Analog simulation test device and simulation test method for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin vein

Abstract

The invention relates to a steeply inclined thin vein deep hole blasting similar simulation test device and a simulation test method.The similar model test device comprises an outer frame, a pressurizing device, bearing plates, monitoring and collecting equipment and an ore body laying auxiliary device, and the bearing plates are arranged on the upper portion, the left side and the right side of the interior of the outer frame; the pressure device drives the pressure bearing plate to move, the front side and the rear side of the outer frame are each provided with a plurality of detachable baffles, the monitoring and collecting device is used for recording data in the similar model test process, and the ore body laying auxiliary device is used for laying a steeply-inclined thin vein ore body and comprises two forming plates hinged to each other. An angle adjusting mechanism is arranged between the two forming plates and used for controlling the angle between the two forming plates. According to the method, the steeply inclined ore body model can be rapidly and accurately prepared, the blasting process of the steeply inclined thin vein can be effectively simulated, a scientific means is provided for underground hard rock blasting research, and the method has important practical application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an underground hard rock blasting similar model test technology, in particular to a steeply inclined thin ore vein deep hole blasting similar simulation test device and simulation test method. Background Art

[0002] Some rare and precious metal resources, such as tungsten, tin, and gold, are often found in steeply inclined thin ore veins. In order to mine such mineral resources safely and efficiently, medium-deep hole blasting technology is often used to crush and recover the resources. However, due to the narrow ore veins and the large blasting clamping effect, the blast wave has a strong disturbance effect on the surrounding rock of the mining area. Therefore, the blasting disturbance and surrounding rock damage of steeply inclined thin ore veins are the key concerns and long-term research problems in this field.

[0003] Among them, similar model test is an effective way and reliable means to accurately solve geotechnical engineering problems. However, in similar model test, steeply inclined rock strata are difficult to lay and blastholes are difficult to reserve, the dimensional accuracy is low, and the blasting similarity simulation is difficult. In actual operation, the model making and test process often require a lot of economic investment and time consumption, and the test cost is high. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a similar simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins that can be quickly laid and a similar model simulation test method for deep hole blasting that can accurately simulate. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a similar simulation test device and simulation test method for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins, so as to solve the problems of difficult laying of steeply inclined rock strata and reservation of blastholes, low dimensional accuracy and high difficulty of blasting similar simulation in existing similar model tests.

[0005] The present invention is implemented as follows: a similar simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin mineral veins, including an outer frame, a pressure device, a pressure plate, a monitoring and collection device, and an ore body laying auxiliary device. The outer frame is a rectangular structure, and pressure plates are arranged on the upper part and on the left and right sides of the inner part of the outer frame. The pressure plates are driven to move by the pressure device, and a plurality of detachable baffles are arranged on the front and rear sides of the outer frame respectively. The monitoring and collection device is used to record data of the similar model test process. The ore body laying auxiliary device is used for laying ore bodies of steeply inclined thin mineral veins. The ore body laying auxiliary device includes two mutually hinged forming plates, the forming plates are in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, the length of the forming plates is consistent with the thickness of the outer frame, and an angle adjustment mechanism is arranged between the two forming plates to control the angle between the two forming plates.

[0006] Furthermore, it also includes a blasthole reservation auxiliary device, which includes an arc-shaped positioning plate, a blasthole mold, a connecting strip and a limit plate. The arc-shaped positioning plate is a semicircular structure, and a plurality of positioning grooves are opened along the edge of the arc-shaped positioning plate. The connecting strip is connected to the arc-shaped positioning plate, and the lower end of the blasthole mold is rotatably connected to the connecting strip through a connecting piece, and the connecting piece is located at the center of the arc-shaped positioning plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the monitoring and acquisition equipment includes a static strain tester, a dynamic signal acquisition analyzer, a dynamic acquisition strain brick, a static acquisition strain brick, an earth pressure box, an acceleration sensor and a DIC device, and the DIC device includes a high-definition camera, a camera bracket and a fill light.

[0008] Furthermore, the pressurizing device includes a plurality of hydraulic jacks, each of which is connected to a hydraulic pump, on which a pressure gauge displaying the pressure is provided, and at least two hydraulic jacks are provided above and on both sides of the inner part of the outer frame, respectively, and the pressure plate is connected to the end of the hydraulic jack.

