn likes warmth, and the most suitable temperature for its seeds to germinate is 20-30℃. Therefore, temperature factors should be considered when applying water retaining agents to corn planting. In areas below 1600m above sea level, water retaining agent planting technology can replace mulch film; in areas with an altitude of 1600-2100m, silage corn is suitable for Hairuida water retaining agent to replace mulch film planting technology;

[0025] (1) Areas below 1,600 m above sea level: Sow the seeds directly into the ground through the fertilizer box of the seeder or spread them on the ground before rotary tilling. The rotary tillage depth should be consistent with the depth of the well-developed root system of the crop. The optimal depth is 5-10 cm. Apply 3 kg of water retaining agent per mu.

[0026] (2) Areas above 1,600 meters above sea level: Mix the water retaining agent and fertilizer evenly, spread them on the ground, till the soil, and then cover the field with film.

[0027] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the planted crop is potato, and the application method is as follows:

[0028] After the water retaining agent and fertilizer are mixed evenly, they are evenly applied into the seed potato furrows through a sowing and fertilizing machine, or applied by sowing and rotary tillage.

[0029] Rotary tillage. Mix the water retainer and fertilizer, spread them on the ground and then perform rotary tillage. The fertilizer usage is 13.5kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 5kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5), 3kg / mu of water retainer, and the rotary tillage depth is 20-30cm. Then make ridges. When making ridges, the bottom width of the ridge is 90-110cm, the top width of the ridge is 30-40cm, and the height of the ridge is 20-30cm. According to the characteristics of local climate, soil, etc., select high-quality, disease- and pest-resistant varieties of seed potatoes. When the soil moisture content in the farmland is suitable and the soil temperature is ≥10℃, sow the seed potatoes on the ridges. The sowing time is about mid-to-late April. Plant two rows per ridge with a plant spacing of 35cm.

[0030] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the application method is as follows:

[0031] In early May and early June, two top dressings were carried out, with 6kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 10kg of potassium fertilizer (K2O), 5kg of phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) and 6.4kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 14kg of potassium fertilizer (K2O), and 5kg of phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) per mu respectively.

[0032] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the planted crop is astragalus, and the application method is as follows:

[0033] The dosage of water retainer is 3kg / mu. Sprinkle the water retainer evenly on the surface and turn it into the soil 5-20cm deep. Use it together with fertilizer.

[0034] Cultivation method: Dig trenches parallel to the long side of the plot, with a depth of 15 cm. Place the Astragalus seedlings flat along the trench, with the seedling heads 3-5 cm deep on the same side of the trench. Then plane the trench flat, with a row spacing of 40 cm and a guaranteed number of 23,800 seedlings per mu.

[0035] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the planted crop is Codonopsis pilosula, and the application method is as follows:

[0036] The dosage of water retaining agent is 3kg / mu. Sprinkle the water retaining agent evenly on the surface and turn it into the soil 5-20cm deep, and use it together with fertilizer.

[0037] The present invention adopting the above technical solution has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: the technology improves the water retention capacity of the soil and reduces water loss by mixing the water retaining agent with chemical fertilizer and applying it by broadcasting, rotary tillage or seeding machine, thereby reducing the amount of water used for irrigation. Through scientific field management and pest control, after applying the water retaining agent, 20% of irrigation water is saved while increasing the yield of corn by more than 10%; the corn yield after applying the water retaining agent is equivalent to the yield of traditional mulch planting. This technology has a significant effect of saving water and increasing yield, and is suitable for the promotion and application of corn planting. When applied to potatoes, the increase in yield can reach 22.16%; when applied to astragalus, the increase can reach 30.16%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following is further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0039] Figure 1 Table 1 is the yield analysis table for corn;

[0040] Figure 2 Table 2 Irrigation water use for different treatments of maize;

[0041] Figure 3 Table 3 is the yield analysis table for corn;

[0042] Figure 4 Ridge formation and plant spacing for potato sowing;

[0043] Figure 5 Table 1 Analysis of yield of different treatments for potato;

[0044] Figure 6 Table 2 is the yield analysis table for potatoes;

[0045] Figure 7 Table 1. Yield analysis of Astragalus. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0047] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0048] This patent provides a variety of parallel solutions, and the different expressions are improved solutions or parallel solutions based on the basic solution. Each solution has its own unique characteristics.

