Feeding device for feeding infant, method for discharging fluid from infant feeding device, and kit of parts

Abstract

There is provided a feeding device (1) for feeding an infant, the feeding device comprising a first fluid reservoir (4), a second fluid reservoir (8), a nipple (10), and a valve arrangement (24, 25, 28) for selectively providing fluid communication between the fluid reservoirs (4, 8) and the nipple (10), the feeding device comprises a sensor (20) configured to detect use of the feeding device (1), and a controller (22) for controlling the valve arrangement (24, 25, 28) based on use of the feeding device (1) detected by the sensor (20). The invention also provides a method for expelling fluid from an infant feeding device (1), the method comprising: feeding a first fluid to a nipple (10) of the feeding device (1) during a first feeding period; during the first feeding period, the sensor (20) monitors the use of the feeding device (1); and-during a second feeding period, feeding a second fluid to the nipple (10) of the feeding device (1), which second feeding period begins if the sensor (20) has detected a predetermined change in use of the feeding device.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a feeding device (eg a baby bottle) for feeding an infant.

[0002] Nutritional compositions for infants are intended to be as similar to human milk as possible, since human milk is generally considered to be the ideal source of nutrition for infants up to at least 6 months of age. Although infant formulas have become better and better over time, there are still important differences between human milk and infant formulas. Since breast milk is not always available and some parents choose not to use breast milk, there is still a need for further improvements in infant formulas.

[0003] When breastfeeding a baby, the baby will first obtain foremilk, then obtain middle milk after a certain time point, and finally obtain hindmilk. Foremilk is relatively watery (more watery than middle milk or hindmilk), and has a relatively low calorific value. Middle milk is most of the milk produced in feeding. Compared with foremilk or middle milk, hindmilk is more fat-rich and therefore has a higher calorific value. It is found that thirsty but not hungry babies limit their drinking behavior to only foremilk. In that way, the overfeeding of the baby is naturally prevented. Similar to the adult who enjoys dessert after a greasy dinner, the baby may want to eat some additional foremilk and optionally middle milk from the second breast of the mother after eating hindmilk. Unexpectedly, it is found that the sucking (nutritional sucking) behavior of the baby changes during the feeding process. This change seems to correspond to drinking foremilk, middle milk and hindmilk. Nutritive sucking (NS) occurs with about one sucking per second, and as feeding continues, a sudden pause pattern occurs. The first few minutes of NS are stable with few or no pauses (foremilk consumption), and as feeding continues, bursts occur with pauses between bursts (active feeding phase, long slow-paced sucking and swallowing, with occasional pauses, 0.5 to 2 swallows per suck; mid-milk consumption). At the end of the feed, the number of swallows decreases as does the intensity of the suck. During this phase, the hindmilk is consumed. (Shandley S et al. (2021), Abnormal Nutritive Sucking as an Indicator of Neonatal Brain Injury, Front. Pediatr., 8:599633. doi:10.3389 / fped.2020.599633).

[0004] This distinction between foremilk, midmilk and hindmilk is lost when infant formula is used or when breast milk previously collected from the mother and / or a donor is used.

[0005] It is believed that, for example, when using infant formula, the loss of the distinction between foremilk, midmilk and hindmilk contributes to weight gain in later life. Infants who consume higher amounts of formula milk at 3 months of age gain greater weight and length gain than breastfed infants in late infancy. Infants fed with higher amounts of formula milk appear to be at an increased risk of greater weight and overweight. Therefore, higher amounts of formula feeding should be avoided in early infancy to prevent overweight or obesity in late infancy. (See Huang, J., Zhang, Z., Wu, Y. et al. "Early feeding of larger volumes of formula milk is associated with greater body weight or overweight in later infancy [early feeding of larger amounts of formula milk is associated with greater or overweight in late infant weight] " publication, Nutr. J. [Nutrition Journal], 17, 12 (2018)).

[0006] Obesity is now common even among our youngest children: 8.1% of infants and toddlers in the United States had a weight-for-recumbent-length greater than the 95th percentile during 2011-2012. This is particularly concerning because once obesity develops at these early ages, it is likely to persist into adulthood, thereby laying the foundation for the persistence of obesity and related comorbid conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, across generations. Rapid weight gain during the first few months of life is an indicator of early childhood obesity.

[0007] WO 98 / 30455 discloses a method and a bottle for feeding an infant, and provides a method for feeding an infant with non-human milk, which simulates breast milk foremilk and hindmilk feeding. The method comprises the following steps: (a) feeding an infant with a foremilk equivalent having a volume of, for example, 30%-60% of the total meal and a fat percentage of, for example, 2.5%-3.5%, and (b) feeding an infant with a hindmilk equivalent having a volume of, for example, 40%-70% of the total meal and a fat percentage of, for example, 3.7%-5.5%. Moreover, WO'455 proposes a bottle for feeding an infant, the bottle comprising a first compartment and a second compartment and being designed so that the infant can first consume the contents stored in the first compartment and then mix it with the contents stored in the second compartment.

[0008] Infant feeding bottles with two chambers themselves are also known, for example, from US 7225938, US 7150369, US 5611776, WO 95 / 24177, US 5060811 and US 5593052. Such bottles are used for various purposes, for example for transferring the contents of a first chamber to a second chamber, or for the sequential oral administration of different fluids, for example medication followed by milk, water or juice.

[0009] It is an object of the present invention to further improve infant formula compositions and / or the manner of feeding such compositions to infants.

[0010] Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved baby feeding bottle, in particular to provide a feeding bottle which allows improved feeding of the baby, for example by preventing overfeeding.

[0011] According to one aspect of the invention, this is achieved by the features of claim 1 .

[0012] Therefore, the feeding device preferably includes a first fluid reservoir, at least a second fluid reservoir, a teat (which may be replaceable), and a valve structure for selectively providing fluid communication between the fluid reservoir and the teat, wherein the feeding device has a sensor configured to detect use of the feeding device, and a controller for controlling the valve structure based on the use of the feeding device detected by the sensor.

[0013] In this way, improved infant feeding can be achieved. The inventors surprisingly found that the baby's drinking behavior (i.e., the instantaneous use of the feeding device) indicates the baby's needs, in particular the baby's needs for mid-milk and / or hind-milk. Therefore, the present feeding device is configured to monitor the baby's (instantaneous) drinking behavior, the monitoring being implemented by a sensor (i.e., using the sensor detection results). Moreover, the present feeding device comprises at least two reservoirs (e.g., at least three reservoirs), i.e., at least a first reservoir and a second reservoir, the at least two reservoirs being used to separately contain the respective fluids to be discharged (e.g., separately or in a mixed state) via the nipple.

[0014] The skilled person will appreciate that the valve structure is preferably controllable by the controller to set or adjust the fluid flow path between at least one of the reservoirs and the nipple. For example, the valve structure may be controlled (by / via the controller) to allow or block fluid communication between at least one of the reservoirs and the nipple. The valve structure may be controlled to allow or block fluid communication between each of the reservoirs and the nipple. Moreover, the valve structure may be controlled to adjust the fluid communication between at least one of the reservoirs and the nipple, for example to change the amount or flow rate of fluid flowing from that reservoir to the nipple from a first non-zero amount or flow rate to a second non-zero amount or flow rate.