[0009] Furthermore, the angle adjustment mechanism comprises a fixing strip, and a plurality of fixing columns are arranged at the end edges of the forming plates, and the two ends of the fixing strip are respectively connected to a fixing column on the two forming plates.

[0010] A similarity simulation test method for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins is implemented based on a similarity simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins, and comprises the following steps.

[0011] a. Prepare two mortars with different mechanical properties as required, one for simulating the ore body and the other for simulating the surrounding rock.

[0012] b. Lay mortar layer by layer from bottom to top between the left and right pressure plates to obtain a similar model; before laying a layer of mortar, install removable baffles of corresponding heights on the front and rear sides of the outer frame respectively, and lay each layer in the order of first laying the lower surrounding rock, then laying the ore body, and finally laying the upper surrounding rock, and use the ore body laying auxiliary device to control the inclination angle of the ore body; when the mortar is laid to the pre-mining area, reserve and bury the blastholes according to the mine blasting parameter design.

[0013] c. During the laying process of similar models, acceleration sensors, earth pressure boxes, dynamic collection and static collection strain bricks are embedded in designated locations according to the pre-designed measurement point layout plan.

[0014] d. After the similar model is laid, it is cured. After the similar model is cured, appropriate confining pressure is applied to the similar model through a pressure device to simulate ground stress.

[0015] e. Prepare speckle patterns on similar model surfaces.

[0016] f. Connect the soil pressure box and static collection strain brick to the static strain tester, connect the acceleration sensor and dynamic collection strain brick to the dynamic signal acquisition analyzer to record the stress, deformation and vibration acceleration data during the similar model test, and set the DIC device on the side of the similar model with the speckle pattern to record the surface deformation field during the similar model test.

[0017] g. The self-similar model has a speckle image side that is blasted from the outside to the inside in sections, and the blasting source is filled into the blasthole and detonated. The blasting excavation process is simulated, and all monitoring and collection equipment are turned on to record data after each blast.

[0018] h. Analyze the recorded stress, strain, vibration acceleration and surface deformation fields to evaluate the mechanical properties of the steeply inclined roof under blasting vibration and study the effects of different blasting disturbances on the stability of underground stopes.

[0019] Furthermore, when laying the lower plate surrounding rock, after adjusting the angle between the two forming plates on the ore body laying auxiliary device according to the actual occurrence form of the ore body, the ore body laying auxiliary device is installed at the boundary between the lower plate surrounding rock and the ore body, and the lower plate surrounding rock is laid in the reserved space; after the lower plate surrounding rock is laid, the ore body laying auxiliary device is moved until the ore body laying space is reserved, and the angle between the two forming plates on the ore body laying auxiliary device is adjusted again according to the actual occurrence form of the ore body, and the ore body is laid in the space reserved between the lower plate surrounding rock and the ore body laying auxiliary device; after the ore body is laid, the ore body laying auxiliary device is taken out, and the upper plate surrounding rock is laid in the remaining space of the layer.

[0020] Furthermore, when laying to the pre-mining area, a rock drilling tunnel is excavated under the ore body in the pre-mining area, a blasthole reservation auxiliary device is placed in the reserved ore body laying space, the angle of the blasthole mold is adjusted, and then the ore body is laid; when laying the next layer, the blasthole mold is first removed, the blasthole mold and the rest of the blasthole reservation auxiliary device are separated, the blasthole mold is pulled out upward along its own axial direction, and the rest of the blasthole reservation auxiliary device is taken out through the bottom rock drilling tunnel. After completing the laying of the lower plate surrounding rock, the blasthole mold is reinstalled, the ore body and the upper plate surrounding rock are laid, and then the blasthole reservation auxiliary device is removed to form a blasthole.

[0021] Furthermore, a blasthole pre-reserved auxiliary device with an outer wall coated with a release agent is pre-buried layer by layer inside the ore body along the ore body strike, and the burying direction of the blasthole pre-reserved auxiliary device is perpendicular to the ore body strike.

[0022] The present invention utilizes the ore body laying auxiliary device to quickly lay similar models of steeply inclined thin ore vein deep hole blasting and can effectively ensure the dimensional accuracy of the laying, reduce the economic investment and time consumption in the model production and testing process, reduce the test cost and difficulty, and can ensure the accuracy of the experiment.

