A kind of shear resistant hollow brick and construction method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of hollow bricks, and specifically to a shear-resistant hollow brick and a construction method thereof. The shear-resistant hollow brick comprises a first parallel edge, a second V-shaped edge, a second parallel edge and a first V-shaped edge connected in sequence. The first V-shaped edge and the second V-shaped edge are respectively located on two opposite sides of the shear-resistant hollow brick. The first V-shaped edge is a concave structure, and the second V-shaped edge is a convex structure. The first parallel edge and the second parallel edge are located on the other opposite sides of the shear-resistant hollow brick. The present invention improves the shear strength between bricks by forming a mechanical bite effect through the mutual engagement of the first V-shaped edge (concave) and the second V-shaped edge (convex). In addition, the V-shaped edge also produces a self-locking effect, which further enhances the overall stability of the wall, improves the seismic performance, reduces shear deformation, and enhances the structural safety and durability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hollow bricks, and in particular to a shear-resistant hollow brick and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In building structures, masonry walls are widely used in building envelopes and partial load-bearing structures. However, under earthquake or wind loads, the walls will be subjected to large horizontal shear forces, causing structural deformation or even damage. In particular, hollow brick walls have relatively low shear resistance due to the presence of cavities inside them. They are more likely to slip, dislocate or crack when subjected to earthquake forces or lateral thrusts, thus affecting the stability and safety of the entire wall.

[0003] Traditional hollow bricks mostly adopt a straight-edge design, and the adjacent bricks are mainly bonded by mortar, lacking mechanical bite force, and are prone to slippage or dislocation under shear force, reducing the overall strength of the wall. In addition, the internal structure of traditional hollow bricks is uniform and lacks reinforcement areas, which easily form stress concentration points when subjected to force, causing brittle failure of the bricks themselves. Due to the above defects, traditional hollow brick walls are prone to a series of damage phenomena when subjected to shear force, such as horizontal dislocation between bricks, resulting in overall instability of the wall and affecting structural safety; the wall may have through cracks or partial detachment, and may even cause the wall to collapse under extreme conditions such as earthquakes; problems such as mortar layer peeling and brick separation may reduce the durability of the wall and affect the normal use of the building. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a shear-resistant hollow brick on one hand, comprising a first parallel side, a second V-shaped side, a second parallel side and a first V-shaped side connected in sequence. The first V-shaped side and the second V-shaped side are respectively located on two opposite sides of the shear-resistant hollow brick. The first V-shaped side is a concave structure, and the second V-shaped side is a convex structure. The first parallel side and the second parallel side are located on the other opposite sides of the shear-resistant hollow brick.

[0005] The present invention forms a mechanical bite effect by interlocking the first V-shaped edge (concave structure) and the second V-shaped edge (convex structure), thereby effectively improving the shear strength between bricks. During the masonry process, adjacent hollow bricks are arranged along the V-shaped edge direction, and the first V-shaped edge and the second V-shaped edge interlock with each other, so that a mechanical locking effect similar to a mortise and tenon structure is formed between the bricks. Under the action of horizontal shear force, adjacent bricks cannot slide directly along the mortar layer, and the V-shaped edge provides additional shear resistance through geometric interlocking, thereby significantly reducing the relative displacement between bricks. Compared with the traditional hollow bricks that only rely on the bonding force of the mortar layer to resist the shear force, the V-shaped interlocking structure increases the contact area between bricks, forms multi-point support, and enables the shear stress to be dispersed to a larger contact surface, avoiding slippage and rupture caused by local stress concentration. In addition, when the shear force continues to increase, the interlocking structure of the V-shaped edge will produce a self-locking effect, further enhancing the bite force between bricks, so that the bricks are synergistically stressed, and effectively improving the shear strength and overall stability of the wall. This mechanical bite action not only significantly enhances the seismic performance of the wall, but also effectively reduces the deformation and damage of the structure under shear stress, thereby improving the safety and service life of the wall.