[0015] According to embodiments, the feeding device (e.g., a controller) may be configured to automatically switch between feeding from a first fluid reservoir to feeding from a second fluid reservoir (e.g., switching from a foremilk equivalent composition to a midmilk equivalent composition and / or a hindmilk equivalent composition if such compositions are present in two or more reservoirs) based on detected use of the device.

[0016] Alternatively, the switching may be effected manually by a user / operator, in which case the feeding device may include a signalling device (e.g., an acoustic signalling transmitter and / or an optical signalling transmitter) for signalling the detected use (e.g., sensor detection results or processed sensor detection results) to the user / operator. In that case, preferably, the feeding device includes a user interface (e.g., a user interface of the controller or a user interface in communication with the controller, or provided by the controller itself) that may be manually operated by the user to switch the state of the valve structure (particularly based on the detected use of the device, which is signalled to the user / operator via the signalling device).

[0017] Good results can be achieved if the sensor is configured to detect one or more of the following:

[0018] - sucking behavior (regarding sucking on a pacifier);

[0019] - the fluid pressure upstream of the nipple; and

[0020] - Fluid flow rate of fluid flowing to or through the nipple.

[0021] In particular, detected changes in the (instantaneous) sucking behavior may indicate changes in the baby's need to drink from the feeder. Additionally or alternatively, detected changes in the (instantaneous) fluid pressure (in the fluid line leading to the nipple) may indicate changes in the baby's needs. Additionally or alternatively, detected changes in the (instantaneous) fluid flow rate (of the fluid flowing through or to the nipple) may indicate changes in the baby's needs. Once such changes have been detected, the controller may control the valve structure to select another (i.e., second) fluid reservoir instead of the initial (first) fluid reservoir to feed the baby or to select both the first reservoir and the second reservoir to feed the baby (with a mixture of fluids) so that his / her changes in needs are met.

[0022] Additionally or alternatively, the sensor may be configured to detect a change in shape of the nipple, such as detecting deformation of the nipple. Such sensors may, for example, include optical sensors and / or strain sensors (e.g., pressure sensors based on heterogeneous core optical fibers, known per se) mounted in or on or integrated into the nipple.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment, the first reservoir contains foremilk equivalents, wherein the second reservoir contains hindmilk equivalents.

[0024] In this way, the infant can be prevented from overfeeding by the device, wherein, during use, changes in the infant's feeding behavior can indicate the infant's need for hindmilk (equivalent present in the second reservoir), wherein the device can detect the change in feeding behavior and can control the valve structure to change from feeding foremilk equivalents from the first reservoir to feeding hindmilk equivalents from the second reservoir.

[0025] Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the reservoirs may contain foremilk concentrate or hindmilk concentrate and the other reservoir may contain water, wherein the water may preferably be mixed with the milk concentrate by the device (e.g. by simultaneously discharging milk concentrate and water from the respective reservoirs) to provide milk to be fed to the infant.

[0026] Alternatively, and depending on the contents of the reservoirs, the device may be configured to control the valve structure to first change from feeding a foremilk equivalent to a midmilk equivalent (e.g., feeding a mixture of milk from both the first and second reservoirs) and then change from the midmilk equivalent to feeding a hindmilk equivalent from the second reservoir. Alternatively, if the device includes a separate third reservoir, the third reservoir may contain a midmilk equivalent (in which case there is no need to mix the fluids from the first and second reservoirs during a midmilk feeding period).

[0027] Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for draining fluid from an infant feeding device (e.g., a feeding device according to the present invention), the method comprising:

[0028] - during a first feeding period, feeding a first fluid to the teat of the feeding device;

[0029] - during a first feeding period, the sensor monitors use of the feeding device; and

[0030] - During a second feeding session, a second fluid is fed to the teat of the feeding device, which second feeding session starts if the sensor has detected a predetermined change in use of the feeding device.

[0031] In this way, the advantages mentioned above can be achieved.

[0032] Preferably, the method includes changing fluid communication regarding at least one of the fluids (eg, adjusting a state of a valve controlling a corresponding fluid communication regarding that fluid) based on the detected change in usage of the feeding apparatus.

[0033] Optionally, the first fluid and the second fluid may be mixed during the first feeding period.Alternatively, mixing of the first fluid and the second fluid is prevented during the first feeding period.

[0034] Optionally, the first fluid and the second fluid may be mixed during the second feeding period.Alternatively, mixing of the first fluid and the second fluid is prevented during the second feeding period.

[0035] The method optionally comprises feeding a third fluid to the nipple of the feeding device, e.g. during the first feeding period and / or during the second feeding period and / or during a further (or intermediate) third feeding period. In that case, optionally, the third fluid (if any) and the first fluid and / or the second fluid may be mixed during the first feeding period or during the second feeding period or during a subsequent or intermediate third feeding period. Alternatively, mixing of the third fluid with one or more of the other fluids may be prevented during discharge of the third fluid.

[0036] According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, a kit of parts is provided, the kit of parts comprising at least a first liquid (or a first powder to be reconstituted with water to provide a first liquid) and a second liquid (or a second powder to be reconstituted with water to provide a second liquid), each of the first liquid and the second liquid comprising a fat fraction, a carbohydrate fraction and a protein fraction, wherein the first liquid and the second liquid together form an infant formula or a toddler formula, preferably an infant formula; and wherein the energy content from fat in the total energy content of the second liquid is at least 20% higher than the energy content from fat in the total energy content of the first liquid. For the avoidance of doubt, it should be understood that the first liquid and the second liquid are not a combination of two infant formulas for different age groups. As used herein, "infant formula" means a breast milk substitute that is specifically manufactured to meet the nutritional needs of infants in the first few months of life until the introduction of appropriate complementary feeding. The composition of infant formula products and toddler formulas is governed by legal provisions, such as, for example, the Codex Alimentarius of the FAO or similar provisions in the United States, Europe or China. The details of such compositions and methods of production thereof are known.

[0037] Additionally or alternatively, according to a preferred aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kit of parts comprising at least a foremilk equivalent and a hindmilk equivalent, the foremilk equivalent and the hindmilk equivalent each comprising a fat fraction, a protein fraction, a carbohydrate fraction and a mineral fraction, wherein the foremilk equivalent is different from the hindmilk equivalent, and wherein:

[0038] i. the mineral fraction in the foremilk equivalent is substantially the same as the mineral fraction in the hindmilk equivalent (ie, the total amount of minerals per ml and the relative ratios of the different minerals); and / or

[0039] ii. the fat fraction in the foremilk equivalent provides at least 20% fewer calories, preferably at least 30% fewer calories, more preferably at least 40% fewer calories than the fat fraction in the hindmilk fraction; and / or

[0040] iii. the protein fraction in the foremilk equivalent is substantially the same as the protein fraction in the hindmilk equivalent (ie, total protein per ml and protein composition); and / or

[0041] iv. the carbohydrate fraction in the foremilk equivalent is substantially the same as the carbohydrate fraction in the hindmilk equivalent (ie, total amount and composition of carbohydrates per ml); and / or in preferred embodiments,

[0042] wherein foremilk equivalents are different from hindmilk equivalents, and wherein,

[0043] i. the mineral fraction in the foremilk equivalent is substantially the same as the mineral fraction in the hindmilk equivalent;

[0044] ii. The fat fraction in the foremilk equivalent provides at least 20% fewer calories, preferably at least 30% fewer calories, more preferably at least 40% fewer calories than the fat fraction in the hindmilk fraction.