[0049] In view of the environmental conditions for corn planting, the rational application of water retaining agents instead of mulching has become an effective measure for agricultural water conservation and yield increase. To this end, the development of water retaining agent application technology suitable for corn planting can reduce irrigation water, increase corn yield, and achieve a yield equivalent to that of traditional mulching planting methods, which has important economic and environmental benefits.

[0050] The purpose of the corn embodiment is to provide a water retainer application technology suitable for corn. By optimizing the application method of the water retainer, the amount of irrigation water is reduced, the soil water retention capacity is improved, and the corn yield is increased. This technology aims to reduce irrigation water, reduce planting costs, and increase corn yield by applying a water retainer.

[0051] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a water-retaining agent application technology suitable for corn, wherein the specific steps of applying the water-retaining agent are as follows:

[0052] Step 1: Select the plot

[0053] Corn has strong adaptability and can grow in any land, but in order to obtain high and stable yields, the planting site should be scientifically selected. The land with flat terrain, deep soil layer, loose and porous soil, medium to high fertility, rich soil organic matter, good physical and chemical properties, and strong fertilizer and water retention capacity should be selected as the planting site. In combination with land preparation, fertilization and soil disinfection should be done well.

[0054] Step 2: Application of water retaining agent

[0055] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the water retaining agent application method is as follows:

[0056] Corn planting also has high requirements for climatic conditions, especially in terms of temperature. Corn likes warmth, and the most suitable temperature for its seeds to germinate is 20-30℃. Therefore, temperature factors should be considered when applying water retaining agents in corn planting. In areas below 1,600m above sea level, the planting technology of Hairuida water retaining agent can replace mulch film; in areas with an altitude of 1,600-2,100m, silage corn is suitable for the planting technology of Hairuida water retaining agent replacing mulch film.

[0057] (1) Areas below 1,600 m above sea level. Sow the seeds directly into the ground through the fertilizer box of the seeder or spread them on the ground before rotary tillage. The rotary tillage depth should be consistent with the depth of the well-developed root system of the crop. The optimal depth is 5-10 cm. Apply 3 kg of water retaining agent per mu.

[0058] (2) In areas above 1,600 meters above sea level, mix the water retaining agent with the fertilizer, spread it on the ground, till the soil, and then cover the field with film.

[0059] Step 3: Planting seeds

[0060] Select corn varieties scientifically and in combination with the local climate, choose hybrid corn varieties with compact plants, excellent disease resistance, wide adaptability, good quality and great yield potential. Sow them when the ground temperature 5 cm above the surface is continuously maintained at around 10°C. The sowing time is approximately from late April to early May.

[0061] Step 4: Field Management

[0062] Do a good job in the management of corn during the seedling stage, ear stage, and flower and grain stage, and pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and pests.

[0063] By applying the water retainer technology of the present invention, the emergence time of corn is earlier than that of traditional open field cultivation, and the yield is increased by more than 10%. Compared with the traditional mulch planting method, the water retainer application technology shows a comparable effect in corn yield, but the cost is lower and the environmental pollution problem is greatly reduced.

[0064] Precautions

[0065] (1) The water retaining agent needs to be evenly mixed with the fertilizer and applied near the root system to avoid concentrated application that may lead to excessive water concentration.

[0066] (2) This water-retaining agent must be used in an environment with certain precipitation or irrigation conditions. It will lose its water-retaining effect if exposed to the surface.

[0067] (3) Do not use it through drip irrigation or flushing with water to avoid clogging the equipment or affecting the water retention effect.

[0068] (4) The water-retaining agent cannot be exposed on the surface, otherwise it will not be able to play its role in retaining water and moisture, and it will be easily destroyed by photolysis.

[0069] Corn Example 1:

[0070] Test crop: corn, variety: Xianyu 335.