[0023] The present invention can quickly and accurately prepare a steeply inclined ore body model and effectively simulate the blasting process of a steeply inclined thin ore vein, providing a scientific means for underground hard rock blasting research and having important practical application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a similar simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a front view of the outer frame of a similar simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a front view of the outer frame of the similar simulation test device for steeply inclined thin ore vein deep hole blasting of the present invention with the side baffles removed.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of an ore body auxiliary laying device in a similar simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a blasthole reservation auxiliary device in a similar simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of laying the lower wall surrounding rock in a similar simulation experiment of deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of laying the ore body in a similar simulation experiment of deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of laying the first layer of ore body in the pre-mining area in a similar simulation experiment of deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins in the present invention.

[0032] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of laying the second layer of the surrounding rock of the footwall in the pre-mining area in a similar simulation experiment of deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins in the present invention.

[0033] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of laying the second layer of ore body in the pre-mining area in a similar simulation experiment of deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins in the present invention.

[0034] Fig.11It is a schematic diagram of a similar model laid above a pre-mining area in a similar simulation experiment of deep hole blasting of a steeply inclined thin ore vein of the present invention.

[0035] In the figure: 1. outer frame; 2. pressure plate; 3. pressurizing device; 4. similar model; 5. auxiliary device for ore body laying; 6. auxiliary device for blast hole reservation; 7. static strain tester; 8. dynamic signal acquisition and analysis instrument; 9. high-definition camera; 10. camera bracket; 11. fill light; 12. removable baffle; 13. rock drilling tunnel; 3-1. hydraulic jack; 4-1. lower plate surrounding rock; 4-2. ore body; 4-3. upper plate surrounding rock; 5-1. forming plate; 5-2. hinge; 5-3. fixing bar; 5-4. fixing column; 6-1. arc positioning plate; 6-2. limit plate; 6-3. connecting bar; 6-4. connecting piece; 6-5. blast hole mold; 6-6. positioning groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] Embodiment 1 like Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment is a similar simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins, and its structure mainly includes an outer frame 1, a pressurizing device 3, a pressure plate 2, a monitoring and collection equipment, an ore body laying auxiliary device 5 and a blasthole reservation auxiliary device 6.

[0039] Among them, the outer frame 1 is a rectangular structure, which is the main structure of the similar model 4 test device. The four side plates of the outer frame 1 have a certain length in the front-to-back direction. Pressure plates 2 are arranged on the upper part and on the left and right sides of the inner part of the outer frame 1. The length of the pressure plates 2 in the front-to-back direction is consistent with the length of the outer frame 1 in the front-to-back direction. The three pressure plates 2 and the side plates at the lower part of the outer frame 1 form a rectangular similar model 4 laying area, and the three pressure plates 2 are driven by the pressure device 3 to move in a direction perpendicular to their own surfaces.

[0040] Generally, the space of the paving area of ​​similar model 4 is 1.1 m (length) × 1.0 m (height) × 0.4 m (thickness).

[0041] During the laying stage of the similar model 4 , the pressure plate 2 is used to limit the size and dimension of the similar model 4 . During the blasting simulation stage, the pressure plate 2 is used to apply the required pressure to the similar model 4 .

[0042] At the same time, a plurality of detachable baffles 12 are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the outer frame 1, and the left and right sides of the detachable baffles 12 are detachably connected to the side panels on the left and right sides of the outer frame 1 by bolts. The height of each detachable baffle 12 is the same and equal to the height of each layer when the similar model 4 is laid in layers. When the similar model 4 is laid, the detachable baffles 12 on the front and rear sides limit the thickness of the similar model 4 in the front and rear direction.

[0043] Specifically, the height of the detachable baffles is 10 cm.

[0044] Since the ore body 4-2 of the steeply inclined thin ore vein has a large inclination angle, it is difficult to lay the ore body 4-2 part in the similar model 4, and it is difficult to accurately control the position and size of the ore body 4-2. The present invention adopts an ore body laying auxiliary device 5 to assist in the laying of the similar model 4. The ore body laying auxiliary device 5 includes two mutually hinged forming plates 5-1, the forming plates 5-1 are in the shape of a cuboid, the length of the forming plates 5-1 is consistent with the thickness of the outer frame 1 in the front and rear directions, and an angle adjustment mechanism is provided between the two forming plates 5-1, and the angle adjustment mechanism can adjust and control the angle between the two forming plates 5-1.