[0045] In a more preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a kit of parts, wherein the foremilk equivalents are different from the hindmilk equivalents, and wherein,

[0046] i. the mineral fraction in the foremilk equivalent is substantially the same as the mineral fraction in the hindmilk equivalent;

[0047] ii. the fat fraction in the foremilk equivalent provides at least 20% fewer calories, preferably at least 30% fewer calories, more preferably at least 40% fewer calories than the fat fraction in the hindmilk fraction; and

[0048] iii. the protein fraction in the foremilk equivalent is substantially the same as the protein fraction in the hindmilk equivalent; and

[0049] iv. The carbohydrate fraction in the foremilk equivalents is substantially the same as the carbohydrate fraction in the hindmilk equivalents.

[0050] As used herein, the energy value of one gram of fat corresponds to 9.0 kcal / g, the energy value of one gram of protein corresponds to 4.0 kcal / g, and the energy value of one gram of carbohydrates corresponds to 4.0 kcal / g (source: www.fao.org).

[0051] Optionally, the kit of parts may include a mid-milk equivalent comprising a fat fraction, a protein fraction, a carbohydrate and a mineral fraction, wherein the mid-milk equivalent is different from a hind-milk equivalent, and wherein the mid-milk equivalent is different from a foremilk equivalent, wherein preferably:

[0052] i. the mineral fraction in the mid-milk equivalent is substantially the same as the mineral fraction in the hind milk equivalent (ie, the total amount of minerals per ml and the relative ratios of different minerals); and / or

[0053] ii. the fat fraction in the foremilk equivalent provides fewer calories than the fat fraction in the midmilk fraction, and the fat fraction in the midmilk equivalent provides fewer calories than the fat fraction in the hindmilk fraction; and / or

[0054] iii. the protein fraction in the mid-milk equivalent is substantially the same as the protein fraction in the foremilk equivalent; and / or

[0055] iv. the carbohydrate fraction in the mid-milk equivalent is substantially the same as the carbohydrate fraction in the foremilk equivalent;

[0056] Among them, preferably:

[0057] i. the mineral fraction in the mid-milk equivalent is substantially the same as the mineral fraction in the hind milk equivalent (ie, the total amount of minerals per ml and the relative ratios of the different minerals); and

[0058] ii. the fat fraction in the foremilk equivalent provides fewer calories than the fat fraction in the mid-milk fraction, and the fat fraction in the mid-milk equivalent provides fewer calories than the fat fraction in the hindmilk fraction;

[0059] Among them, more preferably:

[0060] i. the mineral fraction in the mid-milk equivalent is substantially the same as the mineral fraction in the hind milk equivalent (ie, the total amount of minerals per ml and the relative ratios of the different minerals); and

[0061] ii. the fat fraction in the foremilk equivalent provides fewer calories than the fat fraction in the midmilk fraction, and the fat fraction in the midmilk equivalent provides fewer calories than the fat fraction in the hindmilk fraction; and

[0062] iii. the protein fraction in the mid-milk equivalent is substantially the same as the protein fraction in the foremilk equivalent; and

[0063] iv. The carbohydrate fraction in the mid-milk equivalent is substantially the same as the carbohydrate fraction in the foremilk equivalent.

[0064] For example, a kit of parts may be used in the method according to the invention. The kit of parts may for example comprise a first receptacle (e.g. a container or a cup) comprising a foremilk equivalent and a second receptacle (e.g. a container or a cup) comprising a hindmilk equivalent. Optionally, the kit of parts may also comprise other components of a feeding device according to the invention for assembling the feeding device.

[0065] Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

[0066] In the following, the present invention will be explained using exemplary embodiments and drawings. The drawings are schematic. In the drawings, similar or corresponding elements have been provided with similar or corresponding reference numerals.

[0067] Figure 1 schematically illustrates an open side view of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 2 and Figure 1 Similarly, it shows an alternative example; and

[0069] Figure 3 A further example of a feeding system according to an aspect of the invention is shown.

[0070] Figure 1 A feeding device 1, in particular a feeding bottle, for feeding an infant is depicted. The feeding device 1 comprises at least a first fluid reservoir 4 (containing a first fluid / beverage M1), a second fluid reservoir 8 (containing a second fluid / beverage M2), a nipple (i.e., teat) 10, and a valve structure (e.g., a valve system) 24, 28 for selectively providing fluid communication between the fluid reservoirs 4, 8 and the nipple 10.

[0071] The skilled person will appreciate that the feeding device may be configured in various ways, for example with only two fluid reservoirs (reservoirs) or more than two, wherein the feeding device may include a fluid conduit structure 23, 34, 38 for feeding the fluid M1, M2 (e.g. liquid, beverage) from the reservoirs 4, 8 to the nipple 10. The feeding device 1 may, for example, include a housing 2 (e.g. bottle wall, bottle-shaped housing, container) in which the fluid reservoirs 4, 8 are contained / located / integrated.

[0072] Alternatively, the nipple 10 may be removably coupled to the housing 2 via a corresponding nipple connector 11 (e.g., via a screw thread connection). In that case, when the nipple 10 is coupled to the housing 2, fluid communication is available between the nipple 10 and a downstream section 23 of a fluid conduit structure 23 of the device (wherein, if the fluid conduit structure remains in the housing 2, detachment / separation of the nipple 10 from the housing 2 results in removal of the nipple 10 from the conduit structure).

[0073] According to an embodiment, the feeding device is refillable, i.e. configured for multiple uses. For example, the fluid reservoirs 4, 8 may be refillable reservoirs or replaceable (exchangeable) bladders. In the case of refillable reservoirs, it is preferred that the fluid reservoirs 4, 8 are configured to be cleaned, e.g. during washing, e.g. by being removably arranged in the housing 2. Similarly, it is preferred that the corresponding fluid conduit structures 23, 34, 38 are configured to be cleaned, e.g. during washing, e.g. by being removably arranged in the housing 2. Removal of the contents (e.g., the refillable fluid reservoir, the replaceable bladder and / or the conduit structure parts) from the housing 2 may be achieved, e.g., after the nipple 10 has been disassembled, via the top of the housing 2, or, e.g., via the other side (e.g., via an optional removable / releasable bottom wall B of the housing 2) which may be provided with a removable wall section for allowing access to the interior of the housing 2.

[0074] In another embodiment, the device 1 may be a single-use device, eg configured to be discarded (preferably recycled) after it has been used.