[0071] Test location: Tangfang Village, Peijiaying Town, Gulang County, Gansu Province, with an average altitude of 1,700 meters.

[0072] There are two treatments in the experiment: no film covering + water retaining agent (3kg / mu, mixed with chemical fertilizer and sown by machine) and film covering planting, using the local common cultivation method and fertilization habits. The irrigation method is flooding, and it is irrigated twice in total.

[0073] Yield measurement results: the average yield per mu for the group that did not use water retaining agent (film covering) was 1021.2 kg; the average yield per mu for the group that used water retaining agent (not film covering) was 1003.2 kg. After actual measurement, the yield of the group that used water retaining agent was equivalent to that of the group that used film.

[0074] Corn Example 2:

[0075] Test crop: corn, variety: M751.

[0076] Test location: Xuanzhuang Village, Qingyuan Town, Liangzhou District, Wuwei City, Gansu Province, with an average altitude of 1,400 meters.

[0077] The experiment was designed with three treatments: no film mulching + water retaining agent (3kg / mu), film mulching and film mulching + water retaining agent (3kg / mu). The irrigation method was flooding, with a total of 4 irrigations.

[0078] Yield measurement results: The yield results are shown in Table 2. The average yield per mu of the film-covered planting group is 860.8 kg; the average yield per mu of the non-film-covered + water retaining agent group is 936.8 kg; the average yield per mu of the film-covered + water retaining agent group is 976.6 kg. After actual measurement, under the film-covered planting conditions, the use of water retaining agent increased the yield per mu by 115.8 kg, and the yield increase rate reached 12.5%; the non-film-covered + water retaining agent group had an increase of 76 kg per mu compared with the film-covered planting group, an increase of 8.8%.

[0079] Table 1 Yield Analysis Unit: (kg, %)

[0080]

[0081] Corn Example 3:

[0082] Test crops: corn.

[0083] Test location: Zhongquan Town, Jingtai County, Baiyin City, Gansu Province, with an average altitude of 1,600 meters.

[0084] The experiment was designed with two treatments: conventional treatment: no water retaining agent was used; water retaining agent treatment: the water retaining agent was used (3kg / mu).

[0085] Irrigation conditions: As shown in Table 2, water retaining agent treatment saves 20m3 of irrigation water compared with conventional treatment. 3 / time, saving a total of 80m3 of irrigation water 3 / mu.

[0086] Table 2 Irrigation water usage in different treatments

[0087]

[0088] Yield analysis: From Table 3, we can see that the corn yield per mu of conventional treatment and water retaining agent treatment is 1029.1kg / mu and 1141.0kg / mu respectively. The application of water retaining agent can increase the yield per mu by 111.9kg while saving 20% ​​of water, an increase of 10.87%.

[0089] Table 3 Yield analysis table (unit: m 2 , kg, %)

[0090]

[0091] This technology improves the soil's water retention capacity and reduces water loss by mixing water retaining agent with chemical fertilizer and applying it by spreading, rotary tillage or seeding machine, thereby reducing the amount of irrigation water. Through scientific field management and pest control, after applying water retaining agent, 20% of irrigation water is saved while increasing corn yield by more than 10%; the corn yield after applying water retaining agent is equivalent to the yield of traditional mulch planting. This technology has a significant effect of saving water and increasing yield, and is suitable for the promotion and application of corn planting.

[0092] The purpose of the potato embodiment is to provide a water retainer application technology suitable for potatoes to solve the problems of the traditional water retaining measures mentioned in the above background, such as waste of water resources, unsustainable water retaining effect, and cumbersome operation. It aims to reduce irrigation water through a scientific and reasonable water retainer application method while ensuring the growth and yield of potatoes.

[0093] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a water-retaining agent application technology suitable for potatoes, wherein the specific steps of applying the water-retaining agent are as follows:

[0094] Step 1: Select the plot

[0095] Select suitable plots for potato planting. Potatoes are suitable for planting in loose, well-drained sandy loam with high organic matter content, and the soil pH value is 5.5-6.0. In order to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases and regulate soil nutrients, potatoes should be rotated with other crops for 3-5 years to avoid continuous cropping.