[0006] Furthermore, the first V-shaped edge and the second V-shaped edge are symmetrical about the line connecting the vertices of the first V-shaped edge and the second V-shaped edge. This design optimizes the force balance of the bricks, making them have more stable structural performance under shear force and vertical load. The symmetrical V-shaped edges ensure that the bricks can form a uniform interlocking structure when spliced, so that when the wall is subjected to horizontal shear force, the V-shaped edges on both sides can simultaneously play a bite effect, disperse the stress, and avoid the dislocation or slippage of the bricks caused by excessive force on one side. In addition, this symmetry enables the bricks to transfer loads evenly when under pressure, improve the overall compressive resistance, and reduce the risk of fracture caused by local stress concentration. At the same time, the symmetrical structure also enables the bricks to have better directional consistency during the construction process, facilitates standardized production and rapid masonry, improves construction efficiency, reduces errors, and ensures the overall verticality and stability of the wall.

[0007] Furthermore, the angle between the first V-shaped edge and the second V-shaped edge is between 30 degrees and 120 degrees. Preferably, the angle is between 45 degrees and 90 degrees to achieve the best balance between shear resistance, construction convenience and structural stability. When the angle is close to 45 degrees, the mechanical bite of the brick is the strongest, and the shear force can be dispersed through a longer contact surface, reducing stress concentration, improving shear strength, and forming a self-locking effect to prevent brick slippage and enhance the stability of mortar filling. When the angle is close to 90 degrees, the bricks are more evenly stressed, the overall rigidity is improved, and the construction alignment is more intuitive, which helps to improve masonry efficiency and reduce construction errors. In addition, too small an angle (less than 30 degrees) will lead to a reduction in the stress surface of the bricks, reduce shear resistance, and increase construction difficulty, while too large an angle (greater than 120 degrees) will weaken the brick's ability to fit together and reduce the shear resistance of the wall. Therefore, an angle of 45 to 90 degrees is preferred to enhance the shear resistance while ensuring construction convenience and long-term wall stability, making the bricks suitable for earthquake-resistant buildings, high-rise infill walls and standardized construction projects.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a connecting part, which is arranged inside the shear-resistant hollow brick, and the connecting part connects the middle part of the first V-shaped edge and the second V-shaped edge. The connecting part provides an additional support structure to prevent the hollow brick from being locally deformed or broken due to excessive cavity under shear force or compression load, thereby improving the overall stability of the brick. The connecting part can evenly disperse the shear force, avoid stress concentration on a single part of the brick body, reduce crack propagation caused by excessive local stress, and improve the shear resistance of the brick. During the construction process, the connecting part helps to improve the mortar filling effect, so that the mortar can be more evenly distributed inside the brick body, improve the bonding force between the brick and the mortar layer, and further improve the shear strength and overall stability of the wall.

[0009] Furthermore, the two ends of the connection are wide and the middle part is narrow. When the connection is subjected to stress, a gradually transitional stress distribution can be formed, which reduces stress concentration, reduces the generation of cracks inside the brick, and improves the shear and compression resistance. In addition, the design of wide ends provides stronger support and restraint, making the brick body less likely to break under horizontal shear force or vertical load, while the narrower structure in the middle retains the deformation ability of the brick to a certain extent, so that it can buffer external force after being subjected to stress, and improve the ductility and earthquake resistance of the brick body.