[0075] The valve structure may include, for example, a first valve 24 associated with the first reservoir 4 (for controlling the flow of fluid from that reservoir 4 to the teat 10), and a second valve 28 associated with the second reservoir 8 (for controlling the flow of fluid from the second reservoir 8 to the teat 10). The valves 24, 28 may, for example, be integrated in the respective reservoirs 4, 8 and / or in the respective fluid conduit structures 23, 34, 38, as will be clear to the skilled person. Furthermore, the valves 24, 28 may also be separate elements (as in the figures), or they may be combined / integrated with each other. Preferably, the valve structure 24, 28 is configured to select which of the two (or more) fluid reservoirs 4, 8 is in fluid communication with the teat 10.

[0076] According to one embodiment, during operation, the valve structure 24, 28 allows only one of the fluid reservoirs 4, 8 to be in fluid communication with the teat 10 at a time (i.e., the fluids from the reservoirs may preferably be prevented from mixing by the valve structure). Alternatively, the valve structure 24, 28 may be configured or adjustable to a valve state to allow a mixture of fluids M1, M2 from both reservoirs to be dispensed (i.e., by simultaneously discharging the fluids M1, M2, for example, in a predetermined mixing ratio).

[0077] The valve structures 24, 28 may include, for example, one or more electric actuators, servos, solenoid valves, motors, etc., for setting the valve state. Each of the valves 24, 28 may be, for example, adjustable (via the controller 22) between an open valve state (allowing fluid flow) and a closed valve state (blocking fluid flow), wherein each valve 24, 28 may optionally provide several mutually different open valve states (e.g., for setting / adjusting the amount of fluid flow, such as by adjusting the size of the fluid flow channel through the valve). Moreover, the valve structures 24, 28 may include or be connectable to a power source (not shown) to provide power thereto.

[0078] The device has a controller 22 configured to control valve structures 24, 28. The controller 22 may be, for example, or include a microelectronic unit, a programmed controller implementing software code, an electronic circuit, etc. The controller 22 may include or be provided with a power source (e.g., a battery or an external power source) to power the controller.

[0079] For example, the feeding apparatus 1 may include a single power source (not shown) for powering the controller 22 and the electrically controllable valve arrangements 24 , 28 .

[0080] The controller 22 may be part of or integrated with the valve structure, or communicate with the valve structure via a suitable communication link (e.g., including one or more communication lines), for example, for sending valve control signals to the corresponding valves 24, 28 to set the corresponding valve states (i.e., for opening or closing the corresponding valves). For example, the controller 22 may be configured to provide the valve control signal as an electric valve power supply signal, thereby controlling and powering the corresponding valves 24, 28 to set the desired valve structure state.

[0081] The controller 22 may be located in and / or connected to the housing 2 of the feeding device 1. In an alternative embodiment, the controller 22 is located outside (and remote from) the feeding device 1, and the controller 22 and the valve structures 24, 28 are configured to communicate wirelessly with each other using suitable wireless transmission means (e.g., Bluetooth, etc.). In yet another embodiment, the controller 22 is configured to communicate wirelessly (e.g., via Bluetooth, etc.) with an external or remote user interface device (configured to wirelessly receive information or data from the controller 22 of the feeding device 1, and, for example, configured to process the received information or data, and optionally having a memory for storing such information or data and / or having a display for displaying such information or data), for example, using an app on a mobile phone, etc., to allow archiving and / or display of information about the feeding process, such as the total amount of fluids M1, M2, duration, number of feedings per day, etc.

[0082] In addition, the controller 22 may also include or be associated with a user-operable user interface. Such a user interface may, for example, include at least one user-operable knob, switch or button K1, which is arranged in or on the housing 2 for operating the controller 22, and in particular for initiating (via the controller 22) a change in the state of the valve structure 24, 25, 28.

[0083] Furthermore, instead of an electronic or digital controller, a mechanical valve controller may be used. Such a mechanical valve controller may, for example, include at least one user-operable knob, switch or button disposed in or on the housing 2 and coupled to the valve structure for directly controlling the valve structure, in particular for changing the state of the valve structure 24, 25, 28.

[0084] Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1 may comprise a user operable user interface (e.g. at least one user operable knob, switch or button K2) for adjusting the state of a valve or each valve, the valve for example being used to adjust fluid communication between at least one of the reservoirs and the teat, in particular for changing the amount or flow rate of fluid flowing from that reservoir to the teat from a first non-zero amount or flow rate to a second non-zero amount or flow rate (during operation).

[0085] Advantageously, the device has a sensor 20 configured to detect the use of the feeding device 1. The sensor 20 can be configured in various ways. The sensor 20 can correspond to or be similar to a sensor known from US 6109100, which is configured to provide data in response to a human or animal subject sucking a nipple or other outlet connected to a supply of feeding fluid stored in a reservoir. The sensor 20 can be, for example, an electronic sensor, which can be powered by an integrated (or external) power supply, wherein the sensor 20 can be configured to provide an electronic monitoring signal. Preferably, the sensor 20 is communicatively connected to the controller 22 to transmit the sensor signal (i.e., the sensor detection result) to the controller 22. The corresponding sensor signal can be, for example, an analog or digital signal. Moreover, according to an embodiment, the sensor and the controller can be integrated with each other (for example, arranged on the same printed circuit board, or arranged in a different manner).

[0086] As mentioned previously, the sensor 20 may, for example, be configured to detect one or more of the following:

[0087] - Sucking behavior (regarding the user's sucking on the nipple 10), for example sucking pattern (such as the number of sucking instances per minute or the number of suck-swallow-breathe instances per minute);

[0088] - the fluid pressure upstream of the teat 10, for example the pressure in the section 23 of the fluid conduit structure; and

[0089] - The fluid flow rate of the fluid flowing to or through the teat 10 (eg the fluid flowing through the section 23 of the fluid conduit structure), such as the average flow rate or the instantaneous flow rate.

[0090] The controller 22 is preferably configured to control the valve arrangement 24, 28 based on the use of the feeding device 1 detected by the sensor 20. In this way, improved (particularly automatic) infant feeding can be achieved, wherein the user (infant) can directly influence which fluid is dispensed via the nipple by changing the use of the device (e.g. by changing the sucking behavior, which can or will change the fluid pressure and / or fluid flow rate upstream of the nipple 10).

[0091] It follows that the sensor 20 is preferably configured to generate a sensor signal indicative of a detected use of the device 1, wherein it is further preferred that the controller 22 is configured to process the sensor signal for determining a predetermined change in the use of the feeding device 1. The controller 22 is then preferably configured to change the state of the valve arrangement 24, 28 if the controller 22 has determined a predetermined change in the use of the feeding device 1.

[0092] For example, the predetermined change in the use of the feeding device 1 may be one or more of the following:

[0093] - a change in the suck-swallow ratio (e.g., a change from short, rapid sucks to a more rhythmic sucking and swallowing pattern, where one or two sucks are followed by a brief pause to allow the infant to swallow the feeding product);

[0094] - a predetermined sucking pause (e.g., a pause of at least 30 seconds); and

[0095] - A decrease in the average fluid flow rate compared to an initial flow rate at the start of a feeding cycle, such as a threshold decrease in the average flow rate (eg a detected change of at least 30% in mass flow or volume flow per minute, in particular a decrease).