[0045] When laying the similar model 4, one molding plate 5-1 of the ore body laying auxiliary device 5 is horizontally placed on the side plate at the bottom of the outer frame 1 or on the upper surface of the lower layer model that has been laid, and the angle of the other molding plate 5-1 is adjusted to make it consistent with the inclination angle of the interface between the actual ore body 4-2 and the lower plate surrounding rock 4-1 or the upper plate surrounding rock 4-3. The width of the molding plate 5-1 is greater than the height of the removable baffle 12, so that the upper side of the inclined molding plate 5-1 is always higher than the upper side of the removable baffle 12 of the same layer within a certain inclination angle range. The use of the ore body laying auxiliary device 5 can effectively ensure the accuracy of the angle and size of the ore body 4-2, and can increase the laying speed and reduce the difficulty of laying.

[0046] The two forming plates 5-1 are connected to each other by a hinge 5-2. The two forming plates 5-1 rotate around the hinge axis of the hinge 5-2 to adjust the angle between the two forming plates 5-1. After the angle is adjusted, an angle adjustment mechanism is required to fix the forming plates 5-1 at a specific angle to avoid changes in the angle during laying.

[0047] The angle adjustment mechanism can have various forms, as long as it can achieve the adjustment of the angle between the two forming plates 5-1. In this embodiment, an implementation method of the angle adjustment mechanism is provided, and its structure includes a fixing bar 5-3 and a fixing column 5-4. A plurality of fixing columns 5-4 are respectively arranged on the end faces of the two forming plates 5-1, one end of the fixing bar 5-3 is sleeved on a fixing column 5-4 on the end face of the horizontal forming plate 5-1, and the other end is sleeved on a fixing column 5-4 on the end face of the inclined forming plate 5-1. The two ends of the fixing bar 5-3 are connected with different fixing columns 5-4 to limit the two forming plates 5-1 to have different angles. The position of the fixing column 5-4 can be determined in advance according to the needs, and the combination of different fixing columns 5-4 on the two forming plates 5-1 and the fixing bar 5-3 with a determined length can obtain the required different angles of the forming plates 5-1. It is also possible to prepare fixing bars 5-3 of different lengths according to the needs to obtain different angles of the forming plates 5-1.

[0048] In the pre-mining area, blastholes need to be reserved. In order to ensure the accuracy of the blasthole positions and angles, the present invention uses a blasthole reservation auxiliary device 6 to reserve blastholes in the similar model 4.

[0049] The blast hole reservation auxiliary device 6 includes an arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1, a blast hole mold 6-5, a connecting strip 6-3 and a limiting plate 6-2. The arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1 is a semicircular structure. A plurality of positioning grooves 6-6 are provided along the edge of one side of the arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1. The connecting strip 6-3 is connected to the arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1. The lower end of the blast hole mold 6-5 is rotatably connected to the connecting strip 6-3 through a connecting member 6-4. The connecting member 6-4 is located at the center of the arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1.

[0050] The blast hole mold 6-5 is a cylindrical structure, and its diameter and length are determined according to needs. A through hole with an axis is provided at its lower end, and the through hole is used to pass through the connecting piece 6-4.

[0051] The connecting piece 6-4 is generally a bolt with a nut screwed on the bolt. After loosening the nut, the blast hole mold 6-5 can swing around the bolt, thereby adjusting the angle of the blast hole mold 6-5. The blast hole mold 6-5 is placed in the corresponding positioning groove 6-6, and the nut is tightened to fix the blast hole mold 6-5 in the corresponding positioning groove 6-6, thereby fixing the angle of the blast hole mold 6-5. When laying a similar model 4, the change of the angle of the blast hole mold 6-5 can be avoided, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the angle of the blast hole mold 6-5.

[0052] The positioning groove 6-6 is an arc-shaped structure, and the positioning groove 6-6 can be evenly distributed along the arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1, and the angle between the line connecting two adjacent positioning grooves 6-6 and the center of the arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1 is 10°. A scale is provided on the arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1, and the angle corresponding to the positioning groove 6-6 can be quickly read through the scale.

[0053] The positioning grooves 6-6 may also be provided as required, so that the angle between the line connecting a plurality of positioning grooves 6-6 on the arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1 and the center of the arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1 and the horizontal plane is a desired angle.

[0054] At the same time, by adopting the connection mode of bolts and nuts, the nuts can be unscrewed from the bolts, thereby facilitating the separation of the blast hole mold 6-5 and the connecting strip 6-3, so that the blast hole mold 6-5 can be easily removed.