[0010] Furthermore, the height of the connection part is less than the height of the shear hollow brick, and the connection part is placed at the waist of the shear hollow brick. In this way, the upper and lower parts of the brick still maintain a through cavity structure, while maintaining the lightweight characteristics, ensuring that the brick can be evenly deformed when under pressure, reducing local cracking caused by uneven force. In addition, the connection part is located at the waist of the brick body, so that it forms a more reasonable stress distribution under the action of shear force, enhances the shear strength of the brick, and avoids uneven force caused by the connection part being too high or too low. The structure can also provide additional seismic buffering capacity under the action of dynamic loads such as earthquakes, so that the brick can absorb part of the stress when subjected to horizontal vibrations, reducing the brittle failure inside the brick. In addition, the connection part does not completely penetrate the brick body, so that the mortar can more evenly fill the upper and lower cavity areas during the masonry process, improve the bonding strength between the brick and the mortar, and enhance the overall shear and seismic resistance of the wall.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a protrusion, which is fixed on the connecting part, and the protrusion is strip-shaped, and the end of the protrusion does not contact the inner wall of the shear-resistant hollow brick. The strip-shaped protrusion forms a local reinforcing rib inside the brick body, so that the brick body has a higher overall rigidity under the action of shear force, reduces the deformation of the brick in the horizontal shear direction, and improves the shear resistance. In addition, the end of the protrusion does not contact the inner wall of the brick body, which means that the structure has a certain buffer space during the shear deformation process, so that the brick body can first undergo local strain through the protrusion when subjected to shear force, and then gradually transmit it to the entire brick body, effectively dispersing stress and avoiding local cracking or brick breakage caused by stress concentration. In addition, this non-contact end design can also absorb part of the energy during the shear force process, similar to the buffering effect of a flexible seismic structure, so that the brick can be moderately deformed under short-term vibration or impact loads without directly suffering brittle failure, thereby improving the seismic resistance of the brick body.

[0012] On the other hand, the present invention provides a construction method of shear-resistant hollow bricks. During the construction of the shear-resistant hollow bricks, the shear-resistant hollow bricks are arranged and laid along the first V-shaped edge and the second V-shaped edge.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the present invention: (1) The present invention forms a mechanical bite effect by interlocking the first V-shaped edge (inner concave) and the second V-shaped edge (outer convex) to improve the shear strength between bricks. Under the action of shear force, the interlocking structure of the V-shaped edges can prevent the bricks from sliding along the mortar layer, thereby enhancing the shear bearing capacity between bricks. Compared with traditional hollow bricks that only rely on mortar bonding, the present invention provides additional shear resistance through geometric interlocking, disperses stress to a larger contact surface, and reduces local stress concentration. The V-shaped edge also produces a self-locking effect, further enhancing the overall stability of the wall, improving seismic performance, reducing shear deformation, and improving structural safety and durability.

[0014] (2) The hollow bricks of the present invention can automatically align during the masonry process through the V-shaped interlocking structure, thereby improving the accuracy of construction. Compared with the problem that traditional straight-edge bricks may cause local unevenness of the wall due to uneven mortar thickness, the V-shaped edge design allows the bricks to automatically correct their alignment when spliced, ensuring uniform brick joints and improving the verticality and overall flatness of the wall. In addition, the interlocking effect between bricks reduces the possibility of brick misalignment or slippage during construction, improves the quality of masonry, and makes the wall more solid and durable.

[0015] (3) The present invention adopts a V-shaped edge structure, which can form a V-shaped groove after the bricks are spliced, providing better filling space for mortar. Since the mortar can be deeply embedded in the V-shaped groove, the anchoring effect between the mortar and the bricks is enhanced, the bonding force is improved, and the mortar layer is prevented from cracking due to shear force. Compared with traditional straight-edged hollow bricks, the V-shaped interlocking structure can reduce the risk of mortar layer peeling, make the masonry wall more stable, extend the service life, and improve the long-term durability of the building.

[0016] (4) The V-shaped interlocking structure and hollow design of the present invention can reduce air convection, make the wall form a better sound insulation barrier, improve the sound insulation performance of the building, and are suitable for places that require a quiet environment, such as residential, office and commercial buildings. In addition, the cavity structure inside the bricks can effectively reduce heat conduction, improve the thermal insulation capacity of the wall, reduce heat loss in the winter and reduce heat transfer in the summer, thereby improving energy saving effects, reducing air conditioning and heating energy consumption, and improving the overall comfort of the building.

[0017] Based on the above beneficial effects, the present invention has good application prospects in the field of hollow brick technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a shear-resistant hollow brick.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another type of shear-resistant hollow brick.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another type of shear-resistant hollow brick.