[0096] Furthermore, the controller 22 may be configured to automatically detect the start of a feeding cycle based on the received sensor signals, such as signaling the first sucking on the nipple, signaling the first pressure change, and / or signaling the first fluid flow rate change or the first fluid flow rate above zero. Once the start of feeding has been detected, the controller 22 may automatically begin monitoring the sensor signals to detect subsequent changes in the use of the device 1.

[0097] For example, the controller 22 may be configured to automatically begin detecting suck patterns (using sensor signals) at / from the start of a feeding cycle to assess whether a predetermined suck pause occurs (which may be a predetermined change in use of the feeding device).

[0098] Also, for example, controller 22 may be configured to automatically begin detecting average fluid flow rate (using the sensor signal) at the start of a feeding cycle to assess whether the fluid flow rate decreases to a threshold value (which may be a predetermined change in use of the feeding device).

[0099] The controller 22 may be configured to control the valve structures 24, 28 to allow fluid communication between the first reservoir 4 and the teat 10 and optionally block fluid communication between the second reservoir 8 and the teat 10 during a first feeding period, e.g., from the start of a feeding cycle. Figure 2 ), the controller may be configured to also block fluid communication between the third reservoir 5 and the nipple 10 during the first feeding period.

[0100] Moreover, the controller 22 may be configured to control the valve structures 24, 28 to block fluid communication between the first reservoir 4 and the teat 10 and to allow fluid communication between the second reservoir 8 and the teat 10 during the (subsequent) second feeding session. Alternatively, the controller 22 may be configured to control the valve structures 24, 28 to allow fluid communication between the first reservoir 4 and the teat 10 during the (subsequent) second feeding session (in particular if mixing of the respective fluids is desired). In that case, it may also be advantageous if the controller 22 can control the valve structures 24, 28 to adjust the fluid communication between the first reservoir 4 and the teat 10 during the (subsequent) second feeding session (e.g. by controlling the first valve 24 from a first open valve state to a second open valve state different from the first open valve state), e.g. to set a certain mixing ratio between the fluids M1, M2. Optionally, if a further (third) reservoir 5 is present, the controller may also be configured to block fluid communication between the third reservoir 5 and the teat 10 during the second feeding session.

[0101] Preferably, the controller 22 is configured to control the valve arrangement such that the start of the second feeding session is based on usage of the feeding device 1 detected by the sensor 20 (and in particular based on a change in detected usage).

[0102] Furthermore, the device 1 preferably has a signalling device 13, such as an acoustic signaller (eg a loudspeaker) and / or an optical signaller (eg one or more light emitting diodes), for signalling the detected use of the feeding device to an operator.

[0103] In addition, the device 1 may be configured to utilize a third feeding period to feed a third fluid, which may be a mixture of the first fluid M1 and the second fluid M2. Preferably, then, the controller 22 is configured to control the valve structure so that the start of the third feeding period is based on the use of the feeding device 1 detected by the sensor 20 (and in particular on the detected change in use). The third feeding period may, for example, be an intermediate feeding period (i.e. between the mentioned first and second feeding periods), or it may be after the second feeding period.

[0104] Operation of the feeding device 1 may include a method for expelling a fluid from the feeding device 1 (via the nipple 10), the method comprising:

[0105] - during a first feeding session, feeding a first fluid M1 (from the first reservoir 4) to the teat 10 of the feeding device 1;

[0106] - during a first feeding session, the sensor 20 monitors the use of the feeding device 1; and

[0107] - A second fluid M2 is fed (from the second reservoir 8) to the teat 10 of the feeding device 1 during a second feeding session, which begins if the sensor 20 has detected a predetermined change in the use of the feeding device.

[0108] During use, each of the reservoirs 4, 8 of the feeding device 1 may, for example, contain a beverage, such as milk or a milk equivalent (e.g. formula-based milk), wherein preferably the composition of the content M1 of the first reservoir 4 is different from the composition of the content M2 of the second reservoir 8. As an example, the fat content (e.g. volume percentage) of the fat of the liquid M1 in the first reservoir 4 may be lower than the fat content of the liquid in the second reservoir 8. In other words: the liquid M2 (beverage, milk) stored in the second reservoir 8 is preferably richer in fat than the liquid (beverage, milk) stored in the first reservoir 4.

[0109] As mentioned previously, according to a preferred embodiment, the first reservoir 4 contains foremilk equivalents, wherein the second reservoir 8 contains hindmilk equivalents. As will be explained in further detail below, and as will be clear to the skilled person, these fluids may have various compositions.

[0110] Alternatively, for example, one of the fluids may be milk concentrate, in particular foremilk concentrate or hindmilk concentrate, and the other of the fluids may be water (to be mixed with the milk concentrate).

[0111] If the first fluid M1 is foremilk equivalent and the second fluid M2 is hindmilk equivalent, the device 1 can be operated to express middle milk through the teat by feeding a mixture from the contents of the two reservoirs (e.g. during the second feeding period, or during an optional third feeding period between the first and second feeding periods).

[0112] Hence, improved infant feeding (eg to prevent overfeeding of the baby) may be achieved, wherein the feeding device may automatically adjust feeding according to detected changes in the infant's feeding needs, i.e. the adjustments are based on use of the feeding device 1 monitored by the respective sensor 20.

[0113] Moreover, as follows from the above, it is preferred that fluid from each of the first reservoir and the second reservoir can be transferred to and through the nipple 10, wherein the flow from either of the first reservoir 4 and the second reservoir 8 (i.e., the selection of either of the first reservoir and the second reservoir) is regulated by the valve structure 24, 28 and the corresponding controller 22 so as to determine which of the reservoirs 4, 8 is connected to the nipple 10 (and which is not connected).

[0114] According to an example, the operation of the apparatus 1 may be such that:

[0115] a. The valve device 22, 24, 28 allows only the fluid / beverage M1 to be transferred from the first reservoir 4 to the nipple 10 at the beginning of the feeding cycle;

[0116] b. valve devices 22, 24, 28 monitor sucking behavior and / or fluid flow rate to the nipple and / or the corresponding fluid pressure;

[0117] c. If there is a sucking pause (e.g., a pause of at least 30 seconds) and / or if the average fluid flow rate decreases, e.g., by at least 30% (e.g., the fluid flow rate detected per minute) and / or if, e.g., the suck-swallow-breathe pattern changes, the valve devices 22, 24, 28 switch to allow fluid / beverage M2 from the second reservoir 8 to pass to the nipple 10.

[0118] It may be preferred that the first fluid M1 and the second fluid M2 do not mix during operation. In particular, the controller 22 controls the valve arrangement 24, 28 to feed only the first fluid M1 to the teat 10 during a first feeding session and only the second fluid M2 to the teat 10 during a (subsequent) second feeding session.

[0119] Alternatively, the first fluid M1 and the second fluid M2 are mixed during operation, for example once a change in the use of the device has been detected (such as for feeding a mixture representing or similar to midi milk, or for mixing milk concentrate with water).

[0120] In particular, during use, the start of a feeding session begins with the baby (user) sucking the nipple 10. The controller 22 preferably detects the start of a feeding session, for example by detecting the start of sucking. Moreover, at the start of a feeding session, the controller 22 may control the valve structure (e.g., by opening the first valve 24 and by closing the second valve 28) to provide only fluid communication between the first reservoir 4 and the nipple, so that the first fluid M1 may be discharged to the baby via the nipple 10. It will be appreciated that feeding causes fluid flow (and flow rate) and corresponding fluid pressure changes (due to the sucking action of the baby) to occur in the device 1.