[0055] The two ends of the connecting strip 6-3 are connected to the two ends of the semicircular arc positioning plate 6-1, and the center of the connecting strip 6-3 is the center of the arc positioning plate 6-1. There are two limit plates 6-2, one of which is fixedly connected to the center of the connecting strip 6-3. The lower end of the blast hole mold 6-5 is arranged between the two limit plates 6-2. The connecting member 6-4 passes through the two limit plates 6-2 and the lower end of the blast hole mold 6-5 at the same time. When the nut of the connecting member 6-4 is tightened, the blast hole mold 6-5 can be fixed. When the nut of the connecting member 6-4 is loosened, the blast hole mold 6-5 can be rotated around the bolt. After removing the nut and the outer limit plate 6-2, the blast hole mold 6-5 can be separated from the arc positioning plate 6-1. The limit plate 6-2 can prevent the friction and wear of the nut on the blast hole mold 6-5 caused by the rotation of the nut.

[0056] The monitoring and acquisition equipment includes a static strain tester 7, a dynamic signal acquisition and analysis instrument 8, a dynamic acquisition strain brick, a static acquisition strain brick, an earth pressure box, an acceleration sensor and a DIC device, wherein the DIC device includes a high-definition camera 9, a camera bracket 10 and a fill light 11. The acceleration sensor is used to monitor the blasting disturbances at different positions of the similar model 4, the earth pressure box is used to monitor the stress evolution law of the similar model 4 during the mining process, and the strain brick is used to monitor the acquisition of deformation characteristic signals of the rock mass and the roof around the mining area during the mining area excavation process in the similar model 4.

[0057] Among them, the static strain tester 7 is specifically a JM3813 static strain tester 7, the dynamic signal acquisition and analysis instrument 8 is specifically a YSV8016 dynamic signal acquisition and analysis instrument 8, the soil pressure box is specifically a BW soil pressure box, and the acceleration sensor is specifically an ICP acceleration sensor.

[0058] The DIC device is used to monitor the displacement deformation of the surface of the similar model 4, and a speckle pattern is prepared on the surface of the similar model 4. During the experiment of the similar model 4, the surface of the similar model 4 is supplemented with light by a fill light 11, so that the high-definition camera 9 can record a clear surface image of the similar model 4. The surface deformation field of the similar model 4 can be obtained according to the change of the speckle pattern.

[0059] The pressurizing device 3 includes a plurality of hydraulic jacks 3-1, each of which is connected to a hydraulic pump, and a pressure gauge for displaying the pressure is provided on the hydraulic pump. The hydraulic jack 3-1 is a high-precision hydraulic jack 3-1, and the hydraulic pump can be a hand-cranked hydraulic pump. At least two hydraulic jacks 3-1 are provided on the upper part and on the left and right sides of the outer frame 1, and the pressure plate 2 is connected to the ends of the hydraulic jacks 3-1.

[0060] During the experiment of the similar model 4, the pressure applied to the pressure plate 2 by the hydraulic jack 3-1 is controlled by a hand-cranked hydraulic pump, thereby controlling the pressure applied by the pressure plate 2 to the similar model 4. The pressure applied to the similar model 4 is determined according to the experimental needs.

[0061] Embodiment 2 like Figure 6-Figure 11 As shown, this embodiment is a similar simulation experimental method for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins, which is implemented based on the similar simulation experimental device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins in Example 1, and specifically includes the following steps.

[0062] a. Prepare two mortars with different mechanical properties as required, one for simulating the ore body 4-2 and the other for simulating the surrounding rock.

[0063] The ratio of the mortar is determined according to needs. In this embodiment, one of the ratios is given, wherein the mortar ratio used to simulate the ore body 4-2 is a water-to-solid ratio of 1:7, and the mass ratio of quartz sand: lime: gypsum is 14:0.5:0.5. The mortar ratio used to simulate the surrounding rock is a water-to-solid ratio of 1:9, and the mass ratio of quartz sand: lime: gypsum is 9:0.6:0.4.

[0064] b. Mortar is laid layer by layer from bottom to top between the left and right pressure plates 2 to obtain a similar model 4. During the laying process, a flat-bottomed object with a certain weight is used to knock and vibrate the mortar so that each area of ​​the similar model 4 is dense and the porosity is basically the same. Before laying a layer of mortar, detachable baffles 12 of corresponding heights are installed on the front and rear sides of the outer frame 1. For each layer, the lower surrounding rock 4-1 is laid first, then the ore body 4-2, and finally the upper surrounding rock 4-3 is laid. The ore body laying auxiliary device 5 is used to control the inclination angle of the ore body 4-2.