[0021] In the figure: 1, first parallel side; 2, second parallel side; 3, first V-shaped side; 4, second V-shaped side; 5, connecting portion; 6, protruding portion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0023] Example 1 The present invention provides a shear-resistant hollow brick, such as Figure 1As shown, its structure includes a first parallel side 1, a second V-shaped side 4, a second parallel side 2 and a first V-shaped side 3 connected in sequence, wherein the first V-shaped side 3 and the second V-shaped side 4 are respectively located on opposite sides of the brick body, the first V-shaped side 3 is an inner concave structure, and the second V-shaped side 4 is an outer convex structure, and the first parallel side 1 and the second parallel side 2 are located on the other opposite sides of the brick body, so that the brick body is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped as a whole. The first V-shaped side 3 and the second V-shaped side 4 are symmetrical about the line connecting their vertices, that is, the geometric shapes, sizes, and angles of the two V-shaped sides are equal, and are evenly distributed along the center line of the brick body. This symmetrical design enables the bricks to form a uniform interlocking relationship during masonry, improves the mechanical bite force between the bricks, makes the brick body more uniform under the action of shear force, reduces local stress concentration, and improves the overall shear resistance. At the same time, the symmetrical design facilitates the precise alignment of bricks during construction, improves masonry accuracy, reduces errors, and thus improves the overall stability of the wall. The angle between the first V-shaped side 3 and the second V-shaped side 4 is 60 degrees. The angle design ensures the mechanical locking effect between the bricks, making them have strong anti-slip ability under shear force. Shear-resistant hollow bricks use high-strength ceramsite concrete or high-density aerated concrete as the main material to ensure that the brick body has good compression and shear resistance, while reducing the deadweight and improving construction convenience. The brick body density is controlled at 1600 kg / m 3 Up to 2000 kg / m 3 The compressive strength is not less than 15MPa, and the shear strength is above 2.5MPa. In addition, the standard size of the brick is set at 390mm*190mm*140mm (length*width*height), and the depth of the V-shaped edge is controlled at 20mm-30mm to ensure the bite force and structural stability of the brick, while facilitating on-site construction and transportation.

[0024] The preparation method of the shear-resistant hollow brick of the present invention is similar to that of the traditional hollow brick, and will not increase the difficulty of production, and can be completed only by mold optimization. During preparation, first, high-strength ceramsite concrete or high-density aerated concrete is prepared in proportion, and stirred evenly to ensure the homogeneity of the material. Then, a precision mold is used for molding, wherein a first V-shaped edge 3 (concave) and a second V-shaped edge 4 (convex) are arranged in the mold to ensure that the brick has a good interlocking structure and mechanical properties. After molding, high-temperature steam curing or natural curing is performed to ensure that the strength of the brick body meets the standard. Since the bricks of the present invention still use conventional mold pressing, steam curing, and demolding processes, it will not increase the difficulty of production and can be directly applied to the production line of the existing brick factory without the need for additional equipment modification.

[0025] Example 2 On the basis of Example 1, Figure 2As shown, a connecting portion 5 is added inside the shear-resistant hollow brick, and the connecting portion 5 is used to connect the middle of the first V-shaped edge 3 and the second V-shaped edge 4, further enhancing the shear strength and overall stability of the brick. The connecting portion 5 is wide at both ends and narrow in the middle, that is, the width of the end of the connecting portion accounts for 50% of the width of the brick body, and the width of the narrowest part in the middle accounts for 30% of the width of the brick body. This structure can gradually transition stress under the action of shear force, avoid stress concentration, and reduce the risk of local cracking of the brick body. In addition, the structural design allows the narrow area in the middle of the brick to form a certain buffering effect when the brick is subjected to shear force, thereby improving the flexible seismic resistance of the brick and ensuring the overall strength. In addition, the height of the connecting portion 5 is less than the height of the shear-resistant hollow brick and is placed at the waist of the brick body, that is, the height of the connecting portion 5 is about 50% to 70% of the height of the brick body, ensuring that it can provide sufficient structural support without completely blocking the cavity inside the brick body.

[0026] Compared with Example 1, this embodiment further improves the shear and compression resistance of bricks by introducing geometric optimization, force optimization and mortar filling optimization of the connection part 5, making it more stable under dynamic loads such as earthquakes, and is suitable for building structures with higher shear strength requirements, such as high-rise earthquake-resistant buildings, industrial plants and high-load filled walls.