[0121] During feeding, the sensor 20 detects use of the device 1 and can provide corresponding sensor detection results (e.g., sensor signals) to the controller 22, for example for processing by the controller to determine whether / when a predetermined change in feeding behavior (e.g., sucking behavior, fluid pressure and / or fluid flow rate) occurs.

[0122] After a certain feeding period, the infant may change his / her use of the feeding device 1, for example by changing the sucking behavior (as explained above), which may result in a change in the fluid pressure (e.g., fluid pressure pattern) and / or fluid flow rate upstream of the nipple 10. The controller 22 may detect such a change in the use of the feeding device 1 based on the detection results received from the sensor 20, and after such detection, the controller 22 controls the valve structure (e.g., by closing the first valve 24 and by opening the second valve 28) to provide only fluid communication between the second reservoir 8 and the nipple, so that the second fluid M2 can be discharged to the infant via the nipple 10.

[0123] Alternatively, as mentioned above, the controller 22 may detect a change in the use of the feeding device 1 based on the detection results received from the sensor 20, and after such detection, the controller 22 controls the valve structure (e.g., by optionally adjusting the open state of the first valve 24, and by opening the second valve 28) to provide fluid communication between both the reservoir 4 and the first and second reservoirs 8 and the nipple, so that the mixture of the first fluid M1 and the second fluid M2 can be discharged to the infant via the nipple 10. In this case, the controller 22 may also be operative to detect another change in the use of the feeding device 1 based on the detection results received from the sensor 20, and after such detection, the controller 22 controls the valve structure (e.g., by closing the first valve 24, and by maintaining the second valve 28 in the open state or adjusting the second valve 28 to another open valve state) to provide only fluid communication between the second reservoir 8 and the nipple, so that only the second fluid M2 can be discharged to the infant via the nipple 10.

[0124] During operation, the optional signaling device 13 can be controlled by the controller 22 to emit a signal (e.g., an audible or optical signal S) to inform the device operator (e.g., a parent) of a detected change in the use of the feeding device. For example, the device operator can use the optional user interface K1 to instruct the controller to change the valve state based on the information received from the signaling device 13 (i.e., signal S), for example to confirm that the feeding device 1 can switch or mix the fluids from the reservoirs 4, 8.

[0125] Furthermore, during use, an operator may manipulate the user operable interface K2 (if present) for adjusting the fluid discharge state of one or more of the valves 24, 28, for example for selecting a fluid mixing ratio (if a mixture of fluids M1, M2 is to be dispensed).

[0126] Optionally, such mixing ratio may depend on predetermined information, for example according to powder mixing instructions (if the fluid in the reservoir has been supplied or prepared by mixing a powder with a liquid (e.g. with water)), or according to a mixing ratio for mixing milk concentrate with water (if one of the fluids is a (pre- or post-) milk concentrate).

[0127] Figure 2 An alternative feeding device 1 ' is shown, comprising: an additional third fluid reservoir 5, containing a third fluid M3; and a corresponding third valve 25 (of the valve arrangement) for controlling the flow of fluid from the third fluid reservoir 5 to the teat 10. The operation of the second embodiment corresponds to the above operation of the first embodiment, wherein the third valve 25 may be controlled (e.g. by the controller 22) depending on the detected use of the device 1 '. As an example, the first reservoir 4' of the second embodiment may contain foremilk equivalents, wherein the second reservoir 8' contains midmilk equivalents, and wherein the third reservoir 5 contains hindmilk equivalents. In this way, the device may discharge midmilk equivalents (directly from the second reservoir) without having to mix the contents of the different reservoirs.

[0128] Alternatively, the first reservoir 4' of the second embodiment may contain foremilk concentrate, wherein the second reservoir 8' may contain hindmilk concentrate, wherein the third reservoir 5 contains water. In this way, the device may discharge foremilk by mixing foremilk concentrate with water. Moreover, the device may discharge hindmilk by mixing hindmilk concentrate with water. Even more, the device may discharge mid-milk by mixing foremilk concentrate, hindmilk concentrate and water in a certain (predetermined) mixing ratio, as will be appreciated by the skilled person.

[0129] Furthermore, combinations of the above examples are possible, wherein one of the reservoirs contains foremilk concentrate or hindmilk concentrate and a second one of the reservoirs contains hindmilk equivalent or foremilk equivalent, and a third one of the reservoirs contains water (to be mixed with the milk concentrate), respectively.

[0130] The second embodiment may also include one or more of the user interface devices and / or signaling devices mentioned above ( Figure 2 ), as will be clear to the skilled person.

[0131] Further, the second embodiment comprises a sensor 120 configured to detect a change in shape of a nipple (which is usually made of a flexible or elastic material), such as detecting a nipple deformation (e.g. nipple retraction, nipple bending), wherein the sensor 120 can provide the detection result to the controller 22 for determining the use of the device 1. The sensor 120 can, for example, comprise an optical sensor and / or a strain sensor (e.g. a pressure sensor based on a heterogeneous core optical fiber known per se) mounted in or on the nipple or integrated in the nipple. This sensor 120 can be used, for example, instead of the sensor 20 located upstream of the nipple.

[0132] The present invention may be provided or embodied in the form of a kit of parts (e.g. for refilling the device 1), which kit of parts comprises, for example: a reservoir of a container containing a first fluid M1 or containing a first formula for preparing the first fluid (by mixing the first formula with water); and another reservoir or container containing a second fluid M2 or containing a second formula for preparing the second fluid (by mixing the second formula with water).

[0133] As previously mentioned, the kit of parts may for example comprise at least a foremilk equivalent (in a first container / reservoir) and (separately, in a second container / reservoir) a hindmilk equivalent, the foremilk equivalent and the hindmilk equivalent each comprising a fat fraction, a protein fraction, a carbohydrate and a mineral fraction, wherein

[0134] i. the mineral fraction in the foremilk equivalent is substantially the same as the mineral fraction in the hindmilk equivalent; and / or

[0135] ii. the fat fraction in the foremilk equivalent provides at least 20% fewer calories, preferably at least 30% fewer calories, more preferably at least 40% fewer calories than the fat fraction in the hindmilk fraction; and / or

[0136] iii. the protein fraction in the foremilk equivalent is substantially the same as the protein fraction in the hindmilk equivalent; and / or

[0137] iv. the carbohydrate fraction in the foremilk equivalent is substantially the same as the carbohydrate fraction in the hindmilk equivalent; and / or

[0138] Preferably,

[0139] i. the mineral fraction in the foremilk equivalent is substantially the same as the mineral fraction in the hindmilk equivalent; and

[0140] ii. The fat fraction in the foremilk equivalent provides at least 20% fewer calories, preferably at least 30% fewer calories, more preferably at least 40% fewer calories than the fat fraction in the hindmilk fraction.