[0065] At the same time, when the mortar material is laid in the pre-mining area, blastholes are reserved and buried according to the mine blasting parameter design.

[0066] c. During the laying process of the similar model 4, acceleration sensors, earth pressure boxes, dynamic collection and static collection strain bricks are embedded in the designated locations according to the pre-designed measurement point arrangement plan.

[0067] d. After the similar model 4 is laid, it is cured under natural conditions for 21 days. After the curing of the similar model 4 is completed, the uneven surface of the similar model 4 is gently polished with sandpaper, and then a high-precision hydraulic jack 3-1 and a hand-cranked hydraulic pump are used to apply appropriate confining pressure to the model to simulate ground stress.

[0068] e. Prepare the speckle pattern on the surface of similar model 4. First, select the side of similar model 4 with better light and apply white plaster water on the surface of similar model 4. After air drying, use a cotton swab dipped in matte black paint to prepare speckle black spots, and make the black spots evenly distributed on the surface of similar model 4. After completion, use smaller black spots to appropriately encrypt around the vein to improve the accuracy of DIC monitoring deformation field.

[0069] f. Connect the soil pressure box and static collection strain brick to the static strain tester 7, and connect the acceleration sensor and dynamic collection strain brick to the dynamic signal acquisition analyzer 8 to record the stress, deformation and vibration acceleration data during the test of the similar model 4; set up a DIC device on the side of the similar model 4 with a speckle pattern to record the surface deformation field during the test of the similar model 4. The dynamic and static collection instruments are connected to the intelligent computer to monitor and record stress, deformation and vibration acceleration data. Set up the monitoring and collection equipment and debug it.

[0070] g. After the debugging of the monitoring and acquisition equipment is completed, the side of the self-similar model 4 with the speckle image is blasted from the outside to the inside in sections, and the blasting source is filled and the blasting simulation of the similar model 4 is performed. The blasting source is filled into the blasthole and detonated, and all monitoring and acquisition equipment are turned on to record data every time a blast is performed during the simulated blasting excavation process.

[0071] h. Analyze the recorded stress, strain, vibration acceleration and surface deformation fields to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of steeply inclined mine rooms under blasting vibration and study the effects of different blasting disturbances on the stability of underground mines.

[0072] Specifically, in step d, when laying each layer of the similar model 4, the lower wall surrounding rock 4-1 is laid first, then the ore body 4-2 is laid, and finally the upper wall surrounding rock 4-3 is laid. Figure 6-Figure 11 As shown, this embodiment takes the ore body 4-2 tilted to the right as an example, and each layer of similar design is to first lay the lower wall surrounding rock 4-1 on the right side, then lay the inclined ore body 4-2 in the middle, and finally lay the upper wall surrounding rock 4-3 on the left side. When laying the lower wall surrounding rock 4-1, the angle between the two forming plates 5-1 on the ore body laying auxiliary device 5 is adjusted according to the actual occurrence form of the ore body 4-2, so that the angle of the inclined forming plate 5-1 is consistent with the inclination angle of the interface between the actual ore body 4-2 and the lower wall surrounding rock 4-1 at the corresponding position, and the ore body laying auxiliary device 5 is installed at the boundary between the lower wall surrounding rock 4-1 and the ore body 4-2. Place the horizontal forming plate 5-1 on the top surface of the lower side plate of the outer frame 1 or the top surface of the lower similar model 4, adjust the position of the ore body laying auxiliary device 5, so that the position of the outer side surface of the inclined forming plate 5-1 coincides with the position of the interface between the ore body 4-2 and the lower wall surrounding rock 4-1, and lay the lower wall surrounding rock 4-1 using the mortar material simulating the surrounding rock in the space on the right side of the ore body laying auxiliary device 5. After the lower wall surrounding rock 4-1 is laid, move the ore body laying auxiliary device 5 to the left until the laying space of the ore body 4-2 is reserved, and adjust the angle between the two forming plates 5-1 on the ore body laying auxiliary device 5 again according to the actual occurrence form of the ore body 4-2, so that the inclination angle of the inclined forming plate 5-1 is consistent with the inclination angle of the interface between the actual ore body 4-2 and the upper wall surrounding rock 4-3 at the corresponding position, and lay the ore body 4-2 using the mortar material simulating the ore body 4-2 in the reserved space between the lower wall surrounding rock 4-1 and the ore body laying auxiliary device 5. After the ore body 4-2 is laid, the ore body laying auxiliary device 5 is taken out, and the upper plate surrounding rock 4-3 is laid in the remaining space of the layer using mortar material simulating the surrounding rock.