[0027] Preferably, the thickness of the first V-shaped edge 3 and the second V-shaped edge 4 is uneven along the inner and outer directions, and a design of thin outside and thick inside is adopted, that is, the thickness of the V-shaped edge portion close to the inside of the brick body is relatively large, accounting for 25%-35% of the overall thickness of the brick body, while the V-shaped edge portion close to the outer edge of the brick body is relatively thin, accounting for 15%-20% of the overall thickness of the brick body. This design helps to optimize the transmission path of the shear force, so that the shear stress gradually diffuses from the outer edge of the brick body to the inside, avoids stress concentration, and improves the shear resistance. At the same time, the thickened V-shaped edge on the inside enhances the mechanical bite force between the bricks, provides stronger anti-slip ability when subjected to shear force, reduces brick dislocation, and improves the overall stability of the wall.

[0028] Example 3 On the basis of Example 2, Figure 3As shown, a protrusion 6 is added to the connecting portion 5, and the protrusion 6 is in a strip shape. In addition, the protrusion 6 is inclined in the vertical direction, which further enhances the shear resistance and overall stability of the brick. The protrusion 6 of this embodiment is fixed on the connecting portion 5 and inclined relative to the vertical direction. The inclination angle is set to 30 to 60 degrees. The width of the protrusion 6 accounts for 15%-25% of the width of the connecting portion 5, and the height accounts for 20%-40% of the height of the brick body, so as to ensure that it has sufficient shear resistance and provide additional reinforcement when the brick body is subjected to force. Multiple protrusions 6 are distributed along the length direction of the brick body and maintain a spacing of 50mm-100mm to ensure that the shear stress can be evenly transmitted and avoid local stress concentration. In addition, the end of the protrusion 6 does not contact the inner wall of the shear-resistant hollow brick, that is, the two ends maintain a gap of 5mm-15mm from the inner wall of the brick body. This design forms a shear buffer area, which enables the brick body to gradually disperse stress when subjected to shear force, reduces local cracking caused by stress concentration, and improves the durability of the brick body. At the same time, the inclined protrusion 6 can change the transmission path of the shear force, decompose the shear force along the inclined direction, reduce the direct slip between bricks, improve the mechanical bite force of bricks, and enhance the shear strength of the wall. In addition, the design of the inclined direction optimizes the mortar filling effect, allowing the mortar to penetrate along the inclined direction, improve the bonding force between bricks and mortar, and enhance the overall stability of the wall.

[0029] Compared with Example 2, this embodiment further improves the stability of the brick under shear force and the seismic performance through the buffering and reinforcement effect of the vertically inclined strip protrusion 6, making it more suitable for building structures in high shear and high vibration environments, such as high-rise building filling walls, seismic-resistant buildings and heavy-loaded industrial plants.

[0030] Example 4 The present invention provides a construction method for hollow bricks. During the construction process, the shear-resistant hollow bricks are arranged and laid along the direction of the first V-shaped edge 3 and the second V-shaped edge 4, so that the first V-shaped edge 3 (concave) of adjacent bricks and the second V-shaped edge 4 (convex) are interlocked and embedded to form a mechanical interlocking structure, thereby improving the shear resistance of the wall. During the laying process, the bricks are spliced ​​according to the plum blossom staggered laying method (the adjacent layers of bricks are staggered by 1 / 2 brick length) to ensure uniform force and reduce shear slip. After each layer of bricks is laid, mortar is filled around the V-shaped groove and the strip protrusion 6 so that the mortar fully wraps the connecting part 5 and the embedded part of the bricks to improve the bonding force and overall stability between the bricks. During the laying process, every 3-5 layers of bricks are laid, a level is used to check the verticality and horizontality of the wall, and the error is appropriately adjusted to ensure the stability and shear resistance of the wall.