[0141] Although the present invention has been explained using exemplary embodiments and drawings, these do not in any way limit the scope of the invention, which is provided by the claims. It will be appreciated that many variations, substitutions and extensions are possible within the scope, as will be apparent to the skilled person from the description and drawings.

[0142] As used herein, foremilk may also be referred to as foremilk or forefeeding; midmilk may also be referred to as intermediate milk, midmilk, bulk milk, compound milk, or pooled milk; and hindmilk may also be referred to as hindmilk or hindfeeding.

[0143] In one embodiment, the macronutrient composition (ready-to-drink or powdered composition after reconstitution with water according to the manufacturing instructions) is:

[0144]

[0145] *See item iv below.

[0146] The conditions are:

[0147] i. The energy content in the foremilk equivalent is approximately equal to the energy content in the hindmilk equivalent (approximately equal is defined as a difference of less than 5%, preferably equal);

[0148] ii. the protein content in the foremilk equivalent is approximately equal to the protein content in the hindmilk equivalent (approximately equal is defined as a difference of less than 5%, preferably equal);

[0149] iii. the fat content in the hindmilk equivalent is higher than the fat content in the foremilk equivalent, preferably between 30% and 400% higher, more preferably between 40% and 300% higher, most preferably between 60% and 200% higher;

[0150] iv. Foremilk equivalents and hindmilk equivalents include nutritionally available carbohydrates (eg, lactose) suitable for feeding an infant or young child in amounts such that the product is adjusted to an energy density as required.

[0151] Vitamin and mineral levels are preferably the same in foremilk equivalents and hindmilk equivalents. Optional ingredients include, but are not limited to, human milk oligosaccharides (e.g., 2'FL, 3FL, 3'GL, 3'SL, 6'SL, LNT, LNnT, etc.), prebiotics (e.g., galacto-oligosaccharides), oligofructose or combinations thereof (such prebiotics may also be referred to as non-digestible oligosaccharides / non-digestible carbohydrates), probiotics. All of these are well known in the art.

[0152] The whey:casein ratio in the product is preferably between 1 :5 up to 5: 1 , more preferably between 1 : 1 up to 2: 1. Alternatively, (partially) hydrolyzed proteins may be used.

[0153] Products targeted to infants (0-12 months) preferably fall within the preferred macronutrient ranges listed above, and toddler formulas (between 1 and 3 years) preferably fall within the broader macronutrient ranges listed above.

[0154] Further to the above, as will be clear to the skilled person, the general description of infant formulas comprising fat fractions, protein fractions, carbohydrate fractions is known in the art as is their preparation (eg, preparation of nutritional powders).

[0155] As is generally known, for infant formula, the fat fraction may comprise a mixture of vegetable oils, preferably vegetable oils and (cow) milk fat (e.g. cream). It may further comprise long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA), such as DHA, EPA and ARA.

[0156] The carbohydrate fraction of an infant formula may, for example, include digestible saccharides and non-digestible oligosaccharides.

[0157] The protein fraction of the infant formula may, for example, comprise whey proteins and caseins, optionally partially hydrolyzed proteins.

[0158] General background information about infant formula compositions can also be found in WO 2021008982 of the applicant.

[0159] With regard to the structure of the device 1, the power supply may be part of the device 1, for example located in the housing 2 of the device (such as a battery and / or a rechargeable power supply), or it may be, for example, an external power supply (e.g. an external power adapter, a transformer unit, an external battery) which is electrically connected to the integrated electrical components (e.g. the valve structure, the controller 20 and / or the sensor 20) via a suitable external power cord (not shown), a power connector, a socket and / or a plug known to the skilled person per se.

[0160] Furthermore, it is also preferred that the device 1 comprises or is associated with a user interface, such as at least one user-operable switch or button (not shown), which is provided in or on the housing 2 for controlling the valve structure and / or the controller 22, in particular for initiating a change in the state of the valve structure 24, 25, 28. For example, the controller 22 may be operated (e.g., by a parent) via the user interface to start or initiate a feeding cycle, thereby setting or resetting the valve structure 24, 25, 28 to a certain valve structure state, resetting the controller to a controller start state, and / or providing additional or different functionality, as will be appreciated by the skilled person.

[0161] Furthermore, it will be clear that the two (or more) fluid reservoirs 4, 8 may be arranged, shaped and sized in various ways. They may be of equal or different sizes, and / or they may be arranged next to each other, or one reservoir may be located within the other reservoir, etc. Preferably, each fluid reservoir 4, 8 is sized to contain at least a single dose of the respective fluid (drink) M1, M2 that will be fed to the infant from that reservoir during a single meal, but this is not essential.

[0162] Furthermore, according to the embodiments of the present invention, no valve structure is required. Figure 3 , shows a first feeding device 1″ (of a feeding system) having a single fluid reservoir 4″ (containing a first fluid M1) and a sensor 20. The feeding system has a separate reservoir 8″ provided by a separate second feeding device 250, which does not include a sensor but does have a nipple 210 for feeding a second fluid M2 to an infant. The first feeding device 1″ does include a signaling device 13, such as a sound signal transmitter and / or a light signal transmitter, which is used to signal the detected use of the feeding device to an operator. The operation of the third embodiment is subsequent to the operation of the above-described embodiments, however, no change in valve state is required. Instead, in this case, during operation, the operator / parent can switch feeding from the first feeding device 1″ (i.e., stop feeding from the first device) to the second feeding device 250 based on information received from the signaling device 13 (regarding the detected use of the feeding device 1″).

[0163] Furthermore, the invention may also include the use of milk collected by the mother, i.e. milk produced by the human mammary gland. The mother may optionally collect milk from her breast using methods known in the art and keep the foremilk, midmilk and / or hindmilk separated. In a preferred embodiment, these milk fractions may be applied in the method according to the invention, wherein the first fluid is (human) foremilk, the second fluid is (human) midmilk, and the optional third fluid is (human) hindmilk. Thus, the collected foremilk, midmilk and / or hindmilk (and preferably each of these three milk fractions) may be used in the device of the invention and the methods associated therewith.

[0164] Therefore, the method of the present invention may also optionally be extended with the steps of (individually) collecting at least one of foremilk, midmilk and hindmilk from the mother (and preferably individually collecting each of these three fractions), and using one or more (preferably each) of these individually collected fluids / milks in the method / device of the present invention.

[0165] Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the fluids may be water.

[0166] Furthermore, alternatively or additionally, one or more of the fluids may be milk concentrates, such as foremilk concentrate and hindmilk concentrate.

[0167] For example, in the method (and feeding device) of the present invention, the first fluid may be a foremilk concentrate, the second fluid may be a hindmilk concentrate, and optionally the third fluid may be water (in which case the water may be mixed with the foremilk concentrate by the method and / or device to provide foremilk to be fed to the infant, and wherein the water may be mixed with the hindmilk concentrate by the method and / or device to provide hindmilk to be fed to the infant). This embodiment has the advantage that there may be less milk waste and contamination of the foremilk concentrate and hindmilk concentrate may be prevented. For example, at the end of a feeding, any remaining portion of the foremilk concentrate and any remaining portion of the remaining portion of the hindmilk concentrate may be stored, for example, in a refrigerator, for the next feeding.