[0096] Step 2: Application of water retaining agent

[0097] After the water retaining agent and fertilizer are mixed evenly, they are evenly applied into the seed potato furrows through a sowing and fertilizing machine, or applied by sowing and rotary tillage.

[0098] (1) Rotary tillage. Mix the water retainer and fertilizer, spread them on the ground and then perform rotary tillage. The fertilizer usage is 13.5kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 5kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5), 3kg / mu of water retainer, and the rotary tillage depth is 20-30cm. Then make ridges. When making ridges, the bottom width of the ridge is 90-110cm, the top width of the ridge is 30-40cm, and the height of the ridge is 20-30cm. According to the characteristics of local climate and soil, select high-quality, disease- and insect-resistant varieties of seed potatoes. When the soil moisture content in the farmland is suitable and the soil temperature is ≥10℃, sow the seed potatoes on the ridges. The sowing time is about mid-to-late April. Plant two rows per ridge with a plant spacing of 35cm.

[0099] (2) Potato seeding and fertilization machine. Large seeders have a row spacing of 90 cm and a plant spacing of 15-20 cm. Small seeders are mostly single-ridge double-row planting, with a large row spacing of 80-90 cm and a small row spacing of 30-40 cm. Ridging, fertilization, application of water retaining agent, and sowing are completed in one go. After thoroughly mixing the water retaining agent with the base fertilizer, apply it evenly to the furrow of the seed potatoes through the fertilizer box of the seed drill. For machines with auxiliary fertilizer boxes, the water retaining agent can be placed in it and applied separately. The fertilizer dosage, seed potato requirements and sowing time are the same as (1).

[0100] (3) Flat cultivation. After turning the soil in autumn, harrow and level it. When sowing in spring, directly dig furrows and sow seeds. When sowing, mix the water retaining agent with the base fertilizer to prevent chemical fertilizer from damaging the seeds. Then spread it in the furrows with the seed potatoes every other row. That is, spread chemical fertilizers and water retaining agents in the furrows of one row, and plant seeds in every other row.

[0101] Step 3: Water Management

[0102] Irrigation of potatoes should be carried out in a timely manner according to the rainfall and soil moisture conditions in the area. Generally, potatoes without water retaining agents are irrigated 5 times during the growth period, with each irrigation volume of 20-30m 3After applying water retaining agent, the irrigation frequency can be reduced according to the soil moisture condition, and the irrigation water can be reduced by 20%.

[0103] The application scope of dryland potato water retainer is within the range of 300-800mm annual precipitation and below 2100m above sea level. It is best to mix it with base fertilizer during land preparation in autumn for moisture retention effect.

[0104] Step 4: Field Management

[0105] After the potato seedlings emerge, timely tillage, weeding and soiling should be carried out, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. When applying water retaining agent, potatoes do not need to be covered with mulch.

[0106] Step 5: Scientific topdressing

[0107] Topdressing is carried out scientifically according to soil fertility and plant growth. In early May and early June, topdressing is carried out twice, with 6kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 10kg of potassium fertilizer (K2O), 5kg of phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) and 6.4kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 14kg of potassium fertilizer (K2O), and 5kg of phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) per mu respectively.

[0108] The invention improves the water retention capacity of the soil and the amount of irrigation water through the rational application of water retaining agent, and has a significant application effect in potato planting in arid areas. Compared with the traditional cultivation method, the potato yield is increased by more than 15%. The technology can also reduce the dependence on ground film and effectively solve the problem of ground film pollution.

[0109] Precautions

[0110] (1) The water retaining agent needs to be evenly mixed with the fertilizer and applied near the root system to avoid concentrated application that may lead to excessive water concentration.

[0111] (2) This water-retaining agent must be used in an environment with certain precipitation or irrigation conditions. It will lose its water-retaining effect if exposed to the surface.

[0112] (3) Do not use it through drip irrigation or flushing with water to avoid clogging the equipment or affecting the water retention effect.

[0113] (4) The water-retaining agent cannot be exposed on the surface, otherwise it will not be able to play its role in retaining water and moisture, and it will be easily destroyed by photolysis.