[0073] Among them, when laying to the pre-mining area, if Figure 8As shown, a rock drilling tunnel 13 is excavated at the lower part of the ore body 4-2 in the pre-mining area. After the lower wall surrounding rock 4-1 is laid using the ore body laying auxiliary device 5 in this layer of similar model 4, a blasthole reservation auxiliary device 6 is placed in the reserved ore body 4-2 laying space. The arc-shaped positioning plate 6-1 and the connecting strip 6-3 of the blasthole reservation auxiliary device 6 are placed in the rock drilling tunnel 13. The blasthole mold 6-5 extends upward, and the angle of the blasthole mold 6-5 is adjusted according to the mine blasting parameter design. Then, the space for laying the ore body 4-2 is reserved by the ore body laying auxiliary device 5, and the ore body 4-2 is laid. After the ore body 4-2 is laid, the upper wall surrounding rock 4-3 is laid. Fig. 9 As shown, when laying the next layer, first remove the blasthole mold 6-5, separate the blasthole mold 6-5 from the other parts of the blasthole pre-reserved auxiliary device 6, pull out the blasthole mold 6-5 from the top, and pull out the rest of the blasthole pre-reserved auxiliary device 6 through the bottom rock drilling tunnel 13; Fig.10 As shown, after the laying of the lower wall surrounding rock 4-1 is completed, the blasthole mold 6-5 is reinstalled to lay the ore body 4-2 and the upper wall surrounding rock 4-3, as shown in FIG. Fig.11 As shown, after the pre-mining area is laid, the blasthole pre-reservation auxiliary device 6 is removed to form a blasthole. The similar model 4 above the pre-mining area continues to be laid according to the above steps until the laying of the entire similar device is completed.

[0074] In order to facilitate the removal of the blasthole reservation auxiliary device 6, a release agent is coated on the outer wall of the blasthole reservation auxiliary device 6, and the release agent can be specifically vaseline. The blasthole reservation auxiliary device 6 with the outer wall coated with the release agent is embedded layer by layer inside the ore body 4-2 along the direction of the ore body 4-2. The burying direction of the blasthole reservation auxiliary device 6 is perpendicular to the direction of the ore body 4-2.

[0075] By utilizing the ore body laying auxiliary device 5 and the blasthole reservation auxiliary device 6 to work together, the laying of the similar model 4 and the reservation of blastholes can be quickly completed, the accuracy of the inclination angle of the ore body 4-2 can be effectively guaranteed, the accuracy of the blasting similarity simulation can be improved, the economic investment and time consumption can be reduced, and the test cost can be reduced.

[0076] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A similar simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins, characterized in that: It includes an outer frame, a pressurizing device, a pressure plate, a monitoring and collecting device, and an ore laying auxiliary device. The outer frame is a rectangular structure. Pressure plates are arranged on the upper part, left and right sides of the inner part of the outer frame. The pressure plates are driven to move by the pressurizing device. A number of detachable baffles are arranged on the front and rear sides of the outer frame respectively. The monitoring and collecting device is used to record data of similar model test processes. The ore laying auxiliary device is used for laying steeply inclined thin vein ore bodies. The ore laying auxiliary device includes two mutually hinged forming plates. The forming plates are in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. The length of the forming plates is consistent with the thickness of the outer frame. An angle adjustment mechanism is arranged between the two forming plates to control the angle between the two forming plates.

2. The similarity simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a blasthole reservation auxiliary device, which includes an arc-shaped positioning plate, a blasthole mold, a connecting strip and a limit plate. The arc-shaped positioning plate is a semicircular structure, and a plurality of positioning grooves are opened along the edge of the arc-shaped positioning plate. The connecting strip is connected to the arc-shaped positioning plate, and the lower end of the blasthole mold is rotatably connected to the connecting strip through a connecting piece, and the connecting piece is located at the center of the arc-shaped positioning plate.

3. The similarity simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring and acquisition equipment includes a static strain tester, a dynamic signal acquisition analyzer, a dynamic acquisition strain brick, a static acquisition strain brick, an earth pressure box, an acceleration sensor and a DIC device. The DIC device includes a high-definition camera, a camera bracket and a fill light.