Claims

1. A feeding device (1) for feeding an infant, comprising a first fluid reservoir (4), a second fluid reservoir (8), a teat (10), and a valve structure (24, 25, 28) for selectively providing fluid communication between the fluid reservoirs (4, 8) and the teat (10), characterized in that A sensor (20) configured to detect use of the feeding device (1), and a controller (22) for controlling the valve structure (24, 25, 28) based on the use of the feeding device (1) detected by the sensor (20).

2. The feeding device according to claim 1, wherein: The first reservoir (4) contains foremilk equivalents, wherein the second reservoir (8) contains hindmilk equivalents or midmilk equivalents, wherein the feeding device (1) preferably comprises a third reservoir (5) containing milk equivalents different from the milk equivalents contained in the other reservoirs.

3. A feeding device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The sensor (20) is configured to detect one or more of the following: - Sucking behavior; - the fluid pressure upstream of the nipple (10); and - The fluid flow rate of the fluid flowing to or through the teat (10).

4. A feeding device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The sensor (20) is configured to generate a sensor signal indicative of detected use of the device (1), wherein the controller (22) is preferably configured to process the sensor signal for determining a predetermined change in use of the feeding device (1), wherein the controller (22) is preferably configured to: change the state of the valve structure if the controller (22) has determined a predetermined change in use of the feeding device (1).

5. A feeding device according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a signalling device (13), such as an acoustic signalling transmitter and / or an optical signalling transmitter, for signalling the detected use of the feeding device to an operator, wherein: The feeding device preferably comprises a user interface (K1, K2), such as at least one user-operable switch and / or button, for controlling the valve structure (24, 25, 28) and / or the controller (22), in particular for initiating a change of the state of the valve structure (24, 25, 28).

6. A feeding device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The predetermined change in use of the feeding device (1) is associated with one or more of the following: - a detected predetermined sucking pause; and - A detected average fluid flow rate decreases compared to an initial flow rate at the beginning of a feeding cycle, for example a threshold value for the average flow rate decreases.

7. A feeding device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The controller (22) is configured to control the valve structure (24, 25, 28) to allow fluid communication between the first reservoir (4) and the teat (10) during a first feeding period, for example, starting from a feeding cycle, the controller being configured to detect the start of the feeding cycle based on use of the feeding device (1) detected by the sensor (20), and the controller being configured to block fluid communication between the second reservoir (8) and the teat (10) during the first feeding period.

8. A feeding device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The controller (22) is configured to control the valve structure (24, 25, 28) to allow fluid communication between the second reservoir (8) and the teat (10) during a second feeding period, wherein the controller (22) is optionally configured to control the valve structure (24) to block or regulate fluid communication between the first reservoir (4) and the teat (10) during the second feeding period.

9. A feeding device according to claims 7 and 8, wherein: The controller (22) is configured to control the valve arrangement (24, 25, 28) such that the start of the second feeding session and / or the start of an optional third feeding session is based on use of the feeding device (1) detected by the sensor (20).

10. A method for draining fluid from an infant feeding device (1), such as a feeding device according to any one of the preceding claims, the method comprising: - during a first feeding period, feeding a first fluid to a teat (10) of the feeding device (1); - during the first feeding period, the sensor (20) monitors the use of the feeding device (1); as well as - feeding a second fluid to the teat (10) of the feeding device (1) during a second feeding session, the second feeding session starting if the sensor (20) has detected a predetermined change in the use of the feeding device, The method optionally comprises: feeding a third fluid to the nipple (10) of the feeding device (1) during the second feeding period and / or during a further third feeding period, the third fluid optionally being a mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid, Wherein, the method optionally comprises: when the sensor (20) has detected a change in the use of the feeding device, transmitting a signal (S) to an operator; The method for discharging fluid from an infant feeding device (1) optionally comprises: controlling a valve structure (24, 25, 28) to feed the first fluid to the nipple (10) during the first feeding period and to feed the second fluid to the nipple (10) during the second feeding period, the method optionally comprises: controlling the valve structure (24, 25, 28) to feed a third fluid to the nipple (10) during the third feeding period.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein: The first fluid is a foremilk equivalent, wherein the second fluid is a midmilk equivalent or a hindmilk equivalent; or wherein the first fluid is a foremilk concentrate or a hindmilk concentrate, wherein the second fluid is water, wherein the water is preferably mixed with the first fluid during the respective feeding period.

12. A kit of parts comprising at least a first liquid (or a first powder to be reconstituted with water to provide the first liquid) and a second liquid (or a second powder to be reconstituted with water to provide the second liquid), each of the first liquid and the second liquid comprising a fat fraction, a carbohydrate fraction and a protein fraction, wherein: The first liquid and the second liquid together form an infant formula or a toddler formula, preferably an infant formula; and wherein the energy content of the total energy content of the second liquid coming from fat is at least 20% higher than the energy content of the total energy content of the first liquid coming from fat.

13. A kit of parts comprising at least a foremilk equivalent and a hindmilk equivalent, the foremilk equivalent and the hindmilk equivalent each comprising a fat fraction, a protein fraction, a carbohydrate fraction and a mineral fraction, wherein: The foremilk equivalent is different from the hindmilk equivalent, and wherein, i. the mineral fraction in the foremilk equivalent is substantially the same as the mineral fraction in the hindmilk equivalent; and / or ii. the fat fraction in the foremilk equivalent provides at least 20% fewer calories, preferably at least 30% fewer calories, more preferably at least 40% fewer calories than the fat fraction in the hindmilk fraction; and / or iii. the protein fraction in the foremilk equivalent is substantially the same as the protein fraction in the hindmilk equivalent; and / or iv. the carbohydrate fraction in the foremilk equivalent is substantially the same as the carbohydrate fraction in the hindmilk equivalent; and / or Preferably wherein the foremilk equivalent is different from the hindmilk equivalent, and wherein, i. the mineral fraction in the foremilk equivalent is substantially the same as the mineral fraction in the hindmilk equivalent; and ii. the fat fraction in the foremilk equivalent provides at least 20% fewer calories, preferably at least 30% fewer calories, more preferably at least 40% fewer calories than the fat fraction in the hindmilk fraction; and 14. Use of any feeding device as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9 in a method as claimed in any of claims 10 to 11, preferably wherein a kit of parts as claimed in claim 12 or 13 is used in any of the methods as claimed in any of claims 10 to 11.

15. A feeding device (1") for feeding an infant, the feeding device comprising: Fluid reservoir (4"); Pacifier (210); and a sensor (20) configured to detect the use of the feeding device (1"); and a signaling device (13), such as an acoustic signal transmitter and / or an optical signal transmitter, for signaling the detected use of the feeding device to an operator.

16. A method for draining fluid from an infant feeding device (1"), such as a feeding device according to claim 15, the method comprising: - during a first feeding period, feeding a first fluid to a teat (10) of the feeding device (1"); - during the first feeding period, a sensor (20) monitors the use of the first feeding device (1 ”); and - when the sensor (20) has detected a change in the use of the first feeding device (1"), transmitting a signal (S) to the operator, The method may optionally include: The use of the first feeding device (1") is stopped, for example, to continue feeding the second fluid using the second feeding device (250).

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