[0114] Potato Example 1:

[0115] Test crops: potato, variety: Yunshu 304.

[0116] Test location: Fourth Community, Shuangqiao Village, Dongzhai Town, Yongchang County, Jinchang City, Gansu Province, about 1,800 meters above sea level.

[0117] Two treatments were designed in the experiment: (1) conventional fertilization treatment, with the fertilizer dosage of 200 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 100 kg / mu of potassium phosphate fertilizer, which was spread on the surface and then rotary tilled. (2) water retainer treatment, with the water retainer dosage of 3 kg / mu, which was evenly spread on the surface and then rotary tilled. The fertilizers applied and the treatment time were the same as those for conventional fertilization treatment.

[0118] Sowing method: Cultivate in parallel furrows along the long side of the plot, with a ridge width of 90cm, a ridge distance of 50cm, and a ridge height of 20cm, and use mechanical sowing. 2 6500 holes of seedlings are preserved.

[0119] Irrigation method: drip irrigation. The group without water retaining agent was irrigated 7 times during the whole potato growth period, with a total irrigation of 230m 3 / mu, the water retaining agent group was irrigated with a total of 184m3 of water during the entire potato growth period 3 / mu, 20% water saving per mu, 46m3 water saving 3 / mu.

[0120] Yield analysis: The average yield per mu for the conventional treatment group was 2913.59 kg; the average yield per mu for the water retainer treatment group was 3395.08 kg. According to actual measurements, the yield of potatoes treated with Hairuda water retainer increased by 481.49 kg, a 16.53% increase, compared with those not treated with water retainer.

[0121] Table 1 Analysis of yields under different treatments (unit: kg, %)

[0122]

[0123] Potato Example 2:

[0124] Crop: Potato; Variety: Atlantic.

[0125] Test location: Xujiamen Village, Sancha Town, Zhang County, 1999 meters above sea level.

[0126] Three treatments were designed in the experiment, namely: (1) blank treatment: no water retainer and fertilizer were applied; (2) conventional fertilization treatment: compound fertilizer (total nutrients ≥ 45%, containing N18%, P2O514%, K2O 13%) was applied at a rate of 50 kg / mu, the fertilizer was evenly spread on the surface and then rotary tilled into the soil; (3) water retainer treatment: Hairuida water retainer was applied at a rate of 3 kg / mu, the water retainer was evenly spread on the surface and then rotary tilled.

[0127] Sowing method: Use potato seeding gun for spot sowing, with row spacing of 50cm and plant spacing of 40cm. 2 There are 3335 seedling holes and no irrigation conditions.

[0128] Yield analysis: After analysis, as shown in Table 2, the water retainer treatment had the highest yield of 1513.04 kg per mu among the three treatments, the conventional fertilization treatment was in the middle, 1238.58 kg, and the blank treatment had the lowest yield, only 556.14 kg. Compared with conventional fertilization, the application of water retainer increased the potato yield by 274.46 kg per mu, an increase of 22.16%.

[0129] Table 2 Yield Analysis Table (Unit: kg, %)

[0130]

[0131] Potato Example 3:

[0132] Crop: Potato; Variety: Ji Zhang Shu 12.

[0133] The test site is Xiaochakou Village, Lujiagou Town, Anding District, Dingxi City, Gansu Province. The irrigation method is drip irrigation.

[0134] Experimental design: This experiment is a comparative experiment. There are two treatments in the experiment: no film covering + water retaining agent and film covering planting. The local common cultivation method and fertilization habits are adopted. The experiment is designed with two treatments, no film covering + water retaining agent treatment (3kg / mu) and film covering treatment. The irrigation method is drip irrigation.

[0135] Yield analysis: The yield test results are shown in Table 3. The yield test results show that the average yield per mu of the group covered with film (without water retainer) is 3951 kg; the average yield per mu of the group using water retainer (without film) is 3907 kg. After actual measurement, the yield of potatoes covered with film without water retainer is equivalent to that of potatoes covered with film without water retainer (the yield of the film group is 44 kg higher).