4. The similarity simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pressurizing device includes a plurality of hydraulic jacks, each of which is connected to a hydraulic pump, on which a pressure gauge for displaying the pressure is arranged. At least two hydraulic jacks are arranged above and on both sides of the outer frame, respectively, and the pressure plate is connected to the ends of the hydraulic jacks.

5. The similarity simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The angle adjustment mechanism comprises a fixing strip, and a plurality of fixing columns are arranged at the end edges of the forming plate, and the two ends of the fixing strip are respectively connected to a fixing column on the two forming plates.

6. A similar simulation experimental method for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins, characterized in that: The similarity simulation test device for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented, characterized in that it includes the following steps: a. Prepare two mortar materials with different mechanical properties as needed, one for simulating the ore body and the other for simulating the surrounding rock; b. Mortar is laid layer by layer from bottom to top between the left and right pressure plates to obtain a similar model; before laying a layer of mortar, removable baffles of corresponding heights are installed on the front and rear sides of the outer frame respectively, and each layer is laid in the order of first laying the lower surrounding rock, then laying the ore body, and finally laying the upper surrounding rock, and the inclination angle of the ore body is controlled by the auxiliary device for laying the ore body; when the mortar is laid to the pre-mining area, the blastholes are reserved and buried according to the mine blasting parameter design; c. During the laying of similar models, acceleration sensors, earth pressure cells, dynamic and static strain bricks are embedded in designated locations according to the pre-designed measurement point layout plan; d. After the similar model is laid, it is cured. After the similar model is cured, appropriate confining pressure is applied to the similar model through a pressure device to simulate ground stress; e. Prepare speckle patterns on the surface of similar models; f. Connect the soil pressure box and the static strain brick to the static strain tester, connect the acceleration sensor and the dynamic strain brick to the dynamic signal acquisition analyzer to record the stress, deformation and vibration acceleration data during the similar model test, and set the DIC device on the side of the similar model with the speckle pattern to record the surface deformation field during the similar model test; g. The self-similar model has a speckle image side that is blasted from the outside to the inside in sections, and the blasting source is filled into the blasthole and detonated. Each blasting process simulates the blasting excavation process, and all monitoring and collection equipment are turned on to record data; h. Analyze the recorded stress, strain, vibration acceleration and surface deformation fields to evaluate the mechanical properties of the steeply inclined roof under blasting vibration and study the effects of different blasting disturbances on the stability of underground stopes.

7. The similarity simulation experimental method for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins according to claim 6 is characterized in that: When laying the lower plate surrounding rock, after adjusting the angle between the two forming plates on the ore body laying auxiliary device according to the actual occurrence form of the ore body, install the ore body laying auxiliary device at the boundary between the lower plate surrounding rock and the ore body, and lay the lower plate surrounding rock in the reserved space; after the lower plate surrounding rock is laid, move the ore body laying auxiliary device until the ore body laying space is reserved, adjust the angle between the two forming plates on the ore body laying auxiliary device according to the actual occurrence form of the ore body again, and lay the ore body in the space reserved between the lower plate surrounding rock and the ore body laying auxiliary device; after the ore body is laid, take out the ore body laying auxiliary device, and lay the upper plate surrounding rock in the remaining space of the layer.

8. The similarity simulation experimental method for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins according to claim 7 is characterized in that: When laying to the pre-mining area, a rock drilling tunnel is excavated under the ore body in the pre-mining area, a blasthole reservation auxiliary device is placed in the reserved ore body laying space, the angle of the blasthole mold is adjusted, and then the ore body is laid; when laying the next layer, the blasthole mold is first removed, the blasthole mold and the rest of the blasthole reservation auxiliary device are separated, the blasthole mold is pulled out upward along its own axial direction, and the rest of the blasthole reservation auxiliary device is taken out through the bottom rock drilling tunnel. After completing the laying of the lower plate surrounding rock, the blasthole mold is reinstalled, the ore body and the upper plate surrounding rock are laid, and then the blasthole reservation auxiliary device is removed to form a blasthole.

9. The similarity simulation experimental method for deep hole blasting of steeply inclined thin ore veins according to claim 7 is characterized in that: A blasthole pre-installed auxiliary device with an outer wall coated with a release agent is pre-buried layer by layer inside the ore body along the direction of the ore body. The blasthole pre-installed auxiliary device is buried in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the ore body.

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