[0031] In addition, traditional hollow bricks usually have two vertically penetrating holes, which are separated by hole walls, mainly used to reduce the weight of the brick body, reduce material costs, and enhance the compressive resistance of the brick body to a certain extent. During the masonry process, traditional hollow bricks are usually laid along the long side direction so that the holes are arranged in the vertical direction. The plum blossom staggered masonry method is adopted during masonry to improve the stability of the wall. However, when subjected to horizontal shear force, the shear strength of traditional hollow bricks mainly depends on the bonding force of the mortar layer, and the hole wall cannot effectively resist the shear force because it is perpendicular to the wall surface. It is easy to crack or slip after being subjected to force, affecting the overall shear resistance of the wall. In contrast, the connecting portion 5 of the present invention is parallel to the wall surface, which not only plays a supporting role, but also forms a more stable force transmission path under the action of shear force, effectively disperses stress, and improves the shear strength of bricks. In addition, the connecting portion 5 of the present invention adopts an optimized design with wide ends and a narrow middle portion, which reduces stress concentration and improves the overall stiffness of the brick body, making it perform better under dynamic loads such as earthquakes, thereby improving the seismic resistance and durability of the wall, and thus being more suitable for building structures with high shear resistance and high stability requirements.

[0032] In summary, the present invention provides a shear-resistant hollow brick, which improves the shear resistance of the brick and the overall stability of the wall through the optimized design of the V-shaped edge interlocking structure, the internal connection part 5 and the strip protrusion 6. The first V-shaped edge 3 and the second V-shaped edge 4 are symmetrical about the vertex line to form a mechanical bite effect, which effectively prevents the brick from sliding under the action of shear force and improves the seismic performance. The internal connection part 5 enhances the rigidity of the brick body, and optimizes the force distribution through the design of wide ends and narrow middle, reducing the risk of stress concentration and crack propagation. The strip protrusion 6 is along the vertical direction, which enhances the shear stress transfer path, improves the mortar bonding force, and further enhances the shear and seismic resistance of the wall. During construction, the plum blossom staggered masonry method is adopted to ensure that the bricks are evenly stressed, and mortar is filled around the V-shaped groove and the protrusion to improve the overall stability of the wall. The present invention is suitable for high-rise filling walls, seismic-resistant buildings and industrial plants, and can effectively improve the seismic resistance and service life of the building structure.

[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A shear-resistant hollow brick, characterized in that: It includes a first parallel edge, a second V-shaped edge, a second parallel edge and a first V-shaped edge connected in sequence, the first V-shaped edge and the second V-shaped edge are respectively located on two opposite sides of the shear-resistant hollow brick, the first V-shaped edge is a concave structure, the second V-shaped edge is a convex structure, and the first parallel edge and the second parallel edge are located on the other opposite sides of the shear-resistant hollow brick.

2. The shear-resistant hollow brick according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first V-shaped side and the second V-shaped side are symmetrical about a line connecting vertices of the first V-shaped side and the second V-shaped side.

3. The shear-resistant hollow brick according to claim 2, characterized in that: The included angle between the first V-shaped side and the second V-shaped side is between 30 degrees and 120 degrees.

4. The shear resistant hollow brick according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a connecting portion, which is arranged inside the shear-resistant hollow brick and connects the middle parts of the first V-shaped edge and the second V-shaped edge.

5. The shear-resistant hollow brick according to claim 4, characterized in that: The two ends of the connection part are wide, and the middle part of the connection part is narrow.

6. The shear resistant hollow brick according to claim 4, characterized in that: The height of the connecting portion is smaller than the height of the shear-resistant hollow brick, and the connecting portion is arranged at the waist of the shear-resistant hollow brick.

7. The shear resistant hollow brick according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a protrusion, which is fixed on the connecting part.

8. The shear-resistant hollow brick according to claim 7, characterized in that: The protrusion is in a strip shape.

9. The shear-resistant hollow brick according to claim 8, characterized in that: The end of the protrusion does not contact the inner wall of the shear-resistant hollow brick.

10. A construction method for shear-resistant hollow bricks, applicable to the shear-resistant hollow bricks according to claim 1, characterized in that: During construction, the shear-resistant hollow bricks are arranged and laid along the first V-shaped edge and the second V-shaped edge.

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