[0136] The purpose of the Chinese medicinal material embodiment is to provide a water retainer application technology suitable for Chinese medicinal materials, which can improve the water retention capacity of the soil by optimizing the application method of the water retainer, thereby improving the yield and quality of Chinese medicinal materials. This technology can replace traditional mulching planting and is particularly suitable for areas with an annual rainfall of 300-500mm. The present invention includes technical points such as site selection, water retainer application method, sowing management and field management. Through the scientific and reasonable application of water retainers, the use of chemical fertilizers and water resources is reduced, while ensuring the normal growth and high yield of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0137] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a water-retaining agent application technology suitable for Chinese medicinal materials, wherein the specific steps of applying the water-retaining agent are as follows:

[0138] Step 1: Select the plot

[0139] Soil conditions directly affect the quality and yield of medicinal materials. Most Chinese medicinal materials are suitable for growing in soil with a deep soil layer, high fertility, and neutral pH. Root and stem medicinal materials are suitable for planting in sandy loam. Astragalus and licorice have deep root systems and require deep ploughing. When selecting a site, attention should also be paid to the content of heavy metal elements such as arsenic, mercury, lead, and copper in the soil and pesticide residues.

[0140] Step 2: Application of water retaining agent

[0141] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the water retaining agent application method is as follows:

[0142] Because medicinal materials do not require high temperatures during planting, based on sufficient theoretical research and a large amount of experimental basis, Hairuida water-retaining agent can completely replace ground film in the planting of Chinese medicinal materials. This planting technology is suitable for areas with annual rainfall of 300-500mm.

[0143] (1) Furrow application: After land preparation, dig a sowing furrow with a depth consistent with the depth of the well-developed root system of the crop. Mix the water retaining agent and fertilizer and spread them into the sowing furrow. Cover with soil after sowing.

[0144] (2) Broadcasting: Before sowing, mix the water retaining agent and fertilizer evenly and spread them on the ground surface. Rotary tillage and harrow the ground to a depth consistent with the depth of the well-developed crop root system.

[0145] Step 3: Field Management

[0146] It is also important to cultivate the soil in time and control weeds in the medicinal field, and pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and pests.

[0147] By applying the water-retaining agent technology of the present invention, the water-retaining capacity of the soil is greatly improved during the growth process, and the amount of irrigation water is reduced. At the same time, the yield of Chinese medicinal materials is increased by more than 30% compared with open-field cultivation, ensuring the quality and quantity of the medicinal materials.

[0148] Precautions

[0149] (1) The water retaining agent needs to be evenly mixed with the fertilizer and applied near the root system to avoid concentrated application that may lead to excessive water concentration.

[0150] (2) This water-retaining agent must be used in an environment with certain precipitation or irrigation conditions. It will lose its water-retaining effect if exposed to the surface.

[0151] (3) Do not use it through drip irrigation or flushing with water to avoid clogging the equipment or affecting the water retention effect.

[0152] (4) The water-retaining agent cannot be exposed on the surface, otherwise it will not be able to play its role in retaining water and moisture, and it will be easily destroyed by photolysis.

[0153] Astragalus embodiment 1:

[0154] Test crop: Astragalus, test variety: selected Inner Mongolia dwarf Astragalus.

[0155] Test location: Chenjiazui Village, Maquan Township, Zhang County, Gansu Province, with an average altitude of about 2,200 meters.

[0156] The experiment has three treatments, namely:

[0157] (1) Blank control (no fertilizer, no water retaining agent);

[0158] (2) Conventional fertilization (no water retaining agent, application of high-efficiency slow-release astragalus fertilizer, containing 20% ​​N, 15% P2O5, 10% K2O, 50 kg / mu). The application time is March 15, 2020, and the application method is to spread the fertilizer on the surface and rotary tillage;

[0159] (3) Water retaining agent treatment: The dosage of water retaining agent is 3kg / mu. The water retaining agent is evenly spread on the surface and turned into the soil at a depth of 5-20cm. The dosage, usage and application time of fertilizer are the same as those of conventional treatment.

[0160] Cultivation method: Cultivate in parallel trenches along the long side of the plot, with a depth of 15 cm. Place the Astragalus membranaceus seedlings flat along the trenches, with the seedling heads placed 3-5 cm deep on the same side of the trench. Then flatten the trenches, with a row spacing of 40 cm and 23,800 seedlings per mu. No irrigation conditions.

[0161] Yield measurement results: As shown in Table 1, the water retainer treatment had the highest yield, with the fresh weight of roots and dry weight of roots converted to 794.41kg and 331.00kg per mu, respectively. The fresh weight of roots and dry weight of roots in the conventional fertilization treatment were 559.47kg and 254.30kg per mu, respectively. The fresh weight of roots and dry weight of roots in the blank control treatment were 406.39kg and 169.34kg per mu, respectively. The fresh weight of roots in the water retainer treatment increased by 234.94kg compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, an increase of 41.99%. The dry weight of roots in the water retainer treatment increased by 76.7kg compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, an increase of 30.16%, and the yield-increasing effect was obvious.

[0162] Table 1 Yield analysis (unit: kg, %)

[0163]

[0164] Codonopsis pilosula embodiment 2:

[0165] Test crops: Codonopsis pilosula.

[0166] Test location: Malugou Village, Xinzhai Town, Weiyuan County, Dingxi City, Gansu Province, with an average altitude of about 2,200 meters. No irrigation conditions.

[0167] There are two treatments in the experiment, namely no film covering + water retaining agent (4kg / mu) and film covering planting. The local common cultivation methods and fertilization habits are adopted.

[0168] Yield measurement results: the average yield per mu for the group without using water retaining agent (film covering) was 668.89 kg; the average yield per mu for the group using water retaining agent (without film covering) was 623.8 kg. After actual measurement, the yield of the dang gen with Hairuda water retaining agent but without film covering was equivalent to that of the dang gen with film covering but without using water retaining agent (the film covering group was 45.09 kg / mu higher).

[0169] Codonopsis pilosula embodiment 3:

[0170] Test crop: Astragalus.

[0171] Test location: Zhangjiawan Village, Kezhai Town, Longxi County, Gansu Province, about 2100m above sea level.

[0172] There are two treatments in the experiment, namely the use of water retaining agent (4kg / mu) and film covering planting. The local common cultivation methods and fertilization habits are adopted without irrigation conditions.

[0173] Yield measurement results: After actual measurement, the average yield per mu of the group using water retaining agent was 813.74 kg; the average yield per mu of the group planted with film mulching was 720.36 kg; the yield of Codonopsis pilosula using water retaining agent was 93.38 kg higher than that of the group planted with film mulching, an increase of 12.96%.

[0174] The present invention provides a water retaining agent application technology suitable for Chinese medicinal materials. The technology mixes the water retaining agent with chemical fertilizers, and evenly applies them to the soil around the roots of the Chinese medicinal materials by furrow application or broadcasting, thereby improving the water retention capacity of the soil, reducing water loss, and reducing the frequency of irrigation and the amount of fertilizer used. The technology is particularly suitable for arid areas with an annual rainfall of 300-500 mm, and can replace the traditional mulching method to effectively improve the yield and quality of Chinese medicinal materials. Through this technology, the yield of medicinal materials is increased by more than 30% compared with conventional fertilization cultivation, with significant water-saving and yield-increasing effects; and it is equivalent to the yield of traditional mulching film planting, which can reduce the environmental pollution problems caused by the mulching film, and is suitable for the planting and management of Chinese medicinal materials in the northwest region.

[0175] The basic principle, main features and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the protection required.

Claims

1. A water-retaining agent with biological regulation function, characterized in that: The water retaining agent needs to be evenly mixed with the fertilizer and applied evenly around the root system without exposing it to the surface, avoiding concentrated application that may lead to excessive concentration of water; The preparation method of the water-retaining agent is: ① Take a portion of acrylamide crystals, add distilled water to adjust its mass concentration to 20%, and obtain an acrylamide solution; ② ① add 2‰ parts of a crosslinking agent, the crosslinking agent using nitrogen nitrogen methylene bis acrylamide, which is completely dissolved in the acrylamide solution; ③. Add 40% of potassium carbonate to ② to completely dissolve it, then add 15% of glutamic acid and 15% of attapulgite, stir evenly to avoid precipitation; ④. Raise the temperature of ③ to 23°C, introduce nitrogen, and add 4‰ of initiator after 5 minutes. The initiator uses ammonium persulfate to initiate polymerization. The polymerization reaction takes 3-4 hours; ⑤. Put the polymerized ④ into a constant temperature water bath at 95℃ for 4 hours, then cut it into small particles and put it into an oven for drying until the solid content reaches 92%; ⑥. Put ⑤ into a grinder and grind it, then screen the particle size according to the needs to obtain the water retaining agent.

2. The use of the water-retaining agent is characterized in that: The water retaining agent according to claim 1 is used under precipitation or irrigation conditions.

3. The method of use of the water-retaining agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: Crops are covered with film or not covered with film.

4. The method of use of the water-retaining agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The crop planted is corn, and the application method is as follows: Corn planting also has relatively high requirements on climatic conditions, especially in terms of temperature. Corn likes warmth, and the most suitable temperature for its seeds to germinate is 20-30℃. Therefore, temperature factors should be considered when applying water retaining agents to corn planting. In areas below 1600m above sea level, water retaining agent planting technology can replace mulch film; in areas with an altitude of 1600-2100m, silage corn is suitable for Hairuida water retaining agent to replace mulch film planting technology; (1) Areas below 1,600 m above sea level: Sow the seeds directly into the ground through the fertilizer box of the seeder or spread them on the ground before rotary tilling. The rotary tillage depth should be consistent with the depth of the well-developed root system of the crop. The optimal depth is 5-10 cm. Apply 3 kg of water retaining agent per mu. (2) Areas above 1,600 meters above sea level: Mix the water retaining agent and fertilizer evenly, spread them on the ground, till the soil, and then cover the field with film.

5. The method of use of the water-retaining agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The crop grown was potato and the application method was as follows: After the water retaining agent and fertilizer are mixed evenly, they are evenly applied into the seed potato furrows through a sowing and fertilizing machine, or applied by sowing and rotary tillage. Rotary tillage. Mix the water retainer and fertilizer, spread them on the ground and then perform rotary tillage. The fertilizer usage is 13.5kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 5kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5), 3kg / mu of water retainer, and the rotary tillage depth is 20-30cm. Then make ridges. When making ridges, the bottom width of the ridge is 90-110cm, the top width of the ridge is 30-40cm, and the height of the ridge is 20-30cm. According to the characteristics of local climate, soil, etc., select high-quality, disease- and pest-resistant varieties of seed potatoes. When the soil moisture content in the farmland is suitable and the soil temperature is ≥10℃, sow the seed potatoes on the ridges. The sowing time is about mid-to-late April. Plant two rows per ridge with a plant spacing of 35cm.

6. The method of use of the water-retaining agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The application method is as follows: In early May and early June, two top dressings were carried out, with 6kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 10kg of potassium fertilizer (K2O), 5kg of phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) and 6.4kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 14kg of potassium fertilizer (K2O), and 5kg of phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) per mu respectively.

7. The method of use of the water-retaining agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The crop planted is Astragalus, and the application method is as follows: The dosage of water retainer is 3kg / mu. Sprinkle the water retainer evenly on the surface and turn it into the soil 5-20cm deep. Use it together with fertilizer. Cultivation method: Dig trenches parallel to the long side of the plot, with a depth of 15 cm. Place the Astragalus seedlings flat along the trench, with the seedling heads 3-5 cm deep on the same side of the trench. Then plane the trench flat, with a row spacing of 40 cm and a guaranteed number of 23,800 seedlings per mu.

8. The method of use of the water-retaining agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The crop planted is Codonopsis pilosula, and the application method is as follows: The dosage of water retaining agent is 3kg / mu. Sprinkle the water retaining agent evenly on the surface and turn it into the soil 5-20cm deep, and use it together with fertilizer.

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